ALLOY

Arrangement of atoms in metal

Closely packed and in orderly manner.

Meaning of alloy
WHAT IS ALLOY ?

Is a mixture of two or more elements with a certain fixed

composition in which the major component is metal

Pure metals are make up of the same type and same size of
atoms

The orderly arrangement of atoms make the metal ductile and

malleable

Orderly arrangement of atoms in metal enables the layer of

atoms to slide on one another when force is applied

Layers of atoms slide over each other

Most pure metals are weak and soft

The properties of pure metal can be improved by making them

into alloys

Alloys are stronger,harder and resistant to corrosion,have a

better furnish and luster (shining by reflecting light)

WHY MAKE ALLOY ?

Makes pure metal harder and stronger
Makes pure metal resistant to corrosion
Improves appearance of pure metal
The Arrangement of Atoms in Alloy
The presence of atoms of other metals that are of different
size disturb the orderly arrangement of atoms in the
metal.This decrease the layer of atoms from sliding.
Thus alloy is stronger and harder than its pure metal

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List of Alloys and their Composition

Brass

Bronze

= Cu +Zn

= Cu + Sn

Duralumin = Al + Cu + Mg

Steel

= Fe +C

Stainless Steel= Fe + Cr + Ni

SYNTHETIC
POLYMERS
MEANING OF POLYMER
Polymer : Large molecules make up of many identical repeating subunits called monomers which are joined together by covalent bonds
Polymerization : A process to join the monomer into chains by
repeated linking
NATURAL POLYMER

PROTEIN

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STARCH

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CELLULOSE

NATURAL RUBBER

SYNTHETIC POLYMER

Polythene
Polypropene
Polyvinylchloride (PVC)
Perspex
Nylon
Terylene

TERYLENE

PERSPEX

NYLON

POLYTHENE

USES OF NATURAL & SYNTHETIC POLYMER IN DAILY LIFE

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LIST OF MONOMERS IN THE SYNTHETIC POLYMER

&
USES OF SYNTHETIC POLYMER
SYNTHETIC POLYMER
Polythene

MONOMER
Ethene

Polypropene

Propene

Polyvinyl chloride
(PVC)
Perspex

Chloroethene

Terylene

Hexane-1, 6-diol
Benzene-1, 4-dicarboxylic
acid
Hexane-1, 6-diamine
Hexane-1, 6-dioic acid

Nylon

Methylmethacrylate

USES
Plastic bags,shopping
bags,plastic containers and
insulation for electrical wiring
Piping,carpets,car batteries ,
ropes and bottle crates
(bekas letak botol)
Artificial leather, water pipes
and records (piring hitam)
Safety glass,reflectors,traffic
signs and lens
Clothing,sails and ropes
Ropes,clothings and carpets

GLASS AND
CERAMICS

FUSED GLASS
Composition :
Silicon dioxide
Properties :
High transparency
High melting point
Uses :
Mirror
Quartz

Soda-lime GLASS
Composition :
Silicon dioxide
Sodium oxide
Calcium oxide
Properties ;
Low melting point
Easily moulded
Uses
Windowpanes
Glass container bottles
and jars
`
BOROSILICATE GLASS
Composition :
Silicon dioxide
Sodium oxide
Calcium oxide
Boron oxide
Properties :
High melting point
Resistant to heat
Uses
:
Cookware
Lab equipment

FARRAH WAHIDA ZULKIFLI

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LEAD CRYSTAL GLASS

Composition :
Silicon dioxide
Sodium oxide
Lead (II) oxide
Properties :
High density
High reflective index
Uses :
Prism
Decorative glasswwares
Conducting glass
Coated with a layer of conducting
material
Special glasses

To make LCD panels

Photochromic glass
Contains silver chloride and copper (I)
chloride
To make photochromic lenses which
darken when exposed to sunlight

CERAMICS

Ceramic

Strong
Hard but brittle
Electrical insulator
Resistant to heat
Resistant to chemicals
Able to withstand compression

USES OF CERAMICS
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