Cloud Computing is a game-changing technology that has been a trending subject for career-driven IT

Professionals. As a concept, cloud computing represents a paradigm shift on how systems are deployed.
As a technology, cloud computing refers to the applications and services running on a distributed network
using virtualized resources, and accessed using Internet protocols and networking standards.
This book is a collection of unique discussion starters providing you with some food for thought on the latest Cloud Computing ideas and concepts. These articles will ultimately help you form an educated opinion
on the usability of Cloud Computing for your current career path. These educational resources will help
guide you on a practical path toward the global phenomenon of Cloud Computing. A variety of related
discussion questions have also been included to encourage and facilitate a more thorough understanding
of the subject.

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About The Art of Service

As a cutting-edge IT service framework company, The Art of Service is leading the way in providing
high-end, client-focused books, toolkits, and online education programs. The company is one of the most
trusted sources globally for the career-driven IT professional.

Cloud Computing - Discussion Starters for IT Professionals

This book provides a broad view of cloud computing and covers all integral concepts, tools, management
and security systems, common concerns, and implementation processes. The content has been designed
to help you build a solid foundation for your Cloud Computing knowledge to grow from. As a result, you
will be more valuable to your company and future employers.

A range of imperative Cloud Computing subjects have been addressed by The Art of Service team to ensure you have a valuable educational resource to add to your Cloud Computing toolbox. Articles cover and
delve into subjects such as Virtualization, Service-Orientated Architecture (SOA) modeling and integration,
maintaining security within the Cloud, Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) and public Cloud Computing, IaaS
capabilities, Platform as a Service (PaaS), Software as a Service (SaaS), Cloud storage, Cloud vendors, and
many more.

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Cloud Computing
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Discussion Starters for

IT Professionals
Educational resources to help guide you on a practical
path toward successful Cloud Computing

Ivanka Menken
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caused directly or indirectly by the instructions contained in this book, or by

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Table of Contents
Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Chapter 1: Cloud Introduction

What is Cloud Computing? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Just how far has Cloud Computing progressed over the last 2 years? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Say hello to Cloud Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Virtualization, moving to the Cloud, and Cloud Bursting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Are the economic concepts promised in Cloud Computing legitimate? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Cloud Computing is here to stay, heres why! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Where in the world is Cloud Computing headed? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Demystifying Cloud Computing: for the average person. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
What to look for in a Cloud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Computing certification course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Cloud Computing certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Discussion Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

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Chapter 2 : SOA and Cloud

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Service-Oriented Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
SOA infrastructure (for the Cloud) vs. traditional IT architecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
How can Cloud Computing and SOA be leveraged together? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Integrating Cloud Computing and SOA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
SOA Security (and Governance). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
SOA Testing Needed to Retain Performance & Reliability Standards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
SOA Modeling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
SOA: (Best) Practices (& Standards). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Why should you consider metering SOA and Cloud Computing services? . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Info (Data) -Centric SOA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Discussion Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Chapter 3: Cloud Security

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The 3 biggest cloud computing risks for businesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Service outages and security issues, but optimistic about Cloud Computing. . . . . . . . . 54
Cloud Computing & Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Cloud Computing security concerns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Maintaining security within the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
cloud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
What kinds of security benefits will Cloud Computing bring to your business? . . . . . . . 63
How advanced persistent threats affect Cloud Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Discussion Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Chapter 4: IaaS, PaaS, SaaS

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Public Cloud Computing and IaaS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

IaaS appears to be outperforming other types of cloud services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
What is it that makes IaaS such a practical choice?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Is IaaS the best place for businesses seeking to get started in Cloud Computing? . . . . 75
What is the difference between private and hybrid IaaS? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
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Is IaaS the new face of IT? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

IaaS captures a sizable chunk of the IT outsourcing market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
What the future of IaaS (Cloud Computing) might look like . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
What is IaaS capable of? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
What to look for in an IaaS vendor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Platform as a Service (PaaS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Why cant we agree on the definition of Cloud Computing?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Cloud APaaS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Looking at Cloud Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Cloudbursting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Cloud Computing for the Enterprise. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Experts are foreseeing big changes in Cloud computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
The cloud tradeoff: ownership vs. leasing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Taxing the Cloud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Discussion Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Chapter 5: Examples of cloud vendors

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IBMs cloud computing venture is designed for businesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cloud services brokerage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The lowdown on Oracles new IaaS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A closer look at Amazon's EC2 and S3 services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discussion Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Foreword
At The art of Service, we constantly research and look for the
current trends in the IT industry. We use this information in the
online eLearning programs that we create for career-driven IT
Professionals. We turn these trends and information sources into
easily accessible educational products to introduce the subjects
to our students and readers.

In the past few years, Cloud Computing has been a strong subject
for career-driven IT Professionals. When you want to stay relevant
in your careeer in IT, you need to at least have a basic understanding of the terminology surrounding Cloud Computing, including
the latest buzz in the industry.

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This book is a collection of unique articles around Cloud Computing, designed to give you
some food for thought about Cloud Computing and to help you form an opinion on the usability of this for your current career. Look at this as your bare bottom minimum body of
knowledge. At the end of each chapter, you will find a number of Discussion Questions. Talk
these through with your co-workers, or use them to create a more thorough understanding of
the subject. Either way, as a result of this you will be more valuable to the company and future
employers.

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Every Day is a SchoolDay is our motto, but that doesnt mean we cant make things a bit
simpler for you...

We created this collection of Cloud Computing articles to do exactly thatmake things simpler for youand of course we hope you like our choices... but if not, well there is more where
this came from! It does mean, however, that you need to do the research and you will have to
spend some time on your favorite Internet search engine to find it.
Alternatively, contact me directly to see what else we may have for you. Enjoy this book!
Regards,

Ivanka Menken

The Art of Service Pty Ltd

All of the information in this document is subject to copyright. No part of this document may in any form or by
any means (whether electronic or mechanical or otherwise) be copied, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
transmitted or provided to any other person without the prior written permission of The Art of Service Pty Ltd, who
owns the copyright.

Chapter 1: Cloud Introduction

Lets start at the beginning: what is Cloud Computing and what do

the different terminologies actually mean?

This chapter also looks back at the history of Cloud Computing,

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years.

especially the rapid acceptance of the technology within the last 2

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And lets not forget the glamorous side of Cloud Computing; the
economic benefits of adopting Cloud Computing in the business

is often discussed. But is this really a valid point? Or is the focus on

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economic benefits an artificial discussion?

What is Cloud Computing?

There seems to be only more confusion (not less) mounting
about what cloud computing actually tepresents.

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espite the prevalence of materials, courses, even advertisements on TV (for

cloud gaming services), some people still seem to be in the dark as far as cloud
computing is concerned. Arguably, most of the confusion out there is probably due to
apathy, or the lack of interest/initiative to further investigate what cloud computing
is, or what it can do. Cloud computing (from the point of view of many, including
experts) is a breakthrough technology with the power and resources to change
the way we not only compute, but the way we network, interface, and think about
computers in general. This is why the confusion surrounding it (cloud computing)
needs to be dealt with as cleanly, smoothly, and as thoroughly as possible (as soon
as possible).

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One of the most commonly misinterpreted aspects of cloud computing is how it actually works.
Lets back up a bit here; in a traditional grid computing system (the current standard, probably
what youre using right now), every individual user has their own private stock, if you will, of hardware, software, storage, and operational components. While there is certainly nothing wrong
with this model, it does highlight some fundamental problems in terms of energy/resource usage
for us all. In grid computing, nearly everyone has their own wildly overpowered system; a majority of users never even using but a fraction of their available resources during the life of their
machine.

All of that extra power and resources simply goes to waste in a grid computing scenario; however,
in a cloud computing setup, all hardware (and most software too) is centralized, allowing users
access to as much power as they require. Heres how it works (as an example): lets say you have
two systems, a grid and a cloud. On each system, you have 50 users. In the grid model, most of
the users, lets say 45 of them, only use their computer for light applications and browsing the
Internet. The other 5 might be doing resource-intensive work with a number of programs. The
remaining 45 users have a wealth of computing power right underneath their fingertips and will
never use it, but because the grid system doesnt allow for computing resources to be shared,
these extra resources will go to waste.
Now, lets apply this same logic to a cloud computing system. Same numbers apply here as well.
What makes the cloud superior is the fact that it is able to provide users with as much power as
they need, and on an individual basis no less. Users in a cloud computing network dont actually have (or need) full-fledged systems; their interface devices are usually nothing more than a
browser-based OS/interface with a negligible amount of RAM and/or a somewhat limited hard
drive. Users on a cloud network dont need hardware or software resources to be local (local
meaning with them or on them). The great thing about cloud computing is that it provides
everything for each individual user (and I mean everything).
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In a cloud computing model, you have an extensive set of centralized resources, often called the
hardware stack. This hardware stockpile is capable of housing and running the contents that
you would find on multiple PCs, for example. The centralized hardware can literally create virtualized machines for individual users, which they can further customize. Inside the cloud, you have
a total amount of power and resources available, often comparable to a set of super computers.
The cloud actually simulates individual users operating systems, applications, everything they
need from their interface, or access point. Whats beautiful about it, however, is the fact that if
said user needs to requisition extra power or resources to accomplish something, it is done automatically by the cloud itself. What does this mean exactly? It means that every user on a cloud
computing network can have access to near unlimited computing resources instantly.

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Thus, cloud computing is really an entirely new way of looking at computing and networking, isnt
it? In many ways, it is blurring the line between network interfacing and personal computing. Its
a sort of ystem for remotely deploying virtualized systems in either solitary or complex groups.
Because cloud computing is making use of certain technologies to perform critical tasks and services (which were originally designed solely for use on the web), it isin many waysbridging
the gap between web-based technologies and more conventional ones (hardware and software).

Just how far has Cloud Computing

progressed over the last 2 years?
To say that cloud computing has experienced rapid growth
over the last few years is an incredible understatement.

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lot can change within a couple of years, but mercurial growth and accelerated
development is very rare. Most experts have been expecting progress in the
area of cloud computing, but have been repeatedly surprised by just how fast this
expansion has escalated in such a relatively short amount of time. Sure, there have
been big jumps in the past (in computing, networking, hardware, and software), but
never with a type of technology that has such a broad set of potential applications
(no pun intended).

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What makes cloud computing such a unique case is its ability to provide useful infrastructure or
to mold to virtually any situation. In short, there isnt really anything that the cloud cant do. In
fact, you can look at any piece of hardware and/or software in existence and chances are, there
is a cloud computing equivalent. But its not about building comparable systems with the cloud;
its about creating components which are highly versatile, easy to customize, and simple to create
virtualized copies of.

Over the last 2 years (20102012), cloud computing (or one of its major providers) has helped to
create:
Better security systems and protocols
Extremely elegant solutions for deploying all manner of social media content for large audiences
Useful business-specific services on both the consumer end and in the back office
True IaaS, which allows organizations to assume a great deal of control over their infrastructure
Powerful, stable, and inexpensive cloud services for nearly every potential application you
can think of
New approaches to software/hardware (true virtualization)
An explosion of SaaS-style services for any situation/purpose (many of which are free)
Cloud interfaces; which are bringing cloud technologies to consumer devices like tablets,
smartphones, etc.
Incredibly advanced and powerful super-computer capabilities (for use in data analysis, research or perhaps in NASA-related missions)
Completely self-contained cloud services, which are essentially fully packaged IT resources

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(PaaS, IaaS)
Cloud Gaming
Legitimate cloud OS (Windows server 2012)
and many more incredible developments, etc.

The net result of all this advancement appears to be the positioning of cloud computing as the
replacement for grid computing and networking. Likewise, as more people continue to plug into
4G (soon to be 5G) and high-speed Internet, the ability to utilize cloud computing technologies
will become further evident (according to various stat-gathering groups, there are still millions
who are using dial-up connections). Additionally, prices for faster connections seem to be dropping, which is spurring further adoption of cloud technologies in a roundabout way.

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However, the biggest development to occur over the last 2 years in the cloud computing arena
has to be its adoption rates. Basically, we are about to see around half of all businesses integrating some form of cloud computing (if thats not already the case). This might come in the form of
lower-level SaaS (which is often integrated in with their current IT framework), or IaaS, which is a
more complete IT solution, which the user is tasked with managing. Once we see a true indication
that cloud computing has captured over 50% of businesses and the general consumer population, it will signal a complete and total shift toward the cloud as the definitive replacement.

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For your average consumer, cloud computing is a staple of the web already, though many might
not realize it. Many of the most popular sites, services, and features like YouTube, Gmail, Dropbox,
and others, already make direct use of cloud technologies. Additionally, Microsoft, Apple, Google,
and other gigantic companies are either designing and releasing devices which integrate cloud
features or pushing for the development of cloud-specific devices. Soon, well likely see a glut
of cloud computers hitting the market; devices which are little more than browser-based OSs
which connect to a cloud and are driven by subscription services.

Furthermore, 2012 isnt over yet and new advancements are taking place on what seems like a
weekly basis now. Regardless of how you might feel about cloud computing, its extremely probable that 2013 will herald an intense year of further exponential growth for the technology (and
global computing and networking). Were probably going to see virtualized hardware services
expand and integrated more like software, which will allow them to be quickly and painlessly
incorporated into practically any setup. Likewise, cloud devices might emerge, which could completely change the way we look at individual machines forever. The only thing left to do is buckle
your seatbelt and hold on for the ride; its going to be an exciting one.

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Say hello to Cloud Management

How this relatively new model of cloud service is comparable
to owning your own private cloud

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imply put, cloud management is a service model that is comprised of private

cloud access and utilities and delivered in the manner of a public cloud. But
unlike other types of cloud service models, the managed cloud has a few extra
things to offer users, namely, the total supervision of their service(s). A managed
cloud is actually a private cloud which another organization maintains, that you
as the user pay to access. Most managed clouds are pieced together by the user
from a variety of options concerning everything from how many CPUs you need,
to what type of operating system you want to use. A managed cloud is arguably
the best alternative to actually constructing your own private cloud (which is quite
expensive), and offers users nearly all the same benefits as those enjoyed by private
cloud owners.

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What are the major drawbacks to using a public cloud (vs. a private or managed one)? Latency
issues are a fairly common occurrence (with public clouds); this is often largely due to the remote
location of resources in relation to the client. Then of course there is the issue of PCI compliance
in a public cloud setting, which isnt a problem for some, but is a glaring issue for others. What
about security? Though a big-time, major security flub hasnt occurred on/in a public cloud as
of yet, it seems to be the most likely place for one to take place. Because managed clouds are
privately owned and operated, they generally are the most secure, security-wise. Also, since access to a managed cloud is limited and monitored, it is without question one of the most secure
ways to utilize cloud computing. These are but a few of the client-specific issues that typically
push individuals (and groups) toward setting up a private cloud.
At its very heart, a managed cloud is simply a private cloud that a knowledgeable and dependable organization has granted you access to. You set up your partition based on the available
options, and then they deploy it to you (or your organization). The best part about a managed
cloud, however, is the fact that they are often meticulously maintained, extremely secure, and
exclusive (meaning, you wont be rubbing elbows/data with just anyone). In fact, most managed
clouds have a 100% uptime, high-availability guarantee (of some sort) in place. This is usually
accompanied by perks like 24/7 support and automatic off-site backups (in case of disasters).
Setting up a typical managed cloud service is essentially a three-step process. First, you choose
your power requirements, then things like your proposed OS, and finally, any other additional
service components. This of course means making informed decisions about how much RAM
you will likely need (usually around 110 GB with most typical managed clouds), as well as picking the appropriate operating system (usually either windows enterprise or data center). As a
final step, most managed cloud providers will offer their customers a mini-buffet of additional
service components which can be added to their service model.
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This will usually include items like:

CPanel
Additional IP addresses
MS SQL
SAN storage
Antivirus software/protection
VPN
Internet transfer rate
Off-site backup and disaster recovery

These additional components are usually offered at extremely affordable prices, and are certainly
worth looking into if youre serious about cloud computing.

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The biggest perk of utilizing a managed private cloud in place of a public one has to be the support structure. Managed clouds often employ support teams which operate on rotation and are
available 24/7365 days a year. In the event of a disaster, security breach, or any other problem
you can think of, they will be on hand nearly instantly to not only correct any issues, but also to
secure your data. This is especially useful for businesses, which not only need to ensure that their
data is backed-up on a continuous basis, but also need to eliminate downtime. In terms of reliability, a managed cloud is almost impossible to top.

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A managed cloud is basically halfway between being a public cloud and a private one. For those
looking for the features, seclusion, and security found on a private cloud, without having to dish
out a fortune, a managed cloud is definitely the way to go. They are not only more secure, but also
generally more customizable, which can be extremely beneficial for businesses that have specific
requirements that need addressing. But, as previously suggested, the real area where managed
clouds shine is in customer service. For example, if you run a business that is heavily dependent
on computing, downtime essentially translates into loss of profit(s). In this way, a managed cloud
is an elegant and inexpensive way to ensure that you are always connected and secure.

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Virtualization, moving to the Cloud,

and Cloud Bursting
V

irtualization is one of those topics that cloud computing aficionados just love
to flaunt, and for good reason; it can be used to do pretty much anything in a
computer system or network. As far as cloud computing is concerned, virtualization
is basically its ancestor. While its true that not all virtualized systems are clouds, all
clouds rely heavily on virtualization. In other words, the door doesnt exactly swing
both ways. In fact, many organizations will often utilize virtualized components in
their grid-based systems. In their setups, virtualized components might perform
specific tasks across their network.

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Many of the businesses that might be wary of cloud computing prefer to keep all of their applications (especially those that might be performing more critical tasks) on their own localized
hardware stack. For those companies that have already (or perhaps are ready to take the plunge)
adopted cloud computing, virtualization is being used in amazing new ways. While most people
are familiar with the concept of using virtualization for running copies of operating systems, applications or virtual hardware, they may not be aware that it is now being used to perform storage
and desktop simulation duties as well.

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The truth is, most organizations (even those with no affiliation with mainstream cloud computing) already have many virtualized components in operation inside their hardware stack. Why is
this important you ask? Well for starters, the virtualized components sitting there in your hardware stack could be performing extremely useful and critical tasks; but they could also provide
you with a clear-cut path toward cloud integration. For example, one of the most logical first steps
for most businesses would be to use virtualization as a means for allocating additional resources
in the event of drop off.
Lets say that you are anticipating that your computing network (grid-based) will need additional
computing power, hardware resources, storage, or bandwidth (as is often the case during the
busy times of the year). In this scenario, you have two options: buy more hardware/upgrade your
service package or use virtualization to handle the overflow. If you configure some virtualized
elements on your system to automatically requisition additional cloud-based resources, you will
have continuous service. Setting things up this way ensures that you will also be able to keep your
costs much lower than you would if you had to add hardware (potentially tens of thousands of
dollars lower).
Once the crisis period has ended, your system would no longer require the use of the requisitioned cloud resources. In other words, you only pay for what you use. Creating a system that
requisitions additional cloud resources as they are needed is what is commonly known as cloud
bursting.

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One potential avenue that many have not previously considered is using virtualization to perform
cloud bursting duties. How would that work exactly? Lets pretend for a moment that we have a
large grid network set up. For 11 months out of the year, everything is fine, but one month a year
there are serious deficiencies. If it is a retail business, it may be due to seasonal customer/product
overflow, for example. So maybe were selling holiday specific products and take in a significantly
larger volume of business during a one month period preceding a specific celebration. It would
make no sense for us to spend thousands upgrading our entire hardware setup just to cover that
one month of accelerated operations, especially if were operating well within capacity the rest
of the year. Whats the solution? Use virtualized components within our existing hardware stack
to activate/use additional resources automatically in the event of an overdraft. We would simply
need to sign up for a service plan from one of the many reputable cloud computing providers out
there, configure it with our current system, test it and then sit back and relax.

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This is the way that most organizations are introduced to the world of cloud computing, through
workflow overdrafts (or cloud bursting, as it is also called). Once most businesses see what cloud
computing can actually do, they usually begin the transition. This often occurs as a result of realizing that there is a definitive advantage in terms of cost effectiveness by switching to the cloud.
When you combine the aforementioned benefits with the realization that cloud computing is also
offering nearly unlimited power/resources and no threat of service blackouts, its easy to understand why more and more institutions are making the switch.

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It is unclear whether or not cloud computing will take hold over the individual users in the same
way that it has for businesses. As the current model of cloud computing stands, businesses have
a lot more to gain from it than does the average individual user. It could be argued that individual
users will always prefer having their own set of contained hardware/software resources on hand;
the same cannot be said of businesses, however. For organizations, cloud computing is able to
reduce their IT-related expenditures by such a significant amount that it is highly doubtful that
any of them will even look back. For businesses interested in cloud computing, virtualization will
provide you with a solid introduction to the field.

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Are the economic concepts promised

in Cloud Computing legitimate?
A closer examination of both sides of the cloud computing
cost debate

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nyone whos studied cloud computing for any length of time should know that
the technology driving the cloud offers distinct advantages and (if implemented
properly) will most likely replace the current system thats in use. But lets not get
ahead of ourselves here. It should be noted that cloud computing isnt really a new
technological breakthrough at all; its really a reconfiguration of existing computing
and networking elements.

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Cloud computing is basically a hybrid networking and computing concept at its very essence; no
longer are they considered to be entirely separate entities. As a result, many things which were
simply not possible or practical are becoming a reality, courtesy of the cloud. However, there
seems to be some major disagreements among individuals with regard to the economic benefits
offered by the technology.

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Some see the emergence of the pay-as-you-go model used by most cloud computing service
providers as trimming the fat, so to speak. You only pay for what you use and you dont have to
absorb the cost of software or hardware ownership either, you are only liable for actual use of
services. Still, others see this as a bad thing; to them, ownership equates to possessing additional
assets.
Cloud detractors might also say that the costs are the same in both instances (cloud and grid).
Whats their reasoning? Since both computing models are essentially using similar, if not the same
components or equivalencies, the costs associated with computing in each instance should be
the same. In other words, since hardware/software development companies, along with service
providers, are still going to have to be compensated at the same rate (thats not going to change),
whos going to absorb the additional costs? Historically, its always been the users that absorb any
additional development costs and it is most sensible to assume that this will not change any time
soon.
The reason why cloud computing is cost effective is actually very simple. It should be noted that
larger amounts of hardware, software, electricity, and periods of operation will all incur additional
costs. So, for example, if we have two systems (one cloud and one grid) that are nearly identical
in terms of their power, energy usage, applied software and hardware, what we are really looking
for is overall efficiency.
The truth is that cloud computing definitely uses its resources much more efficiently than the
grid model does. As a result, it is logical to assume that since grid computing wastes much more
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resources and energy, the costs associated with those operations cannot be recouped. In other
words, grid computing is little bit like leaving the refrigerator door cracked open, while in cloud
computing it is closed and insulated; too much energy is wasted in the grid model. This is the reason why many have clearly stated that cloud computing is much more cost effective in the long
term, not to mention the fact that energy costs on the global stage seem to keep rising every year.
The real central issue with regard to cloud computing cost(s) should be, once an industry of service providers is firmly established, will they remain true to their word and keep their prices low?
Whats to stop the major service providers of the future from hiking up their prices? It would be
very easy for a coterie of companies to monopolize the computing market and simply raise their
prices, just as virtually all companies are apt to do in every market. As users of cloud computing technology, we must seek out assurances from our current and future providers that once
demand reaches a certain level, they wont simply opt to dramatically increase the prices of their
services.

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Arguably, what most people are not taking into account is the reality that it is much more likely
that grid and cloud computing will exist alongside one another for quite a long time. It has been
shown that businesses have been among the first groups to begin adopting cloud computing;
this is because it allows them to perform their daily tasks more efficiently and in most cases, at a
much cheaper overall cost.

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Whos to say that the development of computing might not take an entirely different direction altogether? Perhaps cloud computing elements will recombine with grid computing in unforeseen
ways, or maybe cloud computing will become a business standard and not gain any popularity
among individual users? At any rate, cloud computing wouldnt exist if it werent for grid computing, and its not so much a competitor as it is eventual offspring. So, for those of you die-hard
sponsors of grid computing, dont take the emergence of cloud computing personally. Try not to
eat your younglings.

17

taxes are in place, theyre often incrementally raised without much effort - just refer to Tobacco
and Alcohol {Im not defending these institutions or the harmful products they sell; only demonstrating how certain products tend to be taxed}. Then you also have to realize that if too many
state governments begin taxing the cloud at will, it will have a direct effect on the growth of the
entire industry. After all, were talking about collecting taxes on non-tangible goods which are
being provided by businesses located out of state. As far as in-state commerce is concerned,
perhaps there is justification in certain circumstances, but were really talking about cross-border
precedents here.

Taxes levied against certain types of cloud providers will also have a direct effect on the way
consumers approach cloud computing as a whole. This isnt rocket science, if one area of cloud
computing is taxed while another is not, those being forced to assume these costs will have to
overcome additional obstacles. Moreover, if youre a SaaS vendor, youll likely have to raise your
prices in order to offset tax-based losses. The end result of these tax mandates will be that prices
on certain types of cloud offerings will spike, which will ultimately steer users toward the cheaper,
non-taxed offerings. The question is, once lawmakers realize that people are opting for non-taxed
cloud services will they then decide to take further steps?

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Bring your business & IT department up-to-date with Cloud and IaaS Certification
The ever-growing influence of cloud computing is spreading in all directions, which only further
highlights the need for businesses to prepare themselves for it (and its challenges). Rather than
approaching this situation with bold and haphazard actions which pose certain risks, why not opt
for the easy route? Cloud computing training, education and certification will allow virtually any
business to transform their current IT staff into qualified cloud engineers. There are even specialized programs for IaaS (which is the fastest growing sector of business-related cloud services).

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Discussion Questions
1. What does the business strategy and corporate policies say about using
public cloud?
2. How will SaaS Services support the BYOD policies in your company? What
discussion has been taking place around these subjects?
3. Where do you personally see the opportunity for your career when you

think about SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS?

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4. Back to security when allowing cloud storage in the business, what are the
risks in relation to IP protection, personal data, and confidentiality?

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5. Which of the types of cloud computing offering do you feel is most appro-

priate for your organization? Where do you feel is the future heading?

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6. What about virtualization? What do you know about this, and how is it currently used in the business? How can this help with the step up to other

Cloud Computing offerings?

7. Painting a Picture: what will the IT department look like in 35 years? What
type of roles are going to be required, what inhouse technology is being
used, what type of cloud services are utilized, and how can you use your
cloud computing knowledge to maintain relevant and valuable?

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Chapter 5: Examples of cloud vendors

In our final chapter, we look at a number of well-known providers

of Cloud Services to get an idea and understanding of what is
currently available. Of course this is not a complete list, just a

couple of ideas to get the brain started...

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Other examples are hosting providers that offer cloud-based

managed sevices, SaaS providers like Salesforce.com, Cloud

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Storage providers like Box.net, and dropbox to name a few.

In the enterprise area, these vendors are quite well-known for

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their corporate cloud computing offerings.

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IBMs cloud computing venture is

designed for businesses
I

f youre currently evaluating potential cloud service providers you have no doubt
already encountered what IBM has to offer. After all, IBM is currently one of the
worlds foremost cloud vendors (theyve pretty much been there from the start).
SmartCloud, which purports to be both a part of IBMs vision for cloud computing as
well as a tree of service options, is currently making big waves in the business world.

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What is it that SmartCloud is bringing to the table exactly, you may ask? Most of the core principles of the basic 3 types of cloud service offerings are covered under SmartCloud, those of course
being: SaaS, PaaS, and SaaS. However, what makes SmartCloud different is its focus on specific
elements or components of each service offering and how they assist, reinforce or promote the
aims and objectives of their user(s). As you would expect, SmartCloud is more or less a living
embodiment of the basic cloud infrastructure model: i.e. a metered service based on usage and
demand. What makes IBMs service different from those of others is its size, scope and lets say
financial support structure. The simple fact of the matter is that running a cloud vendor service
is both extremely costly as well as laborious, vast resources in a number of areas are required in
order to assure stability, security and ongoing implementations of emerging technology. In other
words, it is IBMs overall stature, strength and reserves that make it one of the most obvious leading candidates for consideration as a first-call cloud vendor.

SmartCloud can be broken down into three main categories:

Architecture for private and hybrid cloud
Cloud computing as a service for IT
SaaS business solutions
The first offering category, Architecture for private and hybrid clouds, is principally geared toward
those organizations that are just entering the cloud marketplace. By allowing businesses to access cloud infrastructure as well as various other application tools and hybridization, they might
be able to more effectively build their own highly unique and functional cloud systems at their
own pace.
Our second branch of cloud service offerings, Cloud computing as a service for IT, may come
in the form of either PaaS or SaaS and is designed to appeal directly to a companys IT division.
Through cloud computing as a service for IT a business IT element can utilize IBMs offerings as
they choose. Designing, deploying, and managing cloud-based applications is much easier when
your IT department has access to the offerings available under this service category. However,
in order to capitalize on the perks of this particular branch (of cloud service offerings) one must
also have an IT team in place with some form of cloud computing training/certification. If youre
looking for a thorough and affordable cloud computing group certification solution, this site has
many attractive options available for you.
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Lastly, we have the third SmartCloud service branch, SaaS business solutions. As far as most businesses are/should be concerned, SaaS business solutions is where the real action is. Under this
branch of offerings businesses are invited to choose from a bevy of additional cloud-intensive
services ranging from collaboration and management to analytics and marketing. Perhaps the
easier way of describing what SaaS business solutions has to offer would be to say that it enables
organizations to utilize specific cloud technologies to further its agenda. For example, the various
social-oriented technologies can be bundled together in order to increase an organizations interoffice functionality (think: meetings, file sharing, email, etc). This same socially oriented cloud
technology can also be used to provide potential customers and guests with a better experience
as well.

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IBMs digital marketing suite, Coremetrics, is also a potential service addition under the SaaS
business solutions heading. Adding Coremetrics allows organizations to both gather pertinent
analytical data directly from customers as well as implement creative and custom solutions with
regard to marketing. Likewise, with this marketing system in place a business can benefit from
an extended strategy which combines many separate approaches (like data syndication, more refined product/content recommendations, highly-targeted email campaigns, and self-organizing
marketing data/strategies).

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Also included (as another potential component of SaaS business solutions) is BlueworksLive,
which purports to be a better method for both organizing technologies as well as enacting company-wide change. One of the basic ideas behind this offering is the creation of a singular storage
area in which all ongoing progress, processes, rules and work can be accessed. The idea here is
that a great deal of time is routinely lost due to lack of documentation and/or availability of information. In other words, BlueworksLive is an offering designed to improve personnel efficiency by
creating an improved system for organizing all manner of media, information and content.

Whichever of the three cloud service branches offered by IBM your organization chooses will be
entirely dependent on its specific needs and available (supplementary) assets. However, this underscores the overall significance of IBMs SmartCloud service, which is that it can more or less
cover any business in any type of situation. In terms of dependability, security, implemented
features, and ease of use, IBMs SmartCloud is really one of the best cloud vendors out there. So
whats the bottom line? Whether your business organization is large or small, familiar or unfamiliar with cloud computing, IBMs SmartCloud should be among your top choices if youre seeking
a cloud provider.

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Cloud services brokerage

The middlemen between providers and consumers

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any experts are predicting that brokerage firms (which act as the middlemen
between cloud providers and consumers) will become increasingly important
over the next decade. They are also predicting that these same brokerage firms
will also be responsible for driving profits and innovation forward. Why brokers
and not developers or consumers? As with other types of businesses, developers/
manufacturers often lack the tools or know-how to reach a broad consumer base. In
any type of business it is the job of the broker to find ways to package goods and/
or services in ways that benefit both producers and consumers. In most cases the
actions of a brokerage firm will actually provide the producer (in this case, a cloud
computing provider) with additional profits and ideas, which in turn will allow them
to narrow their focus toward technical considerations and innovations.

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Most people are resigned to think of brokerage firms as unnecessary (or yet another set of players
that must be paid) participants which drive up profits to compensate for their salaries. The truth
is that by virtue of the participation of brokerage firms a business can often increase profits many
times over, find ways to reach an entirely new demographic as well as broaden their overall appeal. In fact, (as is often the case) marketing ideas from brokerage firms often find their way back
to the research and development departments of providers which usually results in entirely new
perceptions about what a product does or can do. The bottom line is that no matter how brilliant
and/or groundbreaking a concept, service or product is it needs additional personnel to bring it
to the market so to speak; this is of course what brokerage firms specialize in.

Multiple types of brokers for multiple cloud types

As is the case with other web related services, brokers will likely form businesses with the intent
of connecting specific types of consumers to cloud services. This means that there will be brokerage firms that will emerge that cater only to businesses within specific fields (like information
technology, manufacturers, factories, offices, pharmaceuticals). Likewise, there will be brokerages that will concentrate on and cater to individual consumers only. The group(s) that a cloud
brokerage firm caters to will depend largely on what type(s) of service(s) that they are promoting
and of course, their consumers needs (IaaS, PaaS and SaaS). For example, IaaS (Infrastructure
as a service, which has the widest appeal) will be angled toward both individual users as well as
large businesses simply because it offers the user virtually everything they need (software, code,
access, hardware, virtualized hardware, storage, security). Large businesses will be able to take
advantage of the lower costs of operation with IaaS as well. Less involved types of cloud services
like SaaS and PaaS (Software as a Service, Platform as a Service) will be marketed by brokerages
to moderate to larger sized businesses that have the capabilities of filling in the technological
gaps with either their own developments or that which they contract out to additional groups.
These three service models (IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS) give brokerage houses the flexibility to create their own customized service packages to market directly to consumers. After a significant
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amount of marketing data has been collected, brokerages will then be able to determine what
any particular demographics cloud computing needs really are. This data will then serve as the
template for their individual service packages which are aimed at specific types of buyers.
Brokerage firms will also work with both consumers and developers on the software side of things
as well. The ultimate aim of these firms is to provide a buffet of available services and software
options that the end user or IT manager can then pick and choose from. The old system of deployment (grid-based software and hardware) is flawed in that large amounts of money are spent
on software and hardware that are often never even used (or used in a minimal percentage). A
cloud-based setup will not only cut the costs of operation for many groups and individuals but
it will also cut the amount of time spent learning or adapting to a new system by a significant
amount as well.

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And for those companies that are not ready to take the plunge into cloud computing just yet, (but
would still like to use cloud services as a way to collect and store static data) there will be brokerages that offer data service packages. These brokerages will essentially be selling companies a
system that they can use to collect point of sale data, which will be extremely beneficial to retail
enterprises, for example. It is through this type of soft selling that many businesses may become
turned on to the idea of cloud computing in a big way.

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With regard to cloud computing, brokers are needed to generate the revenue that is needed in
order to lay the groundwork for the next phase in its development. Cloud brokers are essentially
propagating the very idea of cloud computing throughout the market itself, which is no easy
task. When big developments and changes come along (like cloud computing) there is a learning
curve as well as a new set of technological possibilities that the market and consumers alike must
adapt to and familiarize themselves with. It is the job of cloud brokerages to find new ways to
enhance the outward appeal of this new technology.

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The lowdown on Oracles new IaaS

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racle is a company that specializes in the development of both hardware and

software. Theyre a multinational and have been known to dip their toes into
virtually everything you can imagine where computers, software, networking or
database systems are involved. So, it only makes sense that they would be poised
to take advantage of cloud computing technology, even perhaps adapting it in
slightly new ways. This organization isnt just trying to compete in cloud computing
markets; theyre actually seeking to make a significant impact. They are reportedly
providing enterprise-level services to upwards of around 25 million customers as
well, so they must be doing something right.

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Up until now, Oracle didnt really have a dedicated IaaS product to offer, they mostly dealt with
applications (SaaS) and various forms of PaaS. Recently, CEO Larry Ellison announced Oracles
move to establish an IaaS offering. Apparently their goal is not simply to expand and/or create
competition in the marketplace, but to actually (and openly) challenge other big-time providers
like Amazon.

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So what is it that makes this new IaaS offering from Oracle so special, you ask? Well, first off, there
are actually two completely different ways that this particular IaaS product can be deployed, apparently. Since Oracle is a database/storage provider it makes sense that they would eventually
start hosting IaaS-style cloud offerings in their own data center(s); this new service will allow for
two distinct modes of operation, if you will. One mode is your standard vendor-hosted IaaS,
where they actually provide remote cloud computing service. The other way this IaaS offering
can be used is as software; which would allow customers to build services in their own data centers. What makes this arrangement special is the fact that applications and workloads can be
migrated to and from ones own datacenter and Oracles. Thats right; its basically a hybrid IaaS
solution that allows for quick transition between public and private clouds.
Being able to transfer workloads from your cloud to Oracles might actually offer certain companies some distinct benefits and tools. For example, some organizations might opt to build
strategies around creating useful applications in a private setting which can later be deployed in
a more public manner for all branches of their organization. This might also permit for certain applications to be developed in a more secure environment that allows for a quick and easy transfer
to a public setting. One thing is for certain, the possibilities offered by Oracles new upcoming
IaaS are many and only limited to ones own creative use of it.
With the formation of this new IaaS division, Oracle is now officially a multi-level cloud vendor:
they have SaaS, PaaSand nowIaaS offerings on the table. The idea to allow for IaaS/PaaS
compatibility, however, is a pretty revolutionary one. What were really talking about here is creating a link between all three cloud computing service models. For instance, if infrastructure can
be created with software which is similar to what Oracle is offering through IaaS, then what we
really have is SaaS reinforcing IaaS (and vice-versa). Likewise, Oracles PaaS offering(s), which are
mostly used to aid in development, might also be used in tandem with other types of services. In
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other words, it seems that Oracle is actually fostering some type of IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS synergy.
All three types of models seem to be coming together to create a more dynamic, versatile, and
open-ended cloud computing experience for businesses.
Speaking of IaaS and Cloud Computing, whats your companys long-term game plan?
If your business is eager to leverage the immense power of cloud computing and take advantage
of the seemingly endless barrage of useful applications which are pouring out in all directions,
youre going to have to be prepared. What does it mean to be prepared to implement IaaS or
cloud computing in general? One of the first (and perhaps most important) steps you should take
is to purchase certification, training and educational materials for your IT personnel.

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Complete certification packages for both IaaS and cloud are extremely affordable right now and
in very high demand. Having IT employees become more intimately acquainted with IaaS in particular, is a very good idea for businesses which are both highly independent and technologically
solvent. If youre ready to take your companys technological capability to the next level, start
with your employees and their knowledge base. Visit theartofservice.com for more information.

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A closer look at Amazon's EC2 and S3

services
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mazon has officially made its mark on the world of cloud computing with its
landmark EC2 and S3 services. These developments are arguably the most
significant to occur in recent years with regard to consumer cloud computing;
through them Amazon is looking to corner the SaaS (software as a service) market
(with EC2) as well as the cloud driven entertainment experience (with S3).

What exactly do these services offer consumers or businesses?

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Both EC2 and S3 are opening doors for people; EC2 is a complete virtual computing solution with
near unlimited power at its disposal and S3 is arguably the ultimate system for archiving and accessing your musical entertainment. And of course, the full range of possibilities for each of these
splendid services has not been fully explored yet by consumers.

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EC2 or Elastic Compute Cloud

Imagine being able to access an entirely different computer (with its own resources, RAM, storage,
software, apps, processor etc) via the net. Since this computer is accessed via the net, you are
essentially taking it with you everywhere you go; all you need is an internet connection. Amazons EC2 is essentially a complete solution for individuals or businesses seeking a SaaS-style service. EC2 is basically an access point to a virtualized computer with an almost unlimited amount
of additional resources at its disposal.

What does this mean for the businesses that apt to use EC2? For businesses, EC2 is a way to break
into the world of cloud computing in a cheap, safe, flexible and extremely powerful way. Through
EC2 businesses can leverage the extreme power of multitudes of servers all at a comparatively
low cost (just imagine trying to set up, maintain and purchase all the necessary components to
build a comparable network; it would be in the millions upon millions of dollars range). EC2
gives nearly any company or individual the ability to access extremely advanced computational
resources at an extremely affordable cost.
SaaS or Software as a Service
For those that are unfamiliar with what SaaS stands for, here is a quick summary. SaaS is a level/
type of service offered by a cloud computing provider, which in this case is Amazon. In the SaaS
model, the provider gives their client all of the resources needed to make cloud computing possible; this includes interface apps/programs/method, virtualized hardware, storage, security,
runtime, and of course network access. Clients are essentially only paying for access to these
resources and are not responsible for any kind of setup, maintenance or configuration.

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S3 or Simple Storage Service

The idea behind Amazons S3 service is giving people the ability to take their entire music collection with them wherever they go. But instead of simply miniaturizing some storage device
or inventing a new type of physical storage medium, S3 utilizes the power of the internet to give
consumers the power to create an ongoing database for their entire musical/sound based media
collection. S3 is pretty much the music delivery service that weve all been dreaming about; and
its one that will most likely replace all other models. Currently it is a freely available service (at
5GB, by purchasing an album of MP3s from Amazon they provide a free account upgrade to
20GB) that also allows users to upload mp3s from their current collection (that were not purchased from Amazon.com).

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The implications of these services (to the world of cloud computing and computer networking
in general) is far reaching. If they continue to grow in popularity, it may signal a changing of the
guard so to speak, in the way that individuals and businesses do both their networking and computing (not to mention access their entertainment).

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Discussion Questions
1. List your top 5 of Cloud vendors that you currently use:
_____________________________________________

_____________________________________________

_____________________________________________

_____________________________________________

_____________________________________________

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a Cloud Computing Service?

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2. What other services would your organization benefit from if it was offers as

_____________________________________________

_____________________________________________

_____________________________________________

_____________________________________________

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3. What other services would your personally benefit from if it was offers as a
Cloud Computing Service?

_____________________________________________

_____________________________________________

_____________________________________________

_____________________________________________

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Index
A

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additional resources 14-15, 85, 97, 115

administration 59, 83-4
Amazon 3, 69, 82, 113, 115-16
applications 9, 14, 30-1, 36, 38-40, 44-6, 48-9, 53, 65, 71, 74, 85-6, 89, 91, 93, 113-14
new 30, 90, 104
apps 38, 42, 52, 70, 77, 83, 115
architecture 4, 22, 31-2, 42, 45, 48, 50, 109
assets 21, 34, 44, 48, 73, 76, 80, 83, 85-6, 96, 110
average consumers 11, 19, 21, 24, 95

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book 2-3, 6, 54
branch 109-10, 113
brokers 35, 111-12
business operations 50, 76, 100
business owners 34, 38, 48
businesses 4-5, 13-15, 17-24, 30-7, 40-2, 44-8, 50, 52-5, 58-61, 69-71, 73-90, 93-5, 98-102, 104-7,
109-12, 114-16
most 14-15, 30, 35-6, 69, 73, 79, 85, 96, 110

C
careerists 19, 21, 26
Centric SOA 4, 48-9
certification 19, 21, 24, 26, 55, 61-2, 72, 76, 78, 80, 102, 106, 109
certification programs 24, 26, 62
classes 25-6, 84
clients 12, 28, 45-6, 53, 57, 61, 74, 77, 80, 83, 95-6, 103, 115
cloud 4-5, 8-11, 14-16, 18-20, 29, 32-3, 35, 50-6, 58-61, 63-6, 72-3, 75-6, 80-2, 97-8, 103-6, 113-15
Cloud APaaS 5, 93-4
cloud bursting 4, 14-15
cloud computing 4-29, 32-7, 41, 43, 46-7, 52-6, 58-73, 75-81, 83, 85-7, 89, 91-7, 99-107, 109-10,
112, 114-16
public 20, 69, 77
cloud computing certification 4, 21, 24-6, 62, 81
cloud computing companies 56-7, 82, 101
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cloud computing infrastructure 19, 35-6, 85

cloud computing model 9, 18, 23
cloud computing network 8-9, 22, 96
cloud computing providers 35-6, 52, 56-7, 59, 63, 66, 96, 104, 111, 115
cloud computing service providers 34-5, 56, 89, 100
cloud computing services 23, 30, 36-7, 46, 53, 56, 71, 73, 96, 117
cloud computing systems 8, 66, 89
cloud computing technologies 11, 17, 20, 26, 85, 113
cloud computing training 21, 55, 78, 106, 109
cloud infrastructure 33, 36, 52, 59, 61, 82, 93
cloud network 8, 22, 58, 92, 97
cloud providers 30, 52, 58-9, 63-4, 66, 74, 84, 90, 95, 98, 101, 103, 106, 110-11
cloud resources 18, 89, 96
cloud security 4, 51, 55, 59-61, 64, 66
cloud services 4, 12, 35, 46, 51, 70-1, 75, 81, 87, 94, 98-100, 107-8, 111-12
managed 12, 53, 72, 84
cloud storage 5, 95-6, 107
cloud technologies 10-11, 19-22, 24, 26-7, 54, 60, 69, 88, 101-3, 110
cloud vendors 5, 70, 100-1, 108-9, 117
cloudbursting 5, 97-8
collection 6, 38, 61
communication 41-2, 53, 90, 92
community 21, 24, 26
companies 2, 6, 14, 17, 23, 37, 44, 63-5, 72-4, 76, 78-9, 81-7, 90-1, 94-6, 99-100, 112-15
compatibility 31, 92-3
compliance 45, 52, 59, 61
components 10, 16, 22, 30-1, 33, 37-8, 40-1, 49, 52, 70, 73, 83, 89-90, 97-8, 104, 109
additional 13, 33, 101
individual 30, 40, 86
new 30, 49, 53
virtualized 14-15, 36
computers 8, 30, 113, 115
computing power 8, 18, 22-3, 97
configures 14-15, 42
confusion 8, 36, 41, 91
consumers 20-1, 30, 46, 68, 87, 90, 95, 101-2, 111-12, 115-16
contend 25, 48-9, 53, 60, 76
contract 58-9, 111
control 10, 38, 65, 69-71, 73, 75, 79-81, 83-5
direct 73, 76, 82
costs 14, 16-17, 28, 33, 44, 60, 71, 81, 84-5, 87-8, 90, 100, 102, 104, 106, 112
low 26-7, 115
customers 12, 30, 40, 44-7, 57, 59, 75, 87, 98, 102, 110, 113
customize 9-10, 94

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database 71, 89, 113, 116

delivery 19-20, 23
department 23, 26, 28, 32-3, 53, 72, 76, 78, 83, 85, 87, 99-100, 106-7, 109
deployment 71, 94, 112
design 30, 32, 42, 45, 48-9, 52, 71, 73, 83, 85
developers 35, 38-9, 92, 94, 111-12
devices 11, 27, 54, 101, 103-4
difference 4, 28, 51, 68, 73, 77, 84, 97-8
disasters 12-13, 59
Discussion Questions 4-6, 28, 50, 67, 107, 117
downtime 13, 33, 40, 45
duties 23, 35, 61, 72

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e-learning 25-6, 62, 66, 78

education 62, 66, 87, 106
emergence 16-17, 37
employees 34, 72, 114
energy 8, 17, 35, 52, 54, 60
enterprises 5, 20-1, 53, 99, 102
entertainment 19-21, 24, 54, 102, 116
errors 31, 34, 43, 89
event 13-15, 33, 45, 49, 55-6, 59-61, 64
evidence 53, 58, 60, 63-4, 102
existing infrastructure 33, 36, 52, 79
expansion 10, 44, 46, 72, 101
experience 21, 32-3
experts 5, 8, 21, 25-7, 74, 81, 83, 94, 101, 111

F
fear 46, 51-2, 54, 66, 103
finances 43, 46, 85
flexibility 29, 32, 48-50, 83, 111
function 18, 21-2, 30, 32, 34, 39, 42, 45-6, 75, 85, 87, 93, 95
functionality 30-1, 33, 44, 48, 53, 93-4

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G
Gartner 69, 72, 81, 91, 95, 101-2
goals 32, 44, 65, 74, 86, 113
Google 11, 19, 24, 69
governance 4, 38-9, 44
governments 54, 60-1
grid 8, 16-17, 36
grid computing 8, 11, 17, 22, 59-60, 64
grid model 8, 16-17
groups 12, 17, 23-4, 30, 38, 45, 58, 60-1, 66, 74-5, 80-1, 87-8, 111-12
growth 69, 72, 81, 93, 101, 106

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hardware 8-10, 14-16, 22, 38-9, 41, 54, 59-61, 73, 76-7, 83, 86, 91-2, 96-8, 103-5, 111-13
hardware stacks 9, 14, 18, 22, 61, 96

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IaaS 4-5, 11, 68-89, 91-2, 98-9, 101-2, 106-7, 111, 113-14
IaaS providers 73, 83-4, 87-8
IaaS vendors 5, 84, 87-8
individuals 16, 18, 22-5, 31, 37, 42-3, 46, 54-6, 58, 60, 69, 72, 75, 90-1, 101-2, 115-16
industries 6, 17, 20-1, 30, 34-5, 37, 40, 43, 53, 106
information 2, 6, 24-5, 27, 49, 55, 59, 63-4, 67, 81, 87, 97, 100, 110, 114
infrastructure 10, 21-2, 30-4, 38, 40, 42, 44-5, 49, 66, 68, 70-3, 75-7, 80-1, 83, 86, 97-100
Infrastructure-as-a-Service 71, 77, 83, 85, 101
innovations 39, 74, 82, 102, 111
institutions 15, 19-20, 26, 46, 61, 77, 106
academic 19-20, 24
integration 40, 52, 81, 99
interfaces 8-9, 38, 77, 94, 99
investments 46, 76, 93, 102, 104

J
job 21, 32, 40-2, 93, 111-12

K
knowledge 6, 50, 61, 99

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