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Title Ttulo
THIS IS HYBRID
Subtitle Subttulo
An analysis of mixed-use buildings
Prologue by Steven Holl
ISBN 978-84-616-6237-1
Authors Autores
a+t research group
Aurora Fernndez Per
Javier Mozas
Javier Arpa
Layout and production Maquetacin y produccin
Aurora Fernndez Per
Alex S. Ollero
Delia Argote
Coordination Coordinacin
Idoia Esteban
Communication and Press Comunicacin y prensa
Patricia Garca
Translation into English Traduccin al ingls
Ken Mortimer
Cover Portada
Alex S. Ollero
Printing Impresin
Grficas Irudi s.l.
VI-101-2014
Vitoria-Gasteiz, 2014
Edited by Publicado por
a+t architecture publishers
General lava 15, 2A. E-01005. Vitoria-Gasteiz. Spain
www.aplust.net
Edition Edicin: a+t architecture publishers
Projects, articles and photographs: their authors
Obras, artculos y fotos: sus autores
Ninguna parte de esta publicacin puede reproducirse o transmitirse por ningn
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No part of this publication, including the cover, may be reproduced or transmitted
without the express authorization in writing of the publisher.
Acknowledgments Agradecimientos
a+t architecture publishers agradece a todos los autores y colaboradores de las
obras que se incluyen en este nmero, su esfuerzo en la comprobacin de datos y
en la recopilacin de la informacin.
a+t architecture publishers thank the authors of the works featured in this
publication as well as all their collaborators including for their efforts in collecting
information and verifying data.
THIS INDEX
NDICE DE CONTENIDOS
Hybrid Buildings. Prologue by STEVEN HOLL ...............................................................................................................6
TEXTS
Hybrid vigour and the art of mixing by MARTIN MUSIATOWICZ .............................................................................12
This is Hybrid by JAVIER MOZAS ..................................................................................................................................20
Hybrid versus Social Condenser by AURORA FERNNDEZ PER ..............................................................................42
HYBRID PROTOTYPES
Verticalism. The future of skyscraper by IAKI BALOS, URTZI GRAU .................................................................276
Protocols Applied to High-Rise Mixed-Use Prototypes by IAKI BALOS, RENATA SENTKIEWICZ ................298
BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................................................................................................................................308
CREDITS .........................................................................................................................................................................309
THIS IS HYBRID
VILLES CRATRES BY CHANAC. Stadtstrukturen fr morgen. Justus Dahinden. Gerd Hatje Verlag, 1972
08 EL HBRIDO TOPOGRFICO
In the 1960s, many projects had one idea in common, artificial landscape, which modelled architecture as an inhabitable geography. Artificial landscape was a continuation of the existing natural landscape.
From the crater cities of Jean-Louis Rey, known as Chanac, which
imagined a continuous urban fabric spreading out over the landscape
as though the architecture had become orography, to the first works
of Csar P elli in California, which combined housing and public space
on terraced hillsides like Mediterranean towns, the topographic model became a new tool for creating new cities.
34
A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
ALSTER CENTRE BY HANS KONWIARZ. Two German Architectures 1949-1989. ifa, 2004.
ALSTER CENTRE
THE MOUND
In 1965, Peter Cook of Archigram
presented a project with no specific
place in mind called The Mound, a
grass-covered hillock housing a
multi-purpose centre. The unselfconscious character of this container
would also be applied by Archigram in
the 1970 competition for the Leisure
Centre in Montecarlo. This competition
was organized by the Monegasque
government to revitalize the waterfront.
The Mound saw the return of the
concept of the City-as-a-Single-Building,
defined by its author as an amorphous
and polyglot organism.
The combined programme is surprising
due to its variety and lack of moral
hindrance.
On four underground floors, it combines
a small auditorium, businesses, mobile
shops, an office, a plaza and several
service areas, all linked by pedestrian
passages and a monorail connection to
the urban centre. The central space, the
heart of retail activity, is opened out and
lit by light wells, while all the land
surrounding the building becomes open
recreation space. This project anticipates
the topographical aspect of hybrid
buildings with its green roof blending
into the site and has inspired several
recent projects.
THE MOUND BY PETER COOK. Architecture: action and plan. Studio Vista Ltd. 1967
THIS IS HYBRID
DIFFERENCES
1.
2.
3.
4.
HYBRIDS
1:2,500
BRUNSWICK CENTRE
IHME ZENTRUM
TORRE VELASCA
BARBICAN COMPLEX
SOCIAL CONDENSERS
1:2,500
PARK HILL
GALLARATESE COMPLEX
Milan. ITALY, 1967-1974
300 m
250 m
200 m
150 m
100 m
50 m
0m
1:2,500
MIXED-USE BLOCK
balos + Sentkiewicz Arquitectos, Atelier L+
220-225
226-231
232-235
50 %
50 %
50 %
40 %
40 %
40 %
30 %
30 %
30 %
20 %
20 %
20 %
10 %
10 %
10 %
0%
0%
0%
USES
HOTEL
CULTURE
CIVIC
EDUCATION
SPORT
OTHER
83
MIXED-USE BLOCK
NANJING
PUKOU
50
USES
40
30
20
10
0
%
CAR PARK
LIVING
LIVE/WORK UNIT
OFFICES
SHOPPING
HOTEL
CULTURE
CIVIC
EDUCATION
SPORT
OTHER
This project aims to play down the tectonic concept of the modern skyscraper by introducing a design protocol based on thermodynamic principles to generate a new entity
founded on energy balance. Two energy exchange rings have been created: one of them
between the building envelope and the exterior climate and the other between the energy-producing and the energy-consuming uses during the daily working cycle. Balance
is attained through the integrated management of these two rings and aims to extend
itself out to the scale of the dense city. Two independent energy management units have
been planned for the block: the hotel tower and convention centre and the four residential blocks with the four-storey podium. The hotel initially rises up in a compact fashion
and then tapers off into a slimmer set of units further up. The area where the exchange
with the exterior takes place is the curtain wal, that regulates the radiation (glass) and
ventilation (inner courtyard) through air intakes controled at special levels.
Este proyecto intenta quitar peso al concepto tectnico del rascacielos moderno introduciendo un protocolo de diseo, basado en principios termodinmicos, para generar
un nuevo ente basado en el equilibrio energtico. Se crean dos anillos de intercambio
energtico: uno entre la envolvente del edificio y el clima exterior y el otro entre los usos
productores y los consumidores de energa a lo largo del ciclo diario de funcionamiento.
El equilibrio se obtiene de la gestin integrada de estos dos anillos y trata de extenderse
a la escala de la ciudad densa. En el conjunto de la manzana se plantean dos unidades
autnomas de gestin energtica: la torre de hotel y centro de convenciones y los cuatro
bloques de viviendas con el pdium de cuatro plantas. El hotel arranca de manera compacta y se va disolviendo en un conjunto de unidades ms esbeltas. Su superficie de intercambio con el exterior es el muro-cortina, que regula la radiacin (vidrio) y ventilacin
(patio interior) mediante entradas controladas de aire en plantas especiales.
1:5,000
226
Section A 1:1,000
Nanjing 1:20,000
227
THIS IS HYBRID
A HYBRID OF PROGRAMS
The project experiments with a variety of residential types and relationships between commercial, residential and leisure activities. At the
upper levels of the building, the higher floor-tofloor dimensions of the existing structure allow
the insertion of three residential floors within
two original office floors, yielding a flexible
matrix of living units, from duplexes for families
to micro-units for singles. The shifted section
creates a new urban typology that allows both
proximity and separation of activities: living and
office spaces sometimes share single floors yet
can function independently.
UN HBRIDO DE PROGRAMAS
El proyecto experimenta con una variedad de
tipos residenciales y con las relaciones entre
las actividades comerciales, residenciales y de
ocio. En los niveles superiores del edificio, las
alturas de las plantas permiten la insercin de
tres forjados dentro de los dos originales de un
edificio como el existente, dedicado a oficinas,
ofreciendo una matriz flexible de unidades de
vivienda, desde dplex para familias a microunidades para solteros. La seccin desplazada
crea una nueva tipologa urbana que permite,
tanto la proximidad como la separacin de actividades: las viviendas y las oficinas comparten
a veces el mismo piso aunque pueden funcionar
independiente.
EXISTING SECTION
OBSOLETE MECHANICAL AND LIGHTING SYSTEMS
SEALED FACADE
NO SUN PROTECTION
MONOTONOUS ELEVATION
240
LIVING
VIVIENDAS
OFFICES
OFICINAS
SHOPPING
COMERCIOS
HOTEL
SPORT
DEPORTE
13
20
27
12
19
26
11
18
10
41
48
33
40
47
25
32
39
46
17
24
31
38
45
16
23
30
37
44
15
22
29
36
43
14
21
28
35
42
34
1:2,500
241
PROTOCOLS APPLIED
by
Iaki balos,
Renata
Sentkiewicz
La proliferacin actual del rascacielos con su configuracin monofuncional (dividida entre oficinas y viviendas) con anillos en torno a un
ncleo central tectnico y de comunicaciones ofrece un medio urbano sin cualidades, idntico a s mismo, que ha pasado a ser la norma
universal de la ciudad de alta densidad, canon indiferente a culturas,
climas, economas y usos cotidianos.
*Research Studio held at the Graduate School of Design of Harvard University and at the Barcelona
Institute of Architecture-BIArch, Spring term 2012.
298
(ORGANIZACIN CUANTITATIVA)
El segundo paso parte de un til de diseo en fase de experimentacin (thermodynamic mixer), desarrollado por balos+Sentkiewicz con
la colaboracin de Javier Garca Germn y un conjunto de expertos
europeos (ingenieros y fsicos) que permite, a partir de los cdigos vigentes de cargas trmicas por usos, establecer diagramas estacionales
verano/invierno de intercambios energticos entre los usos catalogados como fuentes o productores de ganancias trmicas y aquellos
considerados como sumideros a lo largo de veinticuatros horas.
Estos diagramas se elaboran para una superficie de cinco mil metros
cuadrados residenciales y un mximo de cuatro usos convencionales,
limitaciones que permiten fijar un control de la dispersin de los resultados y se aplican a los dos climas, continental y mediterrneo, que
caracterizan en este caso la geografa de Espaa (Madrid y Barcelona
como casos paradigmticos).
No se especifica una localizacin particular, excepto estos parmetros
climtico/geogrficos, manteniendo as una determinada universalidad para el experimento. La interaccin trmica programtica (la mezcla de usos) se organiza de dos formas diferentes: primero, atendiendo
a criterios exclusivamente termodinmicos para optimizar la aproximacin a una distribucin equilibrada de las ganancias trmicas a lo largo
de un ciclo de veinticuatro horas, o incorporando criterios convencio-
299
THIS IS HYBRID
SUMMER CONDITIONS
COMBINATION
SUN
OBJECTIVE: To reduce direct sunlight exposure on south and west direc on, to expose on morning light and indirect light on north and east direc on.
N
N
W
W
N
WIND
OBJECTIVE: To reduce local rela ve humidity level by increasing the velocity of the wind to remove the vapor from sta c air.
N
W
N
NW
SE
POSITIVE (+)
TERRAIN
OBJECTIVE: To reduce local rela ve humidity level by li ing the mass from the ground level.
HUMIDITY
FINAL DEFORMATION
OBJECTIVE: To combine deforma on from various external clima c parameters and according to their importance deform the final massing.
03. Til ng the north and south face to minimize direct sun exposure.
Sum
m
FINAL DEFORMATION
di
In
YES
ht
lig
ct
re
ter
Win
71
N
25
NO
Summer Wind
304
04.
as a
er
assing.
e in
rd.
WINTER CONDITIONS
OBJECTIVE: To increase direct sunlight exposure to passively heat on cold outdoor temperature.
N
E
W
W
N
E
W
NW
SE
POSITIVE (+)
OBJECTIVE: Using geothermal cooling from the earth and sea by loca ng some of the mass underground.
SEA
LAND
Seawater cooling
GEOTHERMAL
SUMMER SOLSTICE
June 21st
15 hours of sun
07:55
E
06:30
SUMMER SOLSTICE
June 21st
15 hours of sun
25 E
7106:30
WINTER SOLSTICE
S
December 21st
9 hours
25sun
71 of
S 07:55
17:23
21:30N
Time Interval
Percentage (%)
45,59
Bar
-49,96
20
24
Game Center
-65,20
20
-65,20
20
24
-21,52
0,33
Game Center (Late)
44,32
18
24
1,00Residen al
18
Time Interval
Percentage (%)
0,47
Gaming Library 21,43
45,592.350
-38,47
-49,963.850
20
24
-65,204.250
20
-65,201650
20
24
44,325.000
18
24
0,77
Bar
44,32
18
Percentage x Energy
Area (m2)
0,47
21,43
2.350
0,77
-38,47
0,85
-55,42
0,33
-21,52
1,00
44,32
3.850
4.250
1650
5.000
15.450
60
40
40
RESIDENTIAL
GAMING LIBRARY
10
12
16
14
18
20
22
24
GAME CENTER
(LATE)
20
BAR
RESIDENTIAL
20
ENERGY (W/M2)
RESIDENTIAL
20
ENERGY (W/M2)
15.450
60
BAR
RESIDENTIAL
GAMING LIBRARY
10
12
20
22
24
BAR
40
GAME CENTER
(LATE)
GAME CENTER
(LATE)
GAME CENTER
(LATE)
GAME CENTER
(LATE)
60
60
18
BAR
GAME CENTER
40
Use
16
14
GAME CENTER
(LATE)
20
GAME CENTER
Time Interval
Gaming Library
90,00
18
Bar
235,00
20
24
Percentage (%)
Percentage x Energy
Area(w/m2)
(m2)
Use
Energy to heat/cool
Time Interval
Percentage (%)
Percentage x Energy
0,47
Gaming Library 42,30
90,002.350
117,50
235,002.500
20
24
315,004.250
20
315,001650
20
24
0,33
103,95
85,005.000
18
24
1,00
85
0,50
Bar
Game Center
315,00
20
315,00
20
24
103,95
0,33
Game Center (Late)
85,00
18
24
1,00Residen al
Residen al
85
18
0,47
0,50
0,85
42,30
350
2.500
267,75
4.250
1650
5.000
300
RESIDENTIAL
RESIDENTIAL
GAME CENTER
(LATE)
GAME CENTER
GAME CENTER
(LATE)
RESIDENTIAL
100
50
ENERGY (W/M2)
250
200
150
14.100
350
300
250
E
S
RESIDENTIAL
RESIDENTIAL
200
150
GAME CENTER
(LATE)
GAME CENTER
GAME CENTER
(LATE)
RESIDENTIAL
100
BAR
BAR
GAME CENTER
(LATE)
50
BAR
BAR
GAME CENTER
(LATE)
GAMING LIBRARY
Area (m2)
2.350
117,50
14.100
Percentage x Energy
Area(w/m2)
(m2)
Use
Energy to heat/cool
Gaming Library
05. Roof angle to provide more surface area towards the indirect sun on the north
Residen al
17:23
21:30
04. Li ing the top massing of the south side eleva on to provide more room
for incoming summer wind (SW) to penetrate inside the void and also
as a device to bring winter wind (NW) of a higher eleva on down to the void.
WINTER SOLSTICE
December 21st
9 hours of sun
ENERGY (W/M2)
sure.
10
12
14
GAMING LIBRARY
16
18
20
22
24
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
N
W
38 m
38 m 38 m
37 m
37 m
38 m
37 m 37 m
37 m 37 m
PROGRAMMATIC
CUBE SUMMER
PROGRAMMATIC
CUBE WINTER
SCALE 1SCALE
: 500 1: 500
37 m
37 m
COMPOSITE THERMODYNAMIC
MONSTER
COMPOSITE
THERMODYNAMIC MONSTER
SCALE 1 : 300
Research Studio held at the Graduate School of Design of Harvard University and at the Barcelona Institute of Architecture-BIArch, Spring term 2012.
Estudio de investigacin realizado en la Graduate School of Design de la Universidad de Harvard y en el Barcelona Institute of Architecture-BIArch en la primavera de 2012.
Thermodynamic Soma sms
SCALE 1 : 300
151
151
305
THISISHYBRID
THE HYBRID BUILDING IS A SPECIMEN OF OPPORTUNITY
WHICH HAS THE MIXED-USE GENE IN ITS CODE
Se revuelve contra la combinacin de los programas habituales y basa su razn de existir en la inesperada mezcla de
funciones. El hbrido es la consecuencia de un rebote con la
tradicin, de un corte de mangas a la tipologa.
The hybrid scheme proposes cross-fertilization environments, where known genotypes are mixed and new genetic alliances are created. This way the personality of the
hybrid emerges, as a celebration of complexity.
El esquema hbrido propone entornos de fecundacin cruzados, donde se mezclan genotipos conocidos y se crean
nuevas alianzas genticas. As surge la personalidad del hbrido, como una celebracin de la complejidad.
Hybridization is associated with a certain form of grandeur, of gigantism, as mixing imposes grandeur. The hybrid surpasses the domains of architecture and settles
into the urban scale. It is an artefact able to exercise centripetal force, a colossus counteracting the evil forces of
dispersion.
La intimidad de la vida privada y la sociabilidad de la pblica anidan en l y producen una actividad constante, convirtindolo en un edificio de jornada continua.
No es un prototipo disciplinar, sino una concentracin de
intereses, no se basa en la tradicin sino en el futuro y su
supervivencia depende del consenso.
ISBN 978-84-616-6237-1
architecture publishers