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Course:

DDE 602 - Statistical Methods in Education (1 Credit, Compulsory)

Course Duration:

One hour per week for fifteen weeks (15 Hours).

Lecturer:

Owolabi, Henry O. (Senior Lecturer)


Ph.D Educational Evaluation, M. Ed Educational Evaluation, B. Sc (Hons)
(Ibadan)

Department of Arts and Social Sciences Education,


Faculty of Education,
University of Ilorin,
Ilorin, Nigeria.
e-mail:henryowo@unilorin.edu.ng
olumuyiwa.owolabi@gmail.com
Office Location:

Dept. of Arts and Social Sciences Education Block


Ground Floor, Room 3

Course Content
Basic Statistical Methods in Education. Hypotheses formulation and testing. Non-parametric
analysis, Analysis of Variance and Covariance in experiments in education. Regression
analysis, correlation and other measurements of association. Use of electronic equipment in data
analysis.
Course Description
This course exposes students to basic foundations of probability theory, statistical inference as
well as the processes of hypotheses formulation and testing. Students will be exposed to the
knowledge of parametric techniques for quantitative and categorical data, the non-parametric
techniques for quantitative and categorical data and obtaining the power of a statistical test. The
use of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Analysis of Covariance for experimental data in
educational research will be treated. The course will also expose students to the use of such
measures of association as correlation and simple regression analyses. Students will finally be
exposed to introductory activities in the use of computers for data analysis.
Course Justification
Knowledge of statistics is necessary for teachers to enable them handle data that are daily
generated in the course of the performance of their duties. They also need to engage in
educational research and the quantitative method is one major approach to data analysis. This
course provides the exposure that would equip students to be effective teachers that could engage
in rudimentary research.

Course Objectives
The main objective of this course is to introduce students to statistical methods used in
educational research. At the end of the course, it is expected that students will be able to:
i. Discuss the basic statistical methods used in educational research;
ii. Formulate hypotheses, gather and/or analyze relevant data with the use of appropriate
statistics and draw inferences;

iii.
iv.

Collate data and process same by use of computers and interpret computer print outs with
the use of Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS); and
Adopt learner friendly presentation mode to accommodate those with limited facility in
statistics.

Course Requirements
Students are expected to study worked examples and practice by working through various
questions on each topic listed in this course. A student is expected to have access to the SPSS
software. Each student is expected to have an e-mail account for the purpose of engaging in online discussion.
Method of Grading
i. Continuous Assessment
a. Test 1
b. Assignment
c. Test 2
ii. End of course Examination
Total

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10 Marks
20 Marks
10 Marks
60 Marks
100 Marks

Course Delivery Strategy


Interaction with the Lecturer, interaction among students, and on-line discussion.
LECTURE CONTENT
Week 1:
Foundations of Probability Theory
Objective:
Students are to be introduced to the Probability Theory.
Description:
Foundations of probability theory
a. Definitions of random experiment, sample space, sample point, an event. The
classical, frequentist and axiomatic definitions
b. Types of events and their probabilities range of probability, a sure/certain event, an
impossible/null event, failure/complement event, mutually exclusive events,
independent events, conditional events
c. Use of coins, playing card
Practice Question:
The following is the outcome of the toss of a coin 30 times H T T T H T T H T T T H H
T H T T H T H H T T T H H T H H H- What is the probability of obtaining a tail?
Reading List:
1. Frank1,4, Harry & Althoen, Steven C.(2002). Statistics: Concepts and Applications.
Cambridge: Cambrigde University Press Chapters 6-7
2. Adedayo1,2,4, A. O. (2000). Understanding Statistics. Akoka, Lagos: JAS Publishers
Chapters 6-7

Week 2:
Multiplication and Addition Theorems in Probability (1Hour)
Objective
1Hour
This weeks activities will build on the foundations of probability theory by focusing on methods
of calculating probability of intersection of two events and E1 or E2
a. Probability of intersection of two events The probability of E1 and E2 The
Multiplication Theorem.
b. Probability of E1 or E2 The Addition theorem.
c. Selection with replacement and without replacement.
Practice questions:
1. Two cards are drawn from a deck of playing cards without replacement, what is the
probability that the first will be 6 of spade and the second will be the 3 of diamonds?
2. What will be the result if the cards are drawn with replacement?
3. Go through the exercises in the chapters of the reference materials.

Reading List
1. Frank1,4, Harry & Althoen, Steven C.(2002). Statistics: Concepts and Applications.
Cambridge: Cambrigde University Press Chapters 6-7
2. Adedayo1,2,4, A. O. (2000). Understanding Statistics. Akoka, Lagos: JAS Publishers
Chapters 6-7

Week 3:
Foundations of Probability Theory
Objective:
Students are to be exposed to the foundations of statistical inference.
Description:
Sampling Distributions
a. Sampling distributions and sampling error
b. Populations and samples
c. Sampling distributions
Practice Questions
Work through, at least, four problems in the relevant sections of the reference text.
Reading List
1. Frank1,,4, Harry & Althoen, Steven C.(2002). Statistics: Concepts and Applications.
Cambridge: Cambrigde University Press Chapters 6-7
2. Adedayo1,2,4, A. O. (2000). Understanding Statistics. Akoka, Lagos: JAS Publishers
Chapters 6-7

Week 4:

Estimation of mean and variance and confidence intervals

Objective
The weeks lecture will focus on methods of estimating mean, variance and confidence intervals
Description:
a. Estimation of mean and variance.
b. Confidence intervals and probability.
Practice Questions
Work through the problems in the chapters of the recommended references
Reading List
1. Frank1,4, Harry & Althoen, Steven C.(2002). Statistics: Concepts and Applications.
Cambridge: Cambrigde University Press Chapters 6-7
2. Adedayo1,2,4, A. O. (2000). Understanding Statistics. Akoka, Lagos: JAS Publishers
Chapters 6-7
3. Fraenkek1,4 J. R. & Wallen, N. E. (2000). How to Design and Evaluate Research in
Education. San Fracisco: McGraw Hill Chapter 11

Week 5:
Parametric analyses
Objective
Hypothesis Testing: parametric analyses
Description:
a. Foundations : Null Hypothesis, statistical significance
b. One- and two- tailed tests
c. Parametric techniques for quantitative and categorical data
Practice Questions
Go to the chapters of the reference textbooks and work through the exercises
Reading List
1. Frank1,4, Harry & Althoen, Steven C.(2002). Statistics: Concepts and Applications.
Cambridge: Cambrigde University Press Chapters 6-7
2. Adedayo1,2,4, A. O. (2000). Understanding Statistics. Akoka, Lagos: JAS Publishers
Chapters 6-7
3. Fraenkek1,4 J. R. & Wallen, N. E. (2000). How to Design and Evaluate Research in
Education. San Fracisco: McGraw Hill Chapter 11
Week 6:
Non-parametric
Objective:
Hypothesis Testing: non-parametric analyses
Description:
a. Non-parametric techniques for quantitative and categorical data.

b. Power of a statistical test.


Practice Questions
Work through the problems in the chapters of the recommended textbooks.

Reading list
1. Frank1,4, Harry & Althoen, Steven C.(2002). Statistics: Concepts and Applications.
Cambridge: Cambrigde University Press Chapters 6-7
2. Adedayo1,2,4, A. O. (2000). Understanding Statistics. Akoka, Lagos: JAS Publishers
Chapters 6-7
3. Fraenkek1,4 J. R. & Wallen, N. E. (2000). How to Design and Evaluate Research in
Education. San Fracisco: McGraw Hill Chapter 11
Week 7:
Analysis of Variance and Design of Experiments
Objective:
Formulating hypotheses and use of Analysis of Variance and design of experiments
Description:
a. Overview, logic and formulation of ANOVA
b. Assumptions
c. Computational procedures for One-way ANOVA and rejection rule
d. Evaluation of ANOVA: Post hoc comparisons

Practice Questions
Work through, the problems in the chapters of the reference textbooks.

Reading List
1. Frank1,4, Harry & Althoen, Steven C.(2002). Statistics: Concepts and Applications.
Cambridge: Cambrigde University Press Chapter 12
2. Adedayo1,4, A. O. (2000). Understanding Statistics. Akoka, Lagos: JAS Publishers Chapter
3. Folarin4, B. A. (2000). Experimental Designs in Psychology and Education. Lagos: ideal
Press Chapters 2, 3, 4 & 5
Week 8: Analysis of Covariance and design of experiments
Objective:
Computational procedures for ANCOVA

Description:
a. Relationship between ANOVA and ANCOVA
b. Assumptions

c. Computational procedures and decision rule


Practice Questions
Work through, at least, two of the practice questions in the reference textbooks
Reading List
1. Frank1,4, Harry & Althoen, Steven C.(2002). Statistics: Concepts and Applications. Cambridge:
Cambrigde University Press Chapter 12
2. Folarin1,4, B. A. (2000). Experimental Designs in Psychology and Education. Lagos: ideal Press
Chapter 6
Week 9:
Measures of Association
Objective
One or more distributions
Description:
a. One Distribution: Goodness of fit test
b. Two or more distributions
Practice Questions
Solve, at least, five problems in the relevant chapters of the reference texts.

Reading List
1. Frank1,4, Harry & Althoen, Steven C.(2002). Statistics: Concepts and Applications. Cambridge:
Cambrigde University Press Chapter 13
2. Adedayo1,4, A. O. (2000). Understanding Statistics. Akoka, Lagos: JAS Publishers Chapter
Week 10:
Correlation Coefficients
Objective:
1Hour
Computational procedures of Pearsons Product Moment Correlation and Rank Correlation

Description:
a. Pearsons Product Moment Correlation
b. Rank Correlation
Practice Questions
Work through, at least, two problems in the relevant chapters of the reference textbook.
Reading List
1. Frank1,4, Harry & Althoen, Steven C.(2002). Statistics: Concepts and Applications.
Cambridge: Cambrigde University Press Chapter 14

2. Adedayo1,4, A. O. (2000). Understanding Statistics. Akoka, Lagos: JAS Publishers Chapter


11

Week 11:

Simple Regression Analysis

Objective:
Simple regression analysis procedures

Description:
a. Assumptions for use of simple regression
b. Computational procedures
c. Making inferences from regression statistics
Practice Questions
Work through, at least, two problems in the relevant chapters of the reference textbook

Reading List
1. Frank1,4, Harry & Althoen, Steven C.(2002). Statistics: Concepts and Applications.
Cambridge: Cambrigde University Press Chapter 14
2. Adedayo1,4, A. O. (2000). Understanding Statistics. Akoka, Lagos: JAS Publishers Chapter
11
Week 12:

Organizing and entry of data set for computer analysis with the use of SPSS

Objective
Introducing students to procedures of organizing data for analysis by use of SPSS as well as data
entry
Description
Variable identification and labels, coding and data entry procedures
Practice Question
Implement a simple data collection exercise in a school setting with age, gender, performance in
a given course or subject and school attendance as your variables. Follow the principles given in
the instruction to label the variables in your study and after coding, enter same for analysis and
save for further processing. At least, 20 students should be involved in your study.
Reading List:
Electronic copy of SPSS 15 Manual or any of the earlier versions.
Week 13:

Data Analysis and Interpretation of Output

Objective
Steps involved in the use of SPSS for analyzing data.
Description
a. Descriptive statistics of variables studies
b. Steps involved in analyzing data
c. Interpretation of print outs
Practice Questions
For the data entered in week 12, carry out an analysis of the descriptive statistics for each of the
variables, save the output, print out and interpret the results.
Reading List
Electronic copy of SPSS 15 Manual or any of the earlier versions3.
Week 14:

Review of computer print outs

Objective
Interpretation of results of computer analyses of data

Description
Review of parametric and nonparametric analyses, ANOVA, ANCOVA, Pearsons Product
Moment Correlation and Simple Regression
Practice
Students will have print out of each method of analysis for review with a view to identifying
strategies for drawing inferences.

Reading List
Electronic copy of SPSS 15 Manual or any of the earlier versions3.

Week 15:

Revision

Objectives
Students would be expected to seek explanation on any difficult concept or topic treated during
the course. They are expected to appreciate the integration of the various topics treated in the
course as a complete package.
Revision questions
These will be circulated electronically via learners e-mail addresses.

General Reading List


Adedayo1,2,4, A. O. (2000). Understanding Statistics. Akoka, Lagos: JAS Publishers
Folarin1,2,4, B. A. (2000). Experimental Designs in Psychology and Education. Lagos: ideal Press
Frank1,4, Harry & Althoen, Steven C.(2002). Statistics: Concepts and Applications. Cambridge:
Cambrigde University Press
Electronic copy of SPSS 15 Manual or any of the earlier versions1,3.
Legend
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Available in the University Library


Available in local bookshops
Available on the web
Personal Collection

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