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^ 24

A.

FREE MASON'S

POCKET COMPANION:
CONTAIN ING

A BRIEF SKETCH OF THE HISTORY

oF

MASONRY,
4 (Tronology of Interesting 33bents,
ETC. ETC.

By a Brother of the Apollo Lodge, 711, Oxford.

LONDON:
HENRY wASHBOURNE, SALISBURY squaRE;
CADELL, EDINBURGH;
MILLIKEN AND soN, DUBLIN.
A. L. 5831.

A. d. 1831.

*
JW/m3 S 0.3%

To THE
WoRSHIPFUL MASTERS AND BRETHREN
OF THE

APOLLO AND ALFRED LoDo Es,

OXFORD,
IN

TOKEN

OF

GRATEFUL

REMEMBRANCE

OF MANY INSTANCES
OF FRATERNAL KINDNESS RECEIVED

FROM THEM,

THIS MAN UAL

1s AFFECTIONATELY INscRIBED, BY
THEIR

SINCERE

FRIEND

AND

TRUE BROTHER.

Oxford, December, 1830.

PREFATORY REMARKS.
-Q

THE want of a short and connected

narrative of the history of our excellent

Society has been my reason for publishing
this little manual, and thus venturing
on an undertaking which might be con
sidered presumptuous, was there, among
the many learned and interesting works
on Freemasonry, any one calculated
to supply the disderatum. The history
which Preston's excellent work contains

relates almost entirely to this country,

and is too long for general use; Oliver's
'utiquities again relates to little but the
-

*N
>

W1

Jewish form of Freemasonry, and only

reaches to the building of the Temple.

I have attemptedfeeling nevertheless

the difficulty of the attemptto arrange
consistently all the accounts, so as to
form a short and, I hope, a useful histo
rical sketch from the flood to the present
time.

I have omitted, not to extend the

work to too great a length, much other

wise interesting matteras the history of
the Druids, the Cabiric, Indian, and Per

sian mysteries, which were only branches

of the subject, not necessary to the ideas
I entertain of the progress of the order.
For particulars respecting these, and
many other interesting topics, I refer the
inquisitive Brethren to the works of the
Rev. Brother George Oliver, to whom I

vii

am myself much indebted for his ma

sonic publications; to Preston's Illus
trations; and, among others, to an article
on Masonry in the Encyclopaedia Britan
nica, 1810.

Feeling the imperfections of this ma

nual, I have consolation in considering
that I entrust it to the criticism of Bre

thren who will, in regard to the good

intention of the attempt, excuse the
faults of the execution.

FREE MASON'S

PO CRET

COMPANION.

PART I.

THE origin of the society of Free

masons has been very differently stated;
some writers date it as coeval with the

world; while others, from a desire to in

jure its influence, and deride its preten
sions, represent it as an invention of the
Jesuits to aid their projects. Some again
deduce its origin from Pythagoras, while
others have supposed it to have arisen

during the Crusades, as a secondary order

of chivalry, and that, deriving its birth
from those warlike institutions, it has

been adapted to the more peaceful pur

suits of scientific men. Barruel, animated

with mortal enmity against it, has de

clared it to be a continuation of the order

of Knights Templars, and paints it as

averse to true and established govern
ments, and desirous of levelling all dis
tinctions of rank.
I shall endeavour in this sketch to

show what I consider its real origin and

progress, and to prove that some of these
apparently inconsistent accounts are not
incompatible with each other.
It will be well to premise, that an ex
amination of the different systems of re
ligious mysteries throughout the world,
so far as we have the means of judging of
them, must evince to the inquiring mason
that every one of them contains rites and

ceremonies, emblems and symbols, bear

ing a most powerful similarity to those
used among us. To this subject I only
allude, because it has been examined

with great minuteness by one of our order

with much ingenuity and scholastic re
search. To the works of the Rev. George
Oliver, to whom I am indebted for much

masonic information, and particularly to

his two volumes entitled Signs and
Symbols Illustrated, and The History
of Initiation, I would refer the inquisi
tive mason for amusement and instruc

tion. I quote his conclusion from the

investigation, as it will lead me imme
diately to the point from which I intend
to set out. The antiquity of Freema
sonry may be deduced from the similarity
of our rites to those of the mysteries;
and we can only account for the resem
blance which the ceremonies and doc
trimes of distant nations bear to each

other, by supposing that they were all

derived from some great primitive system
which was practised when all mankind
lived together as a single family. It is
morally impossible, on any other princi

ple, that the same events, perpetuated by

the same ceremonies and symbols, and
the same secret system of communication,
could subsist in nations so widely sepa
rated as to preclude all possibility of in
tercourse between the inhabitants.

Of the history of masonry in the earliest

ages we can know little with certainty;
it is not therefore my purpose to follow
those who write of its existence in the

antediluvian world. That the first pa

rents of mankind were instructed by the
Almighty, as to his existence and attri
butes, and after their fall were further in

formed of the redemption which was to

be perfected by Christ, and as a sign of
their belief, were commanded to offer

sacrifices to God, I fully assent to the

creed of masonry in believing. It is also
highly probable that symbolical actions
should have been instituted by them in
memory of their penitence, reverence, sym
pathy, fatigue, and faith, and that these
might be transmitted to posterity. But
it is not my purpose to relate this part of
of the ancient history of the order.
I pass on to the flood, of which it is to
be observed that every mystical system
on earth contained most striking memo
rials and symbols. After this terrible in
stance of the vengeance of God upon a
sinful world, the families of the three

sons of Noah having become very nu

merous, it was necessary they should
separate, and colonize the different coun
tries appointed by God for their inherit
ance. The pious father of the new
world had received from his ancestors the

principles of religious truth, which he

communicated to his descendants, and

from this source is it that we must trace

those points of similarity in the religious

systems of nations widely differing in
manners, and far distant in habitation.

But these pure doctrines soon became

corrupted, and Nimrod, the rebel son of
Cush, endeavoured to establish himself in

the land of Shinar, instead of going to

his appointed lot. Here he and his fol
lowers built a tower, probably for the
purposes of the Zabian false worship,
which had even then begun, and in
tended to form an empire, that they
might not be scattered over the earth.
But God put a stop to their impious pro
ceedings by the confusion of their lan
guage, and obliged them to separate.
Without following the movements of
any of the other nations, our concern will
be with the Egyptians, their masonry,
and the various modifications introduced

into other countries from Egypt; and also

the state of masonry among the Hebrews.
In Egypt, then, the nearest country to the
place of separation, and the first inhabited
under a regular government, the arts and
Sciences soon began to make great pro
gress and to flourish. Here we very
early discover traces of that mysterious
society, in which operative and specula

tive masonry were combined.

It was

Probably originally composed of operative

masons, of architects, who finding their

talents in request for erecting religious

edifices, sought, by keeping secret the
discoveries in their science which they

made, to gain for themselves honour and

admiration. But the Egyptian priest

hood, a body of men of the highest rank,
and desirous of ruling the people by
superstition, were soon led to join the

society, for the purpose of participating

in the scientific information possessed by

its members. The principal buildings

erected, being of a religious character,
gave them a just plea for joining the
architects, and they soon imparted to
this order a religious appearance, and
connected their philosophy and mytho
logy with the avowed objects of the asso
ciation, whence arose that union of sci

ence and theology found in freemasonry.

The knowledge they possessed they con
cealed from the vulgar, veiling it by a
language of hieroglyphics and symbols,
which greatly assisted in corrupting the
national religion: and they admitted none
to participate in their mysteries without

passing through an ordeal of the most

trying nature.
The aspirant was subjected to all the
horrors of mind, and even pain of body,
which an exposure to the elements could
occasion, before he was admitted to ini
tiation. He was obliged to pass through

chambers of fire, to run the hazard of his

life by a sudden change which threw him
into deep waters, and his brain was con
fused by being whirled rapidly through
the air, by the powerful and appalling
mechanism of the system established by
the conservators of the secrets.

He was

then gradually instructed in the doctrines

which they taught, of the creation of the
world, and the nature of the soul; but
he was not admitted to the highest de
gree of knowledge until he had figura
tively suffered a temporary death, and
had been laid as it were in the chambers

of the grave. This last remarkable cir

cumstance was, in one form or another,

a chief part of the mystical ceremonies in

every system in the world, varying in
degrees of horror and duration, according
to the spirit of the nations to which each
belonged, and represented as figurative of
the loss of some eminent person in every
B

10

case, but all really relating to the en

tombment of the great father of the post
diluvian world in the ark, and pointing
out to the aspirant the certainty of a
future life beyond the grave. Many were
the persons who offered themselves for
initiation into the Egyptian mysteries;
and some failed before they had passed
the preparatory ordeal, for which by the
laws of the mystagogues they were con
demned to confinement for life. But the

system spread widely from Egypt, par

ticularly into Greece, whither, when the
population became too great for the coun
try of the Nile to support, they emigrated
under different leaders, who each carried

with them the mysteries. The princi

pal of these were Inachus in 1970 B.C.,
Cecrops in 1657, Cadmus in 1593, and
Danaus in 1586. About 1500 B.C. Trip
tolemus, son of Celeus, king of Elrusis,
animated with the desire of knowledge,

11

visited Egypt, and sought admission to

the mysteries of Isis and Osiris. He was
admitted as an aspirant, but was unable
to endure the ordeal of fire. Being con
demned to behold no more the light of
day, he determined to endure the trial to
the utmost; and the priests, moved by
his high character and determination,
decided to show him favour by admitting
him to a second trial.

He was successful

and received initiation, and, grateful for

the kindness he had experienced, resolved
on his return to avow his admiration of

their doctrines and justify their confi

dence. He accordingly instructed his
countrymen in the agriculture he had
learnt in Egypt, and, erecting a temple to
Ceres, the Grecian Isis, he instituted the

famous Eleusinian mysteries in honour

of her, on the model of those in which

he had been instructed. The similarity

of these rights to those of our order have

12

been proved already by those who have

inquired into it more fully than my limits
will allow me to do; but I will mention

some of the points in which the resem

blance is striking. The candidates were
obliged to be of a certain age; their cha
racters were strictly scrutinized, and men
of bad repute were rejected: the approved
were prepared for initiation by regular
officers, were bound by most solemn obli
gations to keep secret that which might,
at any time, be intrusted to them, and
were then instructed by significant sym
bols and ceremonies in the principles
professed by the initiated. They were
taught to rule and subdue their passions,
and by the diligence of their progress
and the purity of their conduct to merit
higher degrees of profection in those mys
terious rites, the participators in which
(I quote the words of a Greek orator,
Isocrates Paneg. 6) enjoy sweeter hopes,

13

relating to the end of life, and to all eter

nity. The government of the initiated
was in the hands of three grand officers,
and they had among them many sig
nificant and private words.
Intimately connected with these mys
teries were the Dionysia, in honour of
Bacchus, the Grecian Osiris, whose his

tory is most curious as showing the union

of operative and speculative masonry.
These rites were instituted about the

same time with the Eleusinian, and those

who had been initiated into these last

were qualified without further initiation

to attend the Dionysia, while those who

had been admitted to the rites of Bacchus

were afterwards received into those of

Ceres, as a higher degree. As Bacchus, or
Dionysius, was the greatpatron of theatres,
&c. the workmen engaged in such edifices

were called Dionysiaci, and were initiated

into his mysteries; which, however, it

14

must be remarked, became in later times

noted more for their excess and de

bauchery than any other circumstance.

Long however before this happened, the

Dionysiac masons had spread over great
part of Asia Minor, particularly by the
colonization of Ionia from Attica, about

1000 B.C., whither the Dionysia, as yet

uncorrupted by profligacy, were brought
by the colonists, and masonry soon began
to flourish in that country, and to surpass
in science and splendour the architecture
of the mother country.
The Dionysiac masons received from
the authorities of their land great pri
vileges, having the exclusive right con
ferred on them for erecting temples, thea
tres, and other public buildings within
the jurisdiction of the Ionians. Like
freemasons, they were divided into com
munities or lodges (the names of two,
the lodge of Attalistae, and the lodge of

15

the district of Echinus, are preserved by

Strabo), under command of masters and
wardens, and used in their ceremonies

emblematical jewels very similar to ours;

they had also particular signs and words
to recognize their brethren. They had,
even before the time of their establish

ment in Ionia, been established in other

countries; were known in Egypt, and

settled in Syria, whither they had brought
with them from Persia specimens of that
style which we now call Grecian.
Having traced so far the progress of
those mysteries among the idolatrous
Egyptians and Greeks, we will leave
them for a time and turn to the other

great branch of the subject, masonry

among the Hebrews. If the Heathens,
as there can be no doubt they did, far
excelled the true believers in the science

and practice of architecture and opera

tive masonry, they were no less inferior

16

to them in that true and pure light of

speculative masonry which flourished
among the descendants of Abraham, and
from whom we are proud to claim our
knowledge of the science. While the
Egyptian priests were engaged in form
ing that stupendous system of mystery
which excited the curiosity and moved
the astonishment of all the world, one

solitary family was chosen by the Al

mighty, as the depositary of the know
ledge of his truth, and in whose seed
all the families of the earth should be

blessed. Abraham was called by God

from the land of Ur, his native country,
the inhabitants of which were attached

to the Zabian superstition, the worship

of the host of heaven; and obeying the
summons, he set out with his wife, and
his nephew, Lot, and his household, to
follow the bidding of the Lord. After
many trials of his faith, a son was born

17

to him in his old age, who was promised

as the ancestor from whom the expected
Redeemer should descend. Yet scarcely
was this son grown up when he was
ordered to take him and offer him to
God on Mount Moriah as a sacrifice.

He obeyed, and this his ready compli

ance to the will of the Almighty was
the first grand offering, which is to this
day commemorated among freemasons.
God however was pleased to substitute
a more agreeable victim in the stead of
Isaac, and to reiterate to Abraham his

gracious promises.
Isaac, having married Rebekah, had
two sons, the younger of whom, Jacob,
was assisted by his mother, in the old
age of Isaac, to procure the blessing
which rested upon his house, though of
birthright it belonged to Esau. But he
was no sooner possessed of it, than he
was obliged to flee from his brother's

18
wrath, who threatened to kill him, for

having defrauded him not only of his

birthright but his blessing also; and
Rebekah persuaded Isaac to send him
away to Mesopotamia, to take a wife
from her family. The circumstance
which happened on his first day's journey
is well known, and is the next event

particularly commemorated by usthat

wonderful vision of the ladder reaching
to heaven, with the divinely-commis
sioned angels employed in their bene
volent services to man.

Passing onward in the history, our

next remarkable person is Joseph, who

by his virtue, and by the favour of the

Almighty, was raised to the highest
eminence in the kingdom of Egypt, and
was the means of preserving that country
from the danger of severe famine. The
descent of Jacob and his family into
Egypt followed some little time after

19

this; they received at first great honour,

but after some time another king arose
who knew not Joseph, probably because
he belonged to a different dynasty from
that of the monarch whom Joseph had
served; and he began greatly to oppress
the children of Israel. But the Lord had

prepared a preserver for them, in the per

son of his servant Moses, to whom he

communicated the knowledge of that

name, expressing his eternal attributes;
and under whose conduct he released

his people from bondage with a high

hand and outstretched arm.

And as

they were now to be a peculiar people,

he thought good to give them these most
excellent institutions, the moral, cere

monial, and judicial law; and calling

Moses up into the mount, where he re
mained for forty days, he showed him
the model after which Moses caused
the tabernacle to be erected in the

20

wilderness. Under Moses and Joshua,

who fought the battles of the Lord, and
under the elders who outlived Joshua,

masonry flourished in purity. But they

were no sooner dead, than the people
began to corrupt themselves with idolatry,
and were consequently several times
given over into the hands of their enemies,
from whom, on repentance, they were
delivered by judges whom God raised
up. We pass over these times, and those
of Saul, first king of Israel, and hasten
to approach that most splendid period of
masonic history, when operative and spe
cultive masonry were united among the
Jews.

David, having reigned seven years in

Hebron, was in the year 1048 B. c.
established as king in Jerusalem, in the
38th year of his age. About five years
afterwards a friendly intercourse took
place between him and Hiram, king of

21

Tyre and grand master of the masons

in that part of the world, who were cele
brated for their excellent skill and the
beauty of their workmanship. This prince
sent to David timber and workmen, who

built a palace for him in Jerusalem; and

the following year, feeling it derogatory
to the honour of God, that he himself

should dwell in a palace of cedar, while

the holy ark was only within the cur
tains of the tabernacle, he proposed to
Nathan, the prophet, a question, as to
the propriety of building a house for the
Lord. Nathan however was commanded
to inform him that the Lord would not

allow him to build this house, as he had

been a man of war, and his hands were

defiled with blood, though his devout

intentions were applauded.
In the year 1017 he was unfortunately
tempted to order the people of Israel to
be numbered, which sin drew down the

22

anger of God, and a pestilence raged

among the people, which destroyed great
numbers of them. To appease the wrath
of the Almighty, David, by divine com
mand, built an altar on Mount Moriah,
and offered thereon burnt offerings and
peace offerings, together with many pious
prayers, which caused the destroying
angel to stay his hand: and this is the
second grand offering commemorated by
freemasons. David died two years after
wards, and was succeeded by Solomon,
his son, who immediately sent messengers

to king Hiram, requesting him to pro

vide him with timber and stones for the

temple he was about to erect to the Lord

his God, and with workmen, since the
Sidonians excelled the Israelites in work

manship.
Hiram, piously giving thanks to the
Lord for giving so wise a king to the peo
ple of Israel, answered Solomon kindly,

23

and promised to do all that he had re

quested. And further, in compliance
with Solomons desire that he would send

him a a man cunning to work in gold,

and in silver, and in brass, and in iron,

and in purple, and crimson, and blue, and

that can skill to grave with the cunning
men in Judah and Jerusalem, the king
of Tyre sent to Jerusalem a man who was
fully able to do all that Solomon re
quired.

This was Hiram Abif, the son

of a Tyrian man, and his mother, then a

widow, was of the city of Dan in the tribe
of Naphthali, a worshipper of the true
God, and superior in the power of his
genius and the beauty of his designs to
any architect before or since. Solomon
gladly received him, and appointed him
deputy grand master under himself of the
masons employed on the building. The
system established by these two great
chiefs for ensuring regularity and cor

24
rectness is both excellent in itself and

particularly deserving of the notice of

freemasons. That no confusion might

arise, owing to the great numbers em
ployed, in paying the workmen their just
wages, they were divided into three
classes, according to the degree of pro
fessional knowledge possessed by each.
The first class was that of the apprentices,
the second of fellow-crafts, and the third
masters. Each class had particular signs
and words entrusted to its members, and

different places were assigned for the

payment of each at the stated periods.
They were also divided into companies,
or lodges, of eighty men each, including
a master and two wardens. The numbers
in each class were as follows:

1. Harodim, princes or rulers,

from most experienced mas
.

300

Menat:chim, master masons.

3,300

ters

25

2. Ghiblin or sculptors, Ish Chot

zeb or hewers of stone, and
Benai, builders . . . . 80,000
All these were fellow crafts.

3. The levy out of Israel, who

worked one month in three,
10,000 a month . . . . 30,000
Total number employed 113,600, not
including the Ish Sabbal, or men of bur
den, 70,000 in number, the remains of
the old Canaanites, and not reckoned

among freemasons, being literally slaves

to the workmen.

The workmen were

employed three years in preparing the

materials for the temple. In the quarries
were seven hundred and fifty lodges,
amounting altogether to 60,000 men, in
cluding masters and wardens. In the
forests of Lebanon were four hundred

and twenty lodges, amounting to 33,600.

Thus the whole number employed con
stantly was 93,600, and there were always
C

26

20,000 of the levy out of Israel at rest.

In this manner every thing was prepared
with the greatest nicety, the stones were
all hewn in the quarries, and there
squared, fashioned, marked, and num
bered; and the timber, being cut in the

forests, was there framed, carved, marked,

and numbered also; so that when brought
to Jerusalem there was nothing left to be
done but the arrangement of different

parts. The materials being thus prepared

were carried on floats down to Joppa, and
thence conveyed to Jerusalem on car

riages of curious mechanism provided for

the purpose, there to be put together ac
cording to the plan of the architect. All
being prepared, king Solomon, in the
fourth year of his reign, in the month
Zif, the end of our April, in the year
1012 B.C. laid the foundation of the tem

ple of the Lord on Mount Moriah. And

the house, when it was in building, was

27

built of stone made ready before it was

brought thither; so that there was neither
hammer, nor axe, nor any tool of iron
heard in the house while it was in build

ing. On this point it is to be remarked,

that there was a peculiar idea of the pol
lution of using iron tools in the structure
of a temple; and in the commands of the
Almighty regarding the construction of
the tabernacle and altar, metal tools were

most strongly prohibited. It is not my

purpose to enter into a particular descrip
tion of the temple; many persons of great
research and acquirements have found
great difficulty in laying down any plan,
or drawing any elevation of this great
building, and such an attempt is not im
portant to my subject.
In the year 1005 B.C. in the month

Bul, the end of our October, the temple

was finished; and in the next year, in
the end of September, the people were

28
'assembled at one of the most solemn

religious meetings that ever took place,

being appointed for the dedication of
this the first temple ever built to the true
and living God. It was then that the
third and greatest offering was made on
the same spot already hallowed by the
offerings of Abraham and David before
alluded to, which three are still comme

morated among us. This last offering

was also accepted, being the many costly
presents and pious prayers offered by the
king at the dedication of the house he
had built to Gods service; when the

Almighty was pleased visibly to take pos

session of the sanctuary, dispossessing even
his own ministers, to show that he did so.

The history of the building of the

temple and its dedication have thus been
brought to a conclusion without inter
ruption, or without any reference to a
circumstance of the deepest interest to

29

freemasons, which happened previous to

the cape-stone of the building being cele
brated.

To this event no more than an

allusion can be made; it is one which

at the time made an impression of the
deepest sorrow upon the brethren, and
which must be indelibly imprinted upon
the mind of every master mason.
The consequence of this event, accom
panied as it was by a loss seriously felt
by the brethren, was an alteration in the
structure of the society which exists to
this day. At the same time, the whole
system underwent some revisal under the
command of Solomon, who, being ac
quainted with many of the most famous
systems of mysterious instruction, was
enabled from that knowledge to settle

among the true believers an improved

form of masonic discipline; and from this
point accordingly our present system of
freemasonry is properly to be dated. The

30

initiation, therefore, into the first or

entered apprentice's degree, was made

to partake, in a slighter proportion, of
those trials of physical and moral cou
rage for which the admission into the
ancient and chiefly the Egyptian mys
teries was famous. The second, or fellow

craft's, was rendered interesting by those

scientific instructions and philosophical
lectures which characterised later parts of
the mysteries: though both of these de

grees were made to tend to the glory of

that GOD who had given such wonderful
faculties to them, and to the welfare of
their fellow-creatures. Thus instructed
in morals and science, the third or master

mason's degree led them to that great

truth which the sublimest part of even

the heathen mysteries, though it too sel

dom succeeded, was intended to teach:
and the faithful believer was assured of

a future life, and immortality beyond the

31

grave. And whereas the heathens had

taught this only by the application of a
fable to their purpose; the wisdom of the
pious grand master of the Israelitish
masons took advantage of a real cir
cumstance which would more forcibly
impress the sublime truths he intended
to inculcate upon the minds of all
brethren.

Such is a brief outlineintel

ligible, I trust, to the members of the

orderof that beautiful system which,
then established, has long been the ad
miration of the world, and has stood the

test of ages amid every persecution.

But the true religion was unhappily
not destined to hold its ground long un
corrupted. The death of Solomon was
immediately succeeded by the revolt of
the ten tribes and the formation of the

kingdom of Israel, of whose monarchs

the sentence is, without one exception,

that they did evil in the sight of the

32

Lord.

And though the kingdom of

Judah was sometimes more fortunate,

yet even then, in spite of the pious ex

ertions of such men as Asa, Hezekiah,

and Josiah, the people not only com

mitted numberless errors, but also ran

into every kind of sin and wickedness,

by which the Almighty, being offended,
denounced his sore judgments against
them by the mouths of his prophets, pro
nouncing to them that their land should
be made barren and their city desolate,
and themselves and their posterity suffer
the severity of his wrath by seventy years'
captivity in Babylon. If we inquire
what were the great sins, idolatry or
treason against God was the chief which
brought down these threatenings upon
them: and we have only to look to the
book of the prophet Ezekiel, chap. viii.
to be struck by those deviations from
true masonic principles and laws with

33

which they polluted themselves.

The

abominations which were disclosed to the

prophet, as practised by the ancients of

his people, and by the women, were
those horrible mysteries celebrated in
honour of Tammuz or Adonis, actions of

the grossest and most depraved idolatry.

At length, however, the long suffering of
God was wearied out, and the threatened

vengeance fell upon his guilty people;

they were carried away into captivity by
Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, in
the year 606 B. c. in the third year of
Jehoiakim, king of Judah.
This long-threatened punishment of
the guilty Jews was of the greatest ad
vantage, and produced some most bene
ficial effects upon other nations, and con
tributed to the spreading of truer notions
of God, and to the dissemination of more
perfect masonry among the heathens;
which we shall now proceed to inquire

34

into. In the year 610 B. c. four years

before the Babylonish captivity began,
Jeohahaz, king of Judah, was carried
captive into Egypt by Pharoah Necho;
and at this time Thales of Miletus was in

that country, in search of knowledge.

Struck by the remarkable history of the
Jews, he made inquiry concerning their
doctrines. From them he acquired more
just and true notions than he had before
entertained; and returning to Miletus,
he founded the Ionic sect there, being
the first Greek who taught a regular
system of philosophy, and left a succession
of disciples to maintain it. He taught
that the world was not eternal, but made

by God out of water; and that, being

Gods workmanship, it was infinitely good
and perfect, and that the universe was
filled with spirits who minister to the
welfare of men. He taught the provi
dence of God and his eternal essence.

35

From the Egyptians, plunged into hiero

glyphic ignorance, he could never have

learnt such ideas; the Jews are the only

people from whom he could have ac
quired them.

But one even more extraordinary than

Thales undoubtedly received from the

Jews the elements of his philosophy.
This was Pythagoras, from whom many
are willing to trace that system of ma
sonry of which, in fact, his was but a
scion. He travelled, in the year 563, to
Palestine and Syria, on a journey in
search of wisdom and truth. From Pales

time, then in a state of desolation, he went

to Egypt, and remained there twenty-two

years. He was admitted into all the
most secret mysteries of the Egyptian
priests, and is said to have been in danger
of his life in the initiation; yet his ardent
mind was not satisfied.

He had met in

Egypt with some of the Jews who with

36

Jeremiah had fled thither from Jerusa

lem, and he desired to know more of the
doctrines into which he had then obtained

only a little insight. For this purpose he

went to Babylon, in the year 541 B.C.,
where he became acquainted with Daniel.
This prophet, at the time Pythagoras
came to Babylon, had not the same high
rank under Belshazzar as he had had

under Nebuchadnezzar, and afterwards

under Cyrus. But in a short time, Bel

shazzar having been killed, and the Medo
Persian empire established, Darius ap
pointed Daniel president of the empire
and, under himself, grand master of the
masons in the whole Persian dominions.

By Daniel, then, the Samian philosopher

was initiated in pure freemasonry, and,
pleased with the system under which the
lodges in that country were arranged, he

determined to establish a similar society

at home. On his return, however, to

37

Samos, after a residence of twelve years

in Babylon, having witnessed the return
of the Jews to their own land, he was

dissatisfied with the state of political

affairs in that island, and settled at

Crotona, in Magna Graecia, in the south

of Italy, where he established his lodge,
called the Italic school. In this system
there were two or three different degrees
of perfection, to be obtained only by dili
gence, patience, and perseverance. The
initiated were bound to secrecywere
entrusted with private signs, words, and
tokenswere bound to consider and treat

as brethren all their fellows in the lodge,

and to keep a watch of the most rigid

purity over their conduct. He taught the

eternal essence and unity of the Creator
of the world, and acknowledged no other

god but one. The name of this being he

gave as a mystery to his disciples, and
described the deity in the same word as

38

the Jews, signifying the self-existent.

He inculcated the necessity of pure wor
ship, and taught the doctrines of a pecu
liar providence, of the immortality of the
soul, and incorporeality of the deity.
These doctrines he learnt from the Jews,
and his mode of inculcating them, by
signs and symbols, leaves no room to
doubt of the connection of his system
with freemasonry.
To return again to the Jews. In the
year 536 B. c. the seventy years captivity
being expired, and the anger of the Lord
being appeased, he stirred up the heart
of Cyrus, king of Persia and Babylon,
who accordingly issued his royal procla
mation, saying, The Lord God of heaven
hath given me all the kingdoms of the
earth; and he hath charged me to build
him a house at Jerusalem, which is in
Judah. Who is there among you of all
his people? his God be with him, and

39

let him go up to Jerusalem, which is in

Judah, and build the house of the Lord
God of Israel (He is the God), which is
in Judah.

And whosoever remaineth

in any place where he sojourneth, let the

men of his place help him with silver,
and with gold, and with goods, and with
beasts, besides the freewill offering for
the house of God which is in Jerusalem.

On this proclamation the Jews left Baby

lon, under the conduct of Zerubbabel,
son of Shealtiel, the lineal descendant of

the princely house of Judah, attended

by Joshua the high priest, Haggai the
prophet, and Ezra the scribe, and re
turned to their own land. In the seventh

month of the same year the altar of the

Lord was erected, and burnt offerings
were sacrificed on it; and the feast of

tabernacles was kept according to the

law of Moses. Men were also employed,

according to the permission of Cyrus, to

40

cut cedars in Lebanon, and bring them by

sea to Joppa. In the beginning of the
second year the foundation of the second
temple was laid by Zerubbabel, the
grand master of the Jewish masons,
assisted by Joshua the high priest, as
senior grand warden, with great rejoicing
and praise to God. But some of the
elder men, who remembered the glory of
the former temple, could not refrain from
tears when the foundation of this second

house was laid, so that the people could

not discern the noise of the shout of joy
from the noise of the weeping of the
people.
But before the foundation of the tem

ple was laid a great discovery was made,

which gave unmixed joy to the grand
master and his masonic brethren, by the
reparation of a loss which had been
seriously deplored for nearly five hundred
years. It is impossible here to explain

41
what that loss was which had been so

grievously felt by the brethren, or what

the discovery was which now filled them
with gratitude to the Almighty. The seed
sown in tears was now reaped in
joy, and the consequence was an im
portant addition to the order, now in

grafted upon it, in memory of the zeal

and fidelity by which the discovery was
made.
But the malice of the enemies of Israel

permitted not the gracious intentions of

Cyrus to be fulfilled at this time. The
Jews were maligned, and the building
of the house of God was stopped for fif
teen years, until the second year of king
Darius, the year 520 B.C. Haggai the
prophet now arose by the commands of
God and severely rebuked the Jews for
ceasing from their pious work, and per
mitting the house of the Lord to lie waste,
while they themselves were dwelling in
D

42
ceiled houses.

He threatened them

with the wrath of the Almighty if they

continued their neglect, and comforted

those who had wept at the apparent dif

ference of the two temples, by assuring
them that God, if he chose, could make

this house as splendid as the former, for

the silver and the gold was his; and
that the Lord of Hosts had destined that

the glory of this latter house should be

greater than that of the former, and in
this place he would give peace, by the
coming of the desire of all nations
the promised Redeemer. By these ex
hortations of Haggai, accompanied by

the prophecies of Zechariah, the work

was recommenced and the attempts of
the enemies were unavailing, for the
Jews now applied to Darius the king,
who caused search to be made among
the archives of the kingdom, and finding
the decree of Cyrus, he confirmed it

43

anew, and forbad any interruption to be

occasioned to the pious work. On this
the building continued with great spirit
from the year 519 until the year 515, in
the twelfth month, when, all being com
pleted, the dedication was solemnised
with great joy, and the passover kept
the first month of the ensuing year, ac

cording
to the law of God given
by
Moses.
M .
From the zealous masons, who at this

time assisted in the building of the se

cond temple, were descended a remark
able body of men, little known or men
tioned, who with some peculiarities of a
reprehensible nature, from which no so

cieties can be free, preserved among them

the secrets of masonry. These were the
sect of the Essenes, whose customs have
been much examined by other writers, but

of whom I purpose to say no more than

will prove their identity with freemasons,

44
at least to brethren.

The characters of

candidates were scrutinised, and if they

were approved they were admitted as
novices; at the expiration of the term of
probation they were presented with white
garments, and bound by solemn obliga
tions not to divulge the secrets they should
be taught, nor make any innovations on
the doctrines of the society, but to preserve
the old land-marks. They were divided
into lodges, into which they admitted no
women; and in their meetings the brethren
were orally instructed, and particular signs
of recognition and symbols for instruc
tion were used among them. It may be
objected that the Essenes were not archi
tects; but to this it may be answered,
that there are many freemasons also who
have no connection with architecture, yet
the society to which they belong sprang
from architecture in the beginning; and
this science is one of those, the study of

45

which is particularly encouraged amongst

us.

But of the Essenes it is also to

be remarked, that from their order pro

ceeded many of those noble characters
who, under the name of Kasideans, as
sisted Judas Maccabeus in his defence

of the holy temple; a brotherhood bound

strongly together to preserve that build
ing which their predecessors had laboured
to rear.

Of the history of our order, however, at

this period, and for some time afterwards,
we know but little; but we are well
assured of its existence at the time of the

coming of our Lord upon earth, when it

received the assistance of those two great
lights, who are to this day commemorated
in our lodges in gratitude for the kindness
received from them.

We have reason to

believe that the secrecy of our order was

often useful to conceal, and its universal
benevolence to preserve, Christian pro

46

fessors, in the early ages of the church,

from the malice of their bitter enemies;
and it is certain that there are to be

found in the writings of the fathers many

allusions of an undoubtedly masonic
character.

PART II.

WE have thus traced the progress of

freemasonry up to the time when Chris
tianity was first propagated in the world:
we have observed the modification of it,
adapted though it were to the purposes of
idolatrous worship, in the stupendous
mysteries of Egypt, travelling thence to
Greece, under the form of the Eleusinian
rites, and appearing to animate the Dio
nysiac masons. We have observed it in
its speculative character among the wor
shippers of the true God in Judea, till
the period when the union of operative
and speculative masonry took place at
the building of the temple, from whence
wedate our present system. We have seen
it supporting the Jews in their captivity,
and spreading by their means its benign
influence towards the west, in the schools

48

of Thales and Pythagoras; and again

reviving at the restoration under Zerub
babel, when a new and important addition
was made to it: finally pervading the
system of the Essenes, and often assisting
in the preservation of the Christian pro
fessors.

It remains that we trace it from

this point to the present time, in which

task some nicety will be required, as to
wards the latter part the information is
very full, and much therefore must be
omitted.

In the reign of Theodosius, at the

beginning of the fifth century, the Gre
cian mysteries, which had become cor
rupted and polluted by the grossest pro
fligacy, were suppressed by an edict of
the emperor; yet they were still privately
practised as late as the eighth century,
though many improvements were made
in them, and they were greatly freed
from their impurities. Meantime, there

49

is no doubt that operative masonry flou

rished in many countries, though its con
nection with the speculative freemasons
is very questionable. In Britain, we are
informed that St. Alban, the first martyr
for Christianity in this country, was a
great patron of the masons, and procured
leave from the king or emperor Carausius
for a general meeting or assembly to be
held by them, and higher wages to be
given them. But we have no good reason,
I think, to believe that these masons had

much connection with our fraternity, nor

that freemasonry was introduced into
Britain before the time of St. Austin,

who, with forty more monks, among

whom the sciences were preserved, was
commissioned by Pope Gregory to bap
tize Ethelbert, king of Kent. About this
time appeared those trading associations
of architects who travelled over Europe,
patronised by the See of Rome. The

50

difficulty of obtaining expert workmen

for the many pious works raised at that
time in honour of religion made it pru
dent to encourage, by peculiar privileges,
those bodies of men, who had devoted

themselves to the study and practice

of architecture. Accordingly they were
allowed to have their own government
without opposition, and no others were
permitted to work on any building with
which they were concerned. They were
under regular command, divided into
lodges, with a master and wardens in each,
and dwelt in an encampment near the
building they were employed to erect.

It is not in my power to trace the pro

gress of these lodges of masons in any
connected history, but I will proceed with
the accounts we have of the masons in

England from the time of St. Austin.

By them the old cathedral of Canterbury

was built in 600; St. Paul's, London,604;

51

and St. Peter's, Westminster, 605; with

many others. In the year 680some more
expert brethren from France were formed
into a lodge, under the direction of
Bennet, abbot of Wirral, who was ap
pointed superintendant of the masons by
Kinred, king of Mercia. From this time,
however, little is known of the fraternity,
until the year 856, when St. Swithin was
the superintendant, appointed by Ethel
wolf, from which time it gradually im
proved till the year 872, when king Alfred
took the command of it. Upon his death,
in 900, when Edward succeeded to the

throne, and Ethred, prince of Mercia,

patronised the society, Edward was suc
ceeded, in 924, by his son, Athelstan,
whose brother, Edwin, procured from the
king a charter for the masons, by which
they were empowered to meet annually in
a general assembly, and to have power to
regulate their own order. And, according

52

to this charter, the first grand lodge of

England met at York, in 926. But here it
is to be remarked that the grand lodge is
not to be understood as the same in those

times that it is now; it was not then

restricted to the masters and wardens of

private lodges, but was open to as many

of the fraternity as could attend: for,
until late years, the grand lodge as now
constituted did not exist, but there was

but one family of masons; and any suf

ficient number of masons met together,
with the consent of the civil magistrate, to
practise the rites of masonry, without
warrant of constitution as a lodge.
On the death of prince Edwin, Athel
stane himself presided over the lodges;
but after his decease we know little of

the state of the masons in Britain, ex

cept that they were governed by Dunstan,

archbishop of Canterbury, in 960, and
Edward the Confessor in 1041.

But in

33

1066 William the Conquerer appointed

Gondulph, bishop of Rochester, to preside
over the society. In 1100 Henry the First
patronised them; and in 1135, during
the reign of Stephen, the society was
under the command of Gilbert de Clare,

marquis of Pembroke.
From the year 1155 to 1199, the fra
ternity was under the command of the
grand master of the knights templars;
and this being the first opportunity I
have had of mentioning this singular
order, I shall now leave the history of
masonry, strictly so called, for a time,
and, as briefly as the interest of the sub
ject will permit, relate the origin, pro
gress, and persecution of this military
society. This order, as well as that of the
hospitalers, or knights of St. John, origin
ated in the union of some monks and

knights with the view to assist and pro

tect the Christian pilgrims who visited the

54

holy city. The templars were founded

in Syria, at the close of the eleventh
century, by Hago de Pagenis, Geoffrey
de St. Omer, and a few other knights,
avowedly for this purpose, and for the
defence of the holy sepulchre. But be
sides this object, which they ever con
tinued to seek, shedding their best blood
in defence of the religion they professed,
there were other bonds which united

them so strongly together, that the bre

thren of this order, on their admission, lost
their individual character, and seemed as

it were to live for their society and its

objects alone. These knights were all
freemasons; from some of the Syrian
Christians who had yet retained the mys
teries of the craft they received their
initiation, and no one was admitted into
the templars' society before he had been
prepared-by reception into the three de
grees of masonry. But the jealousy of

55

the Roman pontiffs of any thing which

was to be kept secret from them was the
bar to this motive of their meeting being
avowed; therefore, under the protection
of their pious charity and gallant bearing,
they were enabled to continue the prac
tice of their mysterious ceremonies un
disturbed. This fact is undisputed, and
indeed the templars have been accused
of masonry, and masons taunted with
their descent from the knights. We
glory in the charge; we are proud to
think that we have received our rites

through the hands of those zealous de

fenders of Christianity, than whom a
more noble or gallant body of men were
never linked together by the bonds of
brotherhood, or persecuted by the bitter
est malignity of avarice and jealousy.
These were the men who, returning
from the holy land, brought with them
the true principles of freemasonry, and,

56

patronising the operative branch also,

re-established the order on its true basis.
It is not intended to assert that there was

no speculative masonry in Europe before

this time; the contrary has been ex
pressly declared, but the templars re
stored, in many particulars, parts of the
ceremonies, which had become corrupted,
to their proper form.
Baldwin, king of Jerusalem, who came
to that throne in 1118, gave to the
knights a part of the royal palace attached
to the temple, as their residence, and in
1128 the order was confirmed by the
council of Troyes, and soon rose into
great power and dignity. They came into
England in the beginning of Stephen's
reign, and in 1155 we see them openly
taking the patronage of the masons. It
is not my intention to proceed through
out the history of the crusades in this
account of the templars, suffice it to

57

say that a considerable body of them

were engaged in the wars in Palestine,
while the rest were established in their

preceptories in different parts of Europe.

But in the year 1291, the end of the last
crusade arrived; the spirit which had led
kings and nobles to the holy land had
nearly expired, for experience had shown
the insecurity of any possessions there,
and the Roman See no longer found it

of advantage to encourage it. In the

year above named, the only place left
to the Christians was Acre, which was

strictly besieged by the Mamelukes, and

vainly defended by the two grand masters
of the templars and hospitalers. Peter
de Beaujeux, commander of the former,
was slain, and scarcely any of either
order escaped from the massacre when
the city was taken. Seven only of the
hospitalers escaped and sailed for Cy
prus, and scarcely more of the templars,
p.

58

who had first taken refuge in the moun

tains, fled afterwards to the same island,
where they were joined immediately by
their brethren from every preceptory in
Europe. The pope in vain attempted to
urge the nobles of christendom to a new
crusade, and at length finding all hope
of the recovery of the holy land had
vanished, the hospitalers took possession
of Rhodes, and the templars, under their
new grand master, Jaques de Molai, re
turned to their preceptories in Europe.
But they soon had reason to repent of
not having followed the example of the
knights of St. John; for they now were
about to undergo a persecution, which,
for the savage barbarity of the authors and
the noble deportment of the sufferers,
has perhaps no parallel in history. Philip
the Fair, having already plundered the
Jews, now cast his eyes upon the rich
possessions of the templars; his avarice

69

was assisted also by revenge against them

for the part they had taken with pope
Boniface VIII. against him. It was
necessary to find, however, some charges
against them, and, as they were consti
tuted by authority of a council, to have
the same ecclesiastical authority for dis
solving the order. Some of the knights
were persuaded to make accusations
against the order, of Mahometanism,
treachery to the Christian cause, murder,
and idolatry. These charges, when re
ported to the pope, Clement W., were pro
nounced by him to be incredible and im
possible; yet he summoned the grand
master, then in Cyprus, to France, to
consult him on a proposed union between
his order and the hospitalers. Molai

obeyed, and in April, 1307, defended his

order from the charges. But the inten
tion of destroying them was evident, and
he accordingly took measures for per

60

petuating the order in case of his de

cease.

On the 13th of October, Philip, having

arranged his plans, ordered all the knights
templars in France to be seized on the
same day. They were accused of the
different crimes, and examined by the
grandinquisitor of Paris. Life, freedom,
and fortune were promised to all who
would accuse their brethren: many died
on the rack, refusing to confess any
crimes; many who survived were lim

prisoned for life; but a few were induced,

by the violence of the tortures, to con
fess. Clement was at first indignant at
Philip acting thus, without the authority
of the church, but was appeased, and the
persecution continued. Molai himself
was tortured, and was afterwards asserted

to have confessed; but when brought

again before the council he denied abso

lutely the fact, nor could any torture again

61

bring from him anything derogatory to the

character of the order.

The conduct of

other knights was most exemplary; ap

pealing to the blood they had shed for the
religion of Christ, and the purity of their
lives. Some who had confessed partially
under torture retracted their confessions,

declaring the pains only had induced

them to commit such a sin, and died at

the stake, protesting the innocence of

their order, and declaring their forced
confession had caused them more torture
than the rack or the flames.

The papal bull for inquiring into the

conduct of the templars was executed
with similar results in other parts of
France; but in other countries, except

Italy, Sicily, and Provence, where the

pope's influence was great, they were
honourably acquitted; as in Cyprus, where
they had long and often resided, in Ger
many, and in Spain. In England, Philip

62

had persuaded Edward II., against his

own conviction, to imprison the templars,
to the number of two hundred or more,

and in 1309 they were tried. Most of them

denied the foul charges brought against
them, and William de la Moore, the grand
prior, emulated the zeal of Molai in
his defence of the order. The charges
could not be proved, yet the commis
sioners feared to acquit them; and at
length being threatened with the punish
ment of heresy, many confessed this crime,
and were absolved by the archbishop of
Canterbury. But De la Moore, refusing
to confess that of which he was not

guilty, was confined for life, though the

king allowed him a small pension, and
on his death, shortly after, caused it to
be paid to his family. The rest, after be
ing some time imprisoned, were released
before the council of Vienna met in 1311.

At this ecclesiastical assembly, after fur

63

ther investigation, and more cruelties

practised on the unfortunate knights, the
pope, in March, 1312, read the bull dis
solving the order, and excommunicating
all who should hereafter join it. The
estates were confiscated, part were seized
by Philip, and the rest given to the order
of St. John, after heavy sums had been
paid to the Roman See. This persecu
tion, which lasted five years and a half,
at length received its finishing stroke by
the death of Jaques de Molai, the grand
master.

This last scene of the mournful

tragedy took place in March, 1313, when

the grand master, Guy of Dauphiny, and
two others, were brought before the com
missioners on a scaffold, where a pile of
wood was placed, and threatened with
death, if they did not confirm the con
fessions said to have been extorted from

them by former tortures. The other two

confessed, but Molai and Guy steadily

64

refused, and were the same day burnt,

the grand master protesting his inno
cence of every crime, except having
charged his brethren with vice. He died
bearing testimony to the virtue of his
order, and bitterly lamenting his former
weakness.

But the order was not abolished; se

cretly it continued to exist, and still does

exist, and has numbered among its com
manders some of the noblest names in

the history of Europe. In Scotland, where

only two had been examined, it still pri
vately flourished, as well as in France;
and in the first-mentioned country this

order, and the masonry which it pa

tronised, had a secure asylum amid the
storms which desolated the continent.

I have thus at some length, though I

*not unnecessarily, related the public
*y of the order of knights templars,

* now return to the

point which I

65

left of the history of masonry in Eng

land.

In 1199 Peter de Colechurch was ap

pointed grand master, and the society
continued to increase and flourish in the

successive reigns of Henry III., Edward I.,

Edward II., and Edward III.

This last

prince revised the constitutions of the

order, and appointed deputies to super
intend the fraternity, one of whom was
William a Wykeham, afterwards bishop
of Winchester. He continued grand
master under the reign of Richard II.,
was succeeded by Thomas Fitz Allen,
earl of Surrey, in Henry IV.'s reign, and
on Henry W.s accession, Chichely, arch
bishop of Canterbury, presided over the
society. We have records of a lodge
held at Canterbury, under his patronage,
where Thomas Stapylton was master, and
the names of the wardens and other

brethren are given. This was in 1429,

66

four years after an act of parliament,

passed early in the reign of Henry VI.,
against the meetings of the society,
which was caused by the enmity of
cardinal Beaufort, bishop of Winchester,
towards Humphrey, duke of Gloucester,
the king's uncle, a great patron of the
craft.

But this act was never enforced,

and in 1442 the king was himselfinitiated,

and he patronised the society.
In the meantime, under the auspices of
James I. of Scotland, masonry flourished
in that country. It had been nursed,
during the wars which ravaged Europe,
in the humble village of Kilwinning, in
the west of the country; from whence it
at length burst forth, and communicated
its light to the lodges in the south. The
records of this lodge actually go back to
the beginning of the fifteenth century,
as also do those of a lodge in or near
Edinburgh. And about this time the

67

Scottish king appointed a fee to be paid

by every master to the grand master, who
was chosen by the grand lodge. James II.

of Scotland made the grand mastership

hereditary, and conferred it on the St.
Clairs of Roslin, in which family it con
tinued till 1736, when the then repre
sentative of the family, being old and
childless, resigned it into the hands of
the grand lodge, then first established on
its present footing, by whom he was re
elected grand master for life. Here it is
to be observed, and the remark (to which
allusion has been made before) extends
to England as well as Scotland, that the
grand lodge was not formerly, as now,
composed of masters and wardens only,
but was open to all such brethren as
could attend at the stated periods, under
a regular head, elected and installed on
the occasion; and the brethren met under
the authority of the civil magistrate, in

68

such places as best suited them, governed

by those who had sufficiently advanced
in the art, without warrants of constitu

tion in lodges.
During the civil wars in England ma
sonry declined, but on the accession of
Henry VII., in 1485, it revived again,
under the patronage of the grand master
of the order of St. John, at Rhodes, who,
in 1500, chose king Henry their pro
tector. In 1502 this king presided in
person in a lodge of master masons, and
proceeded in ample form to lay the
foundation of the chapel, at the east end
of Westminster Abbey, which bears his
name.

The fraternity continued to flourish in

the next reigns, and in the reign of Eliza
beth, about 1550, Sir Thomas Sackville,
then grand master, assembled the general
lodge at York, which is said to have
roused the jealousy of the queen, and

69

she intended to break up the meeting,

but being informed that they did not
meddle with politics, she withdrew her
orders, and permitted them to meet
unmolested.

Sackville was succeded

by Sir Thomas Gresham, in the south,

who built the Royal Exchange, and by
Francis Russell, earl of Bedford, in the
north.

Masonry continued to prosper in the

next reign, under Inigo Jones, as grand
master, till 1618, when the earl of Pem
broke succeeded him, and after some
more changes, Jones again was elected,
and continued to preside till his death, in
1646. But the civil war again obstructed

the progress of the order, until the

Aestoration, when it revived under the

auspices of Charles II. We must here

observe that there is no ground at all for

believing, as professor Robison asserts,

that the rituals of masonry were adapted

70

to the purposes of the cavaliers, although

it be proudly acknowledged that the
murdered king was a member of the
fraternity, any more than there is credit
to be placed in the directly opposite no
tion, that from some of its emblems it was

made use of by the republicans to pro

pagate their levelling system. Both of
these ideas are equally groundless, and
alike derived only from the malignity
which would injure what it cannot ap
preciate.
In 1663 the earl of St. Alban's was

elected grand master, who appointed

Mr. (afterwards Sir Christopher) Wren
his deputy, which office he held until
1685, when he was himself appointed to

the grand chair. During his deputyship

he erected many noble buildings, par
ticularly the cathedral of St. Paul's. The
short reign of James II. was not favour
able to the order of masons, nor did it

71

begin again to revive for many years.

King William III. was initiated privately
in 1695, and approved the choice of Sir
Christopher Wren as grand master, but
shortly after, and during the whole reign
of queen Anne, the society decreased
gradually, for the grand master's age
prevented his attending regularly, and
the annual feasts were neglected.
On the accession, therefore, of George I.
the masons in London determined to re

vive, if possible, the grand lodge and the

communications of the society under a
new grand master, Sir Christopher Wren
being dead. In February, 1717, accord
ingly, the only four lodges then existing
in London met, and voting the oldest
master mason, constituted themselves a

grand lodge, and on St. John Baptist's

day, meeting again, they elected Anthony
Sayer, Esq. grand master, and he was
regularly installed by the grand master

72
who had before been voted into the chair.

The alteration just alluded to was at this

time made in the constitution of the

grand lodge, which was now to consist

of the masters and wardens of regular

lodges, which should have vested in them

the privilege of assembling as masons
(hitherto unlimited) by authority of a
warrant from the grand master for the ,
time being, granted on petition. But in
compliment to the brethren who formed
this grand lodge, they were authorised
to meet without any warrant, in virtue of
their immemorial rights. Of the four
lodges thus privileged two only now exist;
and these circumstances will account for

no lodge, except these two, being of older

date than 1717.

Mr. Sayer was succeeded by George

Payne, esq., in 1718, who collected all
the records of the society, by which means
some copies of the old gothic constitutions

73

were produced and arranged. In 1719

Dr. Desaguliers was grand master, and
by his activity the order made great pro
gress, and at the feast of his installation
the custom of drinking healths was first
introduced. In the next year, under
Mr. Payne again, the fraternity sustained
a great loss by the burning of some
valuable manuscripts, by some too scru
pulous brethren, and next year the duke
of Montague was proposed for, and ac
cepted the chair of grand master.
In the meantime the society continued
to flourish in the north of England, un
affected by the temporary declension in
the south; and the general assembly or
grand lodge met at York, as before, under
the direction of Sir George Tempest and

other gentlemen of that part of the coun

try. For many years the most perfect
harmony existed between the two grand
lodges; the northern, however,being dis
F

74

tinguished by the title of the Grand Lodge

of all England, while the southern is
only called the Grand Lodge of England.
But this soon acquired great power and
influence, while the other gradually de
clined.

It is painful to be obliged to state that

this harmony was soon interrupted by
the imprudence of the grand lodge in
London, who were accused of making
some innovations in the order, and who,

without proper inquiry, granted a warrant

to a lodge which had seceded from the
grand lodge in York. A fresh cause of
complaint was afforded in 1734, when
lord Crawford, grand master of the south,
constituted two lodges within the York
district, and appointed deputy grand
masters in the north without the consent

of the grand lodge in York. The conse

quence of this breach was that the grand
lodges of Scotland and Ireland refused

75
to have communication with that in Lon

don, and this coolness continued for many

years.
But a worse division than this took

place in 1739, in the rise of the society

calling themselves ancient masons,
from the following circumstances. The
grand lodge in London having passed
some laws to discourage irregular meet
ings of masons, and having imprudently

acquiesced in the measures adopted by the

regular masons to distinguish such as were
initiated in irregular lodges, the seceders,
taking these measures as a pretext, an
nounced independency, and propagated
an opinion that the ancient tenets of ma
sonry were deserted by the grand lodge,
and that they only preserved the ancient
customs. Therefore, designating the regu
lar lodges as modern masons, and calling
themselves the ancient, they pretended
to the sanction of the York constitution,

76

and without any authority from that

grand lodge, formed committees, held

communications, and by these pretexts

gained the confidence of the Irish and

Scotch lodges, and the patronage of many
gentlemen unacquainted with the real
circumstances. Proceedings were taken
against them in 1754, and in 1777 it was
enacted, by the grand lodge, that those
persons who met in the character of
ancient masons, said to be then under
the patromage of the duke of Athol, should
not be encouraged by any regular lodge,
or visited by any regular mason, under
pain of expulsion. But this was not
meant to apply to the lodges of Ireland,
Scotland, or foreign countries under their
own grand lodges, nor to the grand lodge
in York, whose independence was fully
admitted by that in London.
This unfortunate schism in the order

continued, with many different circum

77

sumstances which I pass over, until the

year 1810, when, on the prince of Wales
becoming regent, and, in consequence,
resigning the grand mastership, his royal
highness the duke of Sussex was elected
in his stead. One of the greatest wishes
of the new grand master was to unite the
society again, and his good intentions
were at length fulfilled, by the resigna
tion of the office of grand master of the
ancient masons by the duke of Athol,
who had held it since 1772, and the
election of the duke of Kent, who had

been under that constitution, and who,

on his installation, professed his sole
motive for accepting it was the hope
of uniting the two bodies of masons.
Accordingly, on the 1st of December,
1813, articles of union were agreed to,
and signed by the two grand masters
and the brethren whom each had chosen
as his counsellors on the occasion. And

78
on the 27th of the same month this

reunion was happily effected, at Freema

sons' Hall, under the two grand masters,
and the grand lodge of the united ancient
free and accepted masons of England
constituted, and the duke of Sussex
elected grand master.
I brought this branch of the history
to a conclusion before I took any notice
of the other and more prosperous circum
stances of the order which happened in
the meantime.

This I shall now do, as

briefly as may be, and subjoin at the end

a list of the grand masters of England,

compiled from Preston and Oliver.
In 1726 the masons of Wales attached

themselves to the grand lodge of England,

and the office of provincial master was
instituted soon after. The society was
introduced into India, in 1728, and the

grand lodge of America constituted, by

warrant from London, in 1735; and that

79

of Holland, at Hamburgh, in the same

year.

In 1738 the Book of Constitutions

was published; the grand lodge of Prussia

constituted under the Scotch constitution,
and has ever since flourished in that

country; and in 1774 the grand lodge of

Antigua was established by warrant from
the grand lodge of England.
Correspondence was opened with the
grand lodge of France in 1768; with that
of Holland in 1770; and that of Berlin in

1776.

On the 1st of May, 1775, the

foundation-stone of the Freemasons' Hall

was laid, and the building was opened

and dedicated in solemn form on the

23d of May, 1776, lord Petre being then

grand master.
In 1779 a correspondence was estab
lished with the grand lodge of Ger
many; and in 1782 an attempt was made
to open one with those of Scotland and
Hreland; this was not then effected, but

80

in 1803 explanations were made to the

grand lodge of Scotland regarding the
schism in England, in consequence of
which, two years after, the wished for
union was accomplished. And in 1808
the same gratifying proposals were made
from Ireland, and accepted with cordi
ality. Meantime the same brotherly
communication had been instituted with

Sweden in 1799, and Prussia in 1805.

While these friendly communications

with foreign brethren were going on,
masonic benevolence, ever privately exer
cised, had made a public exertion in
favour of the children of deceased bre

thren at home, in the establishment of the

charity for female children, in 1788; of

the masonic society for the relief of sick,
lame, or distressed brethren, and their

widows, children, or orphans, in 1799.

In the year 1816 freemasonry was revived
in Russia, under the patronage of the

81

emperor, and communications forwarded

from the grand lodge at St. Petersburgh
to that in London.

My object in this part of the sketch of

masonry has been only to mention the
public concerns of the order, and I have
not therefore said anything of the dif
ferent buildings, processions, and dedica
tions which occupy so large a part of
Prestons History. Those who are curious
on these parts will find much interesting
matter in that work, but to have inserted
more than I have done would have far

passed the limits I have prescribed for

myself. I shall conclude, therefore, with
a list of the grand masters in England
from Preston and Oliver, beginning with
St. Austin, in 597.

LIST OF GRAND MASTERS.

A. D.

597 Austin the monk.

680 Bennet, abbot of Wirral.
856 St. Swithin.

872 King Alfred.

900 Ethred, prince of Mercia.

926
928
957
1041

Edwin, brother of Athelstane.

Athelstane.
Dunstan, archbishop of Canterbury
Edward the Confessor.

1066 Gondulph, bishop of Rochester.

1100 Henry I.

1135 Gilbert de Clare, marquis of Pembroke.

1155 The grand master of the templars.

1199 Peter de Colechurch.

1216 Peter de Rupibus, bishop of Winchester

1272 Walter Giffurd, archbishop of York.
1307 Walter Stapleton, bishop of Exeter.
1327 Edward III.

1357 William A. Wykeham, bishop of Winchester.

1375 Simon Langham, abbot of Westminster.
1377 William A. Wykeham, again.

1400 Thomas Fitz Allen, earl of Surrey.

84
A. D.

1413 Henry Chicely, archbishop of Canterbury.

1443 William Waynfleet, bishop of Winchester.
1471 Richard Beauchamp, bishop of Salisbury.

1500 The grand master of the order of St. John.

Henry VII. patron.
1502
1515
1530
1540
1549
1552
1560

Henry VII.
Cardinal Wolsey.
Thomas Cromwell, earl of Essex.
John Touchett, lord Audley.
Edward Seymour, duke of Somerset.
John Poynet, bishop of Winchester.
Sir Thomas Sackville.

1567 Sir Thomas Gresham, in the south.

- Francis Russell, earl of Bedford, in the north.
Grand Masters in the South.
1580 Charles Howard, earl of Effingham.

1588 George Hastings, earl of Huntingdon.

1603 King James I., patron.,
Inigo Jones, grand master.
1618
1630
1633
1635
1636

William Herbert, earl of Pembroke.

Henry Danvers, earl of Danby.
Thomas Howard, earl of Arundel.
Francis Russell, earl of Bedford.
Inigo Jones, again, till 1646.

1643 Henry Jermyn, earl of St. Alban's.

1666 Thomas Savage, earl of Rivers.
1674 George Williers, duke of Buckingham.

85
A. D.

1679 Henry Bennett, earl of Arlington.

1685 Sir Christopher Wren.
1697
1698
1717
1718
1719

Charles Lennox, duke of Richmond.

Sir Christopher Wren, again.
Anthony Sager, esq.
George Payne, esq.
Dr. Desaguliers.

I720 George Payne, esq., again.

1721 John, duke of Montagu.
1722 Philip, duke of Wharton.
1723 The duke of Buccleugh.
1724. The duke of Richmond.

1725. The earl of Abercorn.

1726 William OBrien, earl of Inchiguin.
1727 Lord Coleraine.

1728 Lord Kingston.

1729 Thomas Howard, duke of Norfolk.
1731 Lord Lovel.

1732 Anthony Brown, viscount Montacute.

1733. The earl of Strathmore.
1734 The earl of Crawford.

1735
1736
1738
1739

Thomas Thynne, viscount Weymouth.

John Campbell, earl of London.
H. Brydges, marquis of Carnarvon.
Lord Raymond.

1740 The earl of Kinton.

1741 The earl of Morton.

1742 John Ward, lord Dudley and Ward.

1745 James, lord Cranstown.

86
A. D.

1747
1752
1754
1757

Lord Byron.
John, lord Carysfort.
Marquis of Carnarvon, again.
Sholto, lord Aberdour.

1762 Washington Shirley, earl Ferrers.

1764
1767
1772
1777

Lord Blaney.
Henry, duke of Beaufort.
Robert Edward, lord Petre.
George, duke of Manchester.

1782 H. R. H. Frederick, duke of Cumberland.

1790 H. R. H. George, prince of Wales.
1813 H. R. H. Augustus Frederic, duke of Sussex, at
the union.

CHRONOLOGY OF INTERESTING EVENTS

IN MAsoNRY.

B. C.

4004 Creation of the world, according to the vulgar

computation.
2349 General deluge.

1491 Departure of the children of Israel from Egypt,

and erection of the tabernacle by Moses.
Triptolemus introduces the Eleusinia or myste
ries of Ceres from Egypt on the model of the
Isiac rites.

1014 Solomon ascends the throne of Israel, and pre

pares to build the temple.

1012 Foundation of the temple laid.

1005 Temple dedicated, and freemasonry established
on its present basis.

696 Captivity of Judah by Nebuchadnezzar.

536 Decree of Cyrus for the restoration.
520 Second temple built by Zerubabel.
150 This temple purified and restored from the in

juries received from Antiochus Epiphanes, by

Judas Maccabeus and the Kasideans.

88
A. D.

287 St. Alban said to have formed a grand lodge in

England.

926 King Athelstane granted a charter, and Edwin

summoned the assembly at York.

First grand lodge at York.

1019 Order of knights templars founded.
1155 Grand master of this order patron of freemasons
in England.

1307 Knights templars persecuted by Philip the Fair.

, 1313 The order dissolved by pope Clement.
1358 King Edward III. revises the constitutions.
1425 Masons assemblies prohibited by parliament.
1450 Henry VI. initiated.

I500 Grand masters of the knights of Malta patronise

masonry.

1607 Inigo Jones constituted several lo

1637 Earl of St. Albans regulated the lodges.
1657 St. Pauls began by freemasons, and completed
in fifty-six years, under the same g. m., Sir

Christopher Wren, and the same builder his

S. g. W.

1690. William III. initiated.

1713 Mr. Nicholas Stone.

1717 Grand lodge revived; Anthony Sayers, esq.,

1719
1720
1723

grand master.
Several noblemen initiated.
Valuable MSS. burnt by scrupulous brethren.
Office of deputy grand master revived.
First book of constitutions.
-

89
A. D.

1723 Grand secretary first appointed.

1724 Grand treasurer first appointed.
1725 Committee of charity established.
1726 Provincial grand masters first appointed.
1728 Twelve grand stewards first appointed.
1735 Emperor of Germany initiated.
1747 Public processions on feast-days discontinued.
1768 Registering regulations commenced 28th Oct.
1774 King of Prussia incorporated the society in
Prussia.

1775 First stone of Freemasons Hall laid.

Office of grand chaplain revived.

1776 Freemason's Hall dedicated.

1777 Freemason's calendar published by authority of

the grand lodge.

Several masons imprisoned at Naples.

1787 H.R.H. the prince of Wales (late George IV.)
initiated

H.R.H. duke of York initiated.

H.R.H. duke of Clarence (now king William

IV.) initiated.
1788 Freemasons tavern rebuilt.

1790 H.R.H. duke of Kent initiated.

The prince of Wales elected grand master on

the death of the duke of Cumberland.

1795 H.R.H. prince W. of Gloucester initiated.

1796 H.R.H. duke of Cumberland ditto
1798 H.R.H. duke of Sussex ditto,
G

90
A. D.

1723 Liquidation fund established.

1799 Act of parliamentpassed, containing enactments
respecting the society.
1813 H.R.H. the duke of Sussex elected grand master
-

on the resignation of H.R.H. the prince regent,

who took the title of grand patron.
Re-union of all the freemasons of England under
H.R.H. the duke of Sussex as grand master,
27th December.

1820 His majesty king George IV. signified his

pleasure to continue patron of the order.
1830 His majesty king William IV., on his accession
to the throne, declared himself patron of the
order.

LODGES RECOGNIZED BY THE GRAND

LODGE OF ENGLAND. *

The Grand Stewards' lodge, Freemasons tavern

1 Grand Masters' lodge, Freemasons tavern
2 Lodge of Antiquity, Freemason's tavern
3 Lodge of Fidelity, Crown tav. Clerkenwell-green
4 Royal Somerset-house lodge, Freemasons tavern
5 St. Georges lodge, George, Commercial road
6 L. of Friendship, Thatched-house tav. St. James's
7 Lodge of Hope, Beak-street, Regent-street
8 British lodge, Freemasons tavern
9 Albion lodge, Bedford Head tavern, Maiden-lane.
10 Westminster and Key-stone l. Freemasons tav.
11 Enoch lodge, Red Lion, Old Cavendish-street

12 Lodge of Fortitude and Old Cumberland, Free

masons tavern

* The editor is principally indebted for this list

to an excellent and useful work, The Freemasons

Calendar, which he begs to recommend to the notice

of his brethren. This calendar is published annually,
and serves both as an almanack and pocket book.

92
13 Union Waterloo lodge, George IV. tav. Woolwich
14 Tuscan lodge, Freemasons tavern

15 Kent lodge, Star, Wilkes-street, Spitalfields

16 Royal Alpha lodge, assembly rooms, Kensington
17 Quebec
18 Dundee Arms lodge, at Alders, Mark-lane
19 Royal Athelstan lodge, Fitzroy hotel, Charlotte-st.
Rathbone-place
20 Royal Kent lodge of Antiquity, Sun tav. Chatham
22 Lodge of Emulation, George and Vulture, Cornhill

23 Neptune lodge, Black Boy, Wapping

25 Globe lodge, Freemasons tavern
26 Newcastle-upon-Tyne lodge, Newcastle
27 Robert Burns' lodge, Kings Arms tav. Mary-la
bonne street, Golden-square

28 Lodge of Antiquity, Mitre tavern, Portsea

29 Castle lodge of Harmony, Piazza coffee-house,
Covent-garden
30 L. of Philan. Hall, Masons-court, Stock-on-Tees.
33 George, Brook-street, Holborn
34 Old King's Arms lodge, Freemasons tavern
35 St. Albans lodge, Freemasons tavern
36 United Mariners lodge, Dial, Long-alley, Finsbury

37
38
39
40

United Industriousl. Saracen's Head, Canterbury

St. George's lodge, Adelphi hotel, Liverpool
Castle lodge, Queen's arms tavern, Cheapside
Corner-stone l. Piazza coffee-house, Covent-gard.

42 Britannic lodge

44 Union lodge, Crown inn, Deal

93
46 Sociable lodge
47 Mount Moriah lodge, George and Vulture tavern,
Cornhill

48 Medina lodge, Wine inn, West Cowes

49 Lodge of Unity, Hare and Hounds, Oldham,
Lancashire

50 Glamorgan lodge, Cardiff Arms, Cardiff

51 Anchor and Hope lodge, Legs-of-Man, Bolton-le

Moor, Lancashire

52 Lodge of Harmony and St. Rocque's Hill, Free

masons' Hall, Chichester

53 St. John Baptist lodge, White Lion, Exeter

54 Derwent lodge, Kings Head, Hastings

55 Royal Cumberland lodge, White Lion, Bath

56 Lodge of Concord, Queens Head, Lower Islington
57 Lodge of Relief, Hare and Hounds, Bury, Lan
cashire

58 St. Pauls lodge, Shakspeare tavern, Birmingham

59 Lodge of Friendship, Sawyer's Arms inn, Man

chester

61 Strong Man l. Coach and Horses, St. John's-sq.

62 Old Union lodge, Castle and Falcon hotel, Alders
gate-street

63 Newstead lodge, Milton's Head inn, Nottingham

64 Lodge of Industry, New inn, Swalwell, Durham
65 Gihon lodge, N.Y. coffee-house, Sweetings-alley
Cornhill

66 Castle Inn, Hinckley, Leicestershire

67 Angel lodge, at the Angel, Colchester

94
68 Union lodge, assembly rooms, Norwich
69 Royal Sussex lodge, masonic hall, Bath

70 Lodge of Hope, Spread Eagle, Rochdale

71 Constitutional lodge, Feathers, Waterloo-road
72 Howard lodge of Brotherly Love, Wheatsheaf inn,
Arundel

73 The Humber lodge, Freemasons' hall, Osborn-st.

Hull

75 Lodge of Felicity, London tavern, Bishopgate

street

76 Loyal Vacation lodge, Freemasons hall Wivels

combe, Somerset.
77 Quebec, Lower Canada

78 Mother lodge, Basse-terre, St. Christopher's

79 Royal Navy lodge, George and Vulture, Corn
hill

80 Royal Chester lodge, Royal hotel, Chester

82 Lodge of Peace and Harmony, Bay-tree tavern,
St. Swithin's-lane

84 Lodge of Probity, Old Cock inn, Halifax, York

85 The Social lodge, Commercial tavern, Market-st.
Manchester

86 St. Marys lodge, New York coffee-house, Sweet

ings-alley, Cornhill

87 Lodge of Fortitude, Commercial tavern, Brown-st.

Manchester

91 Angel, Crispin-street, Spitalfields

92 Grenadiers' lodge, Freemasons tavern

93 Star in the East, at Calcutta. 1st I. Bengal

95
95 R. Clarence lodge of Mariners, Freemasons' hall,
Bristol

96 Lodge of Unity, Ship tavern, Gate-st. Lincolns

inn-fields

97 Abiff's lodge, Bellinn, Saxmundham, Suffolk

98 St. Johns lodge, Commercial inn, Plymouth

99 Lodge of Unity, Queen's Head, Lowestoff

100 Royal Jubilee, Paul's Head, Paul-st. Finsbury
101 Wheatsheaf, Ordnance-row, Portsea
103 Lodge of Eleusinian Mysteries, Freemasons tav.
Norwich

104 Mount Lebanon lodge, Roebuck, New Dover rd.

105 Athol lodge, Cup, Stafford-street, Birmingham

110
111
112
113
115

Lodge of Love and Honour, Royal hot. Falmouth

Lodge of Economy, Globe Inn, Winchester
Norfolk hotel, St. Giles's, Norwich
Lodge of Freedom, Rum Puncheontav. Gravesend
Imperial George lodge, Hare and Hounds, Mid
dleton, Lancashire
116 Pythagorean lodge, Greyhound, Greenwich

117 The Stewards' lodge, Freemasons hall, Madras

118 St. John's lodge, Peacock, Wearmouth, Sunder
land

120 Doric lodge, private room, Woodbridge, Suffolk

121 Foundation lodge, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire
122 United lodge of Prudence, Albion tavern, Alders
gate-street
123 Doyle's lodge of Fellowship, assembly rooms,
Guernsey

96
124 Faithful lodge, Bullinn, Norwich

I26 Lodge of Loyalty, Green Dragon, Prescot, Lam

cashire

127 Druid's lodge of Love and Liberality, Fosss

hotel, Redruth, Cornwall
128 Vitruvian lodge, Spread Eagle, Limehouse
129 Phoenix lodge, White Horse, Stowmarket, Suffolk
131 Scientific lodge, Red Lion inn, Cambridge

136 Lodge of Unanimity, Old General, Duckenfield,

Cheshire
137

138 St. John's lodge, New York coffee-house, Sweet

142
143
145
146
151

ings-alley, Cornhill
Lodge of Regularity, Freemasons tavern
Moira lodge, London tavern, Bishopgate-street
Social lodge, Wounded Hart, St. Peter's, Norwich
Phoenix lodge, Phoenixhall, Sunderland, Durham
Eastern Star lodge, Commercial coffee-house,
Poplar

152 Burlington lodge, Freemasons tavern

153 The Palatine lodge, Golden Lion, Sunderland
154 St. Martin's lodge, Legs of Man, Burslem,
Staffordshire

156 Shakspeare Lodge, Albion tavern, Aldersgate-st.

159 Lodge of Friendship, Pope's Head, St. Peter's
Mancroft, Norwich.
162

163 Temple lodge, Ship tavern, Little Turnstile,

Holborn

97
164 Lodge of Unanimity, King's Arms inn, North
167
168
170
171

Walsham, Norfolk
Beaufort lodge, Freemasons hall, Bristol
Lodge of St. Johns, Duke of Sussex, Stockport
Lodge of Fortitude, Freemasons hall, Plymouth
Sun lodge, Dolphin inn, Exmouth, Devonshire

172 Philanthrophic lodge, Star inn, Lynn, Norfolk

173 London lodge, Freemasons tav. Great Queen-st.

174 Lodge of Industry and Perseverance, Calcutta.

2d 1. Bengal
175 Bush inn, Myrthir Tydvil, Glamorganshire

176 Restoration lodge, Darlington

178 St. George's lodge, Half Moon, Exeter
179 Lodge of Unanimity, King's Arms inn, Preston
180 British Union lodge, Bear and Crown, Ipswich

182 Royal Lancashire lodge, private room, Colne,

Lancashire

183 Temple lodge, Royal George inn, Folkstone

186 Salopian lodge of Charity, King's Head, Shrews.
187 Concord lodge, Golden Ball inn, Whitehaven
188 St. Andrew's lodge, Halifax, Nova Scotia
190 The Crown and Mitre inn, Quay-st, Whitehaven

193 Lodge of Friendship, Shakspeare tavern, Lynn

Regis, Norfolk
195

196
200
201
202

Palladian lodge, Bowling-green, Hereford

Mount Sinai lodge, Union hotel, Penzance
Derbyshire lodge, King's Head inn, Buxton
Lenox lodge, Old Black Bull, Richmond, Yorksh.

98
203 Lodge of Patience, Waggon and Horses, Tomb.
land, Norwich
204 Marquis of Granby lodge, Freemasons hall,
Durham

205 Prince Edwin's lodge, private hall, Hythe, Kent

206 Lodge of Silent Temple, Royal Oak, Burnley,
Lancashire

207 Union lodge, Royal hotel, Margate

209 Prince Edwin's lodge, Bury:Bridge inn, Bury,
Lancashire

211 Union lodge, Masons' Arms, Stramongate, Kendal

212 Royal Gloster 1. Freemasons hall, Southampton
213 Lodge of Fortitude, Dolphin, Truro

214 Lodge of Unity, White Hart, Ringwood, Hants

215 Lodge of Harmony, Ship, Faversham

218 Caledonian lodge, Anderton's coffee-ho. Fleet-st.

219 Lodge ofPerpetual Friendship, Lamb inn, Bridge

water, Somerset

220 Royal Theatrical Covent-garden lodge, Cyder

Cellars, Maiden-lane, Covent-garden
26 London tavern, St. John's, Newfoundland
229 Lodge of Amity, private room, Thames-st. Poole

231 All Saints' lodge, Anchor inn, Wooler, Northum

berland

232 Britannial. private room, Sheffield, Yorkshire

233 Waterloo lodge, 79th Regiment
234 St. George's lodge, Trinity Arms, Church-street,
Deptford

* Lodge of Faith, Gun tavern, Pimlico

99
237 St. Thomas's lodge, Bedford Head tav. Maiden
lane, Covent-garden
239 Middlesex lodge, Freemasons tavern
240 St. Luke's lodge, White Hart inn, Kings-road,
Chelsea

241 Lodge of Prudent Brethren, Kings Head, Com

mercial Road, St. George's East

242 Lodge of Antiquity, Rising Sun, Bolton-le-moor,

Lancashire

244 Lodge of Love and Unity, King's Arms hotel,

Falmouth

245 Lodge of Justice, Trinity Arms, Church-street,

Deptford

246 Lodge of Lights, Bear's Paw, Warrington, Lanc.

247 Lodge of Peace, Golden Fleece, Meltham, near
Huddersfield, Yorkshire
248 Lodge of Perfect Unanimity, Madras

249 Albany lodge, Three Tuns, Newport, Isle of

Wight

250 Red Lion, Bradford-street, Manchester

25l Inhabitants' lodge, Crown and Anchor, Gibraltar
252 Lodge of Unanimity, Black Bull inn, Wakefield,
Yorkshire

253 Lodge of Love and Unity, Royal Oak inn,

Dover

255 Lodge of Perseverance, Boars Head inn, Friar

gate, Preston
256 Harmony lodge, Elephant and Castle, Plymouth
257 Bedford lodge, Freemasons tav. Gt. Queen-st.

100
259 Adams lodge, Fountain inn, Blue-Town, Sheer
ness

260 Market-house inn. Market-street, Devonport

264 Lodge of True Friendship, Old Ship inn, Roch

ford, Essex

265 St. John's lodge, Halifax, Nova Scotia

266 Blackfriar's-bridge lodge, Ship, Gate-street
267 Lodge of Integrity, Haywood's hotel, Manchester
268 Lodge of Perseverance, Sidmouth

269 Royal York lodge of Union, Freemasons hall,

Bristol

270 Royal Cumberland Militia

272 East Devon Regiment of Militia, Market-house
inn, Exeter
*
274 Lodge of Honour and Generosity, Horn tavern,
Doctors Commons

275 Lodge of Union, Three Tuns, St. Margaret's-hill

Borough

278 St. John's lodge, Castle tavern, Hampstead

279 Mariners' lodge, Henley Rooms, Guernsey
281 Lodge of Temperance, King's Arms, Barbican
283 All Souls lodge, Masonic hall, Weymouth

284 Lodge of Amity, White Hart inn, Borough

287 Old Concord lodge, Albemarle Arms, South
Audley-street
289 Phoenix lodge, Wheatsheaf, Hand-court. Holborn

290 Lodge of Sincerity, Jamaica House tavern, Ber

mondsey

291 East Medina lodge, Ryde, Isle of Wight

101
292
293
294
295
296

Caveac lodge, Coffee-h. Broadway, Hammersmith

Dramatic lodge, George, Brook-street, Holborn
Queens Head, Wigan, Lancashire
Godolphin lodge, St. Mary's island, Scilly
Manchester lodge, King of Prussia, Fair-street,
Tooley-street

298 Lodge of Unanimity, Red Lion, Chorley, Lanc.

299 St. Jamess Union 1. Red Lion, Old Cavendish-st.

300 Universal lodge, Queen's Armstavern, Cheapside

301 Royal Grove lodge, Green Man, Berwick-st. Soho
302 St. Johns lodge, Quebec, Lower Canada

305 Lodge of Unity, Horn tavern, Doctors' Commons

306 United Chatham lodge, Sun inn, Chatham
307 Royal George l. Greyhound, Bridport, Dorsetshire
308 Lodge ofTranquillity, White Hart, Abchurch-lane
309 Lodge of Industry, Sun, Gt. Sutton-st. Clerkenw.

311 Lodge of Virtue, Freemasons' hall, Bath

312 Benevolent lodge, St. Johns, Newfoundland
314 R. Sussex l. of Hospitality. Freema. hall, Bristol

315 Prince Edwins l. White Lion inn, Eye, Suffolk

319 Lodge of Joppa, Swan, Swan-street, Minories

320 Lodge of Sincerity, New Hall, Plymouth
321 Oak lodge, Baptist Head tavern, Aldermanbury
322 Lodge of St. John, Talbot inn, Warrington
324

325 Lion and Lamb l. New York coffee-ho. Cornhill

327 Lodge of Confidence, Bedford Head tav. Maiden

lane, Covent-garden
329 St. Paul's lodge, George and Vulture tav. Cornhill

102
330 Lodge of Hengist, George inn, Christch. Hants
332 L. of Concord, Black Bull, Barnard Castle, Dur.

333 Albion lodge, Bridge-Town, Barbadoes

334
335
336
337
338

Jerusalem lodge, Freemasons tavern

Percy l. Fitzroy hotel, Charlotte-st. Rathbone-pl.
Lodge of Peace and Harmony, Fleece inn, Dover
Old Globe 1. their own hall, Scarbro, Yorkshire
Jordan lodge, Anchor tavern, St. Mary Hill

339 Lodge of Friendship, Barnstaple inn, Princes-st.

Devonport

340 St. George's lodge, Castle inn, Windsor

342 Lodge of Equanimity, Angel inn, Guildford
344 Lodge of Harmony, Irvings hotel, Carlisle
346 Rising Sun lodge, at Fort Malborough, E. J.
347 Lodge of Fidelity, Duke of Cumberland, Cumber
land-street, Manchester
348 Andrews, Cable-street, Liverpool
351 Caledonian l. Abercrombie, Gt. Ancoats-st. Man.
353 Lodge of Israel, John-street, Minories
354 L. of Friendship, Timber Hoy, Creek, Deptford
355

356
357
358
359
360
363

L. of Loyalty, private room, Marlborough

Royal lodge, Kingston, Jamaica
Lodge of Three Grand Principles, Thornill, York
Etonian lodge, Swan inn, Windsor
... *
R. Edmund l. Angel inn, Bury St. Edmund's
L. of Fortitude, St. Helier's, Jersey

364

366 D. of Atholl. Old Soldier, Denton, near Manch,

103
367 St. Michael's I. Compasses, Kensington

368 Phoenix 1. Freemasons' hall, Mytongate, Hull

270 Euphrates l. Lon. Militia, White Swan, Bunhill-r.
374 L. of Persev. Angel inn, St. Stephen's, Norwich

375 L. of Hope and Unity, White Hart inn, Romford

377 Union l. Saddle inn, Halford, Manchester
-

378 Jolly Angler, Green-street, Manchester

379 In the Eighty-fifth Regiment

380 Harmonic l. Prestons Circus hotel, Christian-st.
Liverpool

381 L. of Stability, Anchor, St. Mary-hill

383 L. of True Friendship, Calcutta. 3d 1. Bengal
384 L. of Prudence, White Horse, Leigh, Lancashire

385 L. of Harmony, Mary-la-bonne, Liverpool

386 St. John's I. Four Horse Shoes, Little Bolton,
Lancashire

388 St. Andrew's l. East, King's Arms, Aldersgate-st.

389 L. of Charity, Freemasons hall, Plymouth
390 St. George's 1. Freemasons' h. Hamilton, Bermuda
393 St. Lukes lodge, Admirals Head, Ipswich
394 L. of Benevolence, Cross Keys, Blakely Moor,
Blackburn

396 In Sixth or Inniskilling Regiment of Dragoons

397 Ionic l. White Swan, Old Charlton, Kent
396 L. of United Strength, Salisbury tav. Leicester-sq.
400 True and Faithful 1. Rose and Crown, Sudbury,

401 Royal Lebanon lodge, Bell inn, Gloucester

402 L, of Humility with Fortitude, Fort William, Cal.
4th 1. Bengal

104
40.5 L. of Fidelity, Topsham, Devonshire
407 Andrews 1. Exeter Arms, Earl-st. Lisson-grove
408

409 R. York 1. of Perseverance, Woods hotel, Furni

vals inn, Holborn
410 Marine l. Calcutta. 5th 1. Bengal.
411 Somerset l. St. Georges, Bermuda

413 Anchor and Hope 1. Calcutta. 6th 1. Bengal

415 In Garrison, Cape Breton, North America
517 Etruscan l. Talbot inn, Stoke, Staffordshire
419

420 L. of United Friendship, Market inn, North-fleet

Kent

421 L. of Nine Muses, Freemasons tavern

423 Union 1. Masonic hall, York

426 In Ninety-second Regiment

427 Indefatigable 1. Bush inn, Swansea
432 First Battalion, Fourteenth Regiment Foot

434 Second Battalion, Thirty-fourth Regiment

435 Pilgrim l. George and Vulture tavern, Cornhill
436 Harmony l. St. Heliers, Jersey
438 Friendly 1. Kingston, Jamaica
439 L. of Friendship, own room, Guernsey

440 St. Hild's l. Crown and Anchor, S. Shields, Dur.

441 Neptune 1. Prince of Wales's Island, E. Indies
442 Merchants' l. George tav. Upper Pitt-st. Liverpl.
444 Union l. Curacoa

445 Officers' 1. Fourteenth Regiment

446 Sixty-eighth Regiment

105
446
447
448
450

Sixty-eighth Regiment
St. George's l. Town-hall, Doncaster
Loyalty l. Coles hotel, Guernsey
Veteran's 1. White Hart inn, Harwich

451

452 Farmersl. Prince of Wales, Grouville, Jersey

453 L. of Friendship, private room, Dartmouth
454 St. George's l. in the Fifth Regiment of Foot
456 Union l. Cape of Good Hope
457 Mechanics 1. Commercial tav. St. Helier's, Jersey
458 Hirams l.

461 R. Union 1. Fleece inn, Cheltenham

462 Union l. Demerary, West Indies
465 L. of True Love and Unity, Brixham, Devon.

466 Mariner's l. Star inn, Williamson-sq. Liverp.

467 Minerval. Princes-street. Hull, Yorkshire

469 Loyal 1. private room, Barnstaple

471 Harmonic l. Commercial inn, Dudley

473 Royal Gloucesterl. George coffee-h. Gloucester

475 Tyrian l. Kings Arms tavern, Derby
476 Trinity 1. Castle inn, Coventry

477 L. of Harmony, Greyhound, Richmond

481 L. of Unions, Blue Posts, Charlotte-st. Rath.-pl.
484 Phoenix l. private room, High-st. Portsmouth
487 L. of Harmony, Swan inn, Ormskirk,
488 St. Matthews l. George inn, Burton-upon-Humber
489 Amphibiousl. Globe inn, Mill-bridge, near Leeds
490 Newtonian 1. Elephant and Castle, Knaresbro'
493 P. of Waless l. Thatched-ho. tav. St. James's-st.
H

106
494 L. of the Rock, Madras, coast of Coromandel

495 L. of Social Friend. St.Thomas's Mount, Corom.

497 L. of Unan. and Sincerity, London inn, Taunton
498 Salopian 1. Fox inn, Shrewsbury
499 Bank of England l. Horn, Doctors Commons
500 Nelson of the Nile 1. Three Nuns, Merfield, York.

501 Philanthropic l. Melford, Suffolk

503 R. Yorkshire 1. Lord Rodney, Keighley, Yorks.
505 L. of Napthali, Volunteer, Bury
506 L. of Unity, Manchester
507 L. of Union, Devonshire Arms, Mellor, Derbysh.
508 L. of Fidelity, Thorn inn, Burnley, Lancashire

509 Royal 1. of Faith and Friendship, Town-hall,

Berkeley, Gloucestershire
511 R. Clarence l. Old Ship, Brighton, Sussex
512 L. of Harmony, Dolphin inn, Boston
514 L. of Universal Charity, Madras
515 L. of Tranquillity, Dolphin inn, Rossendale
517 L. of Harmony, George inn, Halifax, Yorkshire
518 L. of Good Fellowship, White Hart, Chelmsford

519 L. of Friendship, Coach and Horses, Oldham

520 L. of Friendship, at Gibraltar

521
522
523
524
525
526

Friendly 1. King's Head inn, Barnsley, Yorkshire

Harmony 1. Fountain inn, New Shoreham, Sussex
R. Clarence l. George inn, Frome, Somersetshire
Corinthian l. Ram inn, Newark, Notts.
St. John's 1. Bell hotel, Leicester
Rein Deer tavern, Worcester

527 L. of Fortitude, Golden Shovel, Penny-st. Lanc.

107
528 Mercian l. Angel inn Ludlow, Shropshire
529 Bedford l. Exeter inn, Tavistock, Devon.
530 L. of Amity, Bulls Head inn, Haslingden
531 Shakspeare 1. Freem. tav. Steel-house-l. Birmg.

532 Loyal and Prudent 1. Star and Garter, Leeds

533 Phoenix I. College inn, Rotherham, Yorkshire
534 L. of St. George

536 Shakspeare 1. Bull Head inn, Warwick

537 L. of Love and Honour, Crown inn, Shepton
Mallet, Somersetshire
539 Samaritan I. Red Lion inn, Accrington

540 Philanthropic l. Skipton, Yorkshire

542 Noah's Ark 1. King's Arms, Middlewich, Chesh.
543 L. of Unanim. Packhorse, Stockport

544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553

Apollo 1. Bull-ring-lane. Great Grimsby

L. of Harmony, Todmorden, Lancashire.
L. of Fidelity, Freemasons hall, Leeds
Huddersfield 1. White Hart, Huddersfield, Yorksh.
Union 1. Rainbow inn, Bordesley, Birmingham
School of Plato, Red Lion, Cambridge
Rural Philan. l. Highbridge inn, Huntspill, Som.
L. of Sincerity, York hotel, Williamson-sq. Liv.
Scarsdale 1. Angel inn, Chesterfield, Derby
The King's Friends' l. Lamb inn, Nantwich

554 Constitutional 1. Tiger, Beverley, Yorkshire

555 Union l. Unicorn inn, Macclesfield, Cheshire
556 R. Brunswick 1. Blk. Rock inn, Castle-st. Sheff.

557 Witham l. private room, Lincoln.

559 L. of Harmony, Flying Horse, Rochdale

108
561 L. of Emulation, Bull inn, Dartford, Kent

562 L. of Minerva, Globe tavern, Ashton-under-Line

563 Apollo 1. Angel, Alcester, Warwick
564 L. ofUnity and Friendship, New Town, Bradford,
Wilts

565 L. of Hope, Masonic h. Darley-st. Bradford, Yor.

566 Benevolent 1. Half Moon inn, West Teignmouth
567 L. of Sincere Friendship, Chunar, Bengal
568 Philanthropic l. White Swan, Leeds
569 Apollo 1. White Lion, Beccles, Suffolk

571 Alfred l. White Hart inn, Leeds

573 L. of P. Frederick, White Horse, Hebdon

bridge, near Halifax, Yorkshire

574 L. of P. George, Freemasons' Arms, Bottoms,
Stansfield, Halifax
575 L. of Harmony, Black Bear tavern, Gosport
578 Vectis l. of Peace and Concord, Freemasons
hall, Newport, Isle of Wight

579 Union 1. King's Head, Carlisle

581 South Saxon 1. Freemasons hall, Lewes
583 Lion 1. Angel inn, Whitby, Yorkshire

585 L. of United Friends, Masonic h. Yrmth. Norf.

586 L. of Peace and Unity, Horse-Shoe, Church-st.
Preston

587 Royal York l. Artichoke inn, Will-st. Brighton.

588 In the Island of St. Helena

590 L. of Truth, First Regiment of Life Guards

592 L. of Innocence and Moral. Lamb, Hindon,Wilts

* L. of Unity, Peace, and Concord, at Madras

109
594
596
597
598

Alman's l. Woolpack inn, Aldmonbury, Yorksh.

L. ofthe Three Grand Principles, Penryn, Cormw.
L. of Industry, Raven inn, Bridgenorth
L. of Prudence and Industry, Freemasons hall,

599
600
601
602
603
605

L. of Affability, Crown and Mitre, Spear-st. Man.

True and Faithfull. Angel, Helston, Cornwall
St. Andrew's Union, Nineteenth Foot
New Forest l. Nag's Head, Lymington
L. of Loyalty, White Hart, Mottram, Cheshire
L. of Unity, Unicorn, Hill-gate, Stockport, Ches.

Chard, Somersetshire

607 L. of Peace, Union tav. Vernon-bridge, Stockpt

608 L. of Concord, Nelson inn, Stockport, Cheshire
609 Moiral. Staley, Cheshire

612 St. Johns 1. Golden Key, Eccles, Lancashire

613 Moira 1. Freemasons hall, Bristol

614 St. John's 1. King's Arms, Wigton, Cumberland

621 L. of Temperance and Morality, Green Dragon,
Market Lavington, Wilts
623 St. John's l. Royal hotel, Torquay, Devonshire
624 L. of Brotherly Love, Chough's inn, Yeovil, Som.
625 One and All 1. Town Arms inn, Bodmin
626 L. of Union, Mitre tavern, Portsea, Hants

627 Phoenix l. of Honour and Prudence, Red Lion,

Truro

628 Torridzonian 1. Cape Coast Castle, Gold Coast,

629 L. of Virtue and Silence. Lion 1. Hadleigh, Suff.

632 Lodge of Friendship, Swan, Chichester, Sussex
636 Royal Preston l. Preston,

110
637 British l, at the Cape of Good Hope
639 L. of Rectitude, Queen's Head inn, Box, Wilts
640 L. of Benevolence, Bull's Head, Marple, Chesh.
642 L. of Candor, Bell inn, Delph, Yorkshire
644 Vitruvian 1. Swan hotel, Ross, Herefordshire

645 Loge des Freres, Reunis, Kingston, Jamaica

647 L. of Unanim. King of Prussia, Penrith, Cumb.
649 Alfred l. Wheatsheaf, Oxford
651 Wellington I. London Trader, Rye, Sussex

652 L. of Fortitude, Three Tuns, Stafford

653 R. Sussex l. King's Arms, Queen-st. Portsea
654 L. of Concord, Turk's Head, Preston

655 L. of Faith, Ram's Head, Pilkington, near Rad

cliff-bridge
656

. 657 St. Johns I. Leek, Staffordshire

659 L. of Persev. St. Johns tav. Union-st. Blackburn

662 L. of the Three Mallets, Naumberg, Saxony

665 L. of Honour and Friend. priv. room, Blandford
666 L. of United Brethren, Mellor, near Blackburn,
Lancashire

667 Logia de la Esperanza

668 Noahs Ark 1. King's Arms, Bilston.

669 L. of Archimedes, Gera, Upper Saxony

670 St. John's 1. Star and Garter, Tidsley Bank,

near Leigh
671 L. of the Three Arrows, Nurnburg

673 L. of St. John and St. Paul, Valetta, Malta

674 Lord Dundas's l. North York Militia

I 11
675 L. of Charity, Ringley-bridge Lancashire
676

677 Minden l. in the Fifty-first Regiment

679 Welland l. Spalding, Linconshire
680 Faithfull. Talbot hotel, Kidderminster

683 St. Michael's l. Brampton, Cumberland

684 L. Aufgehenden Morgenrothe, Frankfort
686 Phoenix l. Port Royal, Jamaica
687 L. of Constantia

689 Orthes l, in the Sixth Regiment of Foot

690 Royal Sussex l. Mitre, Repton, Derbyshire
691 Sussex 1. Kingston,

Jamaica

692
693
694
695

Clare 1. Spanish Town

Atholl. Lucca Bay,
Seville 1. St. Anns Bay,
Duke of York 1. Falmouth,

696
697
698
701

Concord l. Spanish Town,

Cornwall l. Montego Bay,
Union 1. Trinity, Newfoundland
L. of Harmony and Friendship, Original Free
masons' Hall, Lewes

702 Royal Sussex 1. of Emulation, Swindon, Wilts

703 L. of Mercy and Truth, Evesham, Worcestershire
705 L. of Harmony, Duke of Wellington, Knutsford,
Cheshire

706 Lodge of Hope, Berne, Switzerland

707 Wellington 1. Bell inn, Chepstow
708 Harmonic l. Island of St. Thomas.

710 L. of Benevolence, private room, Sherborne

112
711 Apollo University l. Oxford
712 Loyalty l. Ireland, Island, Bermuda
713 L. of Peace and Harmony, Star inn, Rumsey,
Hants

714 Pomfretl. Green Dragon inn, Northampton

717 L. of Providence, Black Dog inn, Havant, Hants

718 L. of Industry, Grapes inn, Gee Cross, near Man.
719 Doric l. Granby inn, Grantham

720 R. Sussex 1. private room, Marine-pl. Worthing

721 Free Town l. of Good Intent, Sierra Leone

722 Keystone l. Duke of Wellington, Walton-le-Dale,

Lancashire

723 British Constitutional 1. Bay of Honduras

724 L. of Fortitude and Perseverance, in the 80th Reg.

725 L. of Sympathy, Star inn, Wotton-under-Edge

726 Cambrian l, Eagle inn, Neath, Glamorganshire
727 Good Hope 1. Cape of Good Hope
728 St. Davids l. Milford, Pembrokeshire
730 Royal Sussex l. Island of St. Vincent

731 St. George's 1. of Unanimity and Fidelity, Red

Lion, Petersfield, Hants

732 St. George's l. St. George's, Grenada

733 L. of Probity & Freedom, Parker's Arms, Burnley,
735 L. Joseph zur Einigkeit, Nurnberg
745 Samaritan 1. George, Sandbeach, Chester
746 Benevolent 1. Kaira, Bombay
747 Lime Rock 1. Clithero

748 Calpean I. at Gibraltar

749 St. Alban's I. White Swan, Cross Parish, Leeds

113
750
751
752
753

L. Union Lanzarotina, Lanzarote, Canary Isles

L. of True Friendship, White Bear, Hounslow
In the Eighth Regiment of Hussars
St. George's l. Chertsey, Surrey
754 St. Andrew's l. York,
Upper Canada
755 Dalhousle l. Niagara,

756 Sussex 1. Brockville,

757. Niagara l. Niagara,

758 St. John's I. Kingston,

- -

- -

759 Fridsburgh,

760 Addington, l. Ernest Town,

761
762
763
764

Union l. Grimsby,
York,
Belville l. Belville,
St. Johns 1. Haldimand,

765 King Hirams l. Oxford,

766 Union l. Richmond,
767
768
769
770

Townshend,
St. Georges l. St. Catharine's,
United l. Murray,
Union l. Ancaster,

771 Western-light 1. King,

772
773
774
775

Prince Edward's l. Hallowoll,

Mount Moriah 1. Westminster,
True Briton 1. Perth
L. of Perseverance, John Bull, Whitehaven

776 L. of Harmony, Budleigh Salterton, Devon

777 L. of Chosen Friends, Rosseau, Dominica.

778

114
779 Socrates 1. Town-hall, Huntingdon
Lower Canada
780 Union 1. Montreal,

781 Prevost l. Freligsburg, St. Arnaud,

782
783
784
785

St. Pauls l. Montreal,

Nelson 1. Caldwells Manor,
St. Andrews 1. St. Andrews,
Golden Rule 1. Stanstead,

786 Wellington Persevering 1. Montreal,

787 Columbia 1. Hull,
788 Odell l. Odell Town,

789 Lambton 1. Chester-le-street, Durham

790 L, of Perfect Friendship, Bee Hive inn, Ipswich
791 L. of Hope and Charity, Freem. Arms, Kidderm.

792 Logia de la Concordia Venezolana, Angostura,

Columbia

793
794
795
796

Loyal Welsh 1. Navy tavern, Pembroke Dock

Richmond and Lenox 1. New inn, Brighton
United l. of Good Fellowship, Shakspeare, Lynn
L. of Order and Harmony, Harbour Grace, New
foundland

797 L. of Harmony, St. George's, Grenada

798 L. of Honour, York House, Bath

799 L. of Integrity, Brighouse, near Halifax, Yorksh.

800 St. Cuthbert's 1. Blue Bell, Barnard-castle, Durh.
801 Sussex l. Quebec, Lower Canada

802 L. of Hope, Poona, the Deccan, East Indies

803 Fylde Union 1. Freckleton

804 L. of Harmony & Industry, Over-Darwen, near

Blackburn

115
805
806
807
808

March and Darnley 1. King's Hd. inn, Horsham

Faith & Fidelity 1. Dog, Oswaldtwisle
Royal Union 1. King's Arms inn, Uxbridge.
Hercules l. Masonic hall, Great Yarmouth

809 Flintshire l. Mold, Flintshire

810 Friendly l. Montego Bay, Jamaica

811 St. David's l. Waterloo Hotel, Bangor
812 Mount Olive l. Demerara

813 L. of Unity, Town-hall, Wareham, Dorset

814 Airdale l. Malt Shovel, Baildon, Yorkshire
815 L. of Prudence, Halesworth, Suffolk
816 Auroral. Candor and Cordiality, Calcutta

817 Albany l. Graham Town, Cape of Good Hope

818 Perseverance l. Bombay
819 Union 1. Masonic Hall, Crane-st. New Sarum

820 Australia l. Sydney, New South Wales

821 Sussexl. Charlotte-Town, Prince Edward Island
822 L. of Independence with Philanthropy, Alla
habad, Bengal
823 L. of Courage with Humanity, Dum Dum, Ben.
824 L. of Sincerity, Cawnpore, Bengal
825 Hastings l. Allahabad, Bengal
826 St. Davids l. Berwick

827
828
829
830

Southampton 1. Benwell's rooms, Southampton

Guy's 1. Leamington Priors, Warwickshire
Virgin I. Halifax,
Nova Scotia
Temple l. Grigsborough,

831 Hiram l. Shelburn, ditto

832 St. George's l. Cornwallis,

116
833 St. Johns 1. Charlotte-Town, Pr. Edward Island
834 Sussex 1. Newport,
Nova Scotia

835 Royal Standard l. Halifax,

836
837
838
839
840
841

Unity l. Lunenberg,
Fort Edward l. Windsor,
Moiral. Rawdon,
Colchester Union l.
Cumberland Harmony 1. Amherst,..
Albion 1. St. Johns, New Brunswick
- -

842 Royal Albion 1. Halifax, Nova Scotia

843 St. Mary's l. Digby,

844 Rising Sun l. Londonderry.

845 L. Kelwinnian-in-the-East, Calcutta
846 Royal Forests 1. Slaidburn, W. Riding, Yorkshire

847 Royal Sussex 1. Exchange rooms, Nottingham

848 United Seaforth 1. Bridge Town, Barbadoes
849 Hertfortl. Salisbury Arms inn, Hertford

850 L. of Concord, Three Tuns inn,Trowbridge, Wilts.

851 Bamborough 1. assembly rooms, Watford

LONDON:

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In the Press, a new Edition

OF A

HISTORY OF INITIATION,
COMPRISING

The Rites and Ceremonies, Doctrine and Dis

cipline of all the Secret and Mysterious Insti
tutions of the Ancient World; forming a second
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LA R K P S

IN T R O DUCTION TO

HERALDRY, the 11th Edit. much enlarged

and improved by new and additional engravings
of the ENGLISH AND Scotch REGALIA, ORDERs

oF KNIGHTHooD, &c. &c., illustrated by Histo

rical Notices; also, a LIST of ForEIGN ORDERs,
and their Abbreviations; a DICTIONARY of 1200

MoTToEs, with the English Translations and

Bearers Names; the ORIGIN AND Use of
ARMs; RULES FOR BLAzoNING AND MAR
sHALLING CoAT ARMoURs; A DICTIONARY OF

HERALDRY, with its Terms, in English, French,

and Latin; DEGREEs of THE NOBILITY ANR
GENTRY, TABLEs of PRECEDENCY, &c.; em
bellished with 48 engravings, illustrative of upwards of 1000

examples, including the arms of above 500 families. Royal

18mo: price 21s, with the plates correctly col., 9s. 6d. plain.
plates; and 12s. 6d. on paper prepared for learners to colour.

THE HERALDRY OF CRESTs,

Comprising the crest of every Peer and Baronet'
of Great Britain, and of nearly every Family, (from engrav

ings by the late J. P. E.Lv EN, &c.) with a correct List of

the Nobility, with their Family Names, and copious Indexes
ofall the Bearers. Thewhole accompanied by a Dictionary
of Terms and Remarks, Historical and Explanatory.
It represents, he said, the chosen crest of our

a bear, as ye observe, and rampant,

because a
good herald will depict every animal in its noblest posture,
as a horse saliant, a greyhound courant.Waverley.
Royal 18mo: , Price 10s. bound, or 13s. on prepared
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We class these books together (i.e. Clark and Elven),

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the public, and the surest test of its merit is, that the
volume has reached its eleventh edition. The second puts
forth pretensions of an humbler, but not less useful kind.
may be esteem
It
heral::" as a complete manual of domestic
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S]

Thir

FAMILIAR

LAW ADVISER.

Part 1. PLAIN ADVICE TO LANDLORD's AND

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LoDGERs, with a Comprehensive Summary of
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Price 2s.

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18mo. Price 2s.
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SocIETIES AND SAVING BANKs; being a familiar

Summary of the Two CoNsolIDATING ACTs on
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*** The series will be continued upon other subjects
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THE AUCTIONEER'S AND COMMERCIAL

BROKER'S LAW INSTRUCTOR, with every

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Price 2s. An improved edition.
DOINGS IN LONDON, &c. &c. 8vo. CRUICK
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EDITIorts,

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