RELI 448 Final Exam Answers

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Question 1. (TCO 1) The word religion literally means:

Question 2. (TCO 1) Belief in one God is called:
Question 3. (TCO 2) Who was the German theologian who argued in The Idea of the Holy that
religions emerge when people experience that aspect of reality which is essentially mysterious?
Question 4. (TCO 4) The French thinker who developed the approach of structuralism when he
first recognized extraordinary structural similarities in stories told by tribal peoples of the
Americas was:
Question 5. (TCO 4) Name the American psychologist who viewed religion as positive way of
fulfilling needs and praised its positive influence on the lives of individuals.
Question 6. (TCO 8) Vedic religion was:
Question 7. (TCO 8) The power of a god is often symbolized by:
Question 8. (TCO 9) Hinduism, as formulated in the Upanishads,
Question 9. (TCO 10) Both Jainism and Sikhism:
Question 10. (TCO 8) The Buddhas name comes from a Sanscrit word meaning:
Question 11. (TCO 8) Buddha was silent on questions about:
Question 12. (TCO 8) By his teachings, Confucius hoped to:
Question 13. (TCO 8) Confucius taught that people are:
Question 14. (TCO 9) Which is not a Daoist value?

Question 15. (TCO 9) Daoists view death as:

Question 16. (TCO 5) All of the following ancient world religions are minor religions except:
Question 17. (TCO 11) Taoism does not have this element of a major world religion.
Question 18. (TCO 6) Someone inspired by God to speak for him was called a:
Question 19. (TCO 6) The sacred core of the Hebrew Bible is called the:
Question 20. (TCO 6) The Jewish Day of Atonement is:
Question 21. (TCO 7) Jesus sometimes summed up his teachings in:
Question 22. (TCO 7) Letters written in the New Testament to instruct, encourage, and solve
problems are called:
Question 23. (TCO 6) Muhammads job before he became a prophet was as a:
Question 24. (TCO 6) The month of fasting, the ninth month of the Muslim calendar, is known
as:
Question 25. (TCO 12) Established groups of Wiccans are called:
1. (TCO 4) Compare and contrast Carl Gustav Jungs theory about the origin of religions with
William Jamess theory. How do each of these psychologists view religion (positively or
negatively)? Next, analyze how the insights of Jung or James might illuminate your religious
tradition or the tradition with which you are the most familiar. How would Jung or James
understand that tradition? Use specific examples to support your answer (e.g., a specific belief or
ritual).
Question 2. (TCO 9) Identify and analyze the Four Noble Truths, in particular, the Noble
Eightfold Path. What ideas from Hinduism did Buddhism essentially keep? Describe them.
Include enough details to support your answer.
Question 3. (TCO 3) Explain and evaluate Paleys Teleological Argument for the Existence of
God: In crossing a heath, suppose I pitched my foot against a stone and were asked how the
stone came to be there, I might possibly answer that for anything I knew to the contrary it had
lain there forever; nor would it, perhaps, be very easy to show the absurdity of this answer. But
suppose I had found a watch upon the ground, and it should be inquired how the watch happened
to be in that place, I should hardly think of the answer which I had before given, that for
anything I knew the watch might have always been there. Yet why should not this answer serve

for the watch as well as for the stone? Why is it not as admissible in the second case as in the
first? For this reason, and for no other, namely, that when we come to inspect the watch, we
perceivewhat we could not discover in the stonethat its several parts are framed and put
together for a purpose, e.g., that they are so formed and adjusted as to produce motion, and that
motion so regulated as to point out the hour of the day; that if the different parts had been
differently shaped from what they are, of a different size from what they are, or placed after any
other manner or in any other order than that in which they are placed, either no motion at all
would have been carried on in the machine, or none which would have answered the use that is
now served by it.
To reckon up a few of the plainest of these parts and of their offices, all tending to one result; we
see a cylindrical box containing a coiled elastic spring, which, by its endeavor to relax itself,
turns round the box. We next observe a flexible chainartificially wrought for the sake of
flexurecommunicating the action of the spring from the box to the fusee. We then find a series
of wheels, the teeth of which catch in and apply to each other, conducting the motion from the
fusee to the balance and from the balance to the pointer, and at the same time, by the size and
shape of those wheels, so regulating that motion as to terminate in causing an index, by an
equable and measured progression, to pass over a given space in a given time. We take notice
that the wheels are made of brass, in order to keep them from rust; the springs of steel, no other
metal being so elastic; that over the face of the watch there is placed a glass, a material employed
in no other part of the work, but in the room of which, if there had been any other than a
transparent substance, the hour could not be seen without opening the case.
This mechanism being observedit requires indeed an examination of the instrument, and
perhaps some previous knowledge of the subject, to perceive and understand it; but being once,
as we have said, observed and understoodthe inference we think is inevitable, that the watch
must have had a maker-that there must have existed, at some time and at some place or other, an
artificer or artificers who formed it for the purpose which we find it actually to answer
Paley then argues that if a watch presumes there is a watchmaker then the existence of the
universe must point to a God, who made the universe just as the watchmaker made the watch.
Briefly explain and then evaluate this proof for the existence of God.
Question 4. (TCO 11) Identify and analyze three basic patterns in indigenous religions. Use
examples from traditional Hawaiian religion to support your answer.