Japan Land Use Presentation

AUICK First 2006 Workshop
General Information about Japan 1

Total land area; 377,873k
Total population; 126,285,000
Population density; 334 person/k
City Planning System and

the Environment in Japan
(as of end of Mar. 2001)
Sapporo
47 Prefectures
3,226 Municipalities
Major Cities
Shoichi ANDO Dr.
Sendai
Kyoto
Kobe
United Nations Centre for Regional Development

and Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport
Chiba
Tokyo
Kita-kyusyu
Fukuoka
Kawasaki
Yokohama
Nagoya
Osaka
Hiroshima
UNCRD / MLIT 2006

Change of Population in Japan
Population Distribution
(age)
(Thou. person)
80
140,000
70
126 million
2000
Males
Females
65 and over
60
120,000
Net Increase/Decrease of Population Moving in/out of

Three Metropolitan Region
50
40
15-64
30
100,000
83 million
20
Population
10
0-14
80,000
0
6
60,000
(age)
80
1950
70
Males
(Actual count) (Projection)
(million)
Females
65 and over
60
40,000
50
40
20,000
Tokyo
15-64
30
20
Nagoya
10
0
1920
Osaka
1940
1960
1980
2000
2020
2040
0-14
0
6

M5 over Earthquakes last 70 years
4
6
(million)
Administrative Organization in Japan

Central
Government
47 Prefectures
3,226 Municipalities
672 Cities (12 Designated Cities)
1,987 Towns
567 Villages
(as of Mar. 2003)
Local Governments
Depth
Approving City Planning depending on local circumstance.

Extensive, fundamental City Planning is approved by prefecture
Other City Planning is approved by municipalities
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport

Setting standards and system concerning City Planning.
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery
Ministry of Environment
City Planning Law and related Legislation

Laws for Higher Authorities
Related Laws
City Planning Law
Comprehensive National
Land Development Law
National Land Utilization
Planning Law
National Capital Region
Development Law
etc.
Law for Improvement of

Agricultural Promotion Area
Forestry Law
Law for Prevention of
Natural Environment
Natural Park Law
etc.
National Land Use Planning System

National Land Utilization Planning Law
Basic Land Use Master Plan
Development Project
Related
Building Standard Law

Ports and Harbors Law
Act Concerning Agricultural
Land
etc.
Land Readjustment Law

New Residential Build-up
Area Development Law
Urban Renewal Law
etc.
Prefectural Plan
Municipal Plan
City Planning Law

Land Use Zoning
Related
National Plan
City Planning Area
Facilities Related
Law for Improvement of Agricultural Promotion Area
Road Law
Tramway Law
River Law
City Parks Law
Sewerage Law
Parking Place Law
etc.
City Planning Law
Forestry Law
Law for Prevention of Natural Environment
Natural Park Law
City Planning Law
Purpose of City Planning Law
Principles of City Planning
(amended in 1968)
The substance of city planning

The procedure for deciding it
Restrictions concerning city planning
City Planning projects
Healthy and cultured urban life

Functional urban activities
The sound harmony with agriculture,
forestry and fishery
Rational utilization of land under due
regulations
To realize the sound development and

systematic improvement of cities
City Planning Law
Structure of City Planning System
Designation of City Planning Area
City Planning Law
Procedure of City Planning Approval

(If the approving body is municipalities)
Designation of Quasi-city Planning Area
Proposal for City Planning by land owners, community planning NPOs, etc.
City Planning Approval

Master Plan for City planning Area
Municipal Master Plan
(Improvement, Development and Conservation policies for

a City Planning Area prepared by prefectural government)
(Basic policy of City Planning by a

municipality)
(Proposal requirements)
Integral area of specified size (generally over 5,000) or larger
Conformity with the legal criteria regarding City Planning Law
Agreements of 2/3 or more of land owners
Judgment by the municipal govt. on acceptance or rejection of City Planning based on the proposals
City Planning based on the proposals is judged to be necessary
Land Use Regulations

Area Division (Urbanization Promotion Area, Urbanization Control Area)
Zones and Districts (Land Use zone, Fire Protection zone, Other additional zonings)
Urban Facilities (Transportation Facilities, Urban Parks, Sewerage, Others)
Public Hearing and

Explanation Meeting
Urban Development Projects (Land Readjustment Projects, Urban Redevelopment Projects, etc)
Submission of concerned
residents opinion
District Plan
(Redevelopment Promotion District etc.)
Application of City Planning

Land Development Permission (Area division)
Building Confirmation (Zoning and District plan)
Summaries
Draft Plan
Public Review
City Planning Council of

municipal government
City Planning based on the

proposals is judged to be
unnecessary
Submission of the proposals
to the City Planning Council
Notification of the reason it

does not approve City Plan
to the proponents
Validation of prefectural
government
City Planning approval
City Planning Law
Authorizing Body of City Planning

Approval of the prefecture
Approval of the municipality
1.Area Division
All
2.Zones and
Districts
Land Use Zone within important

district included National plans, such as
metropolitan regions
Land Use Zone other than the left

Other additional zonings such as
Fire Protection District, Height
Control District, Specified Block etc.
National Roads, Prefectural Roads,

Expressways
Large-width municipal roads as part of
wide-area networks
National Parks
Large-scale parks with extensive
coverage
Public sewerage with drainage area
covering multiple municipalities
Local roads other than the left
3.Urban Facilities
a.Roads
b.Parks and
greenery
c.Sewerage
4.District Plan
Concept of Land Use Planning

Quasi-City Planning Area
City Planning Area
Development is controlled by the Land

Development Permission System in UCA
Urbanization Control Area (UCA)
Area Division
Parks and greenery other than the
left
Development is Promoted in UPA
Public sewerage with drainage

area covering one municipalities
All
Urbanization Promotion Area (UPA)
City Planning Area

Area that needs improvement, development and conservation
as a integral part of a city.
Population is more than 100,000 people.
Be applicable to the above within about 10 years.
Population of the central city area is more than 3,000 people.
There are tourist resources such as a hot spring.
Many buildings were lost due to the disaster, etc.
Area Division
The Area Division, delineation of Urbanization Promotion
Area (UPA) and Urbanization Control Area (UCA), is in
order to prevent urban sprawl and to realize building up
according to a plan.

is already urbanized
should be developed within 10 years.
Master Plan
Improvement, Development and Conservation policy of a City
Planning Area that is prepared by the prefectural government.
(Contents)

whose urbanization should be controlled.
general development activities are
restricted in principle.
Object of City Planning (Basic concept of town-making and town image of the area)
Area Division and policy on Area Division
Policies on major decisions on City Planning (Land use, improvement of Urban
facilities, Urban redevelopment projects, improvement/preservation of the natural
environment)
Land Use Classification

in City Planning and Agriculture
City Planning Area
Urbanization
Promotion Area
Urbanization
Control Area
(UCA)
(UPA)
Agricultural Land Area with High Quality or
Agriculture Infrastructure Implemented Area
Agricultural Use Promotion Area
Current Land and Population

by Area Division and City Planning Area
14,381km2 (3.8%)
37,750km2 (10.0%)
Non-Divided City
Planning Area
46,564km2 (12.3%)
Area
Outside City Planning Area
279,178km2 (73.9%)
Outside City Planning Area

9.5million (7.5%)
Non-Divided City
Planning Area
20.3million
(16.0%)
Urbanization Control Area
(UCA) 12.4million (9.8%)
Population
Urbanization Promotion Area

(UPA) 84.2million (66.7%)
Land Use Zone
Concept of Land Use Planning System
(Only in the UPA)
District Plan
Other Additional Zonings
(include Fire Prevention
District and FAR bonus
system etc.)
Land Use Zones
(Only in UPA)
UCA
Urbanization Control Area
UPA
Urbanization Promotion Area
City Planning Area
Control of Building Use by Land Use Districts
Land Use Zone

Land Use and Building Regulations attached to each Zone
Examples
Land Use Zone controls Volume, height of buildings as

well as use of them under provisions of the Building
Standard Law.
Max. floor area ratios (%)
Category of Land Use Zone
Max. building coverage

ratios (%)
House
Schools
Shrine,Church,Clinic
Hospital, University
Store (150 Max.)
1 Category I exclusively low-story residential Zone
50,60,80,100,150,200
30,40,50,60
Store (500 Max.)
2 Category II exclusively low-story residential Zone
50,60,80,100,150,200
30,40,50,60
Office, Store, etc
3 Category I medium-high oriented residential Zone 100,150,200,300,400,500
30,40,50,60
Hotel
4 Category II medium-high oriented residential Zone
100,150,200,300,400,500
30,40,50,60
Karaoke Box
5 Category I residential Zone
100,150,200,300,400,500
50,60,80
Independent Garage
6 Category I residential Zone
100,150,200,300,400,500
50,60,80
Warehouse
7 Quasi-residential Zone
100,150,200,300,400,500
50,60,80
Theater
8 Neighborhood commercial Zone
100,150,200,300,400,500
60,80
200,300,4001300
9 Commercial Zone
100,150,200,300,400,500
10 Quasi-industrial Zone
80
50,60,80
11 Industrial Zone
100,150,200,300,400
50,60
12 Exclusively Industrial Zone
100,150,200,300,400
30,40,50,60
Restriction on Construction according to

the Fire Zoning (Based on the Building Standard Law)
Zoning
Scale of Building
Fire Protection Stories; 3 or more

District
Floor area: more than 100 m2
Quasi-fire
Protection
District
Neigh.
1 Low. 2 Low. 1 Med. 2 Med.
1
2
Quasi
Ex.
Com. Quasi
Ind. D.
Com.
D. Ind. D.
Res.D. Res.D. Res. D Res. D. Res. D. Res. D. Res. D.
Ind. D.
D.
Auto Repair Shop

Factory with SOME possibility of Danger
or Environmental Degradation
Factory with STRONG possibility of
Danger or Environmental Degradation
Can be built
Usually cannot be built
Lessons of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake

Danger of densely built-up areas
The areas with high concentration of small houses whose average lot areas is under
100 have high risk of big fires according to the Building Research Institute (BRI).
Required Construction
It is clear that urban areas where rate of fireproof building is low and density of building is
high, become vulnerable against disasters.
Fire resistive Building

Other than the Above
Fire resistive Building or

Quasi-fire resistive Building
Stories; 4 or more
Floor area: more than 1,500 m2
Floor area:more than 500m2

(no more than 1,500m2)

Stories; 3

or Specific Wood Building
Can be built under some conditions
Kobe damaged by the Great

Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake (1995)
Dead 6,434 Missing 3 persons
Collapsed 104,906 units
District Plan
Regulations under the District Plan
Construction of low buildings is not permitted here.
1) Location of public facilities [local roads,

small park, open spaces, footpaths, etc.]
Height of buildings is to be regulated.
Oak trees are to be protected.

This is designated as a
shopping mall, so a shop is
to be created at street level.
The location and width of roads

are decided through discussions.
Construction of new buildings

on a site proposed for a
road/park is to be avoided.
This is a residential district, so a

factory should not be located here.
To widen footway, the

building needs to be
set back from the road.
Construction of high
buildings is not permitted.
A hedge should
be created here.
2) Building control and regulations [land-use,

FAR, BCR, scale of building lot, set back of
building from the boundaries, design, hedge,
etc.]
3) Preservation of green areas
The site should not be devided into

pieces for small-scale developments.
The layout of the buildings should not
be over the proposed road.
Urban Facilities
Characteristics of Urban Facilities

(Example of Roads)
Types of Urban Facilities in City Planning

Transport Failities
roads, urban rail transit system, car parks, automobile terminals, etc.
Public Spaces
parks, open spaces, plazas, etc.
Utilities
water, sewerage, electricity, gas, etc.
Waterways
rivers, canals, etc.
Education facilities, etc.
Expressways
Roads exclusively for the use of vehicles on which
high speed limits
Arterial Roads
Roads for the critical need as traffic channels and as
supply and disposal routes.
Feeder Roads
Roads located at frequent intervals for the
convenience of the residents
Special Roads
Roads for the exclusive use of pedestrians, and other
non-vehicular transportation.
City Planning Approval

Building activities can be restricted in approved areas.
Implementing body is empowered to purchase of land compulsory.
Urban Development Projects

Solution of the Fractional Landownership
Supply of Housing Lots
Efficient Development of Roads Approved in City Planning

Land Readjustment Project
Before

Measure
Objective
: Replotting (Exchanging Rights from One Land to Another)

: Development of Public Facilities
Increase of Use in Building Lots
Replot
Urban Redevelopment Project

Measure
Objective
: Right Conversion
(Exchanging Rights from a Land to a Building Floor )
: Rational and Sound High Utilization of Land
Development of Public Facilities
Contribution
After
Public Facilities
(Roads, Parks, etc.)
Project Finance
(Reserve Land)
Examples : Urban Renewal Type
Examples : New Town Type
After
After
Before
Before
Before
Examples : Urban Center Redevelopment Type

A, B : Land Owners
D : Land leaseholder
C : Tenant
After
Right Conversion
After
X : Purchasers of the available
floor space or union members.
Before

Example
Landscape Law
(Established in 2004, MLIT, MAFF, MOE)
Basic ideas
Favorable landscape is a common asset for present and future national citizens.
Landscape formation requires harmony with nature, history, culture, etc., in the region,
peoples lifestyles, economic activities, etc.
Landscape should be formed in diversified ways to promote each regions individuality.
Landscape should be formed with consideration to activation of tourism and the region.
Landscape formation should be promoted through collaboration among residents,
businesses, and administration.
Responsibilities
Residents
They play an active role in the formation of favorable landscape.
They cooperate in national Government and local public body
measures.
Local public bodies

They establish and implement measures
according to various natural and social
conditions of the area, regarding formation
of favorable landscape.
Businesses
They work to form favorable landscape, related to

business activities.
They cooperate in national Government and local
public body measures.
The national Government
It establishes and implements comprehensive measures regarding the

formation of favorable landscape.
It deepens national citizens understanding through diffusion and
enlightenment activities, etc.
Landscape Law
Landscape Planning Areas
(Systems)
(Areas other than city planning areas can also be designated.)
Mild regulation and induction based on notification and admonition regarding construction of buildings,
etc.
As to designs and colors of buildings and structures, it is possible to order change by establishing an
ordinance.
Establishment of public facilities important for landscape, and special cases under the Multipurpose
Underground Conduit Law
Regulation, such as on changing the character of agricultural land, strengthening of measures for land
people stopped cultivating, promotion of forestry business
Landscape councils
Administration, residents, public
facility administrators, etc., conduct
conferences, and make rules
regarding landscape.
Landscape
agreement
Landscape Districts
Soft-aspect support
Making detailed rules on

landscape based on
agreement by residents
[Open caf project example]
Landscape formation
organizations
(City planning)
Designation of districts for aggressive formation of
favorable landscape using city planning methods
[Image of efforts at a shopping

street]
The chief of a landscape administrative

organization designates an NPO
corporation or public-interest corporation.
Landscape formation organizations
conduct management of buildings and
trees important for landscape, acquisition
of rights to use land that people have
stopped cultivating, and others.
The first comprehensive regulation on designs,

colors, height, lot area, etc., of buildings and
structures
Such actions as piling of wastes and changing the
land character can also be regulated by establishing
an ordinance.
Buildings and trees

important for landscape
Designation and aggressive protection of
buildings, structures, and trees important
for landscape
[Image]
It Is Possible to Choose Regulation and Induction

Methods According to Characteristics of Regions
Aiming to conduct mild regulation
and induction based on notification
and admonition.
Landscape Planning Areas
Collaboration with the Outdoor

Advertising Materials Law
Use of deregulation measures
Public Facilities Important for Landscape
Introduction of a landscape authorization

system regarding items requiring discretion,
such as forms, colors, and designs of
buildings, etc.
It is also possible to decide separate

standards and actions applicable to
notification, within the region.
Securing of numerical items (height of

buildings, position of wall surface, lowest
limit of lot area) by building construction
authorization.
Specific standards and actions applicable

to notifications are decided by a
landscape administrative organization.
It is possible to stipulate regulation on other

necessary items, such as changing land
character, by an ordinance, and implement it.
Procedures according to city planning in city planning

and semi-city-planning areas, and corresponding
procedures in other areas (semi-landscape districts)
Areas are set up in

landscape planning.
Image of a Region Applicable to Landscape Law

Natural park
Landscape administrative
organizations
Landscape Districts
It is possible to order change regarding

certain items stipulated in an ordinance,
when necessary.
[Image of a cityscape]
[Image of a
completed pocket
park, etc.]
Aiming to induce formation of favorable

Landscape rather aggressively.
Public facility administrators
Semi-landscape
district
Buildings important for landscape

Outside the city planning area
Inside the
city planning
area
Landscape
Landscape planning
planning based
based on
on the
the Landscape
Landscape Law
Law
Conference
Public facilities important for landscape

(Paragraph 5 of SubSub-Section 2 of Section 8)
Request
Items regarding formation

and improvement
Planning on respective public facilities
Agreement
(Roads, rivers, city parks, beaches, ports and harbors, etc.)
Respect
It is possible to request designation of public

facilities that are important for landscape
(attachment of a draft report) (Section 10)
Trees
important for
landscape
Area planning to
develop a landscape
agriculture
promotion region
Landscape
planning area
Public facilities
important for
landscape
Landscape
district
Formation and improvement according to

landscape planning (Section 47)
Standards on permission
(more stringent prefectural
standards for permission for
exclusive use)
Urbanization
control area
(UCA)
Special cases of permission (Sections 49

to 54)
[Images]
Urbanization
promotion
area (UPA)
Permission for exclusive use according to the standards

provided in landscape planning
Road
River
Landscape
district
Special cases in the Multipurpose

Underground Conduit Law concerning Roads
Important for Landscape (Section 48)
When necessary for landscape, it is
possible to designate a road that requires
construction of multipurpose underground
conduits.
Beach
Buildings important
for landscape
Port
Images of effects by the Landscape Law (City area)

It becomes possible to present advertising
materials in harmony with the cityscape,
through stipulating installation standards for
outdoor advertising materials in a landscape
plan, and restricting designs and colors.
It is possible to induce the creation of buildings that

are in harmony with the surroundings, by restricting
designs, colors, etc., in a landscape planning area
and a landscape district.
A shopping street can be activated through promoting a sense of

uniformity, regarding colors of shop windows and awnings,
installation of wagons, etc., by establishing a landscape
agreement through initiative by the region.
Buildings important for landscape
Background of Revision of the Urban

Green Space Protection Law (in 2004)
By the 2nd report of the Parks and Green Space Subcommittee (March 24, 2003)
1. Legal systems
In a landscape district, application of slant line

restriction can be excluded by stipulating height of
buildings, wall surface position, etc., enabling formation
of a unified skyline.
Shopping street
expression that
is not attractive
to pedestrians
By using the
Landscape Law
Pavement, guardrails, boulevard trees, etc., can be

arranged according to landscape planning, by
positioning roads as public facilities important for
landscape.
Huge and garish

advertising materials
that do not match the
cityscape
Integration of the Urban Green Space

Protection Law and the City Park Law
A legal system to integratedly promote protection of green space
and formation of city parks
A system related to protection of green
space and greening
Measures to protect green space in the suburbs of a city by a
notification and admonition system, etc.
A system related to city parks
Measures to set up city park areas three-dimensionally
Buildings whose
designs and colors
are not unified
Un-unified skyline due
to slant line restriction
Measures to promote leased-land parks

It becomes possible to positively
protect buildings that will be landmarks
of the region, by positioning buildings
that are important for forming favorable
landscape, as such buildings.
Street liveliness can be created by using a landscape

council, when installing open cafs, etc., in public
space.
Measures to facilitate regional residents participation in park

management, etc.
Road space without a pleasant

feeling or sense of uniformity
Buildings important
for landscape are
not effectively used.
2. Administrative and financial support

Extra space desired to
be effectively used
Outline on
promotion of global
warming measures
Outline on heat island

measures
New biodiversity
national strategy
March 19, 2002

Established by the Global
Warming Measures
Promotion Headquarters
Promotion of city
greening, etc., as
absorption source
management, and as
diffusion and
enlightenment of global
warming measures to
national citizens
March 27, 2002
March 30, 2004

A liaison conference among
offices and ministries related
to heat island measures
Establishment of a
greening region system,
etc., to promote
improvement, etc., of
ground surface covering,
as heat island measures
Established by the council of

ministers related to
protection of the global
environment
Securing of forest land

that supports biodiversity,
and allocation / formation
of park green space
considering the natural
environment
Establishment of Green Space Protection Region System

Protection and
regeneration of the
environmental
infrastructure in a large
city region, etc.
Protection of land and
mountains in the
suburbs of cities,
important for securing,
etc., of biodiversity.
Protection of green
space in harmony with
city formation /
improvement, from a
relatively wide-area
viewpoint, is needed.
A green space protection
system in harmony with
land use by landowners,
etc., is needed.
[Urban Green Space

Protection Law]
Biodiversity
measures
[Urban Green
Space Law]
Heat island
measures
Global warming
measures
Outline of the new Urban Green Space Law (2004)

Basic plan on greenery (municipalities)
Green space protection regions (region districts
Protection of green space by notification of actions, targeting green space in the
suburbs of cities
Expansion of application of a management agreement system to green space
protection regions, etc.
Management agreement
A system to promote good management of green space, through conclusion of
agreements between local public bodies, etc., and landowners
Greening regions (region districts)

Making it obligatory to establish greenery on part of the site, targeting
buildings with large-scale sites
Use of district plans

Restriction by an ordinance to protect green space positioned in a
district plan
[City Park Law]
Response to Global Environment Problems
Addition of items regarding city park formation policy, to the basic plan on greenery
Formation of city parks

Establishment of a multi-level city park system
System of park management by various implementers
Promotion of formation of leased-land parks
Establishment of Greening Region System

In a city center, etc.,
there is a limit to
securing greenery by
public space, such as
through formation of a
city park.
The conventional green space protection districts are based on the present-state freeze
protection system according to an authorization system, and they are not suitable for
such green space protection.
Green space protection region system

Realizes protection of green space in harmony with land use by landowners, etc., based on a
notification / order system, which is a milder action regulation than the authorization
system.
Prefectures establish a green space protection plan and stipulate standards on action
regulation, etc., according to the actual state of each green space.
Compensates for loss that usually occurs accompanying action regulation; does not allow
offering to purchase land.
A management agreement system can be used, as with the green space protection
districts.
It is necessary to
powerfully promote
greening of building
sites that occupy the
majority of urban areas.
Establishment of Greening Region system

Applicable areas: An area designated, in city planning, as a region district in a region that is
short of green space necessary for formation of a good urban environment,
in an area with designated zoning
Application of regulation: New construction / enlargement (assuming enlargement of floor
area by about 20% or more) of buildings with respective lot areas of a scale
stipulated by government ordinance (assuming about 1,000 m2, with study
proceeding to lower the applicable scale in a certain range, by an ordinance)
or larger.
Content of regulation: Making it obligatory to set the greenery rate of building site at the lowest
greenery rate stipulated in city planning or higher (considering regulation
related to building standards = being a requirement for building construction
authorization)
* The lowest limit of the greenery rate = a smaller rate of 25% of the site area or 1 (building coverage ratio
+ 10%)
* Establishment of a system that enables similar greenery rate regulation by district planning
UNCRD Disaster Management Planning Hyogo Office
Use of the District Plan

The District Plan
Stipulates items regarding facilities, such as narrow streets, and form, site, etc., of
buildings, while reflecting residents opinions, as to district-level urban areas.
As to protection of green space, items regarding protection of objects necessary to
secure a good living environment, such as presently existing forest land and grass
fields, can be stipulated.
1991
http://www.hyogo.uncrd.or.jp
E-mail: rep@uncrd.hyogo.or.jp
Tel: 81-78-262-5560 Fax: 81-78-262-5568
2001
Danger of losing green space

valuable for the district, because the
only protection means is based on
the notification /admonition system,
which has weak regulation power.
END
To enable a municipality chief authorization system by

establishing an ordinance.
Thorough protection of relatively small-scale green space, such as residential

forest, valuable for protecting the natural environment in the district, based on
residents agreement.
Himeji Castle,
Hyogo, Japan
June 23, 2006

AUICK KOBE
World Major Disasters since 1970

67,000
UNCRD Programs on
Disaster Management
Shoichi Ando Dr.
Coordinator
Disaster Management Planning Hyogo Office
UNCRD
(United Nations Centre for Regional Development)
1
Vulnerable Houses (Adobe)
Pakistan
Eq
2005
78,0002
Vulnerable Houses (Stone)
2001 India
2001 India
Organizational Structure of UNCRD
Vulnerable Houses (RC)
UNCRD
Advisory Committee
Director
Africa Office
Project Office for Latin

America and the Caribbean
Nagoya Office
Sr. Operations Advisor
Administrative Service
Disaster Management
Planning Hyogo Office
Research
Environment
Human Security
Publication & Library
Training
External Affairs
Computer Operations
Operations
1999 Turkey
Objectives and Activities of UNCRD

Major Goal
Sustainable Regional Development
Activities
z Training: Hold annually training course for
developing countries
z Provide advisory services in regional development
z Promote the exchange of data on the research of
practical experience
7
1999 Opening of Hyogo Office

- CBDM projects (HTF)
- GESI, SESI (Schools)
- Field survey, Recovery
2005 UN World Conference on
Disaster Reduction, Kobe
Disaster Management Planning Sub-programs
z
z
z
z
z
History of Disaster Management Programs

1971 Foundation of UNCRD
(1985(1985-1999: before Hyogo Office, in Nagoya)
Three Sub-goals
z Economic Development
z Environmental Conservation
z Human Settlement Development
Disaster Management Planning
United Nations Centre for Regional Development (UNCRD)
The Mega-City Risk Assessment Project in China

Comparison on effective early seismic warning systems
in Mega-cities (Mexico City & Kawasaki City)
Cyclone Disaster Management in Bangladesh
Support the activities of IDNDR
Quake Busters educational software for children
The Development of GIS for disaster management
Learn from the best practices and recent examples
1985 First Disaster Program

1995 Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake
Disaster Management
Planning Hyogo Office
8
Memorial magnolia, March 2006
In 1999, Establishment of the Disaster

Management Planning Hyogo Office
z
z
Kobe Earthquake,1995
IDNDR (United Nations International Decade for Natural
Disaster Reduction 1990-1999)
Research, Training and Advisory Services 9
Goals of Disaster Management Planning

Hyogo Office
Government
Act Locally,
Disseminate
Globally
People
Develop programs on
the needs of the
stakeholders
Non-government
Academics
(NGOs)
(Research Institutes,
11
Universities)
10
Target of UNCRD Hyogo Office

UNCRD Hyogo Office aims to enhance the
capacity of local people and governments
with various partners, to make
communities safer.
Motivation and
actions at individual
and community level
are essential.
12
UNCRD Projects (1999 - 2006) and Concepts
Disaster Reduction and Development

UNCRD
UNCRDs Role and Practices
To know the Hazard: Active Fault Mapping
To know Risk Management Options:
Global Earthquake Safety Initiative (GESI)
To apply the Risk Management Solutions:
Community-Based Disaster Management (CBDM)

1999-2001 Regions, 2002-04 Sustainability,
2005-2007 Urbanization and CBDM
School Earthquake Safety Initiative (SESI)
2005-2006 Safer Schools for Children project
13
14
Community Based Approach for

Disaster Management Plans
Why Community Based Disaster

Management (CBDM) ?
z Local
people are potential victims and

assume responsibility in managing the risk
(Over 90% of victims at the 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji

Earthquake lost lives by the collapse of their own houses.)
z Local
people respond first and remain last

to rebuild safer communities
(Around 80% of people who were saved under the debris

were rescued by the neighbors at the 1995 Earthquake.)
15
16
Global Earthquake Safety Initiative

(GESI)
GESI) with 41 cities worldwide
UNCRD Activities for CBDM
Partnership among local/national government, and NGO

Joint initiative with GHI
z Dissemination
of best practices
z Initiation of model projects
z Development of practical guidelines /
tools for risk assessment and CBDM
z Training and advisory services
z Building partnership internationally and
locally
Objective of the Project

- To know where the risk is the most
- To understand the causes of the risk
- To provide affordable city specific solution
- To enhance an effective decision making system
End-users
City and regional disaster managers and decision
makers
17
18
PNY Patanka NewNew-Life Project
GESI City risk analysis
Rehabilitation after Gujarat Earthquake of January

2001, focusing on nonnon-engineered construction
to better understand the causes and countermeasures
Partnership with:
EDM, NCPDP,
NGOs Kobe,
NSET-Nepal,
and SEEDS
Training
Education
Awareness
Confidence
Risk comparison among the cities
Sources of Earthquake Lethality Potential are

diverse in each city.
What Delhi needs to do to reduce its risk is
19
different from what San Salvador needs to do.
Afghanistan Training and

Livelihood Initiative
20
2001 India
Shake Table Demonstration

Stone with mud
mortar structure
With national governments, Kabul University, SFL, CODE, and NSET
Comparison of
resistance to
Earthquake
between
Normal vs.
Retrofitted
Objectives
z To develop guidelines
(Persian) for earthquake
safer construction practice
z To conduct training of
masons and engineers
z To recover livelihood
21
Build Peoples confidence/ Simple and effective means,

Enhance understanding of performance of simple structures,
Incorporate people into process of transferring technology 22
2003 Afghanistan
2001 India
Improvised Shake Table

Demonstration
23
For reconstruction of Exhibition at World

Conference in Bam, Iran, Nov. 2004 and
World Conference on Disaster Reduction
(WCDR) in Kobe, Jan. 2005
24
2001 India
Sustainability in Communityommunity-Based
Disaster Management (2002(2002-2005)
UNCRD Activities at WCDR

(World Conference on Disaster Reduction)
Jan. 2005, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
Year 1 (2002):
Framework for sustainable CBDM
through 6 case studies in Bangladesh,
Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Nepal,
and the Philippines
Year 2 (2003):
Development of Guidelines for
Sustainable CBDM and field testing in
Bangladesh, Viet Nam, and the
Philippines
Year 3 (2004):
Application of the Guidelines in Viet
Nam and Mongolia, Partnership building
Publication of the outcome of the various CBDM

projects Users Guide, Tapestry, and Digest
Panel 4 on reducing the underlying risk factors
Sessions on CBDM (21 Jan. 2005) and Policies

for Safer Housing/Building (19 Jan. 2005)
International Symposium on Safer Communities

on 21 Jan. 2005 in Kobe.
Shake Table Demonstration on 18 and 21 Jan.
25
26
2001 India
UNCRDs Activities in 2005 WCDR in Kobe
Fields of Disaster Management
27
New Programs of UNCRD 2005
28
New Programs of UNCRD 2006

(Planned)
z Urbanisation
z Housing
and Community-Based
Disaster Management (2005-2007) in
Nepal, Bangladesh, Indonesia,
Thailand and Sri Lanka.
Earthquake Safety Initiative

(HESI) as a three-year program
(2006-2008)
Anti-seismic Building Code

Dissemination (ABCD) project (2006)
in Nepal, Indonesia, Japan, and other
seismic countries.
z Reducing
Vulnerability of School
Children to Earthquake project
(2005- 2006) in Uzbekistan, India,
Indonesia and Fiji.
29
(based on the application)
30
Urbanisation and Community-Based

Disaster Management (2005-2007)
Reducing Vulnerability of School

Children to Earthquake (2005-2006)
31
32
School Earthquake Safety Initiative

(SESI)
School Earthquake Safety

Initiative (SESI)
- Seeing is believing
- Doing is believing
- Training of school children
- Promotion of Mitigation Culture
Retrofit
Bal Vikas Secondary School, Nepal
Strengthen school buildings (retrofitting)

Technology transfer and training of masons/engineers
Disaster education and mitigation culture
33
34
Source: ITB, Indonesia 2001
Housing Earthquake Safety Initiative

(HESI) Anti-seismic Building Code Dissemination
Field Surveys of Past Disasters
(ABCD) project (2006)
35
36
Field Survey
Recent Symposiums and Publications
(North Pakistan Earthquake)
37
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2004
2004
2004
2004
2005
2005
Intl Workshop on Earthquake Safer World, Kobe

Intl Workshop on Reconstruction, India
Towards Sustainable Community Recovery, PNY
Sustainability in Grass-Roots Initiatives: CBDM
Guidelines for Earthquake Resistant Design
From Disaster to Community Development, Kobe
Intl Symposium on Community Legacy, Kobe
Intl Conf. on Partnership in CBDM in Asia, India
A Users Guide CBDM Practices in Asia
UNCRD Tapestry / UNCRD Digest
World Conf. on Disaster Reduction (WCDR), Kobe
38
UNCRD at UN WCDR 2005, Proceedings
Japanese Proverbs
UNCRD
Disaster Management Planning
Hyogo Office
http://www.hyogo.uncrd.or.jp
39
E-mail: rep@uncrd.hyogo.or.jp
Tel: 81-78-262-5560 Fax: 81-78-262-5568
40

Japan Land Use Presentation

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AUICK First 2006 Workshop

General Information about Japan 1

City Planning System and

(as of end of Mar. 2001)

Shoichi ANDO Dr.

United Nations Centre for Regional Development

UNCRD / MLIT 2006

General Information about Japan 2

General Information about Japan 3

Net Increase/Decrease of Population Moving in/out of

(Actual count) (Projection)

General Information about Japan 4

Administrative Organization in Japan

(as of Mar. 2003)

Approving City Planning depending on local circumstance.

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery

AUICK First 2006 Workshop

City Planning Law and related Legislation

City Planning Law

Law for Improvement of

National Land Use Planning System

Building Standard Law

Land Readjustment Law

City Planning Law

City Planning Area

Law for Improvement of Agricultural Promotion Area

City Planning Law

City Planning Law

Purpose of City Planning Law

Principles of City Planning

The substance of city planning

Healthy and cultured urban life

To realize the sound development and

City Planning Law

Structure of City Planning System

Designation of City Planning Area

City Planning Law

Procedure of City Planning Approval

Designation of Quasi-city Planning Area

City Planning Approval

Municipal Master Plan

(Improvement, Development and Conservation policies for

(Basic policy of City Planning by a

Land Use Regulations

Public Hearing and

(Redevelopment Promotion District etc.)

Application of City Planning

City Planning Council of

City Planning based on the

Notification of the reason it

City Planning approval

AUICK First 2006 Workshop

City Planning Law

Authorizing Body of City Planning

Approval of the municipality

Land Use Zone within important

Land Use Zone other than the left

National Roads, Prefectural Roads,

Local roads other than the left

Concept of Land Use Planning

Development is controlled by the Land

Urbanization Control Area (UCA)

Public sewerage with drainage