Export Procedure &amp Manufacturing Process

Export Procedure & Manufacturing Process
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SUMMER TRAINING REPORT SUBMITTED TOWARDS THE

PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF POST GRADUATE DEGREE IN
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
EXPORT PROCEDURE &

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MANUFACTURING PROCESS.
SUBMITTED BY:
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JATIN KUMAR SINGH

MBA-IB (2008-2010)
Roll No. : A-33
INDUSTRY GUIDE FACULTY GUIDE

Mr. PRASHANT TIWARY Ms. GEETA JAGLAN
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MANAGER(COMMERCIAL)
BANARAS BEADS LTD.
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AMITY INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS SCHOOL,

NOIDA
AMITY UNIVERSITY – UTTAR PRADESH
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Chapter No. Subject Page No.
Ch. # 1.0 Executive Summary 5

Ch. # 2.0 Research Methodology
2.1 Research Problem 6
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2.2 Objectives of the Report 7

2.3 Scope of the Study 8
2.4 Limitations 9
Ch. # 3.0 Company Profile 10-21

3.1 Financials of BBL 22-28
3.2 Competitors Analysis 29-33
3.3 Export Procedure 34-45
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3.4 Manufacturing Process 46-77

3.5 SWOT Analysis 78-80
Ch. # 4.0 Findings & Analysis 81-82
Ch. # 5.0 Recommendations 83
Ch. # 6.0 Bibliography 84
Ch. # 7.0 Synopsis of the Project 85-86
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CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN
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This is to certify that Mr. JATIN KUMAR SINGH, a student of Post

Graduate Degree in MBA (IB), Amity International Business School, Noida
has worked in the BANARAS BEADS LTD., under the able guidance and
supervision of Mr. PRASHANT TIWARY, MANAGER (COMMERCIAL),
BANARAS BEADS LTD. The period for which he was on training was for
EIGHT weeks, starting from MAY 4 2009 to JULY 4 2009. This Summer
Internship report has the requisite standard for the partial fulfillment the Post
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Graduate Degree in International Business. To the best of our knowledge no

part of this report has been reproduced from any other report and the
contents are based on original research.
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Signature Signature
(Faculty Guide) (Student)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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I express my sincere gratitude to my industry guide Mr. Prashant Tiwari,

(Manager, Banaras Beads Ltd.), for his able guidance, continuous support and
cooperation throughout my project, without which the present work would not
have been possible.
I would also like to thank the entire team of Banaras Beads Ltd., for the constant
support and help in the successful completion of my project.
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Also, I am thankful to my faculty guide Ms. Geeta Jaglan of my institute, for his
continued guidance and invaluable encouragement.
Signature
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(Student)
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The main objective of the research was to have a brief outline of the process
carried out in Banaras Beads Ltd.
There were two main processes on which I was focusing i.e.

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1. Export Procedure
2. Manufacturing Process
For this I carried out analysis to know about the various processes in detail. For
this I visited the manufacturing units & also the factory where final touch is given
to the products. I carried out this Research for Banaras Beads Ltd. to find out
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what the competitor’s product offerings are and to know about the type of
products consumer’s want. After my study few recommendations were given so
as to increase the market share for Banaras Beads Ltd. were to be given.
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REASEARCH METHODOLOGY
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Research problem: - Creation of New Designs of Beads

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Change is so pervasive in our lives that it almost defeats description and

analysis. One can think of it in a very general way as alteration. But alteration in
a thing raises subtle problems. One of the most perplexing is the problem of the
consistency of change: how can one thing have incompatible properties and yet
remain the same thing? Some have held that change is a consistent process,
and rendered so by the existence of time. Others have held that the only way to
make sense of change is as an inconsistency. This entry surveys the history of
this problem and cognate issues, and concludes that the case for change as
inconsistency cannot be dismissed so easily
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With the help of Asst. Marketing Manager, Mr. Vinay Dave, I got to see
thousands of designs of glass beads, and creating new designs of beads was
one of the works assigned by him in my training program. Creating new designs
of beads is really a work of creativity and innovation. For new designs, I collected
designs from all the major bead makers in the world from the internet. I also
consulted the craftsmen and workers who have lot of experience in the field and
who are who well versed with the customer likes and dislikes.
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Problem Formulation
• The reasons behind untimely delivery of goods to the consignee.
• How the designing of beads is done.

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• The problems during exports of beads.

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Objective of the project
 To know about the designs of glass beads.
 How the company creates new designs of beads.
 To know the basic procedure of export
 To know about the basic export documentation.

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 To analyze the strength and weakness.

 To give findings and solutions.
 To relate theory with practice.
 To know the history about the company.
 To familiarize with a business organization.
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Scope of the study

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The scope of the study is limited to the products manufactured and also the
information provided by the company. The Research helped me to analyze
various options available to a consumer regarding the various varieties of beads
& other products which were available to them .this study is also focusing on the
various export procedures required for the completion of an order. The report
covers almost all the processes starting from the receipt of order till the final
shipment is done.
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Secondary Data
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The data was collected from the books and records of the company, acquiring
familiarity with the various form used during the processing of exports,
corresponding with banks and also the officers of the company. I also got the
chance to meet the chairman of the company who was kind enough to provide
me the required information. I collected data from the various books, journal
newspaper and internet .Publications of BBL were also helpful in writing this
report.
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Limitations of the study
Although I have taken care to keep the study to be unaffected of any

inconsistencies, a few have been unavoidable. Listed below are a few of the
limitations that this study suffers from:
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• This study is based on secondary data, and its accuracy depends on

variety on accuracy of the data.
• The study is done from a neutral and a no-biased attitude. But due to
limited knowledge, due to which some aspects of the study might have
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been out of my understandings, couldn’t have been done justice with.

Moreover secondary data analyzed, may be biased based on the source.
• Due to time limitations, it is very much likely that some aspects may not
have been properly dealt with.
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Company Profile
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How the BBL has taken birth in Varanasi is an interesting story. As Mr. Kanhaiya
Lal Gupta, the founder of the firm, was very much interested in the development
of the industry, he was always in search of renowned technologist; fortunately he
visited Mr. & Mrs. Henritz, two renowned technologist of Czechoslovakia.
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According “Messrs Banaras Beads Manufacturing Company” was established in

1940. Later it was incorporated as a private limited company on 10th April
1980.Subsequently it became a Deemed Public Limited Company by virtue of
section 43(a)(I) of the companies act,1956 & obtained a certificate with a
changed name “Banaras Beads Limited” and on 26th October ,1994 the company
was converted into a public company.
The company initially commenced its operations with manufacturing of glass

beads imitation jewelry and then diversified into wooden products ,various silk
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products , hand knotted woolen carpets and druggets , handicrafts & leather
garments & accessories.
The glass beads and carpet division functions from the work site located at
Industrial Estate, Varanasi and later with expansion of carpet division , the
company acquired land and a constructed a full-fledged workshop at Tadia, to
carry out the finishing activities of carpet division.
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The company’s export turnover during 1989-1990 was approx 92.5 million but
during the current fiscal year it has reached upto the mark of about 150 million.
The company’s head office is located at Varanasi which is headed by Shri Ashok
Kumar Gupta, Chairman & Managing Director.
The Varanasi unit is manufacturing Glass Beads, Neckless, Earrings, Tasbees,

Fashion Accessories, Hand-knotted Woollen Carpets, Silk, Hand Tufted Indo-
Nepalese Carpets & Druggets. The company has over 30 associate
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manufacturing of Handicrafts, Silk Fabrics, Scarves & Brocade Sarees Etc.

working under its technical expertise & quality control.
The New Delhi office headed by Shri Rajkumar Gupta ,Director is exporting
Costume Jewellary, Silver Jewellary, Handicrafts, Scarves-Cottons, Rayon and
silk, Ladies Garments & Punjabi Suits ,Leather Goods, bags /Belts –Cotton ,
Canvas & Durry ,Beads from western Uttar Pradesh .Rajasthan and other
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neighboring states of Delhi , Basmati Rice , Spices, Agarbatti & Perfumes,

Marble Handicrafts and garden showpieces , potpourri ,sport goods, wax candles
and marketing Devica’s and Willman Herbal Products.
The office & showrooms are situated at Janakpuri District Center, a prestigious
commercial complex in Asia’s biggest colony in West Delhi, having office &
storage space of approximately 20,000 sq.ft.
2. Other associate /groups companies:

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Prashant Glass Works Pvt. Limited & Monika Beads Private Limited, Varanasi.
These two companies are headed by the managing director Shri Ajit Kumar
Gupta. The units have a 1700 strong –workforce manufacturing 7.5 tones of
machine made seed beads and rocailes per day (2700 tons per annum).The
units have adopted the modern concept of vertical integration for the complete
job process of bead-making form the making of glass in heat furnaces, drawing
of glass rods, cutting of beads, washing, dyeing, polishing ,etc the beads are
used for making jewellary and embroidered Beaded Garments . The company
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ranks number 1 in India and Second in the world for its production capacity and
turnover.
Banaras Manufactured Pvt. Limited, Noida (U.P.).This manufacturing unit of the

group has its factories at Noida & Varanasi. The company’s day to day working is
looked after by Mr. Y.P. Sharma,(B.Sc., AMIE) General Manager. The units are
based on South Korean Technology and have the state of art imported
machines. The installed capacity of the two units 3000 gross spring rings & 1500
fish hooks per day. Varanasi unit is headed by Mr. H.N. Srivastava.
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Banaras Leatheries Pvt. Limited, Kanpur is engaged in the manufacturing and

export of leather goods such as leather jackets, ladies garments, handbags,
gents wallets and purses, laces, coin purses, hats, belts and cords. Etc. The
operations of the unit are being managed by Mr.S.D.Srivastava, Managing
Director & Mr. Vishal Srivastava both of whom have vast experience in the field.
Pushpa International this is buying agency of US and Netherlands principles,
engaged in trading of a variety of consumer products ranging from Marbles &
Beads to Readymade Garments, Costume Jewellary & Ladies Accessories to
basmati rice.
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Banaras Clothiers Pvt. Limited, New Delhi. This is a new venture of the group,
which exports readymade garments of all kinds. The unit is headed by Mrs.
Pushpa Gupta, Director, having vast experience in Garment production , shipping
quota purchase etc.
3. Organisation Structure of BBL

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The company is currently managed by Mr. A.K. Gupta ,chairman & payroll, most
of the manufacturing activities are carried out by 1000 of craftsman in various
ancillaries units of the company .BBL at present has a workforce of nearly 150
peoples to carry out the function of production, making & administration
department including factory workers.
4. Mode of marketing in BBL

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1. International trade fair & exhibitions.

2. Personal visit to customer.
3. Internet.
5. Product Profile
1. Glass Beads
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The glass beads industry in India is in existence for the last 400 years with its
manufacturing centres concentrated at Varanasi,Aligarh & Papanaidupet of U.P.
Of the total production of glass beads in India nearly 40% is exported & the rest
60% is consumed locally. Again out of the local consumption ,50% goes for
exports by using them in garment ,Jewellary,decorative items etc.Thus hardly
10% of glass beads produced in the country are consumed are locally.
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A pearl in a shell inspires BBL to be pioneer in beads manufacturing .Today BBL

has largest and unique beads range in quality & designs. The company has a
new a collection of more than 1, 50,000 kinds of beads. We do mainly with glass
beads but also with beads made of shells, horn, silver, terra cotta and wood &
ceramics. In the new range, the company is manufacturing Glass Buttons,
Chattons, & Cobushons.
BBL is one of the major Indian exporters of glass beads and during 1995-1997
the volume of export by the company constituted over 80% of the total export
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from the country .Since 1988-89 the company’s turnover from this division has
been registering an average growth of about 117%.
2. Handicrafts.
Indian is known for its handicrafts all over the world. For encashing this image
BBL is also dealing in stuffed leather animal belts, art wares, statued, candle
stand .ceramic stand ,ceramic & wooden toys, Christmas decorative items
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,copper art wares, tobacco pipes, jewellary box, etc. they keep with updated
design/style.
3.Carpets
Indian is a well known name in field of carpet.Keeping this thing In mine BBL is
entered in the field of carpet and year secured a sound position in International
market and contribution in raising foreign exchange.
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BBL is leading manufacturer and exporters of the state of the art hand knotted
woolen carpets,specializing as a sumptuous performer in all types of Persian
design & others in assorted colour & design right from 3/30 to 16/80 quality Abu
Shan ,Bidzar,Kashan designs,Turkish knots(loose welf) in antique colors Gabbeh
in natural vegetable dyes,Indo-Nepalese carpets (7/18 quality) and darries of 60
count 5 ply & 30 count 4 ply.
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4.Imitation & Silver jewellery
Mrs. Pushpa Gupta & the company for exporting pure silver jewellery,
earrings,bracelets,necklace ,hair clips & broaches etc. head this decision. As
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regards finished jewellery we have more than 50,000 styles including nacklaces,
earrings,bracelets,antiques & pendants etc. which are made of different types of
belts that we procedure.
5.Silk Textiles
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BBL has extended his business from glass beads to silk, currently BBL is dealing
with Indian natural silk goods ,hand printed dupatta, scarves, neckties, mufflers,
saris, fabrics, bedcovers and cushions etc.
6.Leather garments & accessories
This section comprises wide range of jackets , skirts, coats, trousers and belts
etc by the help of Kanpur factory.
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7.Imitation & Costume Jewellary
We have now a collection of more than 1,50,000 types of beads to offer and
there are being exported to various countries .Beads are made up of glass
,bone ,shell,horn,mop,silver,terracots,wood,ceramics.venation,Chiron,brass &
white metal in both bright & antique look. As regards finished jewellary we have
more than 5000 styles including necklaces, earrings, bracelets, hairclips, belts,
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accessories, appliqués, pendants etc. Designing of our jewellary is done by

Mauritius born. French speaking young and creative lady Mrs. Sangeeta
Raghwan and his division is headed by Mr. R.K.Gupta.
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8.Handicrafts
Stuffed leather animal belts ,brass art wares, statues ,animals ,candle stands
,blue pottery ,ceramic and wooden toys ,Christmas decorative items .Copper art
wares, Russian style dolls, handicrafts made of carved and painted wood walking
sticks ,tobacco pipes ,cane handicrafts soap stone art wares ,handicrafts of
ebony, rosewood , terracotta, jewellary boxes, semi precious stones. Also horn
,bone & shell items .Latest addition /styles big size showrooms ready stock items
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are also displayed separately at our Delhi showroom. So that immediate

shipments can be made for urgent consignments .The idea is that you ask and
we have it. This division is also headed by M.R. R.K. Gupta.
9.Carpets
Indian Hard-Woven Woolen carpets .Abusan carpets, silk & art silk carpets of
Jaipur & Kashmir origin. Indo-Nepalese and Indo-Tibetan 30 count 4ply/3ply
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durries. Hand tufted carpets and druggets .A ready stock of assorted

designs/sizes of carpets, rugs, mats and druggets is available at Varanasi and
Delhi for immediate shipments .The division is headed by Mr. A.K. Gupta.
10.Garments
Separate unit is working on this line and our range includes western garments,
Punjabi suits and sarees. We always maintain a good stock especially of Punjabi
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garments .Further, we can also offer a range of garment accessories likes laces,
buttons, trimmings etc. Since we keep on working on latest designs with latest
fabrics, so a variety of fabrics can also be offered at anytime. This division is
headed by Mrs. Pushpa Gupta and to pay working is being looked after by Mr.
Sandeep Jain.
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11.Silver Jewellary
This division is headed by Mrs. Pushpa Gupta and the company is exporting pure
silver jewellary, earrings, bracelets, hairclips, broaches, etc. Company is now
going to start making gold and silver studded jewellary of export purposes.
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12. Silk & Textiles

Indian Natural Silk goods –hand printed duppatas / Odhnis, scarves, stoles ,neck
,ties, mufflers ,sarees-printed and plain, banarasi pure silk sarees with our zari
work and/or embroidery work ,sequin embroidery items, textiles/ fabrics, home
furnishing-bed covers ,pillow/cushion covers ,silk madeups ,rayon and cotton
scarves ,mulberry , tusore ,matka ,dupion ,silk taffetas ,chiffon etc .this division
looked after by Mr. K.C.Mehra in Varanasi and Mr. Virinder Sharma in Delhi.
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13.Leather Garments & Accessories
These are being manufactured in our factory at Kanpur and the units is headed
by Mr. S.D. Srivastava. Our range includes jackets ,shirts, shoes, laces, belts,
wallets , bags, purses, cords, brief, cases and shantiniketan leather items. Most
of these items are being handled by our Delhi office. Latest exclusive is of
jogging shoes and PT shoes. The units has also dignified in the line of terra cotta
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.Dog collars, leathers, harness belts, chains bracelets ,chokers etc. Product
development is being looked after by Mr. Virinder Sharma.
14.Cotton/Canvas Bags & Accessories
Keeping in view the tremendous response to our range, we have started in house
manufacturing to those at Delhi .One can have a varied choice of Dhurry /Canvas
Fabrics and design .Bag range includes shopping, hiking, duffel, rucksack,
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backpack bags, accessories includes waist coats in tapestry, dhurry, patchwork,

various types of caps, etc .This product development and manufacturing is being
looked after by Mr. Mudit Tiwari.
15. Sports Goods /Wears

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BBL branded complete range of sports goods has been launched. It consists of
soccer balls, rugby balls, cricket balls and equipments & hockey sticks .
Besides ,T- shirts, jogging suits ,track suits ,PT shoes etc. have also been
included into the range .We can also offer our range with your brand name and
any type of cosmetics you like product development is being looked after by
Mr.Virinder Sharma who has over 10 years experience in this line.
16.Potpourri/Wax Candles/Herbal Cosmetics

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We are marketing wide range of herbal products of a well known Indian brand
“Devica” and “Willman” a multinational brand name. An in house processing and
packing unit for processing and packing unit for potpourri and dry flowers is being
run to maintain strict quality control. An exotic range of wax candles in various
sizes ,shapes and material is the latest inclusion in our product range. These
products are being looked after by Mr. Manoj Sharma.
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5.Awards & Distinctions

Since its inception, the Banaras Beads Limited ,has won many prestigious
awards and distinctions for its high achievements in the field of exports. It has
been recognized by the government of India as a “trading house of the country”
in the true sense. Some of the main awards & distinctions received by the BBL
are-
• .President of India award for excellence in exports in July 1977.

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• .Chemical & Allied for export promotion council award-19 occasions.
CAPEXIL top export award in SSI section – 2 occasions.
U.P. government’s awards for excellence in exports -5 occasions.

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IMM-Data Marketing Man Award-1980.
Federation of Small Scale Industries Award.
Indian Silk Export Promotion Council Award.
Top Export Award Trophy 1993-1994 from CAPEXIL.
Export certificate from handicrafts export promotion council.

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6. Social Activities
BBL is also discharging several responsibilities , the two important social

contributions are-
1.Through Ram Gulam Kanhaiya Lal Charitable Trust, the group is contributing in
a small way to the welfare of the community. The trust is engaged in a number of
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social activities for the upliftment of the needy. A vocational training center for
women is being run by the trust at Arya Mahila College at Varanasi,for imparting
technical and vocational training.
2. The trust is also running a hospital on Naturopathy in the holy town of

Rishikesh on the banks of river Ganges.This hospital has proved to be a boon for
the people of Rishikesh and those of adjourning areas. Many pilgrims enjoy
benefits from this hospital.
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From the above factual information, it is clear that BBL is the pride of Varanasi. In
fact, it the only industry in the private section in Varanasi which has earned so
much distinction on account of great entrepreneurial spirit demonstrated by Late
Kanhaiya Lal Gupta and his son Shri Ashok Kumar Gupta who is presenty the
main force behind all development activity.
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Future Plans
The groups is entering into a project to manufacture Chattons, Coboshons,

Faceted Cut Beads, Glass Beads, Pendants & Chandeliers with German
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Technology and assistance at Varanasi with capital investment of Rupees 100

Million.
Some other projects of the company

Gold & Silver Studded Jewellary unit at Noida.
Opening of new export showrooms at Bombay & Additional showrooms at Delhi

& Varanasi.
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Sports Goods.
Wax Candles & Decorative.
Marketing “Devica “ And “Wilman” herbal products
Dry Lower & Potpourri manufacturing unit at East Delhi.
Semi-worsted woolen Yarn Manufacturing.

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Woolen System Yarn Manufacturing
100% EQU. Granite & Marble Processing.
Readymade garments manufacturing units at Noida.

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Objective of the organization

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The main objective of the company as set out in the Memorandum Of

Association are set out below:
1.To promote ,manufacture ,produce, develop, design, buy, sale, exchange.

after, improve ,assemble ,import ,export or otherwise deal in all kinds of
handicrafts inclusive of beads made from glass, wood ,brass, plastic, ivory &
block glass, glass tubing, glass wares & or such other kinds as may be deemed
necessary or expedient for the company to undertake & develop.
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2.To manufacture ,design, develop, engineer, process, sell, exchange, alter,

improve, manipulate, prepare, import, export of otherwise deal in any and all
kinds of silicate, sodium and other chemical products or their components.
To establish ,carry on ,extend ,alter or develop the business of manufacturing

,buying, selling, distributing ,importing , exporting, exchanging, altering ,
converting or otherwise deal in materials required by rugs & carpet industry,
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handicrafts , leather goods, plastic work ,brass works, fruits dry fruits & eatables,
silk & every description of clothes or carrying on forward & ready business for
immediate or further order.
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Marketing in BBL
Marketing department is fully involved in taking orders and in regular

communication from international customers. Located in various regions like
U.S.A., middle East , Australia,Japan And Europe.
Marketing officials are fully involved in new markets and in service of regular
customers .Marketing persons take orders from international customers by
various methods:
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1. From visits
2. From international/national fair.
3. From database
4. From search engines
Process for taking orders:

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1. Order procuring
2. Sales contract
3. Checking of sales contract
4. Sales contract confirmation from customer.

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Financials of BANARAS BEADS LTD.

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Mar '03 Mar '05 Mar '06 Mar '07 Mar '08
12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths
Sources Of Funds Export[Type
Procedure & Manufacturing Process
a quote from the document
Total Share Capital point. You can position
9.73 the text9.73 9.73 9.73 6.61
Equity Share Capital box anywhere in9.73
the document.9.73 9.73 9.73 6.61
Share Application Money 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Preference Share Capital quote text box.] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Reserves 17.07 17.59 20.31 22.42 18.39
Revaluation Reserves 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Networth 26.80 27.32 30.04 32.15 25.00
Secured Loans 7.43 4.07 0.00 0.00 0.00
Unsecured Loans 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total Debt 7.43 4.07 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total Liabilities 34.23 31.39 30.04 32.15 25.00
Mar '03 Mar '05 Mar '06 Mar '07 Mar '08
12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths
Contd….
Application Of Funds
Gross Block 8.86 9.50 9.74 10.54 7.94

Less: Accum. Depreciation 4.61 5.65 5.93 6.38 4.67
Net Block 4.25 3.85 3.81 4.16 3.27
Capital Work in Progress 0.11 0.03 1.13 1.49 5.10
Investments 0.86 0.85 1.84 2.19 0.58
Inventories 15.41 10.03 8.09 8.59 6.55
Balance
SundrySheet
Debtorsof Banaras -------------------
2.86 in
2.10Rs. Cr. -------------------
4.29 1.27 0.98
Beads
Cash and Bank Balance 0.22 3.49 2.99 6.34 4.54
Total Current Assets 18.49 15.62 15.37 16.20 12.07
Loans and Advances 12.49 14.07 11.95 11.31 5.58
Fixed Deposits 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total CA, Loans & Advances 31.10 29.69 27.32 27.51 17.65
Deferred Credit 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Current Liabilities 2.03 2.67 3.61 2.72 1.58
Provisions 0.55 0.44 0.44 0.47 0.02
Total CL & Provisions 2.58 3.11 4.05 3.19 1.60
Net Current Assets 28.52 26.58 23.27 24.32 16.05
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Latest Quarterly/ Half yearly

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As On(Months) 31-Mar-2009(3) 31-Mar-2008(3) % Change
Sales of Products/Services 57.13 43.94 30.02
Other Income 2.95 4.25 -30.59

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Total Income 60.08 48.18 24.70
Total Expenses 59.46 43.83 35.66
OPBDIT 0.62 4.35 -85.75
Interest 0.00 0.00 --
Depreciation 1.10 1.43 -23.08

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Extraordinary Items 0.00 0.00 --
Prior Period Adjustments 0.00 0.00 --
Provision for Tax 1.31 0.36 263.89
After Tax Profit 5.85 4.00 46.25
Equity Capital 66.13 66.13 0.00

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Reserves 0.00 222.56 --

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Income Statement
quote text box.]
31-Mar- 31-Mar- 31-Mar-

As on( Months )
03(12) 02(12) 01(12)
Profit / Loss A/C Rs mn %OI Rs mn %OI Rs mn %OI
Net Sales 149.13 93.17 65.48 95.70 65.37 92.19

quote text box.]
Operating Income (OI) 160.07 100.00 68.43 100.00 70.90 100.01
OPBDIT 8.95 5.59 -22.72 -33.20 -8.33 -11.75
OPBDT 9.20 5.75 -22.49 -32.86 -9.86 -13.90
OPBT 2.55 1.60 -29.12 -42.55 -17.04 -24.04

quote text box.]
Non-Operating Income 3.33 2.08 -13.28 -19.40 -6.68 -9.42
Extraordinary/Prior
3.27 2.04 0.41 0.60 0.00 0.00
Period
Tax -2.00 -1.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

quote text box.]
Profit after tax(PAT) 11.15 6.97 -41.98 -61.35 -23.72 -33.46
Cash Profit 17.79 11.12 -35.76 -52.26 -16.54 -23.32
Dividend-Equity 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

quote text box.]
Balance Sheet
As on 31-Mar-03 31-Mar-02 31-Mar-01
Assets Rs mn %BT Rs mn %BT Rs mn %BT

quote text box.]
Gross Block 88.64 24.39 83.94 24.19 83.79 21.97

Net Block 42.53 11.71 42.28 12.18 46.33 12.15
Capital WIP 1.15 0.32 0.19 0.05 0.19 0.05
Investments 8.61 2.37 8.63 2.49 27.14 7.12
Inventory 154.09 42.41 164.80 47.49 161.48 42.35
Receivables 28.64 7.88 37.64 10.85 31.14 8.17
quote text box.]
Other Current Assets 128.32 35.32 93.48 26.94 115.04 30.17
Balance Sheet Total(BT) 363.35 100.00 347.02 100.00 381.32 100.00
Liabilities Rs mn %BT Rs mn %BT Rs mn %BT

Equity Share Capital 97.29 26.78 97.29 28.04 97.29 25.52
Reserves 166.05 45.70 152.92 44.07 197.62 51.83
quote text box.]
Total Debt 74.26 20.44 74.51 21.47 74.51 19.54
Creditors and Acceptances 12.60 3.47 5.72 1.65 5.79 1.52
Other current liab/prov. 13.16 3.62 16.57 4.78 6.11 1.60
Balance Sheet Total(BT) 363.35 100.00 347.02 100.00 381.32 100.00

quote text box.]
Ratio Analysis
quote text box.]
As on 31-Mar-03 31-Mar-02 31-Mar-01
OPBIT/Prod.cap.empl.(%) 0.70 -9.29 -4.54
PBIT/Cap. Employed (%) 2.65 -13.01 -6.01
PAT/Networth (%) 4.23 -16.78 -8.04

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Tax/PBT (%) -21.82 0.00 0.00
Total Debt/Networth (x) 0.28 0.30 0.25
Long Term Debt/Networth (x) 0.00 0.00 0.00
PBDIT/Finance Charges (x) -62.69 152.60 -9.86
Current Ratio (x) 12.08 13.27 25.85

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RM Inventory (days consumption) 116.65 216.95 396.69
FG inventory (days cost of sales) 294.10 488.69 570.82
Receivables (days gross sales) 70.10 209.81 173.91
Creditors (days cost of sales) 30.42 22.91 26.69
Op. curr. assets (days OI) 709.00 1578.00 1584.00

quote text box.]
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Share Statistics
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As on 31-Mar-03 31-Mar-02 31-Mar-01
EPS (Rs.) 1.14 -4.30 -2.43

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CFPS (Rs.) 1.82 -3.67 -1.70
Book Value (Rs.) 27.00 25.66 30.24
DPS (Rs.) 0.00 0.00 0.00

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COMPETITORS ANALYSIS
quote text box.]
Last Price Market Cap. Sales Net Profit Total Assets

(Rs. cr.) Turnover
Jain Irrigation 710.05 5,317.36 2,188.14 122.94 1,872.15
Titan Industries 1,173.85 5,210.64 3,804.28 169.88 726.64

quote text box.]
CRISIL 3,395.45 2,453.21 384.80 137.38 268.21
Guj NRE Coke 40.70 1,941.07 1,522.60 107.23 1,779.69
Info Edge 616.35 1,682.34 245.17 59.69 327.05
Dredging Cor 441.30 1,235.64 684.97 46.16 1,255.32

quote text box.]
Thomas Cook 49.45 1,073.43 250.67 30.20 454.79
Tube Investment 55.40 1,023.68 2,075.20 72.18 1,045.47
Gateway Distri 94.55 1,018.43 205.31 93.80 647.91
Advanta 596.75 1,004.86 128.81 8.57 542.36

quote text box.]
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Comparison with Competitors

Banaras Beads Jain Irrigation Titan Industrie CRISIL Guj NRE Coke
Mar '08 Mar '08 Mar '09 Dec '07 Mar '08
Sources Of Funds [Type a quote from the document
Total Share Capital 6.61 160.59 44.39 7.23 337.02
Equity Share Capital box anywhere in the document.
6.61 72.06 44.39 7.23 337.02
Share Application Use the Text Box Tools tab to
0.00
change the formatting 35.85
of the pull 0.00 0.00 39.00
Money
Preference Share quote text box.]
0.00 88.53 0.00 0.00 0.00
Capital
Reserves 18.39 768.67 506.85 260.99 771.02
Revaluation Reserves 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Networth 25.00 965.11 551.24 268.22 1,147.04
Secured Loans 0.00 853.69 116.76 0.00 632.65
Unsecured Loans 0.00 53.36 58.65 0.00 0.00
Total Debt 0.00 907.05 175.41 0.00 632.65
Total Liabilities 25.00 1,872.16 726.65 268.22 1,779.69
Contd…
Banaras Beads Jain Irrigation Titan Industrie CRISIL Guj NRE Coke
Mar '08 Mar '08 Mar '09 Dec '07 Mar '08
Application Of Funds
Gross Block 7.94 979.00 593.04 95.10 530.70
Less: Accum.
4.67 315.70 318.56 52.54 0.00
Depreciation
Net Block 3.27 663.30 274.48 42.56 530.70
Capital Work in
5.10 84.70 19.52 8.04 89.18
Progress
Investments 0.58 315.82 7.66 186.38 657.17
Inventories 6.55 484.38 1,202.69 0.00 227.67
Balance Sheet ------------------- in Rs. Cr. -------------------
Sundry Debtors 0.98 595.63 106.22 67.82 245.95
Cash and Bank Balance 4.54 36.54 54.69 16.73 217.31
Total Current Assets 12.07 1,116.55 1,363.60 84.55 690.93
Loans and Advances 5.58 302.82 128.82 50.40 334.32
Fixed Deposits 0.00 36.73 0.00 1.19 0.00
Total CA, Loans &
17.65 1,456.10 1,492.42 136.14 1,025.25
Advances
Deffered Credit 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Current Liabilities 1.58 596.14 974.00 70.04 343.71
quote text box.]
Current year comparison with competitors
(--------------In Rs. Cr. ----------------)

quote text box.]
Titan Jain Banaras

Guj NRE Coke Info Edge
Industrie Irrigation Beads
Sales Turnover Mar '09 Mar '09 Mar '09 Mar '09 Mar '09
Other Income 3,804.28 1,522.60 2,188.14 25.01 245.17
Total Income 4.36 13.91 3.28 0.45 28.63
Total Expenses 3,808.64 1,536.51 2,191.42 25.46 273.80
Operating Profit 3,506.89 1,179.51 1,800.36 21.86 179.93
Profit On Sale Of
Depreciation 297.39 343.09
272.32 387.78
177.53 3.15
234.91 65.24
3.60 93.83
Assets
Profit On Sale Of
Depreciation On Revaluation Of -- 41.76-- 39.35-- 47.56 -- 0.44 -- 7.11
Investments
Assets
Gain/Loss On
PBT -- ---- ---- -- -- -- -- --
Foreign Exchange
VRS Adjustment
Tax -- 230.56-- 138.18-- 187.35 -- 3.16 -- 86.72
Other
Net Profit
Extraordinary -- 60.68-- 30.95-- 64.41 -- 0.34 -- 27.03
Income/Expenses
Prior Years Income/Expenses 169.88 107.23 122.94 2.82 59.69
Total Extraordinary
-- -- -- -- --
Income/Expenses
Depreciation for Previous Years -10.92 -- -- -- --
Tax On Back/ Provided
Written
Extraordinary
Dividend -- -114.72
-- ---- -- -- -- -- --
Items
Dividend
Net ExtraTax
Ordinary -- -- -- -- --
-- -- -- -- --
Income/Expenses
Dividend (%)
Gross Profit -- ---- ---- -- -- -- -- --
Interest Per Share
Earnings 301.75 357.00
-- 391.06
-- 3.60
-- 93.87
-- --
PBDT 29.43 64.75 156.15 -- 0.04
Book Value 38.27 2.27 16.99 4.26 21.87
Equity -- -- -- -- --
Reserves 44.39 471.92 72.38 6.61 27.30
Face Value 506.85 671.97 853.42 22.26 296.62

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Export Procedure & Documents required for Export in

BANARAS BEADS LTD.
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1. PRE SHIPMENT DOCUMENT:-
Before 1991, export documents were classified in two categories the commercial
document & regulatory document. There were 24 documents that were
“commercial” & remaining was “regulatory”.
quote text box.]
Commercial document Regular document

1) Proforma Invoice Excise Authorities
2)Commercial Invoice ARU from prescribed authorities
3)Packing List Shipping bill/billed export trust
documents
4)Shipping Order Export Application
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5)Intimation For Inspection Receipt For Payment Of Port Charge

6)Pre Shipment Inspection Certificate GR/PP form
7)Insurance Certificate Freight Payment Certificate
8) Insurance Certificate Policy Insurance Premium Payment Certificate
9)Mate’s Receipt
10)Bill Of Lading
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11)Application For Certificate Of Origin

12)Certificate Of Origin
13)Shipment Advice
14)Bill Of Exchange
15)Letter To Bank For

Collection/Negotiation Of Documents
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Export procedure & documents diagram of export in BANARAS BEADS LTD.
EXPORT DIVISION
PACKING DIVISION
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PACKING SLIP
INVOICE
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PAYMENT MODE OF TERM OF

FORWARDING DELIVERY
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FOB CIF
CREDIT PRE-SHIPMENT POST SHIPMENT
ADVANCE
BANKING
NEGOTIATION
DOCUMENTATION
TO CUSTOM
PACKING
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BRC
DEPB INACTIVE CLAIM OR DRAWBACK CLAIM
2. Documents for Transportation of Goods:-
The following documents are connected with transportation of goods –

quote text box.]
a) Airways Bill/Air Consignment Note :-
The receipt issued by an airline company or it’s agent for carriage of

goods is called airway bill or air consignment note. It is desirable to
consign the goods in the name of a foreign correspondent bank as it will
enable to retain the control over goods until the payment is made and
documents are accepted for payment. The airway bill consists of three
original & 6-11 copies.
quote text box.]
b) Bill Of Lading :-
The bill of lading is document issued by the sipping company or its agent
acknowledging the receipt of goods mentioned in the bill for shipment o
board the vessel & undertaking to deliver the goods in the like order &
condition as received to the consignee or his order provided the freight &
other charges specified in the bill of lading is issued in the standardized
aligned documents format.
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c) Mate Receipt :-
It is issued by the chief of vessel after cargo is loaded & it contains the
name of shipper, place of delivery, markets no., container no., gross
weight etc. As per the standardized aligned documents format. The receipt
is of transferable nature and must be presented at the shipping company’s
office to be exchanged into bill of lading.
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3. Documents for customer clearance of goods:-

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a) Shipping Bill/Bill Of Export :-
This is the main document required by the customer’s authority for

allowing shipment. There are four types of bills
a) export duty/cess
b) free of duty/cess
c) entitlement of duty drawback
d) entitlement of duty under DEPB scheme
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e) Re-export if important goods.
Following documents are required for processing of shipping bill :-
a) GR forms in duplicate shipments to all countries.

b) Four copies of packing list.
c) Four copies of invoices indicating all relevant particulars such as
no. of package, quantity, unit rate, total FOB value etc.
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d) Contract, letter of credit, purchase order.

e) Inspectioner/examination certificate.
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1. Deferred Payment Credit And Acceptance Credit Under

L/C,DA/DP:-
The credit are identical in as the paying bank is called up on to

pay on dates, determinable rather acceptance credit is a definite
under taking that the draft will be accepted by one of the parties
issuing bank applicant.
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2. Documents On Payment(D/P) :-
Where the export order stipulates drafts payable at sight, the

merchandise is shipped and documents set through the bank to
the buyer who detains the documents only on payment. There is
risk of non acceptance of documents by the importer in this
system.
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3. Documents On Acceptance(D/A) :-
In this method, the importer is enabled to take delivery of goods

on mere acceptance, signifying his willingness to pay the given
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amount on the maturity of bills. The maturity period, normally of

30, 60, 90 days duration is allowed only to well known firms and is
subject to exchange control regulations.
(1) EX - WORKS :-
Usually meant price of goods plus suitable packing but

export may be required to be arranged shipment and actual
expenses in the invoice.
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(2) Free On Loading, Free On Rail, Free On Track :-
The exporters obligations one fulfilling when loading in to a

container/rail/wagon/track is done and price includes the
cost and effort.
(3) Free On Board(FOB) ;-

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The exporters responsibility ends when the contracted

good are placed on the board of the ship, free of cost to the
buyer at port of shipment named in the contract
(4) Cost & Freight (C&F) :-

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This means fob value plus cost of transportation at the cost

of seller. Insurance is obtained at the port of loading and
covers the seller from all risk/damages up to
designation/warehouse.
.
(5) Ex Ship(EXS) :-
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An arrival contracts where the seller has to bear full cost

and risk involved in bringing the goods before the
customer’s border of the foreign country.
(6) Delivery Duty Paid :-

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Is used irrespective of transport involved and indicates

sellers maximum delegation and against the minimum ex-
works. Seller’s obligation extends to the time the goods are
made available at this cost and risks to the buyer at his
premises are the named destination.
(7) FOA,FOB :-
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This is on the same principal as fob and seller fulfills his

obligation by delivering goods to the air carrier at airport of
departure.
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Diagram showing the sets in execution of export order

quote text box.]
Export
Exportlogistics
logistics
Export
Exportrisk
risk management
management
management
management
Pre
Preshipment
shipmentexport
export
documentation
documentation
Quantity
Quantityassuarnce
assuarnce
Shipment
Shipmentofof
Export Procedure & Manufacturing Process goods
goods
Pre
Preshipment
shipment or the summary of an interesting
Execution ofof
insurance
insurance point. You canExecution
position the text
export
box anywhere inexport order
order
the document.
quote text box.] Negotiation
Negotiationofof
documentation
documentationand and
Labeling,
Labeling, post shipment finance
post shipment finance
packing
packing&&
marketing
marketing
Foreign
Foreignexchange
exchange
management
management
Export
Exportlogistics
logistics
Export
Exportfinance
finance management
management
INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING
1) From our production & programmed items, the minimum order quantity is as
prescribed:-
quote text box.]
a) in case when quantity is in Kg/kilo – it should be 2.5kgs (in case of glass

beads), 1 kg (in case of silver cris, copper beads)
b) In case when quantity is in PCS – it should be1000 pc
2) The minimum order value, i.e., the invoice value should be minimum U$
1500 (this is not mandatory, but is to make your merchandise landing cost
reasonable).
quote text box.]
3) Payment Terms:
a) 30% of the invoice value in advance payable by T/T, balance 70% by either
LC/CAD/TT at the time if shipment of goods.
b) 100% LC at sight
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4) Lead time is 4-8 weeks from the date of confirmation of the order, subject to
the quantity and the number of items.
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5) Dispatch mode:
Air – Transit time 5-10 Days
Sea – Transit time varies with the port of destination (30-45 days)
Courier – Transit time 3-7 days
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BUSINESS PROCESS
The following departments are engaged to process and execute

foreign orders in the company that are assigned different specialized
activity:-
quote text box.]
a) Sample Departments
b) Checking & Security Department
c) Production Department
d) Material Department
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e) Packing Department
f) Export Department
g) Documentation Department
h) Accounts Department
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The activities of these departments are highly inter – related with

each other.
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Business Process in Brief:-
1. Order Receipt:-
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Sample order
SAMPLE MARKETING
Customer reference quality
DEPARTMENT Design and code no. DEPARTMENT
SAMPLE ORDER
Quality rate design

quote text box.]
The export orders are received through different sources directly from the
importers through ordinary mail, fax or internet, through middlemen & agency
housed of the company or through personal visits of the senior authorities of the
company who also take part in the foreign trade fairs & exhibitions.
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A) Checking And Security Of Export Orders:-

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The objective of this is to see if the order is worth accepting or not.

B) Signing Of Sale Contract:-
After the checking & security of export orders, Contract is prepared in

triplicate which is very comprehensive documents containing the following
major information.
quote text box.]
a) Particulars or orders, no., date, etc.

b) Executed by agent/direct.
c) Invoice no..
d) Port detail –from which port to which port.
e) Port of delivery.
f) Mode of payment.
g) Currency in which payment is to be done.
h) Details of:-
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(1) Packing, marking, labeling.

(2) Insurance to be covered by buyer or seller
(3) Mode of inspection
(4) Mode of arbitration
(5) Party reference
i) Description & code of goods.

j) Size, quantity & amount of goods shipped.
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When the sale contract is signed by the director/manager of th company,

a copy of the same is sent to the customer for his approval.
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C) After Sale Contract:-
It contains the following information-
 Order No. & Date.

 B.O. No. & Date
 Sale Date.
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 Status of the Order.

 Port of Shipment.
 Code Mark
 From where goods will be dispatched.
 Mfg. Order No.
 Production Instruction.
 Party Reference.
 Identification Code
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 Description, size & Quantity of the Products.

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MANUFACTURING PROCESS
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The manufacture of glass and crystal beads is a

magical process. Glass in its most basic form is
molten sand that is combined with various
additives and cooled with such celerity that
crystal structures have no time to form. While in
a solid state, silica sand is mixed with an alkali
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substance, like soda ash, to lower the melting point of the sand and therefore
make it easier to work with. The soda ash causes the mixture to become water
soluble, which is not the intended result. Lime, procured from limestone, is added
to reverse this effect.
The substance is then melted down at temperatures of 2700 degrees F (1500

degrees C) or higher. In its liquid state, the mixture may be worked in one of
several ways to produce decorative and functional objects. Glassblowing is an art
in which the molten glass is worked with the use of inorganic aids to sculpt the
quote text box.]
liquid into the shape it will eve ntually take. Lamp work is a technique by which
most glass beads are made. It is very time consuming, as it requires each bead
to be formed individually, but also allows for a greater variety of styles and
designs.
Besides the basic compounds, other substances are often added during the
process. When lead or lead oxide is added to a basic glass mixture, the refractive
index of the finished product increases. The resultant object is a piece of glass
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that is heavier than standard glass and much shinier. It is in this way that crystal
glass is made.
The process for making crystal is an ancient one, having been discovered as
early as 1400 BC. The earliest surviving piece of crystal glass is a fragment of
blue crystal found in Nippur, Sumeria, from this period. The process of creating
crystal glass was not refined until the year 1673 when George Ravenscroft, a
British artisan, was granted a patent on the process. Once the process was
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perfected, it began to be used in the

manufacture of fine crystal items,
including crystal beads.
Crystal beads, like their plain glass

counterparts, come in a variety of
shapes, sizes, colors and even
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compositions. While there are no international standards governing the amou nt

of lead added to glass, most of the world, with the exception of the United States,
follows the official British standard. These standards state that "fine crystals" are
composed of 6 to 10 percent lead oxide, "lead crystals" should be composed of
10 to 20 percent lead oxide and "full lead crystals" are composed of 24 percent
or more lead oxide. In addition to the addition of lead, special cutting and
polishing processes are used to give crystal glass even more sparkle.
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While the composition of glass and crystal beads is relatively similar, the finished
result is quite different. Glass beads tend to be lightweight and inexpensive, while
crystal beads are often heavier, more delicate, and more expensive. Both are
perfectly suited to jewelry making, but crystal often requires the use of sturdier
accessory elements, such as clasps, clamps and beads. Crystal beads as well as
glass beads are breakable under certain circumstances, including damage by
blunt force, drastic and rapid changes in temperature and occasionally simply
deterioration.
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Glass beads are being crafted for more than 2,000 years and various civilization
has used them in many ways, from decorations to currencies. Techniques of the
glass making industry were trade secrets until the early 17th century. But today,
there are infinite ways in which glass beads can be manufactured, some of them
are so simple that one can even give it a try at home. Popular methods of bead
making include handmade, lamp worked or wound beads, etc. Glass beads are
formed in many different ways. Some of the most prominent today are:
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Wound: The bead is formed by the ancient technique of winding molten glass
around a metal wire. The beads are then sliced and polished.
Lampwork: A wound glass bead is formed by winding molten glass around

copper wire heated over a lamp.
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Mosaic: Mosaic beads are very ornate, and are composed entirely of colorful
fused segments of glass cane. Glass cane is a long drawn rod of glass.
Millefiori: These beads have layers of colorful glass fused in cross section and
melted onto the surface of a bead. The resulting surface can look like flowers,
like faces, like an abstract pattern, or even a realistic scene. One example of a
glass cross section: two layers of different-color glass, rolled up like a jelly roll,
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and then sliced.
Swarovski Crystal: These are leaded (crystal) glass beads with a very high
brilliance. These are named after Daniel Swarovski who was born in Bohemia in
1862, and who invented a machine to cut glass.
Chevron: A very popular bead, first made in the 1400's in Venice. This bead is
quote text box.]
formed by drawn-out layered glass block sectioned into beads; their ends are cut
or ground down to create a zigzag pattern, usually blue with white and red
stripes.
Blown: Blown glass beads are formed as a craftsman blows into a glass tube
that has a small piece of molten glass on the end. The tube is turned over heat
until the bead reaches the desired size.
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Venetian Glass Beads

The origin of Venetian glass bead can be traced to Venice, where the
beadmakers with their skill and eye for design make their Glass Beads desired
throughout the world. Venetian artisans have been influencing glass bead
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makers from around the world for several centuries, creating the distinct Venetian
glass style. Glass gifts and beautiful handmade jewelry can be designed with
Venetian glass beads
Process
Venetian beads are lamp worked from glass, i.e. the bead maker makes the
bead from molten glass over an open flame. The process carries on centuries old
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tradition of hand-crafting beads and is the most time consuming, as each bead is
made individually. Using a torch for heat, glass cane is heated to a molten state
and wrapped around a metal rod until the desired bead shape is formed.
Popular Forms
The various forms in which Venetian glass beads are found may include
Millefiori, also known as thousand flowers, lace beads or mosaic. Sommerso,
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means submerged and is a small fleck of color, suspended inside transparent

glass. Fiorato, are decorated with flowers, whereas these can also be foiled with
gold, white gold and silver. They may be also be finished in spirals, or straight
striping, and may be balls, or teardrop shape.
quote text box.]
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Lampwork Glass Beads

Lampwork glass beads are a popular jewelry component and
are found in many necklaces, bracelets and other jewelry.
Lampworking is done for past hundreds of years to make
glass beads, and the quality of any handmade lampwork
glass bead depends upon the expertise of its maker. The
option of designs in this segment is endless as the maker can create a variety of
quote text box.]
dots, paterns, feathers, and representational ornamentation out of glass.
Process
There are many different techniques for making modern art glass beads, but
lampwork glass beads are truly special. Since glass becomes molten when
heated to a certain temperature, glass artists c an create any shape as well as
layers while holding the glass over a flame or lamp. Surface treatments such as
quote text box.]
fuming metals, electro-forming, acid etching and the use of enamels are used to
alter the appearance of the glass beads.
Popular Forms
Through much time and patience, the bead maker learns the effects of the
elements at play to create the design, size and shape of handmade lampwork
glass bead that they desire. Many glass artists produce unbelievably complicated
quote text box.]
beautiful designs. Lampwork glass beads can come with raised decoration,
bumps, dots, swirls in another color, sparkle "goldstone" feathering, foil inside, or
other applied decoration.
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Furnace Glass Beads

Furnace glass beads are recorded as being created, traded,
and worn by the earliest civilized s ocieties, from Egyptians to
Romans, Vikings to Indians. Furnace glass beads are excellent
in quality and are available with better clarity, more vibrant
quote text box.]
colors, and greater durability. Manufacturers work with the "master bead crafter"
to bring freshly designed, magnificently beautiful furnace glass beads to the
world at large.
Process
The traditional way of making these beads is to dip an iron mandrel into glass in
a crucible in a furnace. The beads can then be shaped or decorated. After its
quote text box.]
final heating, it can be knocked off the mandrel because iron cools faster than
glass, because the shapes and sizes of the beads vary enormously, there's no
definitive form that can be associated with this process.
Popular Forms
Furnace glass beads are a fascinating, beautiful creation. Once the basic bead
has been formed, the glass worker can choose to further ornament the bead by
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creating dot surfaces, decorating with slices of patterned glass or adding gold or
silver foil to the bead. There are nearly as many types of furnace glass beads as
there are colors in the spectrum. The various shapes in which these can be
found includes cube shapes, disc beads, oval shapes, round etc. Whether
creating a necklace or embellishing a lamp shade, furnace glass beads are used
in a wide array of decorative artwork.
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Handmade Glass Beads

Glass is an artisan's dream as it can be poured into any molds. Creative people
throughout the world choose to express their artistic talents with glass and
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handmade glass beads are just one form of the varied glassmaking craft.
Handmade glass bead can be cut and polished into beautiful designs as well as
can be stretched and pulled into any shape imaginable. Creating handmade
glass bead is a skill that takes a great deal of practice.
Process
Most handmade glass beads are made out of matte glass, dichroic glass, furnace
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glass, frosted glass, fused glass, blown glass and lamp worked glass. In all these
process the glass becomes molten and then is given the desired shape. After
that they are added with decorative effects, and different colors of glass interact
with each other.
Popular Forms
Handmade glass beads are available in a vibrant kaleidoscope of colors &
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finishes. The various shapes available include diamond, round, cubes and other
unique shapes. Handmade glass bead can be as plain or as decorative as the
artist likes. Multiple layers of glass can be added, switching colors to create the
desired effects. Small dots of color can be left as bumps on the bead's surface,
or plunged into the center of the bead for a totally different look. These glass
beads are available in a variety of colors for example primary colors of red,
green, and clear to more sparkling colors of aqua, magenta and rose.
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Glass Cane Beads

Glass cane is a long drawn rod of glass. Glass cane beads
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are very ornate and are composed entirely of colorful fused segments of glass
cane. Generally handcrafted, these are high quality beads crafted by using a
torch to heat the glass cane to a molten state and wrapped around a metal rod
until the desired bead shape is formed. The brilli ant colors and unique shapes of
glass cane beads offer something for everyone.
Process
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The making of glass cane beads is an ancient technique of drawing intricate

patterns in hot glass and is a time consuming, difficult process. It consists of
painting a very thick picture in glass. The picture can measure up to two inches
thick and more than three inches wide, with the picture running the length of the
glass. The picture cane is heated and when it becomes almost too soft to handle,
it is stretched. The longer the stretch, the tinnier and more detailed the image
becomes.
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Popular Forms
Glass cane beads are available in a wonderful assortment of color and shape
variations. These allow the beaders to craft exquisite necklaces, earrings,
bracelets, and other stunning jeweleries. Glass cane beads possess many
shapes, styles and colors. The design can range from simple designs of spheres,
teardrops to extensively ornate ones.
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Hand Blown Glass Beads

Glass is one of the oldest materials known to man. Unique hand blown glass
beads are available in assorted sizes, shapes and colors. These beads possess
a special look making them a fabulous decorating element while making jewelery
and other crafts. No matter where these beads are placed, they are sure to be
noticed and admired for their beauty and individuality.
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Process
Hand blown glass beads are manufactured by primitive process that was used
hundreds of years before. With nothing more than a blob of molten glass, a long
hollow pipe, and a few primitive tools, artisans produced excellent glass beads in
a variety of shapes. The hand blown glass technique consists of blowing through
a pipe onto a red-hot glass mass, heated in a special oven. As the artisan blows,
he can start molding the piece by turning it around with the pipe. When the piece
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starts cooling, using the appropriate tools, beads can be molded. Color is added
to the glass to give it a wonderful look, tones and effects.
Popular Forms
The various forms in which hand blown beads are available is limitless. It
depends upon the creativity and skill of the maker. The creativity while making
hand blown glass beads begin with making a simple bead; that can proceed to
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easy variations, such as overwraps and raked patterns; and beads shimmering
with different metals and featuring millefiori, sculpting, and hollowing. The various
shapes in which these can be found include round, button, oval, rectangle, drops,
baguette, nugget, winding, briolette and many more.
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Vintage Glass Beads

Adding glamor and enrichment to any craft, vintage glass beads are exported
widely. The collection of fabulous vintage glass beads may include pieces which
date back as early as the 1920's. These pieces were manufactured mostly in
Czech, Germany, India, European countries and Japan. Most bead lovers have a
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special vault in their hearts reserved just for vintage glass beads.
Process
With the ultimate choice of buyers worldwide, vintage glass beads are
ergonomically manufactured, with super finishes that creates an aura of
magnificence. A popular method of vintage glass bead making produces "lamp
worked" or "wound" beads, so-called because the glass rods were heated in the
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flame of an oil lamp and the molten glass was wound onto a rod.
Popular Forms
Vintage glass beads are available in innumerable designs and styles including
stripes, thin lines, bands, squares, matte squares, small dots, mini-dots and
frosted sparkle. The varying colorful vintage glass beads include venetian glass
beads, lampwork glass beads, furnace glass beads, handmade glass beads,
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murano glass beads, blown glass beads, glass cane beads, vintage glass beads,
fused glass beads, etc.
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Glass Seed Beads

Glass seed beads are small, usually mass-produced beads that are meant to be
sewn on or woven into patterns to give movement and color to an object. These
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are the most popular form of beads to thread on a home made scale. Glass seed
beads are sometimes called E-beads that refers to the shape of the bead. These
are not perfectly round, but rather is sliced, which gives it a squared round or
roundish shape.
Types of Glass Seed Beads

Glass seed beads are made in many countries. Seed beads are perhaps the
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most widely used as they are very consistent in size from bead to bead, and the
colors and finishes are less likely to fade in sunlight or water, or wear away when
rubbed against other materials and objects. Japanese seed beads, French glass
seed beads are perfectly consistent in size from bead to bead, and have more
durable finishes than Czech beads. Other countries make seed beads as well,
such as India, France and Italy.
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Popular Forms
Glass seed beads can be treated in many ways. The various forms in which
these are available are transparent, opaque, matte, metallic, lined, iris, iris lined,
silver lined etc. Glass seed beads are available in a multitude of colors varying
from transparent to cranberry and from aqua to black. There are many different
shapes of seed beads, for example sphere shaped, cone shaped, cube shaped
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and rectangular shaped. These are used to produce the best quality items of
jewelry for example necklaces, bracelets and anklets.
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Faceted Glass Beads

The term faceted refers to the fact that the glass is
chipped along the edges of each piece for a brighter,
faceted effect. The popularity of faceted glass bead is
due to the fact that fewer materials, less labor and
simpler designs are the standard in this segment. For some specific design in
jewelery, faceted glass beads is a perfect match. All faceted glass beads are
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very well made with uniform, nicely facet and true color that accentuate the
designs.
Process
The process of producing faceted glass bead is deceptively simple. However,
without careful attention to the details of design and layout numerous problems
occur. There are some restrictions in working with faceted glass. To make
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faceted glass beads the glass is often broken to the proper size and shape rather
than cut, fine detail in design is not possible. Nevertheless, a skilled designer
working with an understanding of its advantages and limitations can create
beautiful, striking beads.
Popular Forms
Although the designs of faceted glass beads can be abstract, the patterns are
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generally not random but rather planned by the designer to make best use of the
materials. Careful designs not only add beauty to the beads, but also allows for
the minimization of waste glass. Faceted glass beads can also be made of
stained glass.
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Crystal Glass Beads

Due to its spark and shine, crystal glass beads are the
most recognized name among the fine quality beads.
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These beads exceed all others in terms of quality and elegance and are
extremely popular among customers from many different backgrounds and ages.
Crystal glass beaded jewelry are meant to be worn on special occasions as
these are extensively used to create beautiful necklaces, chokers, bracelets,
earrings, pendants and anklets.
Process
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Crystal glass beads are manufactured in diamond, round, cubes and other
unique shapes in fancy finishes. These beads can have a perfectly smooth
surface or can be faceted and optically-polished. Each and every crystal glass
bead is precisely cut under the highest quality control. Multi colored lampwork
crystal glass beads strand out in great variety from fish shapes to twisted ovals.
Crystal glass beads are chosen due to their size, rarity, color and association.
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Popular Forms
Crystal glass beads are available in many colors, for example green, red, blue
and of course the most popular crystal in clear. Crystals are chosen for items of
jewelry due to their ability to sparkle and dazzle, enabling the owner to glow and
shine. The design depends on the requirements and the specific role of the item.
For example a formal necklace may incorporate a few crystal glass beads
threaded to give an impression of expense and class.
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Frosted Glass Beads

Frosted glass beads achieve the look of etched
glass and come with various designs in lines,
waves, or double crossed waves. These beads
have been quite popular for making jewelries as
well as for other styles of decoration. These beads
can be strung and worn as necklaces both around neck and suspended from
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brooch pins on dress/aprons.
Process
Frosted glass beads are developed with distinctive methods of decoration using
trailing, feathering, dragging and folded technique. The different glass centers
use different colors while making these beads. Sandblast technique is also used
to make frosted glass beads.
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Popular Forms
Frosted glass beads are available in unlimited design possibilities, allowing the
designers to bring vibrant color, visual effects and graphic patterns to glass
surfaces. Classic frosted glass beads offer additional style and grace to
decorating apabilities. These may come in exquisite scalloped edges and flower
leak design or may feature a crackle glass appearance.
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Chevron Glass Beads

Chevron glass beads form one of the oldest varieties of
beads. They were first manufactured in Venice in the
14th century. With time their popularity has grown
immensely all over the world but the art of making them
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is now a veteran practice in African and north American countries.
The craft of making glass chevron beads involve intricate layering of different
colors of glasses in diverse patterns. It is these large number of variations that
make these beads exquisite pieces of beauty. The structure of a chevron bead
includes a white core covered with a blue layer of glass, followed by crimson,
yellow, cobalt, green and a host of other colors.
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The color of the glass layers can vary. The most popular category of chevron
beads display as much as 7 layers where as others reveal four, five and six
layers of glass. The traditional craftsmanship of making these beads lies in the
way the layers of glasses are placed to produce a vast array of fascinating
patterns. Each bead delivers its own distinct vision and lustre.
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Some common designs that these beads display are as follows:

• Chevron Mixes
• Chevron Side Drilled
• Chevron Individuals
Chevron beads can be used to address a variety of applications such as:
• Jewelry for making necklaces, bracelets, earrings and anklets.
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• Accessories such as key chains and belts.

• Embellishments to adorn bags, purses, hobos etc.
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• Adorning garments.
• For making beaded curtains and other forms of drapes.
• For making various decoratives such as wall hangings, lamp shades etc.
The shape, size, color, number of layers and craftsmanship of beads is what
decides their price and desirability. Owning to the beauty and their elegant
appearance, they call for high export potential in many countries of America and
Europe.
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Hemp Glass Beads

A new emerging item in this segment, hemp glass bead is known for the
precision work and care for detail that has transform glass into wonders of the
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world. With many talented craftsmen spread all around, the combination of hemp
and glass results into unique and interesting works.
Glass beads are matched with hemp, a natural fiber to create beautiful jewelery
with design that are graceful and regal in their presence. Hemp glass beads
come with stunningly geometric panel with an amazing gleam and an impactful
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and breathtaking motif. These designs are created using different shapes and
sizes, incorporating a variety of beading weaving techniques and styles.
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Plain Shiny Beads

The emergence of glass beads have completely revolutionized the concept of
embellishing various objects. The art of making plain shiny beads is a popular
rural craft which involves great precision and fine finish. The rich shiny lustre
further imparts an exotic charm to the appearance of these items. Most popular
types of finishes displayed by these beads are as follows:
• Lustrous
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• Rainbow
• Frosted
Plain shiny beads can be transparent or opaque and come in all possible colors
such as olive green, navy blue, crimson, moon white, lemon yellow etc. They are
used for a variety of applications such as:
• For embellishing accessories such as belts, hand bags, wrist bands etc.
• Jewelry making for items like necklaces, chokers, bracelets, earrings, armlets,
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anklets etc.
• Decorating home furnishings such as cushion covers, line bed and table linens
and table mats.
• Draperies such as curtains and sofa throws.
The expansion of fashion industry and the establishment of new designers have
led to the use of beads in many innovative ways. Therefore, their demand has
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greatly risen in the last few years making them the most sought-after objects for
export in both domestic as well as international sectors.
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Silver Foil Beads

Silver foil beads reveal a unique silver luster along with the vibrant colors that
they display. The technique of manufacturing silver foil glass beads basically
involves the a .925 sterling silver foil submerged beneath the translucent colors
of glass. These beads are hand made with great precision and neatness
ensuring that each piece displays a fine finish.
The patterns and appearance of silver foil beads are diverse speaking volumes
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of the intricate and meticulous craftsmanship of the artisans. A few common

types are as follows:
• Stamped Silver Foil Beads: These beads are comparitively flat or pressed
revealing silver lustre at both ends and a colored lining in the centre.
• Dotted Silver Foil Beads: Dotted beads display tiny colorful dots on their
metallic surface.
• Two Tone Silver Foil Beads: Two tone beads display a combination of two
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shades in a specific fashion such that one of the color is silver.
The shapes and sizes of silver foil beads are varied. They represent the following
shapes:
• Barrel
• Cylindrical
• Circular
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• Faceted
• Diamond
• Heart shaped
• Square and rectangular
Silver foil beads find their uses in a variety of applications from adorning apparels
and accessories to making beautiful beaded jewelry, curtains, throws, lining
linens etc. Their unique lustre have made them the most sought-after items used
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as embellishments. The reason they call for high export potential not only in India
but overseas as well.
Gold Foil Beads

Gold beads are alluring pieces of beauty that have
captivated the attention of people the world over.
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Their lustrous appearance in diverse colors make them highly commercial in

terms of their popularity. With the fashion industry spreading its wings at a fast
pace, the use and eventually their demand has risen massively in the last few
decades.
The structure of gold foil beads basically involves a gold foil core encased in
transparent colors of glass. The quality of glass engaged in the making of these
beads is of great importance. The glasses used could be Venetian, Murano or
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Indian featuring a vast array of fascinating designs and colors. These beads
display a vast array of shapes and sizes, some of which include:
• Circular and oval
• Rectangular
• Heart shaped
• Diamond
• Cubic
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The desirability and price of these items is decided by the patterns and finishes
that they reveal. Some of the common finishes that these beads display are as
follows:
• Regular
• Torn
• Twisted
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• Swirls
• Stripes
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Recycled Glass Beads

Recycled glass beads, though a new innovation is an endeavor to re-use glass to
manufacture beads. This is achieved by melting the glass, remoulding and
coloring it in various shapes and sizes. Some common shapes that they display
are as follows:
• Barrel
• Diamond
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• Cylindrical
• Cubic
• Round and oval
• Faceted
The quality of glass used is what decides the appearance of these beads. The
coloring techniques also differ depending on the same. A few common types of
lustre imparted by these pieces are as follows:
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• Matte Crow Beads

• Rainbow Crow Beads
• Furnace Glass Beads
• Frosted Glass Beads
• Crystal Glass Beads
• Chinese Glass Beads
• Craft Glass Beads
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Recycled beads are most commonly used for making jewelry items such as
necklaces, bangles, bracelets, earrings, anklets and armlets. Since their cost of
manufacturing is low, items made from them cater to people belonging to all
economic groups. This eventually leads to their accelerated demand in jewelry
and its allied sectors.
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Transparent Glass Beads

Transparent beads make for some of the most exotic varieties of beads as unlike
other kinds of beads, they are made up of transparent glass. The shape and
sizes of these items are varied. Some common ones are as follows:
• Round
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• Cubic
• Drops
• Rondelle
• Barrel
• Tubular
• Disks
• Heart shaped
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The type of glass used plays a major role in deciding the appearance and quality
of the beads. Venetian, Indian and Murano glasses are the most frequently used
for the manufacturing of these beads. The finishes that these items display
further accentuates the look of these pieces. The craftsmanship, however is of
prime importance when it comes to the finesse and patterns that these pieces
reveal. A few finishes that are commonly depicted include:
• Regular
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• Twisted
• Swirl
• Stripes
• Cubic
The export potential of these beads is quite high as apart from their unique
appearance, their cost of production is low. Their increased application has
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further accelerated their demand in sectors like fashion and the handicrafts
industry.
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Handicraft Glass Beads

Handcraft Glass beads are completely handmade beads, and the main
equipment require to make these beads is oxygen and propane fueled torch. To
make these beads more attractive, sometimes pure silver, special reduction frits
and enamel powder can be mixed with these beads. These additional
substances provide unusual and interesting finishes to these beads. These
handcrafted glass beads are mainly used for making precious crystals jeweleries.
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Process
To manufacture the handcraft glass beads, the colored glass roads are melted
with the help of a mix-torch of propen and oxygen. This colored glass rod is
heated up to 1700° F, and then it is wound around a treated glass rod. In this
stage, it is decorated and shapes are given according to the requirements. If the
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requirements are for some special purposes, then in this stage, the molted or
semi-molted form of the beads can be annealed by using a digitally controlled
kiln. The purpose of using such a kiln is to avoid any kind of splits of fracture on
the surface of the beads, because kiln makes the cooling process slower.
Popular Forms
The famous hand crafted glass beads are Nava and Saga glass beads. These
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beads are used specially in the necklace with other precious crystals. Another
type of handcrafted glass bead is Loose Glass Bead. These type of glass beads
are totally handcrafted and very high quality glass is required to make these
glass beads.
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Alphabet Beads
Alphabet beads are also known as "Letter Beads". When
anybody wants to provide personalize effect on his/her craft
project, the Alphabet beads are used. There is a lot of fields,
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where the Alphabet beads can be used. These fields include keychains,
hatbands, jewelry etc. Alphabet beads have different types. The major types of
Alphabet beads are: ceramic alphabet beads, square or round acrylic alphabet
beads and colored heart shaped letter beads. These beads are simply fashion
oriented due to their appealing design. People from all age groups demand these
alphabet beads. With any splendid apparel, alphabet beads can be used and
looks gorgeous during auspicious occasions. These beads can be washed if
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these are required to clean.
Process
Alphabet beads are made from different kind of materials. The materials which
are used for these beads are: glass, sterling silver, wood, acrylic, plastic etc.
Moretti glass is used to form alphabet beads. For heating the glass, the flame is
kept in moderate form, neither very hot nor to cool. With the formation of the
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letter shaped beads, gravity will help. While heating, both the front and back
portion of the beads should be brought in the flame, so that the entire surface
can get uniform amount of heat. Merely turning the bead in the flame should be
averted, because this is only suitable for round beads, not for the alphabet
beads. The idle mandrel size is 1/8", because mandrel of this size allows a cable
or chain to pass through the bead. Some specific alphabetical beads are tough to
prepare (like capital "K" and "B").
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Popular Forms
Alphabet beads are associated with vigorous colors. This phenomena makes
their appearance very appealing and attractive. Especially for jewelry and for
other decorative items, the alphabet beads are used. Home decorative include
decorate the backpacks, book bags, hang from the rear view mirror. Alphabet
Beads are found in Blue, Red, Yellow, Silver, White, Pink and Green A variety of
shapes are available for the alphabet beads. The popular shapes of alphabet
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beads are: heart shape, button shape, square shape, triangle shape and round
shape. Depending upon the demand and fashion prevailing in the market, two
type of finishes are found in the alphabet beads. These two finishes are:
Transparent and Opaque.
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Mixed Glass Beads

Mixed glass beads involve the combination of two or more patterns giving birth to
a vast denomination of bead designs. Some common types are as follows:
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• Surface Trail Mix: These beads engage the use of opaque as well as
transparent colors which are then decorated with intricate patterns of surface
trails, particularly gold lustre flecked glass.
• Aventurine Mix: These beads display a variety of shapes, the surfaces of which
are treated with gold and floral decorations.
• Fancy Amethyst Mix: These beads display colors ranging from deep lilac to
deep amethyst with differently colored cores and fancy pressed shapes.
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• Dot and Bumpy Bead Mix: Popularly known as eye beads, these beads carry
small and large dots on their surface in contrasting colors.
• Clay Bead Mix: Clay bead mixes are first usually carved in different designs,
shapes and sizes in white clay which are then later colored in vibrant shades.
• Bone Bead Mix: Bone beads come in combinations of brown and white with
intricate carvings on their surfaces. Some pieces also display stained work on
them.
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Mixed glass beads display a variety of innovative designs and unique patterns,
paving way for their use in a variety of applications such as adorning apparels to
making jewelry and beaded curtains in a highly creative manner. Manufacturing
of these items is a skilled art and has caught up great popularity not only in India
but abroad as well.
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Glass Leaf Beads

Glass leaf beads impart a dramatic statement to where ever placed and
accentuates the overall look of the craft. Curved & flat, glass leaf beads have
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carved their own niche in the glass bead market. These beads have become so
popular that entire shops are now devoted to selling them and it is also possible
to make these colorful beads from one's own from craft materials.
Process
Glass leaf beads can be crafted out of any type of glass and can be made with
any of the glass beads making techniques. Some of them include matt glass,
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dichroic glass, furnace glass, frosted glass, fused glass, blown glass and lamp
worked glass. In all these process the glass becomes molten and then is given
the desired shape of a leaf. After that they are added with decorative effects, and
different colors of glass interact with each other.
Popular Forms
Glass leaf beads are multicolored, grooved, feathered or foiled, and can be
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decorated with spots, dots, eyes, and stripes. Some of the popular forms are
etched rectangle, leaf drop, heart, curved leaf drop, ivy, fat leaves, spear leaf,
dagger leaf, maple, pointed, gold etch pointed, spikey, curved, bamboo, large
grape etc. No matter which of these designs in glass leaf beads is chosen, the
results will be beautiful.
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Glass Pearl Beads

Glass has emerged over the last few years as one of the hottest art forms. Glass
pearl beads, in particular, is now one of the favorite glass beads, worldwide.
These add a subtle, stylish and effective level of beauty to any application.
Extremely beautiful and highly sought after, glass pearl beads are ideal for
jewelry-making as well pin beading and stitched beaded projects. These
decorative beads are offered in a palette of colored, translucent, opaque, and
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geometric patterned designs.
Process
Glass pearl beads are captivated with their shimmering finish, thus making it the
most important aspect while manufacturing these beads. The glass pearl beads
are coated with desired surface finishing. Premium glass base are coated with
pearls in rich jewel tone colors. The glass base gives the perfect weight for a
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beautiful drape and the facets add sparkle and dimension.
Popular Forms
Glass pearl beads are examined for its luster, orient, surface, shape and color.
The luster of these beads is very reflective. The shape of the pearls is very
important to look at. The most valuable shape for a glass pearl beads is round,
but other shapes can also be found such as drops, hearts, oval twists, diamond
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shaped, freshwater, nuggets, flat ovals, cubes and faceted rounds. The color of a
pearl is classified into major groups containing white, pink, silver, cream, gold
and black.
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Wedding Cake Beads

Wedding cake beads are a fascinating range of lampwork beads that look like
little cakes with icing of different designs such as flowers, swirls, geometrical
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shapes, aventurine etc.
The craft of making these glass beads requires great skill and expertise as they
are made using a lamp or a flame torch to heat the rod of glass while it is worked
upon keeping in mind that the bead does not lose their shape. The designs are
made using a fine glass rod and feature a vast array of shapes such as flowers,
leaves or abstract patterns. This skill is an ancient art which has been passed on
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since generations and has now become a rich source of employment to people in
the rural sectors.
Wedding cake beads are produced in almost all the countries of the world,
particularly China, Czech and America, the difference being in their looks and the
patterns that they display. Great care is taken to ensure that each piece has a
fine finish and are small masterpieces in themselves.
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The export of wedding cake beads is now an established trade and is fast
catching up pace with their increasing application in spheres like:
• Jewelry making such as necklaces, earrings, bracelets, anklets etc.
• Beaded curtains and sofa throws.
• Adornments for showpieces such as wall hangings, lamp shades etc.
• Decorating accessories such as key chains, wrist bands, hand bags etc.
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African Glass Beads

In the ancient period, the African bead work was done with some very valuable
metals, like gold and copper. Some natural materials were also used for this
bead work. But, in the recent period of time, abundance quantity of plastics and
glass are used for this purpose. As a result, the ancient glorious touch of bead
working has been lost from the African bead work. The intrinsic touch and
original beauty can be retrieved only through the metallic beads. To abate this
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problem, Mintek of South Africa developed a new process. In this process,

recycled glass bottles were utilized to manufacture glass beads. This
manufacturing process followed the indigenous methods.
The beads, which were manufactured by using this process are known a African
Glass Beads. In the new process, the used glass bottles are crushed and grown
to powder form. This powder form is then added with a binder to make this
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adhesive and desired colorant. The beads are formed from the powder glass
mixture and these beads are kept on stainless steel wires and sintered in a kiln.
The temperature is provided around 800° C. after passing through such high
temperature, the beads come out in both clear and opaque form. In Ghana, clay
mold was used for casting glass beads into providing shape. In the mould,
molten glass was poured, which had circular bead-shaped abjections. This
poured molten glass sticked to make the chasms.
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Process
One type of powder beads in the ancient period of Africa is known as Akoso.
From when these beads were started to manufacture, is not clear. One
assumption is that these beads had been started to make in between of late 18th
century and early of the 19th century. The glass was grounded and from the
ground powder of glass, the Akoso beads were manufactured. After grounding
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the glass powder, the powder was placed in a clay mold and until and unless the
powder did not fused into solid glass, this powder was fired in the open air ovens.
In Africa, still today, these beads have an esteemed place in the mind of the
African people. These beads are used in any specific celebrations, funerals and
these beads are buried with the death under the grave. But, the matter of
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concern is that, today these beads are becoming reared and rearer to find in the
market. Today, most of the Akoso beads are available in the market in the form
of private possession. Other type of African beads are called as Bodom. These
beads are powder glass having worked designs beads. These beads are made in
Ghana. It is believed that these beads were started to manufacture from late 18th
century. The normal size of the diameters of these beads lies in between of 10
mm to 13 mm and the strand of these beads is 43 inches long.
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Curtain Glass Beads

Curtain glass beads are shaped in a mold, then flame-polished to a smooth,
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shiny finish with slightly rounded and faceted edges. Curtain Glass beads are
extensively used in the beadwork that consists of making really intricate,
patterned pieces on curtains. These beads come in brilliant colors that can vary
slightly in size from bead to bead. While most curtain glass beads are handmade,
now they are mass produced and made by modern equipment.
Popular Forms
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Making glass beads for curtains, like any other craft, is only limited by the
imagination and creativity of the maker. Available in a rainbow of uniqueness,
these beads come in literally every color and color combination imaginable. One
of the most daunting aspects of working with glass beads in general, is the vast
and divergent array of colors, finishes, styles available.
Finishes
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The various finishes in which curtain glass beads are found include ceylon (pearl)
- this surface finish gives the bead a shiny, and pearlescent appearance, color -
lined - these are beads that have a hole or center color that is different from the
color of the bead glass itself, greasy or oily - this is a finish that gives the bead
the appearance of being wet or "oil-polished". Other finishes include iridescent,
metallic, opalescent, opaque, satin etc.
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Glass Bead Jewelry

Glass beads have been used from making the
ancient jewelry of Babylon and Egypt to today's
trendier jewelry. These beads are widely used in
the making of jewelery owing to it's amazingly
detailed work that come with a natural fluidity.
Designers manufacture jewelry glass beads,
having a very specific creative concept in mind.
Glass beads are produced in a very large
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quantity both in factories and by cottage industries to fulfill the rising demands of
jewelery industry.
Techniques
Glass beadwork for making jewelery consists of really intricate designs that is
only limited by the imagination and creativity of the maker. Most often, they are
strung, but on occasion they are wired to a mesh backing which is called the
"collage" technique of jewelry making. The collage technique is most often used
for broaches or earrings. Glass beads are made more beautiful when mixed
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together with gemstone beads and some metal beads for accent.
Popular Forms
Glass beads are available in a wide variety of colors, sizes, and shapes that
make them a great element in one's jewelry supplies. An added benefit to using
glass beads in jewelry making is their low cost. Jewelery makers find a wide
selection of shapes of glass beads including flowers, leaves, cathedral beads
also known as "window beads", pyramids, bicones, stars, hearts and coins. The
various finishes in which glass bead jewelry are found include shiny and
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pearlescent appearance, beads that have a hole or center color, oil-polished,

iridescent, very shiny and polished looking on the surface.
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SWOT Analysis of Banaras Beads Ltd.

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Strength
1. Ability to manufacture all types of beads.
2. Own Manufacturing unit.

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3. Availability of suitable manpower.
4. Established brand.
5. Export policy favorable.

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6. Access to customer.
7. Market position is strong.
8. One of the most profitable & renowned export houses of India.

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Weakness
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1. Traditional technology.
2. Lack of professionalism.
3. No definite marketing policy.

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4. More lead time.
5. Wastage of raw materials.
6. Accuracy marketing efforts.

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7. Absence of standard marketing policy.
Opportunities
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1. Global growth in the demand.
2. Growth in domestic demand for artificial decoration.
3. Catering changing customer demands & delivering according to their

specifications.
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4. Contemporary export policy of the government.

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Threats
1. Increase in technology.
2. Fast changing customer preference.

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3. Global trade policies.
4. Competitors from China and Malaysia in Asia and economy in Europe on

the basis of quality and cost.
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FINDINGS & ANALYSIS

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• About The Designs Of Beads
BBL has more than 5 laths designs of beads which are exported to all
parts of the world .The designs created by BBL are really antique and
unique from the designs of other producers.
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• About The Creation Of New Designs Of Beads
BBL has its expert members, designers, and craftsmen who are
continuously working on creativity of designs. A continuous interaction is
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done with craftsmen and their views are taken how it could be the best
antique designs.
• About The Export Procedure & Documentation

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Export procedure is very lengthy and cumbersome process in which

building long term relation with the customers is focused in order to
maintain their export sale.
Export business depends upon several risks like physical damage during
transit, payment which can be controlled by quoting the right terms for
payment etc.
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• About The Processing Of Orders From All Over The World

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At the time of clearance, the goods at the port of exporter is not done
because some documents are not according to the contract ,in that case
the shipment is delayed.
Sometimes the goods from the company to the port of exporter gets
physically damaged so in this case also shipment is delayed.
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Processing of orders is done with great care and with continuous

interaction with their importers , if the importers has to make any changes
in the contract he has to inform well
before time provided by him so that extra charges could be made in that
period.
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RECOMMENDATIONS
• First of all when the goods are ready for dispatching, it should be
rigorously checked and compared with the specifications according to the
packing list.
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• The color size, width, weight of each bead should be checked properly.
Pack the goods properly so as to avoid physical damage during the
transit period.
• All the required documents should be provided to the export clearance

agency so that it shouldn’t get delayed at the port by customs.
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• For new designs of beads, the experts should consult with the foreign
experts who are creating beads designs and should participate in the
trade fairs organized abroad, where latest designs are displayed.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY:
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♠ Publications of Banaras Beads Ltd.
♠ www.bblindia.com
♠ www.moneycontrol.com
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♠ www.myiris.com
♠ www.beadsforeducation.org
♠ www.wikipedia.org
♠ www.thebeadsworld.com
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♠ www.smartassglass.com
♠ www.banarasstockoffer.com
♠ www.religaretechnova.com
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SYNOPSIS:-
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Photo of the
Export Procedure & Manufacturing student with
Company Name: Process Industry Guide.
Banaras Beads
Ltd. Name : JATIN KUMAR SINGH
Industry Guide: MR. PRASHANT TIWARY
Faculty Guide: MS. GEETA JAGLAN
 The objective of the Research was to analyze & study all

the procedures required for export. A detailed analysis of
the different export procedures have been taken in
respect of Banaras Beads Ltd. A comparative analysis
with its major competitors in India has also been done so
as to find out the current place of the organization with
respect to its competitors. The report is focused towards
knowing how the key business processes are being
carried out in the organization.
 There has also been done a significant analysis of the
manufacturing process. The finding from the report gives
that the market share of Banaras Beads Ltd. is quite high
in respect to its competitor’s. Banaras Beads Ltd. has
got a good reputation in the domestic as well as
international market. There is still a lot of space for the
organization to expand its business horizon & emerge
among the world leaders in its arena.
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My Perception about the Industry Guide :-
My industry guide was Mr. Prashant Tiwary. He helped me a lot in

completion of this project as well as in my overall development. He
helped me in boosting my confidence. He explained things in the
simpler terms like about the accounts and insurances at standard
chartered bank. He guided me in all possible way that he could.
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Export Procedure & Manufacturing Process

[Type a quote from the document

SUMMER TRAINING REPORT SUBMITTED TOWARDS THE

EXPORT PROCEDURE &

JATIN KUMAR SINGH

INDUSTRY GUIDE FACULTY GUIDE

AMITY INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS SCHOOL,

Chapter No. Subject Page No.

Ch. # 1.0 Executive Summary 5

2.2 Objectives of the Report 7

Ch. # 3.0 Company Profile 10-21

3.4 Manufacturing Process 46-77

This is to certify that Mr. JATIN KUMAR SINGH, a student of Post

Graduate Degree in International Business. To the best of our knowledge no

I express my sincere gratitude to my industry guide Mr. Prashant Tiwari,

There were two main processes on which I was focusing i.e.

Research problem: - Creation of New Designs of Beads

Change is so pervasive in our lives that it almost defeats description and

• The reasons behind untimely delivery of goods to the consignee.

• How the designing of beads is done.

• The problems during exports of beads.

Objective of the project

 To know about the designs of glass beads.

 How the company creates new designs of beads.

 To know the basic procedure of export

 To know about the basic export documentation.

 To analyze the strength and weakness.

Scope of the study

Limitations of the study

Although I have taken care to keep the study to be unaffected of any

• This study is based on secondary data, and its accuracy depends on

been out of my understandings, couldn’t have been done justice with.

According “Messrs Banaras Beads Manufacturing Company” was established in

The company initially commenced its operations with manufacturing of glass

The Varanasi unit is manufacturing Glass Beads, Neckless, Earrings, Tasbees,

manufacturing of Handicrafts, Silk Fabrics, Scarves & Brocade Sarees Etc.

neighboring states of Delhi , Basmati Rice , Spices, Agarbatti & Perfumes,

2. Other associate /groups companies:

Banaras Manufactured Pvt. Limited, Noida (U.P.).This manufacturing unit of the

Banaras Leatheries Pvt. Limited, Kanpur is engaged in the manufacturing and

3. Organisation Structure of BBL

4. Mode of marketing in BBL

1. International trade fair & exhibitions.

A pearl in a shell inspires BBL to be pioneer in beads manufacturing .Today BBL

4.Imitation & Silver jewellery

6.Leather garments & accessories

7.Imitation & Costume Jewellary

accessories, appliqués, pendants etc. Designing of our jewellary is done by

are also displayed separately at our Delhi showroom. So that immediate

durries. Hand tufted carpets and druggets .A ready stock of assorted

12. Silk & Textiles

13.Leather Garments & Accessories

14.Cotton/Canvas Bags & Accessories

backpack bags, accessories includes waist coats in tapestry, dhurry, patchwork,

15. Sports Goods /Wears

16.Potpourri/Wax Candles/Herbal Cosmetics

5.Awards & Distinctions

• .President of India award for excellence in exports in July 1977.

• .Chemical & Allied for export promotion council award-19 occasions.

CAPEXIL top export award in SSI section – 2 occasions.

U.P. government’s awards for excellence in exports -5 occasions.

IMM-Data Marketing Man Award-1980.

Federation of Small Scale Industries Award.