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Port & Harbour

Contents
Anchorage............................................................................................................ 5
Apron:...................................................................................................................... 5
AFT....................................................................................................................... 5
Backhaul.............................................................................................................. 5
Barge.................................................................................................................... 5
Berth:................................................................................................................... 5
Board of Commissioners...................................................................................... 5
bollard.................................................................................................................. 5
Box....................................................................................................................... 5
Breakbulk cargo................................................................................................... 5
Bulk cargo............................................................................................................ 5
Bulkhead.............................................................................................................. 5
Buoys................................................................................................................... 5
BALLAST............................................................................................................... 5
B/d........................................................................................................................ 6
Capacity............................................................................................................... 6
Captive cargo port................................................................................................ 6
Cargo.................................................................................................................... 6
Chandlers............................................................................................................. 6
Channels of distribution....................................................................................... 6
Chock................................................................................................................... 6
Clerks................................................................................................................... 6
Consignment........................................................................................................ 6
Container............................................................................................................. 6
Container freight station...................................................................................... 7
Container chassis................................................................................................. 7
Container crane:.................................................................................................. 7
Container terminal............................................................................................... 7
Containerization................................................................................................... 7
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CLIP Training Academy Port & Harbour

Craft..................................................................................................................... 7
Customs............................................................................................................... 7
CABLE SHIP.......................................................................................................... 7
CLEAN SHIP.......................................................................................................... 7
Dead Weight Tonnage (DWT):..............................................................................8
Deck barge........................................................................................................... 8
Demurrage........................................................................................................... 8
Dock..................................................................................................................... 8
Dockage............................................................................................................... 8
Draft..................................................................................................................... 8
Dredge................................................................................................................. 8
Dry bulk................................................................................................................ 8
Elevator................................................................................................................ 8
EEC....................................................................................................................... 9
Fleeting:............................................................................................................... 9
FIREMAN............................................................................................................... 9
gantry crane......................................................................................................... 9
Harbour................................................................................................................ 9
Heavy hauler........................................................................................................ 9
Heavy lift.............................................................................................................. 9
Home port............................................................................................................ 9
Hostler (or hustler):.............................................................................................. 9
HARBOUR MASTER (Port Captain)......................................................................10
Interchange........................................................................................................ 10
ISO..................................................................................................................... 10
launch service.................................................................................................... 10
LCL..................................................................................................................... 10
Length Overall (LOA):......................................................................................... 10
Lift On-Lift Off (LO/LO):....................................................................................... 10
long ton.............................................................................................................. 10
LAID-UP -............................................................................................................ 10
marine surveyor................................................................................................. 11
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CLIP Training Academy Port & Harbour

master................................................................................................................ 11
Marshaling yard.................................................................................................. 11
Mean low water.................................................................................................. 11
Mean high water................................................................................................ 11
Mooring dolphin................................................................................................. 11
MAIN DECK......................................................................................................... 11
NATIONAL FLAG.................................................................................................. 11
On-dock rail........................................................................................................ 11
On-terminal rail.................................................................................................. 11
Operating port:................................................................................................... 11
OFF-LOAD -......................................................................................................... 11
Port..................................................................................................................... 11
PALLET................................................................................................................ 11
Railhead............................................................................................................. 12
Refrigeration or reefer units...............................................................................12
Ro/ro................................................................................................................... 12
Rubber-Tired Gantry (RTG):................................................................................12
Sheddage........................................................................................................... 12
Short ton............................................................................................................ 12
Spreader............................................................................................................ 12
Stevedores:........................................................................................................ 12
Straddle carrier.................................................................................................. 12
Stripping............................................................................................................. 12
SHIFTING............................................................................................................ 12
Terminal.............................................................................................................. 12
Toplift................................................................................................................. 12
Towboat.............................................................................................................. 12
Transit port......................................................................................................... 13
Transit shed........................................................................................................ 13
Transshipment.................................................................................................... 13
Transtainer......................................................................................................... 13
Trucks................................................................................................................. 13
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CLIP Training Academy Port & Harbour

Tugboat:............................................................................................................. 13
Twenty Foot Equivalent Unit (TEU):....................................................................13
Vessel:................................................................................................................ 13
VLCC................................................................................................................... 13
Warehouse:........................................................................................................ 13
Wharf:................................................................................................................ 13

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CLIP Training Academy Port & Harbour

A
Anchorage: Port charge relating to a vessel moored at approved anchorage site in
a harbour.
Apron: The area immediately in front of or behind a wharf shed on which cargo is
lifted. On the "front apron," cargo is unloaded from or loaded onto a ship. Behind
the shed, cargo moves over the "rear apron" into and out of railroad cars.
AFT - Near or toward the stern of the vessel.
ANCHOR HANDLING TUG - Tug that moves anchors and tow drilling vessels,
lighters and similar. Also ANCHOR HANDLING TUG/SUPPLY used also for supplies
AMIDSHIPS - Generally speaking the word amidships means in the middle portion
of a vessel.
ASTERN - Behind, or a backward direction in the line of a vessel's fore and aft line.
When a vessel moves backwards it is said to move astern; opposite to ahead.
AUTOMATIC PILOT - An instrument that controls automatically a vessel's steering
gear to enable her to follow a pre-determined track through the water.
B
Backhaul: To haul a shipment back over part of a route which it has already
travelled; a marine transportation carriers return movement of cargo, usually
opposite from the direction of its primary cargo distribution.
Barge: A large, flat-bottomed boat used to carry cargo from a port to shallow-draft
waterways. Barges have no locomotion and are pushed by towboats. A single,
standard barge can hold 1,500 tons of cargo or as much as either 15 railroad cars or
60 trucks can carry. A barge is 200 feet long, 35 feet wide and has a draft of 9 feet.
Barges carry dry bulk (grain, coal, lumber, gravel, etc.) and liquid bulk (petroleum,
vegetable oils, molasses, etc.).
Berth: (verb) To bring a ship to a berth. (noun) The wharf space at which a ship
docks. A wharf may have two or three berths, depending on the length of incoming
ships.
Board of Commissioners: The members of the governing board of a port
authority are called commissioners. Members of a Board of Commissioners can be
elected or appointed and usually serve for several years.
bollard: A line-securing device on a wharf around which mooring and berthing lines
are fastened.
Box: Slang term for a container.
Breakbulk cargo: Non-containerized general cargo stored in boxes, bales, pallets
or other units to be loaded onto or discharged from ships or other forms of
transportation. Examples include iron, steel, machinery, linerboard and woodpulp.
Bulk cargo: Loose cargo (dry or liquid) that is loaded (shoveled, scooped, forked,
mechanically conveyed or pumped) in volume directly into a ships hold; e.g., grain,
coal and oil.
Bulkhead: A structure used to protect against shifting cargo and/or to separate the
load.
Buoys: Floats that warn of hazards such as rocks or shallow ground, to help ships
manoeuvre through unfamiliar harbours.
BALLAST - Heavy substances loaded by a vessel to improve stability, trim, sea5
CLIP Training Academy Port & Harbour

keeping and to increase the immersion at the propeller. In the days of sail rocks and
sand were used. Modern ships use seawater loaded in ballast tanks placed at the
bottom of the ship, or in some cases on the sides called wing tanks. Tankers admit
ballast water into the cargo tanks to submerge the vessel to a proper trim. When
ballast tanks are not connected with the cargo system they are referred to as
SEGREGATED BALLAST TANKS.
BARGE - Flat-bottomed boat for carrying cargo on protected waterways, usually
without engines or crew accommodations. On inland river systems barges can be
lashed together and either pushed or pulled by tugs and handle cargo of 60,000
tonnes or more. Small barges for carrying cargo between ship and shore are known
as lighters.
B/d -Barrels per day (measure of petroleum production).
BEAM - The width of a ship. Also called breadth.
B/L TON (also Freight Ton) - the greater weight or measurement of goods where
1 tonnes is either 1,000 kg or 1 cubic metre.
BOILERS - Steam generating units used aboard ship to provide steam for
propulsion and for heating and other auxiliary purposes.
BONDED WAREHOUSE - An area of security approved by custom authorities for
the safekeeping or deposit of goods liable for excise duty but not yet subject to that
duty.
BREAKBULK VESSEL - A general, multipurpose, cargo ship that carriers cargoes of
non-uniform sizes, often on pallets, resulting in labour-intensive loading and
unloading.

BULKHEAD - A name given to any vertical partition which separates different


compartments or spaces from one another.
BUNKERS - Fuel consumed by the engines of a ship; compartments or tanks in a
ship for fuel storage.
Capacity: The available space for, or ability to handle, freight.
Captive cargo port: When most of a ports inbound cargoes are being shipped
short distances and most of its export products come from nearby areas, the port is
called a captive cargo port. (Contrast with a transit port.)
Cargo: The freight (goods, products) carried by a ship, barge, train, truck or plane.
Chandlers: Like a hotel at sea, a ship needs many supplies to operate and serve its
crew-- groceries; paper products; engine parts; electronics; hardware; etc. A
chandler sells these supplies to the ships agent. Originally, chandlers (candle
makers) provided illumination to ships. Over time they expanded the variety of
products they could provide to ships.
Channels of distribution: The routes by which products are transported from
origin to destination. This includes the physical routes, as well as the different
companies involved in ultimately delivering the goods to buyers.

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CLIP Training Academy Port & Harbour

Chock: A piece of wood or other material put next to cargo to prevent it from
shifting.
Clerks: When cargo is unloaded from a ship, a clerk checks the actual count of the
goods (number of boxes, drums, bundles, pipes, etc.) versus the amount listed on
the ships manifest. He will note shortages, overages or damage. This is used to
make claims if needed.
Consignment: A shipment of goods. The buyer of this shipment is called the
consignee; the seller of the goods is called the consignor.
Container: A box made of aluminium, steel or fiberglass used to transport cargo by
ship, rail, truck or barge. Common dimensions are 20' x 8 x 8' (called a TEU or
twenty-foot equivalent unit) or 40' x 8' x 8', called an FEU. Variations are collapsible
containers, tank containers (for liquids) and "rag tops" (open-topped containers
covered by a tarpaulin for cargo that sticks above the top of a closed box). In the
container industry, containers are usually simply called boxes.
Container freight station: The facility for stuffing and stripping a container of its
cargo, especially for movement by railroad.
Container chassis: A piece of equipment specifically designed for the movement
of containers by highway to and from container terminals.
Container crane: Usually, a rail-mounted gantry crane located on a wharf for the
purpose of loading and unloading containers on vessels.
Container terminal: A specialized facility where ocean container vessels dock to
discharge and load containers, equipped with cranes with a safe lifting capacity of
35-40 tons, with booms having an outreach of up to 120 feet in order to reach the
outside cells of vessels. Most such cranes operate on rail tracks and have
articulating rail trucks on each of their four legs, enabling them to traverse along
the terminal and work various bays on the vessel and for more than one crane to
work a single vessel simultaneously. Most terminals have direct rail access and
container storage areas, and are served by highway carriers.
Containerization: The technique of using a container to store, protect and handle
cargo while it is in transit. This shipping method has both greatly expedited the
speed at which cargo is moved from origin to destination and lowered shipping
costs.
Craft: A boat, ship or airplane.
Customs: A duty or tax on imported goods. These fees are a major bonus to the
economy. The Customs Department also works to prevent the importation of illegal
drugs and contraband.
CABLE SHIP - a specially constructed ship for the laying and repairing of telegraph
and telephone cables across channels, seas, lakes, and oceans.
CARGO HANDLING - The act of loading and discharging a cargo ship.
CHEMICAL TANKER - Ship specially designed for the transport of chemicals.
CHIEF ENGINEER - The senior engineer officer responsible for the satisfactory
working and upkeep of the main and auxiliary machinery and boiler plant on board
ship.
CHIEF MATE - The officer in the deck department next in rank to the master;
second in command of a ship.

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CLIP Training Academy Port & Harbour

CLEAN SHIP - Refers to tankers which have their cargo tanks free of traces of dark
persistent oils, which remain after carrying crudes and heavy fuel oils.
COLLIER - Vessel used for transporting coal.
COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM - Electronic system commonly used to prevent
collisions in inland navigable waterways.
CONTAINER SHIP - a ship designed to handle containerised cargo. A fully cellular
container ship is one that carries no cranes and is reliant on shorebased cranes for
loading and discharging. Container ships' hulls are divided into cells accessible
through large hatches into which the containers fit. Specialized types of container
ships are the LASH and SeaBee, which carry floating containers (or "lighters,") and
RoRo ships, which may carry containers on truck trailers.
CREW - The personnel engaged on board ship, excluding the master and officers
and the passengers on passenger ships.
CUBIC CAPACITY - The most important commercial measurement when the
intrinsic weight of the cargo is so low that the ship becomes full without being
loaded to the cargo line. Is expressed in cubic metres or cubic feet.
Dead Weight Tonnage (DWT): Maximum weight of a vessel including the vessel,
cargo and ballast.
Deck barge: Transports heavy or oversize cargoes mounted to its top deck instead
of inside a hold. Machinery, appliances, project cargoes and even recreational
vehicles move on deck barges.
Demurrage: A penalty fee assessed when cargo isnt moved off a wharf before the
free time allowance ends.
Dock: (verb) - To bring in a vessel to tie up at a wharf berth. (One parks a car, but
docks a ship.) (noun) - A dock is a structure built along, or at an angle from, a
navigable waterway so that vessels may lie alongside to receive or discharge cargo.
Sometimes, the whole wharf is informally called a dock.
Dockage: A charge by a port authority for the length of water frontage used by a
vessel tied up at a wharf.
Draft: The depth of a loaded vessel in the water taken from the level of the
waterline to the lowest point of the hull of the vessel; depth of water, or distance
between the bottom of the ship and waterline.
Dredge: (noun) A waterborne machine that removes unwanted silt accumulations
from the bottom of a waterway. (verb) The process of removing sediment from
harbour or river bottoms for safety purposes and to allow for deeper vessels.
Dry bulk: Minerals or grains stored in loose piles moving without mark or
count.Examples are potash, industrial sands, wheat, soybeans and peanuts.
DAVITS - Two radial cranes on a ship which hold the lifeboats, which are used to
lower and lift lifeboats.
DEADWEIGHT (DWT) - A common measure of ship carrying capacity, equalling the
number of tonnes of cargo, stores and bunkers that the ship can transport. It is the
difference between the number of tonnes of water a vessel displaces 'light' and the
number of tons it displaces when submerged to the 'deep load line'. A ship's cargo
capacity is less than its total deadweight tonnage. The difference in weight between
a vessel when it is fully loaded and when it is empty (in general transportation
terms, the net) measured by the water it displaces. This is the most common, and
useful, measurement for shipping as it measures cargo capacity and is usually used
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CLIP Training Academy Port & Harbour

when referring to liquid and dry bulk ships.


DECK HOUSE - Small superstructure on the top deck of a vessel, which contains
the helm and other navigational instruments.
DERRICK - A type of crane found on merchant ships, the name is believed to have
been the name of a London hangman named Derrick of the 17th century.
DISABLED SHIP - When a ship is unable to sail efficiently or in a seaworthy state
as a result of engine trouble, lack of officers or crew, damage to the hull or ship's
gear..
DOUBLE BOTTOM - General term for all watertight spaces contained between the
outside bottom plating, the tank top and the margin plate. The double bottoms are
sub-divided into a number of separate tanks which may contain boiler feed water,
drinking water, fuel oil, ballast, etc. Now becoming common on all tankers.
DRY DOCK - An enclosed basin into which a ship is taken for underwater cleaning
and repairing. It is fitted with watertight entrance gates which when closed permit
the dock to be pumped dry. Sometimes has two or more compartments separated
by watertight doors. Dry docks are also referred to as Graving Docks.
DWT - Deadweight tonnes.
Elevator: A complex including storage facilities, computerized loading; inspection
rooms and docks to load and unload dry bulk cargo such as grain or green coffee.
EEC - European Economic Community, the European Common Market.
EEU - European Economic Union, the political union of Europe.
ETA - Estimated time of arrival
ETD - Estimated time of departure
Fender piles: The wooden or plastic pilings on the outer edge of the wharf function
like the fenders on a car. They are there to absorb the shock of a ship as it docks at
the wharf and to protect the structural pilings that actually support the wharf.
Fender piles are also called sacrifice piles since they are designed to be discarded
after they are broken.
Fleeting: The area at which barges, towboats and tugs are berthed until needed.
The operation of building or dismantling barge tows.
FIREMAN - an unlicensed member of the engine, room staff whose duties consist in
standing watch in the boiler room and insuring the oil burning equipment is working
properly.
FREEBOARD - The distance between the statutory deck line and the waterline.
FREIGHT TONNE - The greater weight or measurement of goods where 1 tonne is
equal to 1,000kg or 1 cubic metre.
gantry crane: Track-mounted, shoreside crane utilized in the loading and
unloading of breakbulk cargo, containers and heavy lift cargo.
GANG - term used to describe a selected work force or team that works as a team
in a harbour environment, usually in stevedoring.
GANGWAY - a narrow portable platform used as a passage, by persons entering or
leaving a vessel moored alongside a pier or quay.
GAS TANKER - Specially designed for the transport of condensed (liquefied) gases.
The most important gases are: ammonia, ethylene, LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas),
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CLIP Training Academy Port & Harbour

which consists mainly of methane, and is cooled to a temperature of minus 163


degrees Celsius, and LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) such as butane and propane.
GROSS & NET TONNAGE (GT and NT) - Gross tonnage is the basis on which
manning rules and safety regulations are applied, and registration fees are
reckoned. Port fees are also often reckoned on the basis of GT and NT. GT and NT
are defined according to formulas which take account, among other things, of the
volume of the vessel's enclosed spaces (GT) and the volume of its holds (NT).
GROSS REGISTERED TONS - A common measurement of the internal volume of a
ship with certain spaces excluded.
Harbour: A port of haven where ships may anchor.
Heavy hauler: A truck equipped to transport unusually heavy cargoes (steel slabs,
bulldozers, transformers, boats, heavy machinery, etc.)
Heavy lift: Very heavy cargoes that require specialized equipment to move the
products to and from ship/truck/rail/barge and terminals. This "heavy lift" machinery
may be installed aboard a ship designed just for such transport. Shore cranes,
floating cranes and lift trucks may also adapted for such heavy lifts.
Home port: Port from which a cruise ship loads passengers and begins its itinerary,
and to which it returns to disembark passengers upon conclusion of voyage.
Sometimes referred to as "embarkation port" and "turn around port."
Hostler (or hustler): A tractor, usually unlicensed, for moving containers within a
yard.

HARBOUR MASTER (Port Captain) - A person usually having the experience of a


certificated master mariner and having a good knowledge of the characteristics of
the port and its whole area. He administers the entire shipping movements that
take place in and within reach of his port.
HAWSER - Large strong rope or cable used for towing purposes and for securing or
mooring ships.
HOISTING ROPE - Special flexible wire or nylon rope for lifting purposes.
HULL - Shell or body of a ship - applies to the side and bottom of ship.
Interchange: Point of entry/exit for trucks delivering and picking up containerized
cargo. Point where pickups and deposits of containers in storage area or yard are
assigned.
ISO: International Organization for Standardization. Worldwide organization formed
to promote development of standards to facilitate the international carriage and
exchange of goods and services. Governs construction specifications for ISO
containers.
INERT GAS SYSTEM - A system of preventing any explosion in the cargo tanks of a
tanker by replacing the cargo, as it is pumped out, by an inert gas, often the
exhaust of the ship's engine. Gas-freeing must be carried out subsequently if
workers have to enter the empty tanks.
INLAND WATERS - Term referring to lakes, streams, rivers, canals, waterways,
inlets, bays and the like.
INTEGRATED TUG BARGE (ITB) - A large barge of integrated from the rear on to
the bow of a tug purposely constructed to push the barge.
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CLIP Training Academy Port & Harbour

INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS - Consist of international straits, inland and


interoceanic canals and rivers where they separate the territories of two or more
nations. Provided no treaty is enforced both merchant ships and warships have the
right of free and unrestricted navigation through these waterways.
JACKUP - A deck with legs that can be jacked up or down. During operations, the
legs rest on the seabed. When the rig is moved, the legs are retracted, leaving the
rig floating. A jackup has Normally no propulsion machinery of its own.
KEEL - The lowest longitudinal timber of a vessel, on which framework of the whole
is built up; combination of iron plates serving same purpose in iron vessel.
launch service: Companies that offer "water-taxi" service to ships at anchor.
LCL: The acronym for "less than container load." It refers to a partial container load
that is usually consolidated with other goods to fill a container.
Length Overall (LOA): Linear measurement of a vessel from bow to stern.
Lift On-Lift Off (LO/LO): Cargo handling technique involving transfer of
commodities to and from the ship using shoreside cranes or ship's gear.
long ton: A long ton equals 2240 pounds.
LAID-UP - Ships not in active service; a ship which is out of commission for fitting
out, awaiting better markets, needing work for classification, etc.
LAY-BY - ships that are laid up usually waiting for cargo or a charter, often outside a
port.
LIFEBOAT - A specially constructed (often double-ended) boat, which can withstand
heavy, rough seas.
LIGHTER - General name for a broad, flat-bottomed boat used in transporting cargo
between a vessel and the shore. The distinction between a lighter and a barge is
more in the manner of use than in equipment. The term 'lighter' refers to a short
haul, generally in connection with loading and unloading operations of vessels in
harbour, while the term 'barge' is more often used when the cargo is being carried
to its destination over a long distance.
LNG - Liquefied Natural Gas.
LOAD LINE - The line on a vessel indicating the maximum depth to which that
vessel can sink when loaded with cargo. Also known as Marks.
LPG - Liquefied Petroleum Gas, or a carrier of LPG.
manifest: The ship captains list of individual goods that make up the ships cargo.
marine surveyor: Person who inspects a ship hull or its cargo for damage or
quality.
master: The officer in charge of the ship. "Captain" is a courtesy title often given to
a master.
Marshaling yard: This is a container parking lot, or any open area where
containers are stored in a precise order according to the ship loading plan.
Containers terminals may use a grounded or wheeled layout. If the cargo box is
placed directly on the ground, it is called a grounded operation. If the box is on a
chassis/trailer, it is a wheeled operation.
Mean low water (MLW): Lowest average level water reaches on an outgoing tide.
Mean high water (MHW): Highest average level water reaches on an outgoing
tide.
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CLIP Training Academy Port & Harbour

Mooring dolphin: A cluster of pilings to which a boat or barge ties up.


MAIN DECK - The main continuous deck of a ship running from fore to aft; the
principle deck; the deck from which the freeboard is determined.
MASTHEAD LIGHT - A white light positioned over the fore and aft centreline of the
vessel.
MOORING LINE - A cable or line used to tie up a ship.
M/T - Metric tonnes (2,250 lbs)
NATIONAL FLAG - The flag carried by a ship to show her nationality.
NET CAPACITY - The number of tons of cargo which a vessel can carry when
loaded in salt water to her summer freeboard marks. Also called cargo carrying
capacity, cargo deadweight, and useful deadweight.
NET TONNAGE - Equals gross tonnage minus deductions for space occupied by
crew accommodations, machinery, navigation equipment and bunkers. It represents
space available for cargo (and passengers). Canal tolls are based on net (registered)
tonnage.
NRT - Net registered tons. This tonnage is frequently shown on ship registration
papers; it represents the volumetric area available for cargo at 100 cubic feet = 1
ton. It often is used by port and canal authorities as a basis for charges.
On-dock rail: Direct shipside rail service. Includes the ability to load and unload
containers/breakbulk directly from rail car to vessel.
On-terminal rail: Rail service and trackage provided by a railroad within a
designated terminal area.
Operating port: At an operational port like Charleston, South Carolina, the port
authority builds the wharves, owns the cranes and cargo-handling equipment and
hires the labour to move cargo in the sheds and yards. A stevedore hires longshore
labour to lift cargo between the ship and the dock, where the ports labourers pick it
up and bring it to the storage site.
OFF-LOAD - Discharge of cargo from a ship.
Pier: A structure which just out into a waterway from the shore, for mooring vessels
and cargo handling. Sometimes called a finger pier.
Port: This term is used both for the harbour area where ships are docked and for
the agency (port authority), which administers use of public wharves and port
properties.
PALLET - A flat tray, generally made of wood but occasionally of steel, on which
goods particularly those in boxes, cartons or bags, can be stacked. Its purpose is to
facilitate the movement of such goods, mainly by the use of forklift trucks.
PILOT HOUSE - The enclosed space on the navigating bridge from which a ship is
controlled when under way.
PORT SIDE - the left hand side of a ship facing the front or forward end. The port
side of a ship during darkness is indicated by a red light. Was previously known as
the larboard side but this created confusion with starboard and was changed.
Quay: A wharf, which parallels the waterline.
Railhead: End of the railroad line or point in the area of operations at which cargo
is loaded and unloaded.
Reefer: A container with refrigeration for transporting frozen foods (meat, ice
cream, fruit, etc.)

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CLIP Training Academy Port & Harbour

Refrigeration or reefer units: The protective cooling of perishable freight by ice,


liquid nitrogen, or mechanical devices
Ro/ro: Short for roll on/roll/off . A ro/ro ship is designed with ramps that can be
lowered to the dock so cars, buses, trucks or other vehicles can drive into the belly
of the ship, rather than be lifted aboard. A ro/ro ship, like a container ship, has a
quick turnaround time of about 12 hours.
Rubber-Tired Gantry (RTG): Traveling crane used for the movement and
positioning of containers in a container field. RTG's may also be used for loading and
unloading containers from rail cars.
Sheddage: Regardless of the length of stay, a vessel is charged a one-time fee for
use of shed space and/or marginal (waterside) rail track space. The charge is based
on the length of a vessel.
Short ton: A short ton equals 2,000. Lifting capacity and cargo measurements are
designated in short tons.
Spreader: a device for lifting containers by their corner posts. The spreader bar on
a container crane is telescopic to allow lifting various length containers.
Stevedores: Labour management companies that provide equipment and hire
workers to transfer cargo between ships and docks. Stevedore companies may also
serve as terminal operators. The labourers hired by the stevedoring firms are called
stevedores or longshoremen.
Straddle carrier: Container terminal equipment, which is motorized and runs on
rubber tires. It can straddle a single row of containers and is primarily used to move
containers around the terminal, but also to transport containers to and from the
transtainer and load/unload containers from truck chassis.
Stripping: The process of removing cargo from a container.
SHIFTING - This refers to movements or changing positions of cargo from one place
to another - a dangerous situation at sea that can easily endanger the
seaworthiness or cargo worthiness of the
ship.
SISTER SHIPS - Ships built on the same design.
STARBOARD - The right-hand side of a ship when facing the front or forward end.
The starboard side of a ship during darkness is indicated by a green light.
STERN - The bow or rear of the ship; an upright post or bar of the bow of a vessel.
STERNWAY - The reverse movement of a vessel.
STEVEDORE - labourer employed in ship cargo handling, also known as
Longshoreman
STUFFING (or STRIPPING) - the act of packing or unpacking a container.
Terminal: The place where cargo is handled is called a terminal (or a wharf).
Toplift: A piece of equipment similar to a forklift that lifts from above rather than
below. Used to handle containers in the storage yard to and from storage stacks,
trucks and railcars.
Towboat: A snub-nosed boat with push knees used for pushing barges. A small
towboat (called a push boat) may push one or two barges around the harbor. A
large towboat is used to push from 5 to 40 barges in a tow is called a line boat.
From the Port of New Orleans, line boats deliver cargo to Mid-America via the
14,500-mile waterway system flowing through the Crescent City.

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CLIP Training Academy Port & Harbour

Transit port: When the majority of cargoes moving through a port arent coming
from or destined for the local market, the port is called a transit (or through) port.
Transit shed: The shed on a wharf is designed to protect cargoes from weather
damage and is used only for short-term storage. Warehouses operated by private
firms house goods for longer periods.
Transshipment: The unloading of cargo at a port or point where it is then
reloaded, sometimes into another mode of transportation, for transfer to a final
destination.
Transtainer: A type of crane used in the handling of containers, which is
motorized, mounted on rubber tires and can straddle at least four railway tracks,
some up to six, with a lifting capacity of 35 tons for loading and unloading
containers to and from railway cards.
Trucks: Heavy automotive vehicles used to transport cargo. In the maritime
industry, cargo is often carried by tractor-trailers. The tractor is the front part of the
vehicle, also called a cab. The trailer is the detachable wheeled chassis behind the
tractor, on which containers or other cargoes are placed.
Tugboat: Strong v-hull shaped boat used for manoeuvring ships into and out of port
and to carry supplies. A ship is too powerful to pull up to the wharf on its own. It
cuts power and lets the tug nudge it in. Generally barges are pushed by towboats,
not tugs.
Twenty Foot Equivalent Unit (TEU): A unit of measurement equal to the space
occupied by a standard twenty foot container. Used in stating the capacity of
container vessel or storage area. One 40 ft. Container is equal to two TEU's.
Vessel: A ship or large boat.
VLCC - Very Large Crude Carriers: Tankers between 200,000 and 300,000DWT.
VLCS - Very Large Container Ship - a container vessel able to carry 8000 and more
TEU.
Warehouse: A place in which goods or merchandise is stored.
Wharf: The place at which ships tie up to unload and load cargo. The wharf
typically has front and rear loading docks (aprons), a transit shed, open
(unshedded) storage areas, truck bays, and rail tracks.

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CLIP Training Academy Port & Harbour

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