Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Euro Weekly
Economics
Euro area: Europe slowly leaving the demons behind
3
Cyclical indicators show euro area growth strengthening while retail sales growth and a
reversal in the deterioration of the labour market to some upside risk on consumption.
UK: Politics start to drive economic policy
5
The centrality of the economy to the political discourse was underscored by several
new policy announcements designed to cement the governments standing.
Rates Strategy
Euro Area: EUR long end and UFR committee proposal
20
We think the proposed UFR committee changes might help to make the EUR 10s/30s
curve slightly more resilient to a US-led potential flattening of the 10s/30s developed
market curves. However, we would not chase the 10s/30s steepening, even if carry is
still attractive.
Money Markets: Liquidity evolution under the ECBs attention
23
Over the past month, euro short rates have declined, reflecting dovish Fed comments
and the ECBs suggestion of the possibility of another LTRO. We expect the 1y1y Eonia
forward to keep trading at 35-45bp.
Sovereign Spreads: Q4 and 2014-15 Supply Outlook
26
We forecast gross supply for the remainder of 2013 at c.168bn, resulting in total net
issuance of just under 48bn. We look for 2014 gross bond issuance in the euro area to
show a decrease of about 5bn, with total gross issuance forecast at 872bn.
UK: Post-supply flattening bias in long gilts
30
Some concession seems likely into upcoming ultra-long supply. However, the relatively
light supply schedule and improving funding position of defined benefit schemes
suggests that the long end can richen, and the curve flatten into year-end.
Covered Bonds and SSA: Short-term supply and Spain relative value update
33
In this weeks AAA Investor, we provide an update on supply conditions in the covered
bond and SSA markets. We also look at relative value opportunities in Spain between
covered bonds and senior unsecured debt.
Scandinavia: Sweden: Ready for a change of pace?
34
With the cyclical outlook improving, we still see value in holding SEK/EUR
1y1y/1y2yfwd steepeners. We also recommend entering 3m Sep 14/Sep 15
steepeners and hold on to our 10y SGB ASW wideners.
UK Inflation-Linked: Priced to go
36
The IL19 is cheap into its forthcoming auction, and offers structural value but concerns
about the depth of structural 5y linker demand may constrain any outperformance.
Volatility: Long GBP 3m*5y
37
We recommend buying GBP 3m*5y low-strike receivers, delta-hedged and initiating 1m
vs. 3m*5y calendar spread as current implied vol levels on 5y tails are low enough to
benefit from volatility due to the data-dependent guidance introduced by the MPC.
PLEASE SEE ANALYST CERTIFICATIONS AND IMPORTANT DISCLOSURES STARTING AFTER PAGE 37
Economics
Philippe Gudin
+33 (0)1 4458 3264
philippe.gudin@barclays.com
Rates Strategy
Laurent Fransolet
+44 (0)20 7773 8385
laurent.fransolet@barclays.com
17
19
41
42
INSTITUTIONAL INVESTOR
ALL-EUROPE FIXED INCOME RESEARCH
SURVEY 2014
Voting has begun for the Institutional
Investor All-Europe Fixed Income
Research Team Survey 2014. Barclays
Research would welcome your support.
To request a ballot, please go to
the Institutional Investor's Rankings
Assistance Page.
2013
2014
% change q/q
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3E
Q4E
Q1E
Q2E
Q3E
Real GDP
-0.1
-0.3
-0.1
-0.5
-0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
...
...
...
...
-0.4
-1.1
-0.4
-1.9
-0.6
1.2
0.7
1.1
1.2
1.6
1.6
1.5
...
...
...
...
-0.2
-0.5
-0.7
-1.0
-1.0
-0.5
-0.2
0.6
1.1
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.6
-0.6
-0.3
1.3
Private consumption
-0.4
-0.6
-0.1
-0.5
-0.2
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
-1.4
-0.6
0.5
Public consumption
-0.3
-0.3
-0.2
0.1
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
-0.1
-0.6
0.2
0.6
Investment
-1.1
-1.9
-0.4
-1.2
-2.2
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.7
0.8
0.7
1.7
-3.7
-3.5
1.8
- Residential construction
-0.5
-1.6
-0.2
-1.5
-1.6
0.7
-0.2
-0.1
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.2
-3.3
-2.8
0.5
- Non-residential construction
-2.2
-2.0
-0.4
-1.3
-2.9
-0.5
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.5
-0.5
-4.9
-4.8
1.0
- Non-construction investment
-0.8
-2.0
-0.5
-1.0
-2.2
0.4
0.3
0.7
0.8
1.0
1.1
0.9
4.0
-3.2
-3.1
3.2
0.0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.2
0.4
-0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
-0.5
0.1
0.0
-0.5
-0.8
-0.2
-0.5
-0.5
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.5
-1.7
-1.0
0.8
0.4
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.9
1.6
0.5
0.4
-0.7
0.2
-2.0
0.2
0.6
-0.1
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.5
3.2
-2.3
-0.9
1.2
Employment (q/q)
-0.2
-0.1
-0.1
-0.3
-0.4
-0.2
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
-0.7
-1.0
0.3
Unemployment rate %
10.9
11.3
11.5
11.8
12.0
12.1
12.0
12.1
12.2
12.2
12.2
12.1
10.2
11.4
12.0
12.2
2.7
2.5
2.5
2.3
1.9
1.4
1.3
1.1
1.0
1.3
1.1
1.2
2.7
2.5
1.4
1.2
1.0
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.1
1.0
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.0
0.9
1.4
1.5
1.1
0.9
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
0.1
1.3
2.6
2.8
-4.2
-3.7
-2.9
-2.3
1.00
1.00
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.50
Note: All numbers expressed in % q/q unless otherwise specified. Source: Barclays Research
SUMMARY OF VIEWS
Direction
Negotiations in the US on the debt ceiling/government shutdown should set the tone for markets in Europe. On the supply side,
the focus will be on Italian supply next week, although Italian politics are unlikely to attract the same level of attention going
forward (despite the Italian Senate committees decision to expel Berlusconi) following PM Lettas successful confidence vote.
UK: Short rates remain under pressure as the term premium is rising and data have continued to surprise to the upside.
Curve/
curvature
Swap
spreads
Other
spread
sectors
SEK: Keep SEK 1y1y/1y2yfwd steepeners versus EUR and SEK 10y ASW wideners. Hold Spain 5s/10s/30s.
Long 5-8y Netherlands and Finland versus France.
Long 8-9y Belgium versus France.
Inflation
Euro: Steepness of real yield curve and lack of supply susceptible to support in the very long end.
UK: IL19 offers structural value, but depth of demand for the sector is unclear.
Volatility
Buy EUR 6m (5-30y) curve floors contingent on 5y swap rate below a certain level to hedge an unexpected risk-flare in the
Eurozone.
Buy EUR 6y*5y vs. 1y*(5y5y) to position for a steepening of the vol surface
Source: Barclays Research
4 October 2013
Fabrice Montagne
reversal in the deterioration of the labour market to some upside risk on consumption.
Political impasse in Italy was resolved as PDL dissenters support the government.
Short-term risks have somewhat abated but Italys political future is still unclear.
This weeks data releases pave the way for better days ahead
Stronger PMIs slightly above
the 50 point mark supports our
gradual recovery scenario
September final PMIs came in higher for the sixth consecutive month, this time rising by 0.7
points to 52.2, owing mainly to a robust catch up by the service sector, reaching levels not
seen in more than two years (June 2011). Overall, this months rise was once again driven by
stronger forward-looking and employment components. On a country level, France is
catching up while Italy surged on services increasing by nearly 4 points. Spain, Ireland and, to
a lesser extent, Germany consolidated. Our PMI-based GDP indicator for the euro area is now
in line with our forecast of 0.2% q/q GDP growth. For countries, GDP indicators are in line
with our Q3 forecast in Germany (+0.4% q/q), slightly more pessimistic in France (-0.1% vs.
0.0%) and slightly more optimistic in Italy (0.1% vs. 0.0%) and Spain (+0.3% vs. 0.1%). That
said, over the recent quarter, PMIs have been downwards biased in France and upwards
biased in Spain, hence we see this weeks release as further support of our expectations.
Looking ahead, we do not expect surveys to improve much further as their current levels are
already consistent with GDP accelerating very gradually in the coming quarters.
August retail sales in the euro area came in on the stronger side, posting a +0.7% m/m
increase in addition to being revised up from +0.1% to +0.5% in July. With a +0.7% q/q carry
over for Q3, retail sales now point to some upside risks to our forecast of flat consumption
in the third quarter. While we do not see private consumption a main driver of activity
neither this year nor next we acknowledge that rising consumption supported strongerthan-expected growth in Q2 and might surprise again on the upside. In particular, labour
markets have now turned the corner and any stronger-than-anticipated improvement in
FIGURE 1
PMI employment component edging up across the euro area
FIGURE 2
Excess job shedding relative to GDP seems to be over
2.5%
60
-900
2.0%
-600
1.5%
55
50
1.0%
-300
0.5%
0.0%
300
-0.5%
45
600
-1.5%
40
Euro Area
Germany
Spain
35
07
08
09
10
4 October 2013
11
12
-2.0%
France
Italy
-2.5%
Forecast
-1.0%
-3.0%
13
14
900
1200
1500
96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15
Source: Eurostat, Haver analytics, Barclays Research
ECB president Mario Draghi repeated the previous Governing Council message that it was
seeking to keep all options open. His economic assessment showed downwards risks on
growth while the picture for inflation was seen are balanced. We continue to envisage
another very long-term refinancing operation (VLTRO) before year end if the liquidity
surplus continues to shrink in the coming months and pushes Eonia higher. An interest rate
cut remains unlikely in our view, unless economic activity takes a step back and the forward
guidance is likely to remain unchanged in the coming months with the next step being to
remove the downward bias should the economic situation further improve. Concerning the
upcoming Asset Quality Review (AQR), Mr Draghi repeated that details will be released in
the second half of October. In his own words, to be credible, the AQR will need to be
rigorous and transparent.
When Mr Berlusconi announced his party would withdrew support for the government,
fears that political instability would bring the country a few month back to when President
Napolitano struggled to form a government. Under the pressure of his own party dissenters,
Mr Berlusconi eventually backed down and PM Letta passed confidence vote in Parliament
on Wednesday. This epic showdown gives a temporary conclusion to months of political
mayhem during which Investors have been favouring low key Spain to facetious Italy. Since
1st of August the 10 year yield spread between Italy and Spain has widened 40bp to the
point that Spanish 10 year rates fell below Italian beginning of September.
Looking ahead, it is unclear whether Mr Berlusconis PDL party will remain as one or whether
Mr Alfano will lead the dissenters to split and create a new political formation. The support of
the dissenters for the current government should nonetheless lower the risk of political
upheaval in the short term. But whatever the arithmetic, any governing majority will remain
fragile until the electoral law is changed. Hence, we continue to think that snap elections will
be held in Q1/(early) Q2 next year but a plausible alternative scenario would be that this
government holds on until mid 2015 conditional to further PDL dissenters or 5SM support.
Italy: an epic week ends on a reassuring note for short-term political stability
FIGURE 3
ECB: Monetary policy expectation cooling down (1Y1Y fwd)
0.90
0.80
4.7
euro area
(%)
IT
4.6
US
0.70
FIGURE 4
Italy paying the price for political instability (10Y bond yield)
SP
4.5
UK
0.60
4.4
0.50
0.40
4.3
0.30
4.2
0.20
Jan
Feb Mar
4 October 2013
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
26 Sep
19 Sep
12 Sep
05 Sep
29 Aug
22 Aug
15 Aug
0.00
08 Aug
01 Aug
4.1
0.10
Oct
UK OUTLOOK
Simon Hayes
+44 (0)20 7773 4637
simon.hayes@barclays.com
The government has brought forward the second leg of its Help to Buy scheme, a
measure that is likely to add to house price pressures.
The Chancellor also announced plans for a new fiscal rule and his intention to hold
fuel duty fixed for the rest of the parliament.
The government this week
made several new policy
announcements to counter
opposition gains on
economic policy
Ever since the global financial crisis, the economy has been central to the political discourse
in the UK, and remains so. The opposition Labour Party saw a sharp increase in its lead in
the polls last week following the announcement that it would freeze domestic energy prices.
Pollsters have warned that such bounces often prove fleeting, however, and the
Conservatives still hope that their greater poll standing on economic competence will secure
them an outright majority in the May 2015 election.
Despite the fact that the general election is still more than 18 months away, the parties have
begun positioning themselves for that battle, with several eye-catching measures
announced at the recent party conferences. In particular, the government has brought
forward the second leg of its Help to Buy housing support scheme, announced its intention
to introduce a new fiscal rule and said it hopes to hold fuel duty unchanged for the
remainder of the parliament.
To recapitulate, the governments Help to Buy scheme has two parts (which we label HtB1
and HtB2). HtB1 is already in operation, and provides a low-cost equity loan to first-time
buyers for the purchase of newly-built properties. HtB1 has been generally lauded for
encouraging more house building and revitalising interest from first-time buyers, and there
is plenty of anecdotal evidence to support this assessment.
HtB2, by contrast, has been criticised by many commentators, sometimes in colourful and
withering terms. The scheme, which is now to come into operation next week, three
months ahead of the original schedule, aims to increase the provision of mortgages with a
loan to value (LTV) ratio above 80% by providing insurance for the lender against a first-
FIGURE 1
Houses remain expensive relative to household income
Ratio
FIGURE 2
The PMIs suggest upside risks to our Q3 GDP growth estimate
6.5
% q/q
1.5
6.0
1.0
5.5
Barclays Q3 13
forecast
0.5
5.0
0.0
4.5
4.0
-0.5
3.5
3.0
-1.0
2.5
-1.5
2.0
69 72 75 78 81 84 87 90 93 96 99 02 05 08 11
Ratio of house prices to household income
Source: Haver Analytics, Barclays Research
4 October 2013
-2.0
-2.5
In our view, the threat to financial stability from HtB2 is likely to be small. It will require
borrowers to put down a deposit of at least 5% of the value of the property (ie the LTV is
capped at 95%), an amount that was considered normal for many years prior to the
financial crisis. Moreover, the government has asked the Bank of Englands Financial Policy
Committee to assess the scheme annually. However, HtB2 is likely to add to price pressures
in the housing market, and with house prices already stretched relative to household
incomes (Figure 1) it is not clear what economic benefit is likely to flow from this.
The government currently operates under a single fiscal mandate, which is to have the
cyclically-adjusted current budget in surplus at a rolling five-year horizon. The fact that the
horizon rolls has prompted criticism that the target imposes inadequate discipline. This
week, Chancellor Osborne announced that he plans to introduce a new fiscal mandate
committing the government to running a budget surplus by 2020. He indicated that this
would be achieved by continuing to squeeze welfare and other public spending, potentially
paving the way for tax cuts towards the end of what would be a decade-long austerity drive.
The Chancellor also said he plans to freeze fuel duty for the remainder of this parliament, so
long as he can find the necessary savings to pay for it within the existing spending envelope.
This move is designed to counter the Labour Partys accusation that the improvement in the
economy is not being reflected in households living standards. The measure is not large,
however, knocking only about 0.05pp off annual CPI inflation.
The ongoing improvement in the economy was evident in the September PMIs, released
this week. Although all three of them services, manufacturing and construction declined
on the month, the implied pace of expansion remained high. Our composite PMI implies
GDP growth of about 0.9% q/q in Q3, above our official estimate of 0.7% growth (Figure 2).
4 October 2013
With economic management apparently top of the agenda for the 2015 election we have
probably entered a period in which there is an increased likelihood of snap policy
announcements, driven more by political expediency than by longer-term economic
considerations. The oversight of the Office for Budget Responsibility should provide some
assurance that new measures will be properly costed and that their effect on the public
finances are accurately assessed. However, with the austerity debate now extending into
the next parliament, the fiscal discipline running up to the election may be somewhat
flexible, so that public finance consolidation poses less of a headwind to demand than has
previously been the case.
Europe
We expect Aug. French IP to have increased by 0.5% m/m (Thu.; consensus: 0.6%; last:0.6%). We forecast Aug. Italian IP to have risen by 0.5% m/m (Thu.; consensus: 0.7%; last:
-1.1%). In Germany, we project Aug. IP to have bounced back, recording a growth of 2.0%
m/m (Wed.; consensus: 1.0%; last: -1.7%).We and the consensus look for the preliminary
estimates of Sep. HICP for Germany (Fri.; last: 1.6% y/y), Spain (last: 0.5% y/y) and Italy
(last: 0.9% y/y) to be confirmed in the final releases. We and the consensus estimate
German Aug. factory orders to have inched upward by 1.0% m/m as foreshadowed by
strong VDMA machinery orders (Tue.; last: -2.7%).
In the UK, we expect the BOE to maintain its policy rate at 0.50% and asset purchases at
375bn (Thu.). We forecast Aug. IP to have risen by 0.1% m/m (Wed.; consensus: 0.4%;
last: 0.0%) and manufacturing output to have increased by 0.2% m/m (consensus: 0.4%;
last: 0.2%). We expect Aug. trade deficit to have narrowed to 9.0bn (Wed.; consensus: 8.8bn; last: -9.9bn).
Asia
In Japan, we look for Aug. core machinery orders to have increased by 4.2% m/m (Thu.;
consensus: 2.5%; last: 0.0%). Q2 capex rose 1.2% q/q, the first gain in six quarters,
according to the second preliminary GDP release. We and the consensus expect Chinese
Sep. exports to have increased by 5.0% y/y (next Sat.; last: 7.2%). We project Chinese
imports to have grown by 6.3% y/y (consensus/last: 7.0%). We forecast Sep. new CNY
loans disbursed to have fallen to CNY675.0bn (Thu.; consensus: CNY658.6bn; last:
CNY711.3bn). We look for Aug. Indian IP growth to have declined to 2.0% y/y (Fri.; last:
2.6%). We expect Bank Indonesia to hike the FASBI rate 25bp but to keep the BI rate
unchanged (Tue.; consensus/last: 7.25%).
4 October 2013
Sep
Period
Sep
Period
Prev -3
Prev -2
Prev -1
0.23
0.04
0.08
Prev -3
Prev -2
Prev -1
39.5
44.1
43.7
Prev -3
Prev -2
Prev -1
Tuesday 08 October
16:25
16:30
00:30
00:30
00:30
00:30
05:45
06:00
06:30
06:45
06:45
07:00
07:15
07:15
10:00
11:00
11:00
12:15
12:30
12:30
Period
Period
Prev -3
82.9
-0.4
-0.79
55.7
3.6
0.1 (5.7)
261.9
134.8
5.3
20.7
10.4
32
3.6
40
333.7
Forecast Consensus
-
0.18
Forecast Consensus
-
Forecast Consensus
-0.2
-0.3
-1.5
4.1
14.0
40
443.9
-0.4
0.10
-1.2
-0.1
3.8
12.0
42
643.6
KRW 1850/700 bn
MYR 1.0/1.0/0.5 bn
1-2;1-2 bn
3.6-4.0;1.4-1.8;1.2-1.6 bn
Prev -2
Prev -1
7.25
Forecast Consensus
7.25
7.25
3.8
51.2
5.7
-6.3
-2.0
3.2
16.1
96.5
-5.1
-80.8
-1.4
-0.1 (0.0)
0.8
-2.7 (2.0)
0.2
0.46
180.2
-0.9
-39.1
3.8
1.0 (4.1)
0.4
1.35
-40.0
3.8
52.0
3.2
15.0
-4.8
-0.3
0.2 (-0.1)
1.0
1.0 (4.0)
0.5
1.50
175.0
-0.7
-39.3
Note: All times reported in GMT. Some data or events are boxed to indicate their importance to financial markets. Market events are highlighted in light blue. Auction
sizes are all Barclays estimates
4 October 2013
Wednesday 09 October
14:00
17:45
18:00
22:00
07:00
08:30
08:30
08:30
09:00
10:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
21:00
21:30
23:50
23:50
23:50
09:30
17:00
Sep
Sep
Sep
Oct
Period
Prev -3
Prev -2
Prev -1
1.3
7.6
-0.2
0.0
0.4
8.1
-0.5
3.5
0.4
8.5
-0.5
4.7
Prev -3
Prev -2
Prev -1
Forecast Consensus
-
Prev -3
Prev -2
Prev -1
0.4
200 bn
2.5 bn
1 bn
1 bn
1.75 bn
$ 30 bn
Forecast Consensus
Thursday 10 October
01:00
08:00
11:00
11:00
13:45
16:20
17:45
18:30
19:00
23:00
00:00
00:30
00:30
Period
9.50
1.2
0.4 (-0.7)
0.4 (1.0)
-8.8
1.0 (-1.4)
0.33
0.46
0.3
0.4
2.5
4 bn
$ 21 bn
Forecast Consensus
2.50
0.50
375
3520.0
658.6
14.0
15.0
5.8
Note: All times reported in GMT. Some data or events are boxed to indicate their importance to financial markets. Market events are highlighted in light blue. Auction
sizes are all Barclays estimates
4 October 2013
Friday 11 October
15:00
06:00
06:00
06:00
07:00
07:00
08:00
08:00
12:00
12:30
12:30
12:30
12:30
12:30
12:30
12:30
12:30
13:55
14:00
09:00
09:00
Period
Sep
Aug
Aug
Aug
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Aug
Sep
Aug
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Aug
04-Oct
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Sep
Period
Prev -3
Prev -2
Prev -1
65.3
65.1
65.0
-0.8
4.1
2.3
3.3
3.7
7.6
-0.4 (0.8) -1.4 (-0.1) -0.6 (-1.8)
5.4
4.4
3.7
-0.1 (0.9) -0.3 (0.6)
0.1 (0.4)
-0.2 (-0.1) -0.1 (0.1)
0.1 (0.1)
-0.1 (0.9) -0.1 (1.2)
0.1 (1.2)
313.99
313.55
313.84
3.3 (-5.3) 0.7 (-3.7) 0.7 (-3.7)
-0.5 (3.2)
0.4 (3.1) -0.2 (2.8)
0.1 (-4.4) 0.2 (-2.7) -1.1 (-4.3)
-0.4 (2.1)
0.4 (3.0) -0.1 (3.2)
-0.3 (1.4)
0.4 (1.8) -0.1 (2.5)
27.1
27.6
27.9
0.1 (1.2) -0.2 (0.8) -0.7 (0.2)
0.1 (0.7) -0.1 (0.7)
0.1 (0.0)
0.1 (1.8)
0.2 (1.8)
0.2 (1.9)
310 (315) 307 (309) 308 (305)
-0.4 (0.1)
0.1 (0.9) 0.0 (-0.4)
-0.3 (-0.2) -0.6 (-0.7) -0.2 (-1.0)
-34.6 ('10) -62.8 ('11) 75.2 ('12)
2.1
0.5
-0.5
3.8/3.0
3.7/3.0
3.7/3.0
1.2
2.3
2.4
Prev -3
Prev -2
Prev -1
E17: ECB Executive Board members Praet, Cur and Asmussen speaks at IIF in Washington, USA
US: Fed Governor Powell (FOMC voter) speaks in Washington
Serbia: HICP, % y/y
Sep
9.8
8.6
7.3
Costa Rica: Econ. activity index, % y/y
Aug
2.2
2.7
3.0
Germany: Final HICP, % m/m (y/y)
Sep
0.4 (1.9)
0.0 (1.6) 0.0 (1.6) P
Germany: Final CPI, % m/m (y/y)
Sep
0.5 (1.9)
0.0 (1.5) 0.0 (1.4) P
Sweden: Unemployment rate (PES), %
Sep
4.4
4.7
4.8
Hungary: CPI, % y/y
Sep
1.9
1.8
1.3
Spain: Final HICP, % y/y
Sep
-1.1 (1.9)
0.2 (1.6) (0.5) P
Italy: Final HICP, % m/m (y/y)
Sep
-1.8 (1.2)
0.0 (1.2) 1.8 (0.9) P
Italy: Final CPI, % m/m (y/y)
Sep
0.1 (1.2)
0.4 (1.2) -0.3 (0.9) P
India: Industrial production, % y/y
Aug
-2.8
-1.8
2.6
Canada: Unemployment rate, %
Sep
7.1
7.2
7.1
Canada: Net change in employment, k
Sep
-0.4
-39.4
59.2
Canada: Participation Rate, %
Sep
66.7
66.5
66.6
US: PPI, % m/m (y/y)
Sep
0.8 (2.5)
0.0 (2.1)
0.3 (1.4)
US: Core PPI, % m/m (y/y)
Sep
0.2 (1.7)
0.1 (1.2)
0.0 (1.1)
US: Retail sales, % m/m
Sep
0.7
0.4
0.2
US: Retail sales ex autos, % m/m
Sep
0.2
0.6
0.1
US: Core retail sales, % m/m
Sep
0.2
0.5
0.2
US: Michigan consumer sentiment-p index
Oct
85.1
82.1
77.5
US: Business inventories, % m/m
Aug
-0.1
0.1
0.4
Italy: BTP Auctions
Italy: CCT Auction
Forecast Consensus
14.0
5.7
0.5 (-2.9)
2.0
0.6 (0.3)
0.6 (1.1)
315.24
0.2 (2.5)
0.5
0.9 (3.2)
0.9 (2.2)
0.2 (0.0)
0.0 (0.1)
310 (309)
0.2
0.0
100.0
3.7/3.0
2.1
65.0
18.1
5.9
0.6 (-2.6)
2.2
0.3 (0.4)
0.5 (0.2)
0.6 (1.1)
315.16
0.6 (-4.1)
0.4 (2.7)
0.7 (-4.3)
0.9 (3.1)
0.9 (2.2)
307
0.3
60.0
3.7/3.0
2.3
700 bn
8 bn
$ 13 bn
Forecast Consensus
5.7
0.0 (1.6)
0.0 (1.4)
1.2
0.8 (0.5)
1.8 (0.9)
-0.3 (0.9)
2.0
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
72.0
0.2
0.0 (1.6)
0.0 (1.4)
4.7
1.3
0.5 (0.5)
1.8 (0.9)
-0.3 (0.9)
7.1
15.0
0.2 (0.6)
0.1 (1.3)
0.2
0.4
0.5
77.0
0.3
5 bn
1.5 bn
Note: All times reported in GMT. Some data or events are boxed to indicate their importance to financial markets. Market events are highlighted in light blue. Auction
sizes are all Barclays estimates
4 October 2013
10
Sunday 13 October
21:45 New Zealand: PSI, index
Monday 14 October
13:00
00:30
00:30
01:30
01:30
06:00
06:30
09:00
12:00
02:30
09:00
12:50
Sep
Sep
Period
Sep
Period
Tuesday 15 October
00:30
07:00
13:00
00:30
06:45
06:45
06:45
08:30
08:30
08:30
08:30
08:30
08:30
08:30
09:00
09:00
12:00
12:30
13:00
13:00
15:30
19:00
21:45
23:30
08:30
09:00
09:30
Period
Period
Prev -3
Prev -2
Prev -1
-3.1
-0.8
5.1
10.9
7.2
7.0
Prev -3
Prev -2
Prev -1
55.1
58.2
53.2
Prev -3
Prev -2
Prev -1
Forecast Consensus
-0.5
2.1
2.6
2.4
-0.5
2.9
2.7
2.6
-2.3
-1.6
0.0 (2.5) -0.1 (2.0)
5.79
6.10
0.6 (-0.4) -1.5 (-2.1)
9.64
9.52
2.8
-1.4
0.6 (2.0)
- 0.5 (-2.2)
KRW 1850 bn
3 bn
7 bn
0.0
1.6
1.1
2.7
-2.7
-0.1 (2.3)
5.16
-0.4 (-1.9)
9.87
Prev -3
Prev -2
Prev -1
4.5
0.8 (0.2)
0.5 (1.0)
0.5 (0.9)
125.90
0.4 (2.7)
0.5 (3.3)
0.5 (3.3)
-0.2 (2.8)
0.1 (1.6)
0.0 (1.0)
2072.9
58.6
49.6
1.1
6.3
2.8
159.1
1.3
0.8
0.2
0.6
Forecast Consensus
5.0
6.3
5.0
7.0
Forecast Consensus
-
Forecast Consensus
-0.3 (1.0)
-0.3 (0.8)
125.54
0.8
-
48.0
4 bn
1.25 bn
4 bn
Note: All times reported in GMT. Some data or events are boxed to indicate their importance to financial markets. Market events are highlighted in light blue. Auction
sizes are all Barclays estimates
4 October 2013
11
Prev -3
Prev -2
Prev -1
2.50
2.50
5.0
-0.1 (1.6)
-0.6 (2.0)
7.8
-36.3
2.2
1.1
0.1 (1.3)
0.2 (1.1)
116.39
13.5
0.15
2.4
1.4
0.2 (2.0)
0.2 (1.7)
233.596
-67.0
58
4.0
-5.0
-0.2 (1.4)
0.2 (1.8)
7.7
-32.6
1.1
1.0
... (1.1) P
... (1.0) P
116.53
11.1
1.05
3.4
1.4
0.1 (1.5)
0.1 (1.8)
233.877
31.1
58
-1.4
0.3 (1.4)
0.7 (1.6)
0.5 (1.1)
0.7 (1.0)
117.09
-
Prev -2
Prev -1
11.00
5.00
-3.4
-1
-6.2
7.3 (8.0)
16.9
-0.9 (2.1)
-1.0 (2.3)
0.3 (-1.2)
...
891
926
0.4
77.8
22.3
5.00
3.5 bn
8.5 bn
1.5 bn
Thursday 17 October
11:45
16:45
16:45
18:45
21:00
00:00
00:30
00:30
00:30
07:30
08:00
08:30
08:30
09:00
12:30
12:30
12:30
13:15
13:15
14:00
08:30
08:50
09:50
Period
Period
Prev -3
Forecast Consensus
-
0.3 (1.1)
2600 bn
1.25-1.5 bn
5 bn
Forecast Consensus
Note: All times reported in GMT. Some data or events are boxed to indicate their importance to financial markets. Market events are highlighted in light blue. Auction
sizes are all Barclays estimates
4 October 2013
12
Period
Prev -3
Prev -2
Prev -1
Australia: RBA Head of Financial Stability Ellis speaks on capital market dysfunctionality in Sydney
Australia: RBA Gov. Stevens speaks on The UK and Australia: Shared history, shared outlook in Sydney
US: Chicago Fed President Evans (FOMC voter) speaks in Illinois
China: GDP, % y/y
Q3
7.9
7.7
7.5
China: Industrial production, % y/y
Sep
8.9
9.7
10.4
China: Fixed asset investments, YTD % y/y
Sep
20.1
20.1
20.3
China: Retail sales, % y/y
Sep
13.3
13.2
13.4
-33.0
Netherlands: Consumer confidence index
Oct
-38.0
-33.0
Brazil: IPCA-15 inflation, % m/m
Canada: CPI, % m/m (y/y)
Canada: Core CPI, % m/m (y/y)
Canada: CPI, NSA index
Belgium: Consumer confidence index
US: Leading indicators index, % m/m
Argentina: Economic activity index, % y/y
Japan: Liquidity Enhancement Auction
Oct
Sep
Sep
Sep
Oct
Sep
Aug
0.07
0.2 (1.2)
0.2 (1.3)
123.0
-16.0
0.0
9.3
0.16
0.1 (1.3)
0.1 (1.4)
123.1
-12.0
0.5
6.9
0.27
0.1 (1.1)
0.0 (1.3)
123.1
-7.0
0.7
5.1
Forecast Consensus
7.7
10.3
20.3
13.4
300 bn
Note: All times reported in GMT. Some data or events are boxed to indicate their importance to financial markets. Market events are highlighted in light blue. Auction
sizes are all Barclays estimates
4 October 2013
13
Jul-14
Aug-14 Sep-14
18
4
4
29
22
19
5
30
16
18
4
30
16
17
3
5
12
19
4-5
18
17
12
5
9
16
22
8-9
22
20
-
6
13
19
5-6
12
19
13
-
6
13
19
5-6
19
-
3
10
16
9-10
23
9
-
8
15
21
7-8
14
21
-
5
12
17
4-5
18
19
-
3
10
17
9-10
23
3
-
7
14
6-7
13
20
-
4
11
17
3-4
17
18
-
19-20
26
3
12
21-22
27
30
17-18
21
4
-
10
14
4
13
7-8,30
11
1
24
20-21
7,26
6
-
12-13
18
3
12
1
-
5
-
2
11
19-20
10
15-16
-
22-23
-
14-15
-
11-13
-
04-05
15*
-
Mar
Mar
-
Apr
9
Q2
-
25
25
22-25
May
#
May
-
15*
Jun
Jun
Jul
-
14
-
4 October 2013
14
Country
Event
October, 2013
Oct
Japan
Oct
Estonia
Local elections
07-Oct
07-08 Oct
Japan
09-10 Oct
UK
10-11 Oct
G20
10-13 Oct
Global
11-Oct
Italy
11-Oct
Italy
14-Oct
Euro area
15-Oct
EU
15-Oct
Ireland
Mid Oct
Euro area
Mid Oct
EU
Mid Oct
Italy
Mid Oct
US
We expect the debt ceiling to be increased, but this event has been
used in the past as leverage to enact further deficit reduction
Mid Oct
Japan
16-Oct
US
17-Oct
Spain
19-Oct
Italy
20-Oct
24-25 Oct
EU
EU Summit (Brussels)
28-Oct
Italy
28-Oct
Belgium
30-Oct
US
FOMC meeting
31-Oct
Japan
EU
End Oct
November, 2013
05-Nov
EU
06-07 Nov UK
07-Nov
Euro area
11-Nov
Euro area
12-Nov
EU
4 October 2013
15
Country
Event
13-Nov
UK
Mid Nov
EU
December, 2013
04-Dec
US
04-05 Dec UK
05-Dec
Euro area
09-Dec
Euro area
10-Dec
EU
US
19-20 Dec EU
EU Summit (Brussels)
End Dec
Japan
4 October 2013
16
Period
Previous
Barclays
Actual
Sep
1.3
1.1
1.1
Comments
Sep
51.1 P
51.1
51.1
Aug
12.1 R
12.2
Aug
12.0 R
12.1
12.0
Oct
0.50
0.50
0.50
Sep
52.1 P
52.1
52.2
Aug
0.5 (-0.7) R
Period
Prev - 3
Prev - 2
09:30
E17: ECB Executive Board member Asmussen speaks on "Markets in Transition" in Germany
11:15
E17: ECB Executive Board member Praet speaks on Japanese economy in Brussels
08:00
Tuesday 08 October
Prev - 1
Forecast
Consensus
Aug
-1.7 (2.8)
2.9 (6.1)
0.1 (5.7)
-0.1
Period
Prev - 3
Prev - 2
Prev - 1
Forecast
Consensus
05:45
Sep
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
06:00
Aug
13.6
17.0
16.1
15.0
06:30
Sep
96.4
94.9
96.5
06:45
Aug
-5.8
-4.5
-5.1
-4.8
06:45
Aug
-72.6
-59.3
-80.8
07:00
Aug
-1.5
-2.2
-1.4
-0.3
07:15
Sep
0.1 (-0.1)
-0.4 (0.0)
-0.1 (0.0)
0.2 (-0.1)
07:15
Aug
1.5
2.3
0.8
1.0
10:00
Aug
-0.5 (-1.8)
5.0 (5.6)
-2.7 (2.0)
1.0(4.1)
1.0 (4.0)
Germany Factory orders: We expect industrial orders to move further along their upward trend, as foreshadowed by strong
VDMA machinery orders for August.
Wednesday 09 October
17:45
Period
Prev - 3
Prev - 2
Prev - 1
Forecast
Consensus
E17: ECB Executive Board members Cur speaks on "Economic Consequences of Low Interest Rates" in Geneva
22:00
E17: ECB President Draghi speaks at Harvard Kennedy School in Cambridge, USA
09:00
Sep
-0.3
-0.5
-1.0
2.6 (-0.9)
10:00
Aug
-1.2 (-1.2)
2.0 (0.1)
-1.7 (-2.2)
2.0 (-0.4)
1.0 (-1.4)
Germany Industrial production: We expect industrial production to bounce back after the July drop, displaying high volatility
during the holiday season.
Thursday 10 October
Period
Prev - 3
08:00
16:20
E17: ECB President Draghi speaks at Economic Club of New York, USA
Prev - 2
Prev - 1
Forecast
Consensus
Oct
19:00
06:45
Aug
-0.4 (0.8)
-1.4 (-0.1)
-0.6 (-1.8)
0.5
07:00
Sep
-0.1 (0.9)
-0.3 (0.6)
0.1 (0.4)
0.3 (0.4)
07:30
Sep
-0.2 (-0.1)
-0.1 (0.1)
0.1 (0.1)
0.6 (0.3)
0.5 (0.2)
4 October 2013
0.6 (-2.6)
17
Prev - 3
Prev - 2
Prev - 1
Forecast
Consensus
07:30
Sep
-0.1 (0.9)
-0.1 (1.2)
0.1 (1.2)
0.6 (1.1)
0.6 (1.1)
07:30
Sep
313.99
313.55
313.84
315.24
315.16
07:30
Aug
3.3 (-5.3)
0.7 (-3.7)
0.7 (-3.7)
0.6 (-4.1)
07:30
Sep
-0.5 (3.2)
0.4 (3.1)
-0.2 (2.8)
0.2 (2.5)
0.4 (2.7)
08:00
Aug
0.1 (-4.4)
0.2 (-2.7)
-1.1 (-4.3)
0.5
0.7 (-4.3)
08:00
Sep
-0.4 (2.1)
0.4 (3.0)
-0.1 (3.2)
0.9 (3.2)
0.9 (3.1)
08:00
Sep
-0.3 (1.4)
0.4 (1.8)
-0.1 (2.5)
0.9 (2.2)
0.9 (2.2)
09:00
Sep
27.1
27.6
27.9
10:00
Sep
0.1 (1.2)
-0.2 (0.8)
-0.7 (0.2)
0.2 (0.0)
10:00
Sep
0.1 (0.7)
-0.1 (0.7)
0.1 (0.0)
0.0 (0.1)
G20 G20 meeting: Various international meetings in Washington and the release of the IMF's latest forecasts. Policymakers are
likely to emphasise the need for resolution to the US Congressional fiscal stand-off.
France Industrial production: We expect August French IP to make up some of Julys fall by increasing by about 0.5% m/m
(-2.9% y/y) on stronger manufacturing and energy production. Carry over into Q3 would still be quite low at -1.4% q/q (after
+1.4% in Q2). This is consistent with an ongoing gradual improvement across the board, as well as in line with our forecast of flat
GDP in Q3 after +0.5% growth in Q2.
Sweden Inflation report: We expect both headline and the Riksbanks preferred inflation measure CPIF to increase 0.6% m/m
in September brining inflation to 0.3% y/y and 1.1% y/y, respectively. We expect these increases primarily to be driven by
seasonal price hikes on clothing and footwear. This is slightly higher than the Riksbanks latest estimate (CPI 0.23% y/y; CPIF
1.05% y/y).
Italy Industrial production: We expect Italian IP to have increased 0.5% m/m in August, after declining 1.1% m/m in July.
Consistent with our expectation that industrial output declined 0.6% q/q in the third quarter of the year, we continue to forecast
flat GDP growth in Q3.
Norway Inflation report: We expect both headline and core inflation to increase by 0.9% m/m, bringing the inflation rate to
3.4% and 2.2%, respectively. While we expect the recent spike in core-inflation to prove partly temporary, we still see some
upside risks to the Norges Bank' latest forecast (Q3 2.1%).
Friday 11 October
Period
Prev - 3
Prev - 2
Prev - 1
Forecast
Consensus
E17: ECB Executive Board members Praet, Cur and Asmussen speaks at IIF in Washington, DC
06:00
Sep
0.4 (1.9)
0.0 (1.6)
0.0 (1.6) P
0.0 (1.6)
0.0 (1.6)
06:00
Sep
0.5 (1.9)
0.0 (1.5)
0.0 (1.4) P
0.0 (1.4)
0.0 (1.4)
06:00
Sep
4.4
4.7
4.8
4.7
07:00
Sep
-1.1 (1.9)
0.2 (1.6)
(0.5) P
0.8 (0.5)
0.5 (0.5)
08:00
Sep
-1.8 (1.2)
0.0 (1.2)
1.8 (0.9) P
1.8 (0.9)
1.8 (0.9)
08:00
Sep
0.1 (1.2)
0.4 (1.2)
-0.3 (0.9) P
-0.3 (0.9)
-0.3 (0.9)
4 October 2013
18
Period Previous
Barclays
Actual
Consumer credit, bn
Aug
0.6
0.6
0.6
Mortgage lending, bn
Aug
0.8 R
1.0
1.0
Mortgage approvals, k
Aug
60.9 R
61.5
62.2
Aug
0.6
0.7
Sep
57.1 R
58.0
56.7
Construction PMI
Sep
59.1
60.0
58.9
Services PMI
Sep
60.5
61.0
60.3
0.3 R (5.4)
0.3 (6.2)
Comments
Both secured and unsecured lending increased as
expected while mortgage approvals rose to their
highest since Feb 2008, paving the way for a further
pick-up in mortgage lending.
Period
Prev - 3
Prev - 2
Prev -1
Forecast
Consensus
Period
Prev - 3
Prev - 2
Prev -1
Forecast
Consensus
Sep
2.9
3.9
3.6
Sep
22
37
40
40
42
Tuesday 08 October
RICS house prices: We expect the September RICS house price balance to remain unchanged at a seven-year high of 40, confirming the
recent pick-up observed in housing activity as indicated by other housing market data from the likes of Nationwide and Halifax.
Wednesday 09 October
Period
Prev - 3
Prev - 2
Prev -1
Forecast
Consensus
Sep
-0.2
-0.5
-0.5
Aug
0.0 (-2.3)
1.3 (1.4)
0.0 (-1.6)
0.1 (-1.0)
0.4 (-0.7)
Aug
-0.7 (-2.9)
2.0 (2.1)
0.2 (-0.7)
0.2 (0.8)
0.4 (1.0)
Aug
-8.8
-8.2
-9.9
-9.0
-8.8
Industrial production: We forecast the August manufacturing production to increase by 0.2% m/m, consistent with the recovery
seen in manufacturing PMI data recently. While mining and quarrying is expected to contract, the utilities component is likely to
post a healthy gain. Overall, we expect industrial production to increase marginally by 0.1% m/m.
Visible trade balance: We expect the August visible trade deficit to narrow slightly to 9.0bn, owing to a slight improvement in
trade with Non-EU countries. Nevertheless, the UK's external position remains weak.
Thursday 10 October
Period
Prev - 3
Prev - 2
Prev -1
Forecast
Consensus
Oct
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
Oct
375
375
375
375
375
BoE interest rate announcement: We expect the BoE's MPC to keep its policy on hold with Bank rate at 0.50% and asset
purchases at 375bn. The recent pick up in activity indicators is unlikely to motivate the MPC to change its course of action given
that inflation remains above target and the labour market situation continues to be fragile.
Friday 11 October
Period
Prev - 3
Prev - 2
Prev -1
Forecast
Consensus
4 October 2013
19
We think the proposed UFR committee changes might help to make the EUR 10s/30s curve
slightly more resilient to a US-led potential flattening of the 10s/30s developed market
curves. However, we would not chase the 10s/30s steepening, even if carry is still attractive.
This week Ultimate Forward Rate (UFR) committee, which was asked by The Dutch State
Secretary of Social Affairs to assess and recommend possible adjustments on the existing
UFR framework (DNB UFR), announced its recommendations after also taking into account
feedback from 18 domestic and international market participants. Our understanding of the
committees overall recommendations are summarised below.
1. The UFR level will move from a fixed number (4.2%) to a 10y moving average of the
1y20y forward rate, which was about 3.90% as at end of July.
2. The committee sees the start point of the UFR method, 20y, as a First Smoothing Point
(FSP) instead of a Last Liquid Point (LLP). This is mostly a definitional change.
3. In the existing DNB UFR, fixed UFR (4.20%) is reached at the 60y point. Under the new
committee UFR (CUFR), forward rates eventually converge towards the UFR level
(around 50y) but never actually reach it. Similarly to the modified version of the UFR
that was agreed in September last year (ie the existing DNB UFR), the calculation of 20y+
discount factors still include some form of market forwards in that part of the curve,
which was a shortcoming of the original version of the UFR in summer 2012
(see Opportunities in the EUR long end with a modified UFR framework).
4. The committee estimates that the funding ratio for an average Dutch pension fund rises by
1.1% and that contributions decline very slightly 1 compared with the existing methodology
as of July 31. Also, the relative changes in the funding ratio under CUFR vs DNB UFR do not
always have to be in the same direction; a lower or higher trending yield environment is likely
to make a difference. However, overall, the relative changes are unlikely to be big.
FIGURE 1
In 2012, the EUR long end steepened significantly owing to
regulatory change, before flattening from spring 2013
FIGURE 2
but the 2012 steepening was also global due to extremely
accommodative monetary policies
40
150
EUR 10s/30s
30
125
20
100
60
10
75
40
50
20
-10
-20
-20
-30
-40
-40
-60
-50
-80
Jan-07 Jan-08 Jan-09 Jan-10 Jan-11 Jan-12 Jan-13
-60
120
100
80
GBP 10s/30s
EUR 10s/30s
USD 10s/30s
25
0
-25
-50
-75
-100
Jan-07 Jan-08 Jan-09 Jan-10 Jan-11 Jan-12 Jan-13
Source: Barclays Research
Despite the fact that the UFR with the proposed changes is lower as of July 31, the funding ratio still improves. The
reason for this is largely that the exiting DNB UFR uses the average of the discount curve over the past three months
while CUFR uses the discount curve as of 31 July. And in the three months into end of July, rates sold off across the
board due to Fed tapering concerns.
4 October 2013
20
DNB reported in a press release on 1 October 3 that none of these proposed changes will be
implemented in the 2014 transition year and that it will maintain the existing DNB UFR
framework. Therefore, even if funds wanted to act and make hedging changes on the back
of the Committees proposals, they are not likely to be in a rush. Despite not having the
English version of the full release for now, our initial take is that overall these proposed
changes are unlikely to lead to any substantial moves in the long end of the EUR yield curve,
unlike last year, for the reasons we outline below.
1. Last year in spring, when the discounting framework changes from a market-based to a
UFR approach started to be seriously considered by regulators, it represented an important
change for the market: it was the first time any concrete proposals had emerged despite
several years of discussions around this issue. Also, since then, ahead of the final UFR
framework was agreed by DNB in September/October 2012, many pension funds that
wanted to recalibrate themselves with the UFR discounting shifted their hedges from the
40/50y area to 20y area already. Therefore, the lack of timing urgency of the proposed
changes, relatively minor differences vs the DNB UFR, and the fact that most funds that
wanted to shift their hedges along the curve are largely done by now, will prevent a big
resteepening of the ultra long end curve in our view. However, owing to small shifts of
delta risk profile from the ultra long end to 20y in relative terms, the 20s/50s curve could
still see some marginal steepening.
2. Alongside the regulatory changes, another factor that pushed the EUR long end curve
significantly steeper in 2012 was the aggressively accommodative monetary policy
globally (eg Fed started QE3 etc), which saw long-end curves steepen further in all
developed markets. Since May this year, the Fed has been preparing to unwind these
policies, as a result of which the 10s/30s curves have re-flattened globally during the
summer before partially reversing this move since September. While the ECB still
remains dovish, it is generally reluctant to introduce new accommodative policies given
the recent improvement in economic data. More importantly, even if the ECB introduces
more accommodative measures, such as a refi rate cut, or even another LTRO, unless
the direction of US monetary policy changes from gradually-less-accommodation going
forward, we would expect the 10y+ parts of the EUR curve to remain vulnerable to a
flattening. Consequently, our preferred part of the EUR curve for steepening is between
the 2/3y and 10y.
3. Overall, we think the proposed changes might help to make the EUR 10s/30s curve
slightly more resilient to a potential US-led flattening of the 10s/30s developed market
curves going forward. While US rates have lost their bearish momentum somewhat after
the September FOMC meeting, future strong data could still change the picture in the
coming months, potentially leading to more flattening pressure in 10s/30s globally. As
such, just based on the proposed changes by the UFR committee, we would not chase
the 10s/30s steepening even if carry is still attractive (20bp) over a year.
The full details of the proposed changes is only available in Dutch at the moment at the following link:
http://www.rijksoverheid.nl/documenten-en-publicaties/kamerstukken/2013/10/01/kabinetsreactie-op-het-adviesvan-de-commissie-ultimate-forward-rate-ufr.html The delta risk profile chart can be seen on Figure 8 at page 54.
3
http://www.dnb.nl/en/news/news-and-archive/persberichten-2013/dnb297414.jsp
4 October 2013
21
FIGURE 3
US led outright market sell-off in the belly of the curve has
resulted in a flattening in 10y+
110
100
4.0
USD 10s/30s
FIGURE 4
Paying the belly on EUR 5y10y/5y15y/5y20 is still probably
a better carry trade than 10s/30s steepeners
160
90
30
EUR 5y10y/5y15y/5y20y
EUR 5y5y/15y15y (RHS)
110
-20
60
-70
10
-120
-40
-170
3.0
80
2.5
70
2.0
60
1.5
50
40
Jan-12
1.0
May-12
Sep-12
Jan-13
May-13
Sep-13
-90
Jan-08
-220
Jan-09
Jan-10
Jan-11
Jan-12
Jan-13
4. Given that potentially there might be somewhat more receiving appetite in the 20y
sector as a result of the changes, the RV carry trade structures that benefit from paying
the 20y sector might look initially less attractive. However, carry from paying the belly in
an RV trade like EUR 5y10y fwd/5y15y fwd/5y20y fwd is still 17.5bp over a year; and
the structure looks much lower than the levels implied from the steepness of the longend curve (we look at EUR 5y5y/15y15y fwd curve spread for this Figure 4). This latter
argument combined with our expectation that new hedging shifts will be much less
than last year based on the UFR committees proposed changes, we think picking up
17.5bp positive carry from paying EUR 5y10y fwd/5y15y fwd/5y20y fwd is still better
value than 20bp carry in 10s/30s steepeners over a year, considering the risk scenarios.
4 October 2013
22
MONEY MARKETS
Over the past month, euro short rates have declined, reflecting dovish Fed comments
and the ECBs suggestion of the possibility of another LTRO. We expect the 1y1y Eonia
forward to keep trading at 35-45bp.
The ECBs October meeting brought very little new information about the outlook for
monetary policy. As expected, the ECB left policy interest rates and forward guidance
unchanged. During the Q&A session, ECB President Draghi mentioned the LTRO (as he did
in his hearing at the EU Parliament on 23 September) as among the available instruments to
counteract any effect from tightening liquidity conditions on euro money market rates.
However, he did not provide any suggestion on the timing of the operation or on its
structure (eg, maturity, cost of borrowing, etc) 4. Asked how the ECB would avoid another
LTRO to cause an increase in banks government bond purchases, he said the ECB could
shape an LTRO the best possible way to respond to any needs. In particular, he explained
that collateral policies would be adapted to market developments and noted that the ECB
could envisage accepting ABS mezzanine tranches backed by SME loans as collateral.
The ECBs latest comments have not changed our view. Another interest rate cut remains
unlikely, in our opinion, unless economic activity takes a step back. Forward guidance is likely
to remain unchanged in the coming months, with the next step likely to be the removal of the
downward bias should the economic situation continue to improve. We continue to envisage
another very long-term refinancing operation (VLTRO), likely with different characteristics
(eg, fixed to the current benchmark rate, open-ended, with specific collateral) as the most
likely instrument for the ECB to use to address the tightening liquidity conditions should this
result in an increase in Eonia fixing (and consequently Eonia rates) volatility.
FIGURE 1
ECB meeting - Eonia forward curve: move over the last month
FIGURE 2
Tentative expectation on surplus and Eonia evolutions
1,200
1.75
03-Oct-13
1.50
05-Sep-13
1,000
Refi rate
1.25
200
800
1.00
600
100
0.75
0.50
400
0.25
200
0.00
Sep-13
May-14
Dec-14
Aug-15
Apr-16
Dec-16
0
Jun-09
Jul-10
Sep-11
Oct-12
Dec-13
0
Feb-15
Note: Our prediction on the evolution of the liquidity surplus is based on: the
strong assumption of constant autonomous factors; full roll of existing ECB
liquidity operations; no further LTROs; unchanged policy rates; gradual
repayment of the 3y LTROs at an average of EUR3bn per week; and roll of
remaining 3y liquidity at maturity into the 3m LTRO.
Source: EBF, ECB, Barclays Research
The day after the October press conference, Bloomberg reported that ECB President Mario Draghi had tasked a
panel to study options for new bank funding measures aimed at dealing with any future liquidity shortages.
4 October 2013
23
Over the past month, liquidity conditions have tightened moderately as the surplus has
declined 29bn to 216bn. The drop is due to the 21bn decline in OMO liquidity (due to 3y
LTROs repayments) and the 8bn increase in autonomous factors (that have been quite
volatile in the period). Even if the surplus has moved close to the psychological limit of
200bn, Eonia fixing has remained broadly unchanged at about 8bp (with the exception of
the spike on 30 September, mainly due to end-of-quarter effects).
The significant drop in Eonia volume the day before the public holiday in Germany (3 October),
from 30bn to 12bn, has allowed us to estimate the contribution to Eonia volume by
German banks to approximately 18bn (more than half of the entire volume of the Eonia
reported market). Interestingly, despite the sharp drop in volume, the fixing (calculated as
the weighted average of the lending rates reported by panel banks) has remained
unchanged at 7.9bp. This suggests a very low dispersion among panel banks contributions.
Also, last year the changes in volumes were similar (drop from 25bn to 12bn the day
before the public holiday), but the effect on fixing was slightly more pronounced (-0.8bp to
8.7bp), suggesting that, on average, German banks contributions were greater than the
average of non-German banks contributions., This could also mean that over the past year,
non-German banks have probably increased their lending rates while German banks have
kept them broadly stable.
German banks accounting for more than half of Eonia (reported) volume (also because the
contribution of other banks has declined) could be an important towards understanding the
relationship between Eonia and the liquidity surplus. At present, German banks ECB
borrowing amounts to a mere 10bn (they are a net lender to the ECB of about 96bn,
excluding the usage of 1-week term deposit, which at the end of August amounted to
73.4bn), suggesting less dependence on general Eurosystem liquidity conditions (their ECB
borrowing was much higher in the past). Therefore, German banks contributions to the
EONIA market should be less sensitive to movement of the liquidity surplus, although it is
not clear how German banks in the Eonia panel adjust their lending rates, especially to other
small German banks, and to which extent the weekly drain auctions rates are a reference
for them in terms of the lending rate in the overnight unsecured liquidity market. This, given
the relatively high volume reported by German banks, might imply a reduction in the fixings
sensitivity to the surplus, which would mean a more stable Eonia fixing even in a context of
the surplus moving well below 200bn.
Market expectations of ECB actions have changed over the past month (Figure 1). The Eonia
curve has bull flattened since the ECB September meeting, when President Draghi warned
that the ECB was ready to act if further passive tightening of liquidity conditions emerged,
which could trigger an increase in EONIA fixing (at about 8bp at that time). Moreover, the
(unexpected) dovish message by the Fed at the September FOMC meeting and the fact that
President Draghi mentioned (for the first time ) the LTRO among the available instruments
to counteract passive tightening of liquidity conditions at his hearing at the EU Parliament
further support the decline in EU short rates. It is worth noting that the 1y1y Eonia forward
has rallied from the highest level since the allotment of the two 3y LTROs, 59bp, to the
current level of 36bp, in line with our expectations.
Flattening up to 2y tenors;
the curve remains steep
at longer maturities
Moreover, the term premium component embedded in money market rates has declined
but not disappeared (Figure 4). Indeed, looking at maturities beyond 2015, the bull
flattening was much less pronounced (Figure 3). This is because long maturities are much
more affected in general by major central banks expectations of a general increase in policy
rates (this part of the money market curve is more sensitive to moves in the US rates
market) and the normal term premium this far out in the money market curve, rather than a
4 October 2013
24
The Eonia forward curve continues to price in gradual normalisation of the fixing within the
monetary policy corridor due to tightening liquidity conditions from 3y LTRO repayments.
However, while at the beginning of September fully normalisation of Eonia was priced in by
the end of December 2014, markets now expect this to happen in September 2015. More
specifically, for the March 2015 reserve period (just after the natural maturity of the two 3y
LTROs), EONIA fixing is priced at 33bp, which means no normalisation of EONIA (assuming
an unchanged refi rate at 50bp) and likely discounts some probability of liquidity being reinjected into the market, via an LTRO.
Another possible interpretation of the shape of the Eonia curve could be expectations of
Eonia normalisation to a lower refi rate (ie, expectation of a 25bp refi rate cut), in a context
of low excess liquidity (ie, no further liquidity operations), as EONIA fixing pricing at 25bp
for the November 2014 reserve period seems to suggest. However, such an interpretation
also suggests a change in the monetary policy stance in the first half of 2015, with the first
refi rate hike that seems fully priced by August 2015 (Eonia is priced at 51bp).
Since we believe it is unlikely the refi rate cut tool is used to address any issues related to
the possible increase in Eonia fixing owing to the decline in the liquidity surplus, we are
more confident in interpreting the current shape of the Eonia curve as the result of rising
expectations of other liquidity operations.
Trading recommendations
The very front end of the Eonia curve should remain driven by current and expected
Eurosystem liquidity conditions. As long as the decline in the surplus does not increase
volatility of the fixing, we do not expect any major move up to the 1y part of the curve. Post
1-year rates are likely to remain sensitive to more global factors. Concrete suggestions of
VLTRO would trigger a rally in short rates with a flattening of the money market curve up to
the 2- or 3-year tenors.
In general, with the ECB not adding new information to the markets, we continue to expect
a period of range trading, with the 1y1y Eonia forward at range 35-45bp. We maintain our
steepening exposure to golds/blues (1y3y forward vs 1y2y Eonia forward)
FIGURE 3
Long part of the Eonia curve has remained steep
FIGURE 4
Decomposition of the 3m Euribor: Spot and forward
1.6
70
1.4
1.2
60
Resulting 3m Euribor
market levels
1.0
50
0.8
0.6
40
0.4
0.2
30
0.0
20
10
0
Oct-12
-0.2
4 October 2013
Mar-13
Jun-13
Current ECB
OIS-ECB
Libor-OIS
Term premium
-0.4
-0.6
Sep-13
3m Euribor
3m 1y fwd
3m 2y fwd
3m 3y fwd
25
SOVEREIGN SPREADS
Huw Worthington
+44 (0)20 7773 1307
huw.worthington@barclays.com
Including account issuance thus far in 2013, we forecast the Eurozones total issuance
requirements for the remainder of Q4 at c.168bn. We predict redemptions of c.120bn,
resulting in total net issuance of just over 45bn over the next three months. However, the
majority of net issuance needs will fall in November, when support from redemptions will be the
second-lowest of any month in 2013, resulting in November being the fourth- heaviest issuance
month of this year. The highly rated core will account for the bulk of net issuance, with Germany,
France Belgium and Holland combined accounting for 39bn. However, Austria will see negative
net supply of 10bn due to a bond redemption in October, and negligible issuance needs
following a new 5y issued in September.
Cagdas Aksu
+44 (0)20 7773 5788
cagdas.aksu@barclays.com
Net issuance requirements elsewhere are more mixed. The recent increase in Italian debt
issuance plans to up to c.240bn of BTP, CCT and CTZ issuance, means that the sovereign
has the highest need of any issuer, c.54bn, in the remainder of Q4. However, redemptions
at the beginning of November and December will result in a small net issuance requirement
of 16bn, and with a potential BTP Italia due in the quarter, marketable bond issuance could
be negligible. Spain also has large redemptions of c.16bn at end-October; and with lower
auction sizes likely until end-2013, we expect net issuance requirements for that period of
just over 1bn.
FIGURE 1
Forecast gross and net issuance by month and country for the remainder of 2013 ( bn)
Germany France
Rest of
Oct 13
Nov-13
Dec-13
Rest of
2013
Italy
Spain
Austria
Greece
Ireland
Total
Gross Issuance
17.0
18.0
17.5
4.0
2.5
2.5
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
63.5
Redemptions
16.0
21.6
0.0
16.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
13.1
0.0
0.0
66.9
Net
1.0
-3.6
17.5
-12.2
2.5
2.5
0.0
1.5
-13.1
0.0
0.5
-3.4
Gross Issuance
13.0
17.0
25.5
8.0
2.5
5.5
0.0
0.0
1.7
0.0
0.0
73.1
18.1
Redemptions
0.0
0.0
18.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Net
13.0
17.0
7.4
8.0
2.5
5.5
0.0
0.0
1.7
0.0
0.0
55.0
Gross Issuance
9.0
4.5
11.0
5.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
31.5
Redemptions
15.0
0.0
20.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
35.2
Net
-6.0
4.5
-9.0
5.5
-0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
-3.7
39.0
39.5
54.0
17.5
5.0
8.0
0.0
1.5
3.2
0.0
0.5
168.1
Total Redemptions
31.0
21.6
38.1
16.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
13.1
0.0
0.0
120.2
Total Net
8.0
17.9
15.9
1.3
4.8
8.0
0.0
1.5
-10.0
0.0
0.5
47.9
26
In terms of individual gross issuance, Maria Canatta said Italian gross debt issuance in 2014
would be broadly similar to that in 2013. We expect bills supply to remain flat; thus, 240bn
of BTP, CCTs and CTZs supply will leave Italy as the largest issuer by some distance. France
has forecast 174bn of bond issuance net of buybacks (although this will likely be
eventually reduced to reflect buybacks of bonds redeeming in 2014 that take place in Q4).
We do, however, assume an additional 18bn of issuance to fund buybacks of debt falling
due in subsequent years (ie, 192bn funding in gross terms). Thereafter, Germanys draft
budget released on 13 August foresees c.108bn of 5y, 10y and 30y supply, alongside total
schatz and bills supply of 109bn, translating into expected bond issuance of 158bn,
which could be supplemented by c.10bn of linker issuance. We expect supply in the
Netherlands to be similar to the 50bn in 2013. Spain has announced total debt issuance
will be 243.9bn in 2014. There will be no contribution in net issuance terms from bills;
thus, a bond supply target of about 130bn, compared with c.121bn this year, seems
likely, in our opinion, although that does not include any requirement for regional funding.
Of the smaller issuers, in Belgium we forecast a total funding requirement of c.37bn,
although the announced 2014 OLO issuance could be a little lower than this, as MTN and
retail issuance make up the balance. Notably, however, there will be no additional
borrowing to fund a so-called popular borrowing plan in Belgium, with household savings
locked in for five years, but enjoying a 10pp reduction in the withholding tax to 15% to be
used to finance socially responsible projects in the public and private sectors (including
lending to SMEs). A high level of redemptions in Austria should see supply increase to as
much as 30bn in 2014, while Finlands bond funding needs could fall to as low as 10bn.
4 October 2013
Looking beyond 2014, funding requirements nevertheless remain high in the euro area. We
include expected cash deficits for the main euro area issuers to forecast bond redemptions
for 2015 in order to estimate longer-term bond issuance requirements. In 2015, bond
market funding is thus forecast to rise by c.16bn; however, this is primarily due to higher
redemptions as net issuance starts to decline sharply.
27
Germany France
Italy
Spain
Ireland
2014 f/c
Financing Needs:
Forecast Bond
Redemptions
647
144
106
190
68
29
32
24
14
0
221
-8
76
37
60
18
Bond Funding
869
168
192
240
128
37
50
30
27
Financing Gap
IMF - redemptions
Cash deficit
25
Financing Sources:
7
19
Total Funding
906
168
192
240
128
37
50
30
21
24
222
24
86
50
60
18
-6
-21
-1
720
151
130
200
92
33
50
13
16
16
0.5
8.6
5.7
174
-10
69
32
48
13
Bond Funding
893
151
217
233
139
36
64
10
18
19
11
Financing Gap
2015 f/c
Financing Needs:
Forecast Bond
Redemptions
IMF - redemptions
Cash deficit
Financing Sources:
7
11
Total Funding
922
151
217
233
139
36
64
10
18
19
24
12
173
87
32
48
13
-10
-2
Note: 2014 France bond funding forecast includes an expectation of 18bn of issuance to fund debt buybacks. These buybacks will reduce forecast FRTR bond
redemptions in 2015 by the same amount. Source: Barclays Research
4 October 2013
28
Auction Date
Issuance
Redemptions
Coupons
Germany
5.00
16.00
1.35
-12.35
France
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-3.35
Italy
6.50
0.00
0.00
6.50
15.91
-45.62
Spain
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Belgium
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
23-Sep
30-Sep
-0.13
-13.66
07-Oct
14-Oct
21-Oct
Total issuance
14.00
Total redemptions
16.00
Total coupons
1.35
-3.35
Greece
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Finland
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Ireland
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Holland
2.50
0.00
0.00
2.50
Austria
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Portugal
Total
0.00
14.00
0.00
16.00
0.00
1.351
0.00
-3.35
4 October 2013
29
UK RATES STRATEGY
Some concession seems likely into upcoming ultra-long supply. However, the relatively
light supply schedule and improving funding position of defined benefit schemes
suggests that the long end can richen, and the curve flatten into year-end.
The September PMI series have continued the strong run of UK data and are consistent with
a very strong growth outturn for Q3 13 (Figure 1). The most recent MPC speakers have all
forward rate guidance and why they remain relaxed on the housing market where they see
no evidence that a bubble has yet to emerge nationally. So ahead of the October MPC
decision, we see little reason to expect any change in the MPCs policy stance and any
accompanying statement to offer little new information. The average of the employment
sub-components for the three separate indices has continued to move higher and is
consistent with ongoing unemployment rate declines (Figure 2).
Notably, over the past few weeks, the long end of the curve has performed relatively strongly,
despite ongoing supply and the lack of taper from the Fed. Figure 3 shows the change in
benchmark curve spreads on the forward swap curve since the advent of forward rate
guidance and also since the FOMC meeting on 17-18 September. The post-Fed environment
has seen outperformance in the belly of the curve, with GBP 2y3yf and GBP 5y5yf driving a
flattening in the front end of the forward curve and despite some recent resteepening, the
longer dated forwards have outperformed and the macro curve has come under flattening
pressure. Figure 4 shows the flattening of the forward gilt curve has broadly been in line with
the moves at the front end of curve. We estimate that the final quarter of the year will see the
DMO supply some 34.6bn equivalent to 3.9mn/bp in risk terms. This compares with an
average gross supply of 39.8bn over the last three fiscal years, or 60mn/bp in risk terms.
Clearly, forthcoming supply in Q4 13, while only slightly lower (5.2bn) than previous years,
in risk terms is markedly lower. The main supply even for the quarter will be the syndicated
reopening of UKT 3.5% July 2068 in the second half of October. The DMO estimates the
remaining syndicated nominal supply for the fiscal year at 3.7bn.
FIGURE 2
PMI Employment Index vs change in ILO U rate (pp, RHS)
FIGURE 1
UK PMI series continue to point to economic strength
Real GDP q/q (RHS)
60
2.0%
1.5%
1.0%
60
-0.2
55
-0.1
50
45
0.1
40
0.2
35
0.3
0.5%
50
0.0%
-0.5%
45
-1.0%
-1.5%
40
Source:
4 October 2013
Jun-13
Jun-11
Jun-09
Jun-07
Jun-05
Jun-03
-3.0%
Jun-01
35
Jan-07 Jan-08 Jan-09 Jan-10 Jan-11 Jan-12 Jan-13
Jun-99
-2.5%
Jun-97
-2.0%
30
FIGURE 3
Changes in GBP forward swap curve (bp)
30
FIGURE 4
Gilt curve flattening has been in line with front end
vs 17 Sep 13
vs 06 Aug 13
250
Gilt 5y5y/15y15y
200
20
20
10
0
150
40
-10
100
60
-20
50
80
100
-50
120
-100
140
-30
Source:
Barclays Research
40,000
20,000
10,000
0
-10,000
-20,000
-30,000
-40,000
1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013
Haver Analytics, Bank of England, Barclays Research
4 October 2013
Oct-13
Apr-13
Oct-12
Apr-12
Oct-11
In risk terms this is around 9.1mn/bp (around 90,500 Long Gilt Futures contracts
equivalent). This single operation would represent around 20% of the risk that the market
will be asked to absorb in Q4 13. The remaining long-dated nominal supply is reopenings of
the 2036s in November (2.75bn) and the 2044s in December (2.5bn) totalling 9mn/bp
in risk. The strength of the long end is reflects not only the front-end moves but also the
steady demand increase for gilts from non-MFI domestic investors. On a rolling 12m basis,
we have seen a sharp turnaround in flow, which was a cumulative 21.3bn at the end of
August (Figure 5). The resurgence of domestic real money demand has coincided with an
improvement in the overall funding position of defined benefit pension schemes, which
based on the PPF 7800 series, has increased to 91%. This equates to a ten percentage-point
improvement over the year, underpinned by a 70bn improvement in estimated liabilities
year to date, which has coincided with the back-up in long-dated gilt yields (using the yield
in the FTSE 15y+ Gilt Index as a proxy, Figure 6). The coincident improvement in both the
liability position and rise in yields, coupled with a relatively light long-dated supply schedule
after the 2068 syndication, suggests to us that the long end could remain well supported
until year-end.
30,000
Source:
Apr-11
FIGURE 5
Domestic non-MFI gilt purchases(mn, rolling 12m sum)
50,000
Oct-10
1y1y/15y15y
5y5y/15y15y
10y10y/15y15y
5y5y/10y10y
2y3y/5y5y
1y1y/5y5y
1y1y/2y3y
1y1y/1y2y
1y/1y1y
-40
FIGURE 6
Pension liabilities (mn) vs +15y yield (%, RHS, inverted)
1,500
2.5
Liabilities
FTSE + 15yr Index Yield
1,400
3.0
1,300
3.5
1,200
1,100
4.0
1,000
4.5
900
800
5.0
700
5.5
600
500
Mar-03
Source:
6.0
Mar-05
Mar-07
Mar-09
Mar-11
Mar-13
31
FIGURE 7
Long nominal gilts Consecutive implied forwards (%)
5.75
implied forward
5.50
5.25
5.00
4.75
4.50
4.25
4.00
3.75
3.50
3.25
3.00
2.75
4.50% 3.25% 4.25% 4.25% 3.75% 4.25% 4.00% 3.50%
Dec
Jan
Dec
Dec
Jul
Dec
Jan
Jul
2042 2044 2046 2049 2052 2055 2060 2068
Source: Barclays Research
4 October 2013
FIGURE 8
Selected long gilt implied forward rates in 2068 gilt (%)
3.75
3.65
3.55
3.45
2044/2068
2052/2068
3.35
Jul-13
2060/2068
Aug-13
Sep-13
Oct-13
In terms of bond RV, Figure 7 shows the implied bond forwards between consecutive bonds
in the long end of the nominal curve, The 2044s, which have still to complete their tapping
cycle, stand out as notably cheap, with an implied forward yield above 5%. With two long
nominal auctions due in Q1 14, at least one is likely to be for the 2044 gilt to bring it up to
around 25bn outstanding. There is a wider issue around whether the DMO needs to issue
a new 30y gilt in FY2014/15. Should the DMO feel that there is no compelling need to have
one, this could leave the 2044s with room to perform in the medium term. Figure 8 shows
the implied forwards of selected long-dated gilts into the 2068. With the forward rates
looking relatively expensive and the curve intrinsically driven by the front end, we would
expect the set-up for supply to come via cash-for-cash shorteners out of the ultra-long end
into the 30-40y sector. Nevertheless, we would recommend coming out of Octobers supply
overweight the long end and with a curve flattening bias, as the combination of further
corrections in rates level and ongoing year-end demand for longs, should see the long end
outperform outright and on the curve.
32
In this weeks AAA Investor, we provide an update on supply conditions in the covered
bond and SSA markets. We also look at relative value opportunities in Spain between
covered bonds and senior unsecured debt.
After the long summer pause, covered bond supply picked up in September, to record
11bn. This was in line with our forecast of 12bn and our annual forecast of 110bn. In
SSAs, supply of around 27bn in September 2013 was slightly short of the 30bn we had
originally estimated. Year to date, around 289bn has been issued in fixed coupon, relative
benchmark-size bonds and it seems that we are still on track to see issuance of 350-360bn
this year. Additionally, while we expect, as in previous years, that many market participants
will seek to close their trading and portfolio books in November, we note that there are still
some issuers pushing part of their funding plans out into late November and December.
With the ESM presenting its inaugural bond issuance in the coming days, Q4 might be
dominated by European supranational issuance.
We update our analysis of relative value between covered and senior unsecured bonds
issued by Spanish banks. The spread differentials between these parts of the capital
structure are currently at their twelve month lows for Spanish banks. In this context, we
recommend investors switch from unsecured debt into covered bonds of higher quality
Spanish banks to benefit from their higher ratings, lower risk weighting and potential
preferential treatment under the BRRD.
FIGURE 1
Spanish senior unsecured/covered bond switch ideas
Our key trade recommendations are:
Switch out of BBVASM 4.875% 16s senior into BBVASM 4.75% 16s covered;
Switch out of SANTAN 4.000% 20s senior into SANTAN 4.000% 20s covered; and
Switch out of CABKSM 3.125% 18s senior into CABKSM 3.000 % 18s covered.
Source: Barclays Research
4 October 2013
33
Following two years of robust economic recovery well ahead of most other European
countries, Swedish growth has decelerated notably during the past year. Indeed, GDP
growth was virtually flat in H1 13 as lacklustre global growth continued to weigh negatively
on exports and business appetite to invest. However, high frequency data have improved
and paint a more upbeat picture.
Survey data suggest that
underlying growth
momentum in the external
sector is improving
While Swedish GDP surprised to the downside in Q2, posting a -0.2 q/q decline, survey data
have continued to improve, supporting our view that Swedish economic activity troughed
during the summer. Indeed, manufacturing-PMI increased to 50 in September, with export
orders posting its strongest reading (57.2) since April 2011, adding to the evidence that the
underlying growth momentum in the external sector is improving. The new order/stock ratio
also suggests that manufacturing-PMI will continue to improve quite notably during the
coming months, Figure 1. While the service sector PMI dropped slightly in September (0.4
units to 53.3) note that our composite-PMI posted its third consecutive print above 50 in
September, adding to the evidence of a broad-based growth momentum, Figure 2.
The favourable conditions for households are intact. Rising wages and low inflation will
likely continue to boost their purchasing power, with real income expected to increase
c2.5% per year during the forecast horizon. Households savings ratio reached the highest
level in more than a decade (16.4% of disposable income) during the second quarter,
suggesting scope for further consumption growth on the back of decreased uncertainty,
especially about labour market prospects. Easy financial conditions, tax cuts and improved
households wealth should also benefit growth. Indeed, our monthly wealth gap index,
derived as the sum of house prices (80%) and OMX stock market (20%) deviation from
trend, has recovered notably from the lows of end 2012, implying that the negative wealth
effect will continue to abate gradually over the coming year, Figure 3.
FIGURE 2
Composite PMI above 50 for the past three months
FIGURE 1
Order/stock ratio suggest for further improvement in PMI
Index
Index
80
1.7
70
1.5
60
1.3
50
1.1
40
0.9
30
0.7
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
20
Jan-98
0.5
Jan-01
Jan-04
Jan-07
Manufacturing-PMI
Source: Reuters, EcoWin, Barclays Research
4 October 2013
Jan-10
Jan-13
35
30
Jan-06 Jan-07 Jan-08 Jan-09 Jan-10 Jan-11 Jan-12 Jan-13
Composite PMI
Source: Reuters, EcoWin, Barclays Research
34
The debate about the establishment of a macro prudential policy framework will likely
remain the primary focus on the policy agenda going into the New Year, despite the
governments decision to give the FSA the main responsibility for the instruments affecting
financial stability. While the FSA has not yet introduced any new concrete policy measures it
might increasingly prove a pedagogic challenge for the Riksbank to refer to its financial
stability concerns in its monetary policy communication. That said, the communication
from the past week, where Riksbank Board members argued that the FSA should consider
raising the risk-weight floors for banks mortgages further, while the Governor of FSA
suggested that such an increase would be pre-mature, suggest that the public debate
(unfortunately, in our view) might remain heated and a bit confusing.
Trade ideas
Given the benign inflation outlook, the improved cyclical outlook and the RBs concern
about systemic risks we continue to see value in SEK 1y1yfwd/1y2yfwd steepeners versus
EUR. The trade should also benefit from very long-term refinancing operation (VLTRO) that
we anticipate before year-end. On the FRA-curve, we prefer 3m Sep 14 FRA/3m Sep 15
FRA steepeners, with Sep 14 already discounting c.40bp worth of tightening.
SEK 1y1yfwd/1y2yfwd
steepeners versus EUR still
offers value
on FRA-curve, we like
3m Sep 14 FRA/3m Sep 15
FRA steepeners
The improved cyclical outlook and the governments decision to sell its remaining share of
Nordea will likely continue to benefit forward-looking deficit estimates going into the Debt
Office thrice yearly financing need report (23 October). Our outright fair value models for
10y SGB ASW also suggest that spreads are 10-15bp too tight. Hence, we continue to see
value in holding 10y ASW wideners.
FIGURE 3
Negative wealth effect gradually abating, standard deviation
3
FIGURE 4
10y ASW versus model estimate
Bp
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-1
-60
-70
-2
-80
-3
-4
Jan-91
-90
Nov-94
Sep-98
Jul-02 May-06
Wealth Gap
4 October 2013
Mar-10
-100
Jan-10
Jan-11
Jan-12
Jan-13
10y ASW
35
Priced to go
The IL19 is cheap into its forthcoming auction, and offers structural value but concerns
about the depth of structural 5y linker demand may constrain any outperformance.
Henry Skeoch
+44 (0)20 7773 7917
henry.skeoch@barclays.com
The DMO is set to auction the IL19 for 1.75bn notional on Tuesday, 8 October. The auction
size, equivalent to just under 1.2mn per bp of risk, is slightly larger than we had expected,
though it is the same size for which the bond was launched on 20 August. Typically, we
would expect first reopenings of the bond to be slightly smaller than the launch size. The
IL19 has performed poorly lately in relative value, trading cheaper than the IL17 in
breakeven. Given the two bonds are both November maturities, there is no seasonality gap
to account for. Our Sonia curve-based model for mortgage interest payment inflation
suggests that the IL17 breakeven should trade approximately 2bp richer than the IL19 all
else equal given the slope of the money market curve. The IL19 breakeven is almost 4bp
cheaper than the IL17, however. The IL17/IL19 forward breakeven at 2.8% implies an
undershoot of the MPC 2% CPI target even before accounting for housing components of
the RPI/CPI basis. We do think the IL19 offers attractive longer-term breakeven value but
only offers compelling risk/reward as a tactical long below a level of 284bp.
We think the recent cheapening of the IL19 is largely pre-auction concession, and may
partially reflect market concern about the depth of structural demand for the issue. Given
the broad market uncertainty stemming from the US at present, we think dealers will also be
wary of a post-auction overhang leaving risk appetite subdued. The 5y sector has been
among the most volatile points on the curve so far this year and suffers from a lack of
structural sponsorship as the mostly widely tracked domestic linker indices are over-5y
(though obviously still include the IL19). While it is far too early to be concerned about the
IL19 index drop, this could become an issue in six months or so. Earlier in the year, there
was decent demand for short linkers. In our view, some of this stemmed from a degree of
expectation that the BoE inflation target might be loosened prior to the arrival of Mark
Carney at the Bank of England. In the end, the 2% CPI target was confirmed, and we believe
most related front-end UK linker positions were unwound during the sharp rate sell-off from
April. We think the IL19 now offers attractive value from a fundamental perspective,
particularly in breakeven and its cheapness in relative value has started to correct at the
time of writing. The issue is also attractive for sonia focused asset swap investors.
FIGURE 2
IL19 fairly attractive in asset swap versus Sonia
FIGURE 1
IL19 cheap in breakeven, particularly versus IL17
12
2.96
50
10
2.92
45
40
2.88
4
2
2.84
35
0
2.80
-2
IL19 breakeven (%)
IL17/19 breakeven curve slope (RHS, bp)
2.76
22-Aug
Source: Barclays Research
4 October 2013
-6
05-Sep
19-Sep
03-Oct
30
-4
25
21-Aug
04-Sep
18-Sep
02-Oct
36
VOLATILITY
One reason, we think, the forward-rate guidance has not been successful in containing
volatility in the front-end is because the market considers the MPCs projection for the drop
in the unemployment rate to be pessimistic. Essentially, any forecast of the unemployment
rate is complicated by the link between productivity and real GDP growth.
To clearly understand the dependence of the unemployment rate on growth and
productivity, we plot the possible level of unemployment rate three years down the line, for
various scenarios (Figure 1) 6 . Moving across columns, Figure 1 shows how the
unemployment rate, at the three-year horizon, can change if the real annualised GDP
increases from 2.25% to 3.25%. As growth increases, the demand for labour rises too and
leads to a faster drop in the unemployment rate. Similarly, moving across rows shows how
the rate can evolve for various levels of productivity. An increase in productivity means that
the same amount of output can be produced by a smaller force. Therefore, the
unemployment rate rises with productivity, if the rate of growth remains constant.
Generally, the MPCs view seems to be that while productivity could grow at a slow pace in
the initial stages of the recovery, it is likely to pick up as the recovery takes hold. Therefore,
5
For example, Mark Carneys first public speech on August 28 emphasized the threshold nature of the guidance
The table is similar to the one available on page 29 of the forward guidance document released on August 7th by the
MPC
4 October 2013
37
FIGURE 1
The MPC expects productivity to rise with growth and slow
down the fall in unemployment rate
UER, 3yr
horizon
FIGURE 2
though productivity has trailed GDP growth recently
104
2.25%
2.50%
2.75%
3.00%
3.25%
2.25%
9.6%
8.9%
8.3%
7.6%
6.9%
2.00%
8.9%
8.3%
7.6%
6.9%
6.2%
1.75%
8.3%
7.6%
6.9%
6.2%
5.5%
1.50%
7.6%
6.9%
6.2%
5.5%
4.8%
106
102
102
100
98
98
96
94
94
90
Mar-03
Mar-05
Mar-07
GDP: chained vol index
Note: Shows the possible values of unemployment rate, at the three-year horizon
(ending June 2016), for various combinations of GDP (chained volume index)
and productivity (output per hour, whole economy). The calculations have been
done using assumptions of constant population growth rate (16+), average
weekly hours worked, and labour force participation rate. Data are as of end June
2013. Source: Barclays Research
92
Mar-09
Mar-11
Mar-13
Output per hr wrked index (rhs)
even if output were to grow at a faster rate than expected, the productivity would rise too
and, at the very least, slow down the fall in the unemployment rate. In essence, the MPC
expects the unemployment rate to follow a diagonal trajectory (Figure 1).
The MPC is justified in having such expectation. For many years, the changes in real GDP
and productivity have been positively linked. The problem is, the link has weakened lately:
productivity has fallen over the past couple of quarters, even as the economy has embarked
on a gradual recovery (Figure 2).
A de-linkage between productivity and real GDP means, with regards to Figure 1, that the
economy could move perpendicular to the MPCs expectations, implying ending in the
bottom-right of the grid. This increases the uncertainty about the hiking cycle, which is now
linked to the unemployment rate, and therefore leads to volatility in belly rates.
Another reason for persistence of volatility in GBP rates has been its correlation with the
USD markets. Despite the introduction of the forward-rate guidance, the MPC has been
unable to decouple the belly in GBP from movements in corresponding USD rates. Over the
past few months, as the Fed seemed to emphasize the unemployment rate and payrolls, it
led to heightened volatility in USD mid tails, and the same effect was felt in GBP.
To illustrate this, we show the intraday realised volatility of the GBP 5y swap rate for specific
days on which the US payrolls data were released (Figure 3). The chart shows that the US
payrolls data release has consistently led to a spike in realised volatility of the GBP 5y rate
over the past few months, even after the MPC initiated the forward-rate guidance.
4 October 2013
38
Alternatively, one can also initiate a GBP 3m*5y ATM-25bp receiver, delta-hedged. Implied
vol of 25bp low-strike GBP 3m*5y receiver is about 6 bp/y lower than that of ATM receivers,
implying that they are cheaper to initiate. Since realised vol in GBP is high, it is likely that in a
rate rally, implied vol may not fall as much as is being suggested by the skew thereby
leading to further gains.
Finally, investors who do not wish to put on trades that require delta hedge, may initiate a
calendar spread. Specifically, we recommend buying 100mn GBP 3m*5y ATM straddle
versus selling 60mn GBP 1m*5y ATM straddle. The trade in this form is gamma neutral
and should, therefore, not incur sharp losses if rates were to drift sharply in the near term.
As of 3 October 2013, the trade costs about 105cts to put on, at mid-levels. It also carries
FIGURE 4
GBP 3m*5y traded above 76bp/y before the US Fed had
introduced date-based forward guidance
FIGURE 3
US payroll data have led to volatility in GBP rates
Realised volatility (bp/5mn)
1.7
120
1.3
100
0.9
80
0.5
60
0.1
9:00
11:00
Sep 13
13:00
Aug 13
15:00
Jul 13
17:00
Apr-Jun 13
Note: Shows intraday realized volatility of GBP 5y swap rate for days on which
the US payrolls data were released. The realized volatility is calculated over a 60minute window using intraday data spaced at 5 minute intervals.
Source: Bloomberg, Barclays Research
4 October 2013
40
01-Jan-09
01-Jan-10
01-Jan-11
01-Jan-12
01-Jan-13
39
4 October 2013
40
Bond
Coupon
Maturity
Size - bn
Germany
Germany
Italy
Italy
Italy
Germany
Spain
Spain
France
France
France
France
Finland
Finland
Germany
Italy
Belgium
Belgium
Belgium
Italy
Italy
Germany
France
France
Italy
Austria
Austria
Germany
Spain
Spain
OBLi Auction
5y OBL Auction
3yr BTP Auction
5yr CCT Auction
15y BTP
2y Schatz Auction
3y SPGB
13y SPGB
2y OAT
3y OAT auction
5y OAT Auction
OATi /ei Auctions
5y RFGB Auction
10y RFGB Auction
30y Bund Auction
BTPei Auction
5y BGB Auction
7y BGB Auction
10y BGB Auction
5y BTP Auction
10y BTP Auction
10y Bund Auction
New 10y OAT
30y OAT
New BTP Italia
5y RAGB Auction
20y RAGB Auction
5y OBL Auction
New 3y SPGB
10y SPGB
0.75%
1.00%
2.75%
FRN
4.75%
0.25%
3.30%
5.900%
0.25%
3.250%
1.00%
15-Apr-18
15-Oct-18
15-Nov-16
01-Nov-18
01-Sep-28
11-Sep-15
30-Jul-16
30-Jul-26
25-Nov-15
25-Apr-16
25-Nov-18
1.13%
1.50%
2.50%
15-Sep-18
15-Apr-23
04-Jul-44
1.25%
3.75%
2.25%
3.50%
4.50%
2.00%
2.00%
3.25%
22-Jun-18
28-Sep-20
22-Jun-23
01-Dec-18
01-Mar-24
15-Aug-23
25-May-24
25-May-45
1.00
4.00
3.00
1.50
2.00
5.00
2.00
1.50
3.50
1.50
3.50
1.50
0.75
0.75
2.00
1.00
0.75
0.75
1.50
3.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
2.50
1.25%
2.40%
1.00%
19-Oct-18
23-May-34
12-Oct-18
Japan
Japan
Japan
Japan
Japan
Japan
Japan
Japan
UK
UK
UK
UK
2068 Tap
2019 Linker Auction
2018 Gilt Auction
Linker 2052 Auction
US
3y Note Auction
US
10y Note Auction
US
30y Bond Auction
US
30y TIPs Auction
US
2y Note Auction
US
5y Note Auction
US
7y Note Auction
Unconfirmed Barclays Research Estimate
Rich
Cheap
4.40%
31-Oct-23
0.83
0.83
4.00
3.00
1.50
200
700
2600
300
1200
2700
300
2400
3.50%
0.125%
1.25%
0.125%
22-Jul-68
22-Nov-19
22-Jul-18
22-Mar-52
3.50
1.75
4.50
0.90
30
21
13
7
32
35
29
4 October 2013
41
US swap spreads
Fed funds
3m Libor
2y
5y
10y
30y
10y RY
2y
5y
10y
30y
Q4 13
0.00-0.25
0.25
0.40
1.65
2.85
3.85
0.50
Q1 14
0.00-0.25
0.25
0.50
1.90
3.00
3.95
0.50
Q4 13
15
15
15
-5
Q1 14
15
15
15
Q2 14
0.00-0.25
0.25
0.65
2.10
3.25
4.15
Q3 14
0.00-0.25
0.30
0.85
2.35
3.50
4.30
0.85
Q2 14
15
15
15
1.10
Q3 14
15
15
15
Refi rate
3m
2y
5y
10y
30y
10y RY
2y
5y
10y
30y
Q4 13
0.50
0.25
0.30
1.05
2.05
2.85
0.20
Q1 14
0.50
0.25
0.35
1.15
2.20
3.00
0.20
Q4 13
40
50
38
Q1 14
42
52
40
Q2 14
0.50
0.30
0.45
1.30
2.35
3.10
Q3 14
0.50
0.35
0.60
1.45
2.50
3.25
0.30
Q2 14
42
52
40
0.40
Q3 14
42
52
40
UK government
UK swap spreads
Bank rate
3m
2y
5y
10y
30y
10y RY
2y
5y
10y
30y
Q4 13
0.50
0.52
0.70
1.70
2.75
3.65
-0.40
Q1 14
0.50
0.52
0.80
1.80
2.85
3.70
-0.30
Q4 13
30
10
15
-25
Q1 14
30
10
15
-25
Q2 14
0.50
0.55
0.90
1.90
3.00
3.75
Q3 14
0.50
0.60
1.00
2.00
3.10
3.75
-0.10
Q2 14
25
10
-25
0.00
Q3 14
25
10
-25
Japan government
Official rate
3m
2y
5y
10y
30y
10y RY
2y
5y
10y
30y
Q4 13
0.10
0.23
0.12
0.25
0.75
1.75
0.00
Q4 13
14
14
14
12
Q1 14
0.10
0.23
0.13
0.33
0.90
1.80
0.20
Q1 14
13
13
13
12
Q2 14
0.10
0.23
0.14
0.35
0.95
1.80
0.25
Q2
14
12
12
12
12
Q3 14
0.10
0.23
0.15
0.38
1.00
1.85
0.35
Q3
14
12
12
12
12
4 October 2013
42
Francois Cabau
European Economist
+44 (0) 20 3134 3592
francois.cabau@barclays.com
Fabio Fois
European Economist
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Rates Research/Strategy
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European Strategy
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moyeen.islam@barclays.com
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sreekala.kochugovindan@
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Fixed Income Strategy
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giuseppe.maraffino@barclays.com
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Fixed Income Strategy
+44 (0)20 7773 6057
mikael.nilsson@barclays.com
Hitendra Rohra
Fixed Income Strategy
+44 (0)20 7773 4817
hitendra.rohra@barclays.com
Michaela Seimen
SSA & Covered Bond Strategy
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michaela.seimen@barclays.com
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Inflation-Linked Strategy
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henry.skeoch@barclays.com
Khrishnamoorthy Sooben
Inflation-Linked Strategy
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khrishnamoorthy.sooben@
barclays.com
Huw Worthington
European Strategy
+44 (0)20 7773 1307
huw.worthington@barclays.com
4 October 2013
43
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