The Gerund

Form: verb + ing: reading swimming, eating

We use the gerund after:
Certain verbs: admit, deny, avoid, consider, deny, dislike, adore, love,
prefer, enjoy, finish, imagine, keep, mind, recommend*, regret, suggest,
consider,
Eg: I dislike walking under the sun.
I avoid speaking to
him
certain expressions: It is no use, it is no good cant stop, I cant help, cant
resist, be busy, be used to , be worth, look forward to, feel like , spend time
.
Eg: "It's no use crying over spilt milk" proverb.
I cant help
thinking of you all the time
She is busy doing her homework.
The film is worth
watching.
After go for physical activities:
She went
skiing last Sunday
After prepositions: in /at / of / up for /without / of / about /against/ on / with

Eg: How about inviting your aunt for the party.

I am tired of waiting
for him.
He gave up smoking last year.
NB: the gerund is also used as subject or object of a sentence
Reading is my favourite hobby.
I find looking after disabled people an enriching experience.
The infinitive
Form: to + verb: to read, to swim, to eat
We use the infinitive after
Certain verbs: want, hope, decide, refuse, agree, learn, manage, appear,
fail, expect, would like, would love, choose, plan, ask, intend, attempt,
neglect, pretend
Eg: I hope to be an engineer.
Ali agreed to
help me with my English
Verb + object + infinitive: advise, promise, tell, ask, encourage, invite,
beg, threaten.
Eg: Latifa asked the teacher to explain more.
I advised
him to leave the company
Certain adjectives: difficult, glad, necessary, important.
Eg: I find it too difficult to study maths

Question words: what, how ..

what to do
With too and enough
Eg: He is too old to drive
enough to buy a Ferrari

Eg: I dont know

Eg: Messi is rich

The infinitive without to

After Modals: can, could, may, might, shall, should, must, will, would,
might, neednt, ought to
Eg: you can do it easily
Certain Expressions: had bettere, why not,
Eg: you had
better go to a doctor
Imperatives: dont, lets.
Eg: dont
make noise.
Let /make/ recommand + sb:
Eg: She
made me laugh very often.
NB: help can be followed by the infinitive with or without to
Eg: My sister helps me do/to do my homework.
The gerund or the infinitive
Certain Verbs: begin, start, stop, continue, try, like, love, hate, prefer,
forget, remember, need, cant bear
Eg: I started working early = I staretd to work early
The Gerund
Form: verb + ing: reading swimming, eating
We use the gerund after:
Certain verbs: admit, deny, avoid, consider, deny, dislike, adore, love,
prefer, enjoy, finish, imagine, keep, mind, recommend*, regret, suggest,
consider,
Eg: I dislike walking under the sun.
I avoid speaking to
him
certain expressions: It is no use, it is no good cant stop, I cant help, cant
resist, be busy, be used to , be worth, look forward to, feel like , spend time
.
Eg: "It's no use crying over spilt milk" proverb.
I cant help
thinking of you all the time
She is busy doing her homework.
The film is worth
watching.
After go for physical activities:
She went
skiing last Sunday

After prepositions: in /at / of / up for /without / of / about /against/ on / with

Eg: How about inviting your aunt for the party.

I am tired of waiting
for him.
He gave up smoking last year.
NB: the gerund is also used as subject or object of a sentence
Reading is my favourite hobby.
I find looking after disabled people an enriching experience.
The infinitive
Form: to + verb: to read, to swim, to eat
We use the infinitive after
Certain verbs: want, hope, decide, refuse, agree, learn, manage, appear,
fail, expect, would like, would love, choose, plan, ask, intend, attempt,
neglect, pretend
Eg: I hope to be an engineer.
Ali agreed to
help me with my English
Verb + object + infinitive: advise, promise, tell, ask, encourage, invite,
beg, threaten.
Eg: Latifa asked the teacher to explain more.
I advised
him to leave the company
Certain adjectives: difficult, glad, necessary, important.
Eg: I find it too difficult to study maths

Question words: what, how ..

what to do
With too and enough
Eg: He is too old to drive
enough to buy a Ferrari

Eg: I dont know

Eg: Messi is rich

The infinitive without to

After Modals: can, could, may, might, shall, should, must, will, would,
might, neednt, ought to
Eg: you can do it easily
Certain Expressions: had bettere, why not,
Eg: you had
better go to a doctor
Imperatives: dont, lets.
Eg: dont
make noise.
Let /make/ recommand + sb:
Eg: She
made me laugh very often.
NB: help can be followed by the infinitive with or without to
Eg: My sister helps me do/to do my homework.
The gerund or the infinitive
Certain Verbs: begin, start, stop, continue, try, like, love, hate, prefer,
forget, remember, need, cant bear
Eg: I started working early = I staretd to work early