TOPIC: Problems switching to 4G Mobile

Technology;
Student Name: Milind M. Patil
Course: Msc.Computer Networks
Student Number: M00269828
INTRODUCTION:

What is 4G?
• Comfort level of human beings keeps on developing
and hence the technology.
• 4G is the upcoming latest technology which is the
extension of 3G technology.
• It will provide more bandwidth and services than
that of 3G.4G focuses on services like GSM,
WLAN and Bluetooth

Services of 4G:
• High usability in heterogeneous networks.
• High speed, high capacity, and low cost-per-bit.
• Personalization
• Integrated services and many more

CHALLENGES AND THEIR PROPOSED

SOLUTIONS IN 4G:

MULTIMODE USER TERMINALS:

This terminal is used to avoid the problem of multiple
terminals.
To avoid researchers suggested a technique called
Software Radio.
Fig1 shows the design of an Software Radio.

• The analog part of the receiver consists

of an antenna, a band pass filter (BPF),
and a low noise amplifier (LNA).
• The received analog signal is digitized by
the analog/digital converter (ADC)
immediately after the analog processing.
• The DSP will process the digitized signal
in accordance with the wireless
environment.

WIRLESS SYSTEM DISCOVERY:

• In heterogeneous network it is difficult to select the
target wireless systems because of many different
wireless technologies and protocols.
• It is complicated to discover available network with
different other networks used for providing the
service to the user.
• To avoid this problem Researchers suggested a
device called Software Radio Scanning Device
Fig 2 shows The Software Radio Scanning Device

TERMINAL MOBILITY:
• Terminal mobility allows the terminal to change
location while maintaining all services.
• It allows users to roam across different geographical
areas of wireless networks.
• The two main uses of terminal mobility are location
management and handoff management.
• It is complicated case in 4G regarding to measure
correct handoff.
• To overcome these problems researchers are
investigating new handoff decision algorithm for
 heterogeneous networks..

• Fig 3 Shows examples of Handovers..

SECURITY AND PRIVACY:

• The main fundamental aspect regarding security is
to give flexibility to the user.
• To provide good service to the user maintaining the
authentication, authorisation and also to look after
the key points like encryption and decryption
techniques.
• It is difficult to maintain security level in 4G
technology.
• So to overcome this problem researchers are
considering a security mechanism called Tiny
SESAME which is a lightweight reconfigurable
security mechanism that provides security for
multimedia applications in 4G networks.
FAULT TOLERANCE AND SURVIVABILITY:
• Fault tolerance and survivability is nothing but to
avoid arise of fault and to sustain without getting
affected by the fault.
• The research is going on regarding this problem
with new techniques like hierarchical cellular
technique and collocated or overlapping
heterogeneous wireless networks.
• However more research work is being done to solve
this problem.

MULTIPLE OPERATORS AND BILLING

SYSTEM:
It is the challenging task for the operator to provide one
billing method that covers all the billing schemes
involved in it.
Several Frameworks are introduced and studied to solve
this problem. The requirement on these frameworks
include scalability, flexibility, stability, accuracy and
usability.

PERSONAL MOBILITY:
It is a process in which a user can access
telecommunication services at any UPT (Universal
Personal Telecommunication) terminal on basis of
personal identifier, on the capability of network to
provide the services. The example is shown in Fig 4
Fig 4: An example of personal mobility.

CONCLUSION:
• In this article we have studied different problems
switching to 4G mobile technology such as
multimode user terminals, wireless system
discovery, terminal mobility, security and privacy,
fault tolerance and survivability, multiple operator
and billing system, personal mobility.
• The article describes to more throw light on the
areas of problem regarding the 4G mobile
technology.
• More frameworks and research work is to be carried
out for establishing 4G.