KHILAFAT DELEGATION:

in 1920 the khilafat delegation under the supervision of

maulana muhammad ali jauhar sent an expedition to the
england in order to present its case infront of the british
parliamnet and bristish people.accompying the delegation
were syed sultan nadvi and malik hussain hayat.
PRESENTING THE CASE TO THE PEOPLE OF BRITIAN:
keeping in mind the anti islamic nature of the british PM,
maulana jauhar wasnt expecting much from the authorities
so he held many interviews and speeches across britian and
the famous siiting was that at the working mosque.
FOCAL POINT :
the focal point of the delegation was to remind the U.S
president wilson and british P.M lloyd georges about the
speech the speech in the house of commons on january 6,
1918, by which he had pledge to maintain the sanctity and
freedom of the homelands of islam in arabia and turkey.
MEETING THE P.M:
Maulana met the prime minister lloyd george who was
known for his anti islamic sentiments .on maulanas
insistence that turkey should get justice lloyd replied with
visible satire and ridicule that the turkey should get justice in
a way similar to the berlin.the delegatio n was dissappointed
and disgraded and returned to india with no fruitful
results..maulana muhammad ali jauhar on returning said the
following words.
"the days of the empire are over but the british
commonwealth can survive if its broadbased on people
will ,history of ireland is before us and musalmans ca yet be
over won and tomorrow it would be too late in their cause as

well.
CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE OR NON COOPERATION
MOVEMENT:
GANDHIS ROLE:
after the khilafat delegation returned with no hope, Gandhi
came out in full support of khilafat movement and he was of
the view the non coperation was the only way for sawa
raj.gandhi saw his own benefits for congress and hindus and
to him it was the only movemnt that could bring the muslims
and sindus together and would amplify results of the strike.
1.the united protest of hindus and muslims would amplify
the pressure and the britishers would be forced to leave the
country.
2.to use khilafat agitation for pressing the government to to
come to terms for indian independence.
NON COOPERATION MOVEMENT:
After the unsuccessful visit to England the leaders of Khilafat
Movement realized the fact that British were not in the mood
to help them. Therefore, they realized that a new strategy
needed to be adopted in order to reinvigorate the zest and
zeal for freedom among a general populace. With this aim
they decided to launch a movement of Non Co-operation.
When the leaders of Khilafat movement announced the Non
Co-operation Movement, the Congress extended its full
support to the Khilafat Movement. The leaders of the two
met at Amritsar and resolved to launch a country wide
agitation under the leadership of Mr. Gandhi. The agitation
was against the British government. Mr gandhi said in the
session in nagpur" IF THE NONCOOPERATION
MOVEMENT GETS SUCCESSFUL, SWARAJ CAN BE
ATTAINED IN A YEAR"

TARK E MAWALAT:
the ullema hind issued a fatwa called as the tark e mawalat
which included the following parts.
1.

Renunciation of all Government titles.

2.

Boycott of legislature and court.

3.

Withdrawal of students from educational institutions.

4.

Resignation from government posts.

5.

General civil disobedience.

Hundreds of thousands people returned the titles and

stopped sending their children to government schools and
colleges. All those highly educated young men who could
have rose to high government positions bade farewell to
their bright future and accepted ordinary jobs in the private
sector. The vacuum created in government offices was
joyfully filled in by Hindus, while the Muslim government
employees willingly accepted starvation for the sake of the
Muslim cause.
MAJOR OUTCOMES:
1.Bihar vidyapeeth came into existence and the leaders of
indian movement started teaching in their pure indian
educational institutions.
2.the shops which sold foreign clothes were picketed and
was burned
3.anti indigo cultivations movements.
4.boycott of liqour in bihar
5.punabs akali movement.
POSITIVES OF KHILAFAT MOVEMENT:

1,congress became the party of common man that is of the

peasangts and farmers.
2.Charkha and khadi became the symbols of indian
nationalism.
3.economic glitch to britian
4.increasing pressure on the britishers.
HIJERAT MOVEMENT AND DAR UL HARB:
Maulan abu al kalam azad and maulama abdul bari the two
prominent khilafat leaders issued the fatwa that india was
dar ul harb menaing home of war.where the religion islam
and muslims were not safe and it would be difficult for
muslims to continue their religious practice and they urged
the muslims to migrate to a place where their image and
religion was not jeopardized.
MECHANISM:
Nazims were appointed in every big city and a central office
was established in Delhi known as Khuddam-ul-Muhajireen to
motivate Muslims for migration. Giving importance to the
announcement of Ulema most of the Muslims decided to
migrate to the nearest Muslim country Afghanistan, which
was thought a suitable for their shelter. Muslims of the Indian
sub-continent were unable to spend their life according to
teachings of Islam and Islamic culture under British rule.
Hijrat movement was considered such an important virtue
that the Muslims were not even made to hear a minor word
in opposition of the movement and it became so dominant
that even NMuslims sold their property and headed for
Kabul. A group of 750 Muslims Muhajireen form Sindh set out
for Kabul under the leadership of Barrister Jan Muhammad
Junejo. This group of Muslims received an enthusiastic

reception at every train station it passed; this enhanced the

vigor for migration amongst the Muslims of Punjab. The
popularity of movement can be determined from the fact the
more than thirty thousand Muslims had left for Kabul in the
second week of August 1920. The movement spread out to
the Frontier province and locals became more active to
surpass other in this sacred cause. The movement was
undertaken as religious significance. The rural areas of
N.W.F.P province such as Peshawar and Mardan were the
worst affected areas. The local Hindus motivated Muslims for
migration and started buying their land and cattle at throwaway price. A land worth of ten thousand was sold for one
hundred and a Bull worth of two hundred was sold for forty
rupees only. The carvans of emigrants who were moving
towards Afghanistan via Peshawar and Khyber Pass were
brought up and nourished by the locals. A proper setup was
made for their hospitality, donations from locals and
dedicated their time and energy for the help of refuges. A
Sarai at Namak Mandi Peshawar was reserved for the stay
and hospitalization of the emigrants. Majority of Muslims
leaders from N.W.F.P were in the favour of Hijrat movement
including, Abdul Ghaffar khan, Abbas khan, Muhammad
Akbar khan and Ali Gul khan and they themselves migrated
to Afghanistan with common refuges.
The migration took place at a large scale, a very large
number of people majorly from lower class of society, the
common people, the poor people left from India to
Afghanistan. The emigrants carried out their journey on foot
and carts because sources of transportation were not that
mush developed at that time. In the beginning the
Afghanistan government welcomed Indian Muslims and King
Amanullah ruler of Afghanistan appointed Muhammad Iqbal
Shedai as his minister for refuges. Afghan government later
on closed down their frontiers when they found flood of

refugees were coming would be too difficult for them to

handle. Even those who have managed to enter successfully
were spending miserable life and disgusted because
Afghanistan was a poor country and facing many internal
problems. The refugees came across so many hardships and
soon they were force to take a journey back home. Some of
the refugees went to Soviet Union and Europe.
CHAURI CHAURA INCIDENT:
the non coperation movement was in its full swing in the
north india . On Feb 4,1922 a gathering of 2000 people
picketed a liquor shop at chauri chaura, a small town near
gorkha pur , utterpardesh. the local administration sent
police to control the situation.the police to control the
situation tried to disperse the crowd by firing at it and fired
two shots in the air and so fire pelting started.the police fired
and killed 3 people . the rsult wa sthat outrageous mob set
the police station on fire and all 23 police men inside were
burnt to death.
MAJOR SETBACK TO KHILAFAT MOVEMENT:
he incident dealt a blow to the nonviolent noncooperation
movement led by Mahatma Gandhi, who denounced the
violence in Chauri Chaura and called off a campaign of civil
disobedience that he had been about to launch in Bardoli,
Gujarat state.
MOPLAH rebellion 0f 1921
Malabar is now part of the Indian state of Kerala, on the south
west coast of the Sub-Continent. Then it was a remote district in
the Madras Presidency, lying between the western slopes of the
Mysore Plateau, the Nilgiri Hills and the sea, well from the usual
areas where the average British soldier served in India.

The Moplah Rebellion, which took place in Malabar during 1921,

was a conflict rooted in religious revivalism among the Muslim
Moplahs. It was based on a deep disaffection with British rule,
and a burning sectarian resentment against the land owning
Hindu Nair community, who sided with the British. The rebellion
had a strong fundamental Islamic and espoused 'freedom from
the foreigners'.

Several political events precipitated the rebellion or Jihad but

amongst the Moplahs, a rumor spread that British rule had
collapsed and a successor to Mohammed had been taken power
in Delhi. On 20 August 1921, the first incident in the rebellion
took place at Tirurangadi, where the rebellion's initial focus was
against the limited British presence in the area. Arsonists took to
the street, burning and destroying Government property. The
British District Magistrate of Calicut, with the help of troops
attempted to arrest some armed Moplah leaders. The resulting in
clashes produced the first deaths and the British officials and
Planters and merchants were driven out of the area. The Moplahs
then focused their wrath on the Hindus. Massacres, forcible
conversions, desecration of temples, and other outrages followed.
The British regional government in Madras could see that the
'situation was beyond civil control' and requested that the Army
should therefore 'now take charge

END OF KHILAFAT MOVEMENT

Gandhis and congressial motive towards the whole
movement was based on non violence and after the violent
incidents of chauri chaura and moplan issue, Gandhi without
any consultation with the muslims league khilafat
movements leaders and called off the khilafat movement.
Secondly the khilafat movement was basically to protect the
khilafat aor ottomon empire from the hands of the britishers.
but after mustafa kamal ataturk, one of the muslim turkish

hero of that time abolished khilafat and laid the foundation

of a new progressive nationalist turkey.and th grand national
assembly of turkey abolished the institutuons of khilaafat
and the last sultan abdul majeed was banished from turkey.
muslims were degraded and sigusted both by the gandhi and
attaturks factor and gave up the movement.
REASONS OF FAILURE OF KHILAFAT MOVEMENT:
1.GANDHIS CALLINFG OF NON COPERATION
MOVEMENT AT A CRITICAL TIMING.
2.BANISHMENT OF KHILAFAT BY NEWLY EMERGED
MUSLIM HERO KAMAL ATATURK.
3.LEADER LESS MUSLIMS WHERE LEADERS WERE
ARRESTED IN JAILS
4.HINDU TEHREEEKS OG SHUDDI AND SANGHTAN
5. HIJERAT MOVEMNT DILEMMA
6.