Scissors

2 History

For other uses, see Scissors (disambiguation).

Scissors are hand-operated shearing tools. They consist

A pair of standard, large scissors

of a pair of metal blades pivoted so that the sharpened

edges slide against each other when the handles (bows)
opposite to the pivot are closed. Scissors are used for
cutting various thin materials, such as paper, cardboard,
metal foil, cloth, rope, and wire. A large variety of
scissors and shears exist for specialized purposes. Haircutting shears and kitchen shears are functionally equivalent to scissors, but the larger implements tend to be
called shears. Hair-cutting shears have a specic blade
angle ideal for cutting hair. Using the incorrect scissors
to cut hair will result in increased damage or split ends, or Scissors from the 2nd century Asia Minor
both, by breaking the hair. Kitchen shears, also known as
kitchen scissors, are for cutting and trimming foods such It is most likely that scissors were invented around 1500
BC in ancient Egypt.[1] The earliest known scissors apas meats.
peared in Mesopotamia 3,000 to 4,000 years ago. These
Modern scissors are often designed ergonomically with
were of the 'spring scissor' type comprising two bronze
composite thermoplastic and rubber handles which enblades connected at the handles by a thin, exible strip of
able the user to exert either a power grip or a precision
curved bronze which served to hold the blades in aligngrip.
ment, to allow them to be squeezed together, and to pull
them apart when released.

Spring scissors continued to be used in Europe until the

16th century. However, pivoted scissors of bronze or
iron, in which the blades were pivoted at a point between
the tips and the handles, the direct ancestor of modern
scissors, were invented by the Romans around AD100.[2]
They entered common use not only in ancient Rome, but
also in China, Japan, and Korea, and the idea is still used
in almost all modern scissors.

Terminology

The noun scissors is treated as a plural noun, and therefore takes a plural verb (these scissors are). Alternatively, it is also referred to as a pair of scissors. In
American English, a pair is singular and therefore takes
a singular verb (this pair of scissors is). In other forms
of English, a pair does not take the singular (so simply
these scissors are). The word shears is used to describe
similar instruments that are larger in size and for heavier
cutting. Opinions vary geographically as to the size at
which 'scissors become 'shears, but this is often at between six to eight inches (about 15 to 20 cm) in length.

It is often reported that Leonardo da Vinci invented

scissors. But the archaeological and historical evidence
seems to contradict that claim. Usually no evidence, such
as a drawing of scissors by da Vinci, is oered to support
the claim, which is an example of an unreal fact, similar
to an urban myth.
1

2.1

4 LEFT-HANDED SCISSORS

Early manufacture

During the Middle Ages and Renaissance, spring scissors

were made by heating a bar of iron or steel, then attening
and shaping its ends into blades on an anvil. The center of
the bar was heated, bent to form the spring, then cooled
and reheated to make it exible.

fulcrum as possible. For example, if the applied force

(at the handles) is twice as far away from the fulcrum as
the cutting location (i.e., the point of contact between the
blades), the force at the cutting location is twice that of
the applied force at the handles. Scissors cut material by
applying a local shear stress at the cutting location which
exceeds the materials shear strength.

The Hangzhou Zhang Xiaoquan Company in Hangzhou, Some scissors have an appendage, called a nger brace
China has been manufacturing scissors since 1663. [3]
or nger tang, below the index nger hole for the middle
William Whiteley & Sons (Sheeld) Ltd. was manufac- nger to rest on to provide for better control and more
turing scissors by 1760, although it is believed the busi- power in precision cutting. A nger tang can be found
ness began trading even earlier. The rst trade-mark, on many quality scissors (including inexpensive ones) and
332, was granted in 1791.[4] The company is still man- especially on scissors for cutting hair (see hair scissors
ufacturing scissors today, and is the oldest company in pictured below). In hair cutting, some claim the ring nger is inserted where some place their index nger, and
the West to do so.
the little nger rests on the nger tang.
Pivoted scissors were not manufactured in large numbers
until 1761, when Robert Hinchlie produced the rst pair For people who do not have the use of their hands,
of modern-day scissors made of hardened and polished there are specially designed foot operated scissors. Some
cast steel. He lived in Cheney Square, London and was quadriplegics can use a motorized mouth-operated style
reputed to be the rst person who put out a signboard of scissor.
proclaiming himself ne scissor manufacturer.[5]
During the 19th century, scissors were hand-forged with
elaborately decorated handles. They were made by hammering steel on indented surfaces known as bosses to
form the blades. The rings in the handles, known as bows,
were made by punching a hole in the steel and enlarging
it with the pointed end of an anvil.

4 Left-handed scissors

In 1649, in Swedish-ruled Finland, an ironworks was

founded in the village of Fiskars between Helsinki and
Turku. In 1830, a new owner started the rst cutlery
works in Finland, making, among other items, scissors
with the Fiskars trademark.

Description and operation

A pair of scissors consists of two pivoted blades. In

lower-quality scissors the cutting edges are not particularly sharp; it is primarily the shearing action between
the two blades that cuts the material. In high-quality scissors the blades can be both extremely sharp, and tension
sprung - to increase the cutting and shearing tension only
at the exact point where the blades meet. The hand movement (pushing with the thumb, pulling with the ngers in
right handed use) can add to this tension. An ideal example is in high-quality tailors scissors or shears, which
need to be able to perfectly cut (and not simply tear apart)
delicate cloths such as chion and silk.
Children's scissors are usually not particularly sharp, and
the tips of the blades are often blunted or 'rounded' for
safety.
Mechanically, scissors are a rst-class double-lever with
the pivot acting as the fulcrum. For cutting thick or heavy
material, the mechanical advantage of a lever can be exploited by placing the material to be cut as close to the

Left-handed (left) and right-handed (right) scissors

Most scissors are best-suited for use with the right hand,
but left-handed scissors are designed for use with the left
hand. Because scissors have overlapping blades, they are
not symmetric. This asymmetry is true regardless of the
orientation and shape of the handles: the blade that is
on top always forms the same diagonal regardless of orientation. Human hands are also asymmetric, and when
closing, the thumb and ngers do not close vertically, but
have a lateral component to the motion. Specically, the
thumb pushes out from the palm and the ngers pull inwards. For right-handed scissors held in the right hand,
the thumb blade is closer to the users body, so that the
natural tendency of the right hand is to force the cut-

3
ting blades together. Conversely, if right-handed scissors 7 Culture
are held in the left hand, the natural tendency of the left
hand would be to force the cutting blades laterally apart. Due to their ubiquity across cultures and classes, scissors
Furthermore, with right-handed scissors held by the right have numerous representations across world culture.
hand, the shearing edge is visible, but when they are used
with the left hand, the cutting edge of the scissors is behind the top blade, and one cannot see what is being cut. 7.1 Art
Some scissors are marketed as ambidextrous. These have
symmetric handles so there is no distinction between the
thumb and nger handles, and have very strong pivots
so that the blades simply rotate and do not have any lateral give. However, most ambidextrous scissors are in
fact still right-handed in that the upper blade is on the
right, and hence is on the outside when held in the right
hand. Even if they successfully cut, the blade orientation
will block the view of the cutting line for a left-handed
person. True ambidextrous scissors are possible if the
blades are double-edged and one handle is swung all the
way around (to almost 360 degrees) so that the back of
the blades become the new cutting edges. Patents (U.S.
Patent 3,978,584) have been awarded for true ambidextrous scissors.

Numerous forms of art worldwide enlist scissors as a

tool/material with which to accomplish the art. For cases
where scissors appear in or are represented by the nal
art product, see Commons:Category:Scissors in art.

7.2 Film
Edward Scissorhands is a 1990 lm starring Johnny
Depp as a young man who has hands made of multiple pairs of scissors.
Running with Scissors is a 2006 lm based on the
memoir of the same title.

7.3 Games

Specialized scissors

The game Rock-Paper-Scissors involves two or more

players making shapes with their hands to determine the
Among specialized scissors and shears used for dierent outcome of the game. One of the three shapes, 'scissors, is made by extending the index and middle ngers
purposes are:
to mimic the shape of most scissors.

5.1

Agriculture and animal husbandry

5.2

Food and drug

5.3

Grooming

In the horror game series, Clock Tower, There is a character called Scissorman, who has a variety of identities
as the main antagonist throughout the series. Scissorman
is a demonic serial killer with a giant pair of scissors and
will kill anyone without even showing a sign of mercy or
remorse.

5.4

Metalwork

7.4 Literature

5.5

Medical

5.6

Ceremonial

Augusten Burroughs' 2002 memoir Running with Scissors

spent eight weeks on the New York Times best seller list.
The book was later adapted into a lm.

5.7

Sewing and clothes-making

Scissors gallery
Chinese scissors, early to mid-Tang dynasty
A pair of iron scissors dating from the Han Dynasty
Fiskars scissors 1967
General purpose scissors
A pair of shears

7.5 Music
Running with Scissors is the title of a 1999 album by
Weird Al Yankovic.
The song The Tailor Shop on Enbizaka (
Enbizaka no Shitateya)" from Vocaloid producer
Akuno-P tells a story about a tailor that kills a man
and his family, whom she mistakes for her unfaithful lover and his three mistresses, using her sewing
scissors.
The XTC song Scissor Man, later covered by
Primus.

9
"Save Your Scissors" - song by City and Colour.

7.6

Sport

The term 'scissor kick' may be found in several sports,

including:

REFERENCES

7.8 Science
Scissors have been used in the sciences for various purposes, including descriptions of animals or natural features.

7.9 Nature

Scissor kick (strike), a generic martial arts term for

any of a number of moves that may resemble the Animals named after scissors include:
appearance or action of a pair of scissors.
Bicycle kicks in football are sometimes known as
'scissor kicks.

Birds
The scissor-tailed ycatcher of North and
Central America.

Swimming strokes including the sidestroke incorporate a leg movement often known as a 'scissor kick'.

7.7

The scissor-tailed hummingbird

The scissor-tailed kite, a bird that is
widespread throughout Africa.

Superstition

Scissors have a widespread place in cultural superstitions.

In many cases, the specics of the superstition may be
specic to a given country, region, tribe, religion or even
situation.

The scissor-tailed nightjar of South America.

Fish
The scissor-tail rasbora, a species of sh
that is commonly used for freshwater
aquariums.[11][12]

Africa
In parts of North Africa, it was held that scissors could be used to curse a bridegroom.
When the bridegroom was on horseback, the
person enacting the curse would stand behind
him with the scissors open and call his name.
If the bridegroom answered to his name being called, the scissors would then be snapped
shut and the bridegroom would be unable to
consummate his marriage with his bride.[8]

8 See also
Hemostat resembles a pair of scissors, but is used as
a clamp in surgery and does not cut at all.
Nippers cut small pieces out of tile.
Pliers used for holding and crimping metal or wire.

Asia
In Pakistan, some believe that scissors should
never be idly opened and closed without purpose. This is believed to cause bad luck.[9]
North America
United States
In New Orleans, some believed that
putting an open pair of scissors underneath your pillow at night was a sound
method for sleeping well, even if one
might be cursed.[10]
Eastern Europe
It is believed in some Eastern European countries that leaving scissors open causes ghts
and disagreement within a household.
China
It is believed in China that giving scissors to a
friend or loved ones is to be cutting ties with
them.

9 References
[1] Who Invented Scissors
[2] Zoom Inventors and Inventions
[3]
[4]
[5] REMINISCENCES OP SHEFFIELD Archived April 23,
2005 at the Wayback Machine
[6] Ernest Wright and Son Ltd Scissors : Kitchen Scissors
> Kitchen Scissors Traditional Design 7 inch. Ernestwright.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
[7] Ernest Wright and Son Ltd Scissors : Ceremonial, Presentation & Gift > Gold Ribbon Cutting Ceremonial Scissors. Ernestwright.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
[8] Encyclopedia of Superstitions 1949 - Edwin Radford,
Mona A. Radford - Google Boeken. Books.google.com.
Retrieved 2012-02-28.

[9] DJPianz (2011-05-04). Superstitions around the world:

Pakistan - Scissors. Worldsuperstitions.blogspot.com.
Retrieved 2012-02-28.
[10] NEW ORLEANS SUPERSTITIONS (1886) by Lafcadio Hearn. Sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
[11] Aquaticcommunity. Scissortail - Rasbora trilineata.
Aquaticcommunity.com. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
[12] Scissor Tail Rasbora - Rasbora trilineata. Fishlore.com.
Retrieved 2012-02-28.

10

10
10.1

TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

Text

Scissors Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scissors?oldid=686580023 Contributors: Tarquin, Andre Engels, Patrick, SGBailey, Paul
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Michael.sg..swagmasta and Anonymous: 587

10.2

Images

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10.3

Content license

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