Presentación Nextivity PDF

Smart Signal Booster
RS2 DUAL BAND
ENTRENAMIENTO CEL-FI
CHILE
3/27/2014
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
AGENDA
Formacin
Cel-Fi
1. Porqu soluciones de
cobertura interior?
2. Soluciones actuales
3. Repaso WCDMA
4. Detalles de Producto
5. Prestaciones
6. Puesta en Marcha
7. Anlisis de Pruebas y
Herramientas
8. Informacin Adicional
3/27/2014
LOS USUARIOS MOVILES DE DATOS SUPERAN A LOS FIJOS
3/27/2014
EL CELULAR SE USA ESENCIALMENTE EN INTERIORES
3/27/2014
TENDENCIA A UNA REDUCCION DE CONEXIONES FIJAS
3/27/2014
LA FISICA DE LA PENETRACION DE LAS SEALES EN EDIFICIOS
3/27/2014
HERRAMIENTAS PARA LA MEJORA DE COBERTURA INDOOR
DAS
FEMTOCELDAS
REPETIDORES CONVENCIONALES (BDA)
BOOSTERS INTELIGENTES
3/27/2014
DAS (Distributed Antenna Systems)
Muy costosos.
Requieren soluciones
completas de
Radiobase /Nodo B.
Eficiente en grandes
edificios de oficinas o
espacios pblicos.
3/27/2014
FEMTOCELDAS
Requiere conexin de
banda ancha (como
ADSL) + GPS.
Requiere
infraestructura de red.
Los dispositivos deben
registrarse.
Llamadas cadas por
Handoff.
Usuarios simultneos
fijos.
Algunas cuestiones de
interferencia.
3/27/2014
REPETIDORES CONVENCIONALES (BDAs)
Menor ganancia.
Pueden afectar a la
calidad de la red.
Instalacin complicada
Requiere permisos de
instalacin.
Ilegal en algunos
pases.
3/27/2014
10
CEL-FI
Alta ganancia.
No daa / afecta a la
red.
Cobertura all donde
se necesita.
Simplicidad.
Plug & Play.
3/27/2014
11
INTRODUCCION AL SISTEMA CEL-FI
3/27/2014
12
NEXTIVITY Inc.
Fundada en 2006, basada en San Diego, California
3/27/2014
Nextivity disea y desarrolla soluciones de cobertura celular para interior, carrier-grade,

as como el software y la tecnologa de los circuitos integrados sobre los que se
construyen.
La experiencia de nuestro equipo incluye ms de 20 start ups y grandes compaas
como Qualcomm, Broadcom, HP, Motorola o Intel
Nuestra sede est en San Diego, California, y tenemos oficinas de soporte y ventas en el
Reino Unido, Alemania y Singapur y a travs de partners en todo el mundo.
Hemos entregado cientos de miles de nuestros equipos Cel-Fi desde Julio de 2009 en
Europa, America, Asia, Orienter medio y frica.
En la actualidad le vendemos a ms de 137 operadores de ms de 66 pases.
13
3/27/2014
14
3/27/2014
15
Cel-Fi, Introduccin
Company Private - Nextivity
Cel-Fi
Minimal
Voice
Coverage
Company Private - Nextivity
INTRODUCCIN AL CONCEPTO CEL-FI
Una forma sencilla de llevar la cobertura completa al interior

Unidad de Ventana se sita en
el interior en el lugar en el que
se reciba algo de seal 3G
UMTS
Una solucin de dos

cajas proporciona la
cobertura all donde
realmente se
necesita.
La Unidad de Cobertura se
sita donde se necesita
mejorar la cobertura
3/27/2014
18

Unidad de Ventana se sita en
el interior en el lugar en el que
se reciba algo de seal 3G
UMTS
Un enlace inalmbrico de 5 GHz

conecta la UV y UC (30 MHz FDD)
Una solucin partida

proporciona
cobertura all donde
realmente se
necesita.
La conexin en 5GHz
permite una
instalacin fcil y
flexible. Plug&Play
real.
La Unidad de Cobertura se
sita donde se necesita
mejorar la cobertura
3/27/2014
19

La Unidad de Ventana se sita
en el interior en el lugar en el
que se reciba algo de seal 3G
UMTS
Uplink
Downlink
5 GHz Wireless Link

Cobertura de hasta 1200 m2
connects WU and CU
para tres canales UMTS
(30 MHz FDD)
Cel-Fi
Coverage
Unitusa
is control
placed automtico de ganancia y una
cancelacin rpida de eco para mantener
where coverage
it needed
Una solucin partida

proporciona
cobertura all donde
realmente se
necesita.
La conexin en 5GHz
permite una
instalacin fcil y
flexible. Plug&Play
real.
Puede retransmitir
hasta 3 canales
UMTS de 5MHz en
una o dos bandas.
constantemente la mxima ganancia.
3/27/2014
Nextivity Confidential
20

La Unidad de Ventana se sita en el
interior en el lugar en el que se
reciba algo de seal 3G UMTS
(mnimo 104 dBm RSCP)
Uplink
Downlink
5 GHz Wireless Link

Cobertura de hasta 1200 m2
connects WU and CU
para tres canales UMTS
(30 MHz FDD)
100 dB de ganancia de sistema
Cel-Fi
Coverage
Unitusa
is control
where coverage
it needed
Una solucin partida

proporciona
cobertura all donde
realmente se
necesita.
La conexin en 5GHz
permite una
instalacin fcil y
flexible. Plug&Play
real.
Puede retransmitir
hasta 3 canales
UMTS de 5MHz en
una o dos bandas.
100 dB de ganancia
3/27/2014
21
SEGURO Y CON ALTA GANANCIA

La Unidad de Ventana decodifica la
seal de la red como un terminal , y
emplea esa informacin para evitar
interferencias a la red cuando hay
llamadas y apaga el Uplink cuando no hay
actividad
Uplink
Downlink
Seguro para la red en
5 GHz Wireless Link
cualquier condicin
connects WU and CU
(30 MHz FDD)
Un sistema de alta
ganancia que funcione
con seales muy
dbiles, ofreciendo
cobertura a toda una
casa mediante una
arquitectura
completamente
Plg&Play, no poda
hacerse sin crear un
nuevo tipo de booster.
El Booster Inteligente
Cel-Fi
Coverage
Unitusa
is control
where coverage
it needed
3/27/2014
22
23
Module 2
WCDMA Basics
In this module you will

learn some WCDMA
concepts, how signals are
measured, and other
important factors for
understanding networks
24
REDES 3G (UMTS)
3/27/2014
25
Introduction and General Overview
WCDMA
GSM
GSM
Each user gets a time slot in
a 200kHz shared channel,
and adjacent cells use
different channels to limit
interference
5 MHz Allocation
(UMTS)
Single
UARFCN
(channel
number)
WCDMA
All users share the
entire 5MHz channel,
and encoding tell
them apart
Users separated by Time and Frequency,

Cells separated by frequency
Users separated by Coding. Cells

separated by Scrambling Code
26
This is an example of synchronous Walsh coding. The original CDMA systems

used 64 codes that could support 64 channels (Pilot + 63 Calls for example)
+1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1
+1
-1 -1 -1 -1 +1 +1 -1
-1
0 -2 -2 0 0 +2 0
-2
-1 -1 -1 -1 +1 +1 -1
-1
0 -2 -2 0 0 +2 0
-2
+1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1
+1
+1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1
-1
0 +2 -2 0 0 -2 0
+2
+1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1
-1
+1 -1 -1 +1 -1 +1 +1
-1
+1 +1 -1 -1 -1 -1 +1
+1
1
27
The Pilot Channel is a special

Beacon signal of constant
power from the cell (Node B)
User 1
Encoding
Network
Controls
Control
Channels
Pilot
PILOT
CODING
User 1
Traffic Load
The Pilot, Network control, and

User Traffic is encoded and all
added together and transmitted
(the shared channel).
Constant Pilot Power
All Users
Summed
All User
Traffic Load
More users = More channel

power as the shared channel
loads up with user traffic
28
RSSI is the total in-channel power that the Mobile receives. But we know it is made up
of different sub-channels so how do we measure it?
Scenario 1 (Only the Pilot and some Control Channels)
Each sector transmits a certain power. Suppose in our example we have a pilot channel power setting
of 2 W (10% of max sector power), and the power of other control channels also at 2 W.
To make it easier to understand, we calculate the Ec/Io (pilot channel power to total power) of this
sector in a situation of no busy traffic channel (0 W).
Thus we have:
Ec = 2 W
Io = 0 + 2 + 2 = 4 W
Ec/Io = (2/4) = 0.5
Converting to dB we have
Ec/Io = 10log(0.5) = - 3dB
29
Scenario 2 (The Pilot and some Control Channels and User traffic)
Now assume that several traffic channels are busy (eg. use 4 W for traffic channels). This is a
situation of traffic load and Ec/Io is affected.
Thus we have:
4W
Ec = 2 W
Io = 4 + 2 + 2 = 8 W
Ec/Io = (2/8) = 0.25
Ec/Io = 10log(0.25) = - 6dB
Conclusion: As the traffic load in the cell increases, the Ec/Io worsens. The mobile
sees the same ratio, regardless of signal strength (until other noise interferes)
If the mobile were to receive a -90 dBm signal in this single Node B case (no other cells), then
Ec = -90 dBm + (-6 dB) = -96 dBm (the actual received Pilot signal level, or RSCP)
30
Scenario 3 (Now consider interference from other cells as seen by the mobile)
In this scenario we have five cells being received equally by the mobile (-90 dBm each), and for
simplicity all have the same channel characteristics.
4W
4W
Now we have:
4W
4W
4W
Ec/Io = (2/40) = 0.05

Ec/Io = 10log(0.05) = - 13dB
Io = -83 dBm (which is the sum of five signals of -90 dBm). And the power of our pilot channel
remains the same (Ec = -96 dBm).
Conclusion: The more cells the Mobile sees, the worse Ec/Io becomes. This may be used
constructively if in Soft Handoff, but otherwise the other cells can cause interference
31
Each Cell is identified by its scrambling Code
Another level of encoding is

performed to differentiate
between cells that are sharing
the same frequency channel.
The mobile communicates with
the cells in the Active Set
(usually 1 to 3), and it
otherwise keeps track of the
Monitored Set (candidates).
76
24
173
485
176
79
27
32
Loading on each cell is also different, depending on how

people are using the cells at any given time
The Ec/Io that the mobile sees
on the channel will depend on
the cells whose channels are
being boosted. Note that
specific cells cannot be rejected
(not boosted) by their SC. But
antenna selectivity can filter
out unwanted cells IF this
proves to be a problem for a
particular installation.
76
24
173
485
176
79
27
Heavily
Loaded
Lightly
Loaded
33
What are the easily measured channel components to measure?
RSCP = RSSI [Ec/Io]

where
RSSI (Total Power in Channel)

(Received Signal Strength Indication)
RSCP (Power of just Pilot)

(Received Signal Code Power)
Ec/Io is the Pilot Signal/Interference

(Literally how buried the Pilot is in the loaded Channel)
RSCP is used to measure the

signal level and therefore
Coverage, because as we
have seen it is a constant
Pilot transmit channel from
each cell.
RSSI and Ec/Io are variables
that change constantly due
to channel loading from all
the users
Ec/Io (or Ec/No) helps us
understand interference
levels
34
For WCDMA coding to work, downlink channels have similar power levels based
on channel requirements, so each channel can successfully be decoded
Node B
Same power to user 1

Downlink is easier
Same power to user 2
Because users are at different distances from the tower, their Uplink channels
wont arrive to the tower at the right power unless Uplink power is managed
Node B
Node B sees same Power

Uplink is harder
Node B sees same Power
Less TX Power
From User 1
More TX Power
From User 2
Each handset in idle mode must calculate the pathloss so it does not blast the
tower with too much power and cause call drops etc. for other users.
35
A handset measures the CPICH Pilot power it receives (RSCP) from the Node B (tower), and
it reads the BCH SIB5 message to know the Node B transmit power
Pilot Channel
The tower signal attenuates over distance
Broadcast Channel (BCH) My TX power is x dBm
The BCH broadcasts other important cell information such as Network ID (PLMN-ID)
Knowing the original towers transmit power, and the receive power, allows the handset to
easily calculate the Pathloss from the tower: (DL Pathloss) = (CPICH Tx Power) (CPICH RSCP)
Educated guess at the Uplink power needed
Then the handset can make a good guess at the uplink transmit power needed to reach the
Node B during access events, so it does not cause interference at the node B (noise rise)
36
In WCDMA, the Channel is shared by all users and it is made up of many

encoded sub-channels.
The simplest RF parameters for a mobile to measure are
RSSI (total received power in the channel)
Ec/Io (interference loading of the channel)
RSCP (power of the constant Pilot, useful for measuring Coverage)
The single cell worst case Ec/Io, assuming 10% allocated to the Pilot, is -10 dB.
Values below that are caused by other interferences (other cells, random noise)
Each cell is identified by its Scrambling Code (SC)
Each cell may be loaded differently depending on how people use the cell
Coding works because power control keeps all users at same relative RX power
37
Module 3
Cel-Fi
Product Details and
why being Smart
matters
This module goes into
detail about Cel-Fi
features, functions
and specifications
38
A Smart Booster is
A low power access point offering high gain (>70 dB) and
whole-home coverage
Unconditionally Network Safe and therefore improves RF
capacity and provides consumers peace of mind
Featuring edge-based Self-Organizing Networking intelligence
allowing it to dynamically reconfigure itself in response to
network changes such as spectrum re-farming and technology
migrations
Completely installable by the end user
Smart Signal Boosters embraced by regulators as a

fundamentally network safe technology providing
exceptional public value
OFCOM (UK), FCC (USA), ACMA (Australia) etc.

Within the new FCC rules for boosters, smart signal boosters
are allowed higher gain higher performance compared to
standard wide-band signal boosters => higher levels of
consumer satisfaction possible with Smart Signal Boosters
39
Under The Hood
5 GHz unlicensed UNII link,Repeated WCDMA signal,

3 MHz FDD
with up to
Up to three 5 MHz carriers of
100 dB system gain
WCDMA MacroComplies
Network with
SignalETSI EN301 893 V1.4.1
(2005-08) (v1.5.1 for DFS)
Nextivity Cel-Fi is a True 3-Hop Solution

Total End to end signaling delay is less than 7.5 uS
The rach receiver on the front of the base station handset have a 20 uS Window.
Thus signals sent and received by Cel-Fi appear to be just another multi-path.
Nextivity Confidential Jan 2012
40
Under The Hood

True Plug and Play
Very Simple User Self-Installation
Automatic Frequency Gain Control
Feedback Cancellation / Oscillation
Co-Existence Algorithms
41
Under The Hood

Advanced Antenna System
True Plug and Play
Four Sector, High-Gain Antennas

Automatic Sector Selection
No Head or body Loss
5+ dB Gain over User Device Alone

42
Cel-Fi has four high gain directional antennas in the Window

Unit that are much more sensitive than a handset
Each antenna has a 90 degree coverage angle.
At power up, the RSCP levels of the serving Node B(s) are
measured on all 4 antennas, and the antenna with the best
signal is selected automatically.
Only one of the 4 internal antennas is used at any given
time, this use of a directional antenna helps reduce pilot
pollution from neighboring cells.
The Window Unit updates the antenna selection:
1. if there is a measured percentage drop in the RSCP level.
This could happen:
a. If the Window Unit is re-oriented.
b. If the service Node B goes off air or has a change in
power level.
2. once every 24 hours. This will allow the Cel-Fi to

automatically adjust to changes in the network
43
Under The Hood

True Plug and Play


Network Safe Operation

Real-Time Node B RSSI, RSCP & PL Estimation
Node B Noise Rise Avoidance
Automatic Uplink Gating When Inactive
PLMN-ID Detection for Secure Use
44

Units are factory provisioned with a table of UARFCNs & PLMN IDs
Multiple UARFCNS and PLMNs allowed when an operator deploys multiple
carriers, or has an MVNO relationship
Intelligent Carrier Selection

The Window Unit (WU) detects the presence and strength of the signal (RSSI)
for each UARFCN
The WU reads the BCH and decodes the MIB to obtain the operator PLMN ID
The WU then runs an algorithm to select the 5MHz Carrier to use
Measure downlink pathloss on CPICH

Cel-Fi WU reads CPICH Tx power from SIB5
Cel-Fi WU measures CPICH RSCP received
(DL Pathloss) = (CPICH Tx Power) (CPICH RSCP)
Gain Limited
(Gain limit) = (DL Pathloss) (Safety Margin (33dB for RS2 and 28dB for RS2))
This protects the uplink from unnecessary noise rise
For example when the DL pathloss is relatively low and the system gain is high
45
Under The Hood

True Plug and Play


Power Savings
Decreased Downlink Power Requirement

Decreased Uplink Power Requirement
Longer UE Battery Life
Reduced Specific Absorption Rate (SAR)
Real-Time Node B RSSI, RSCP & PL Estimation

Node B Noise Rise Avoidance
Automatic Uplink Gating When Inactive
PLMN-ID Detection for Secure Use
46
The potential of a booster causing a noise rise gets worse for Small Cells,
which are cells with lower power and coverage, designed to fill in coverage
holes or offload heavy local data traffic (i.e. train stations).
A Smart Booster that can read the BCH will scale back on UL power so the
small cell is not harmed. But a booster that cannot read the BCH can
transmit at too much uplink gain/power and completely swamp the small
cell receiver.
43 dBm CPICH EIRP is typical
of a Macrocell, while Small
Cells can be 1 Watt ( 30 dBm)
or less. Without the ability to
read the BCH CPICH Tx
power, a Booster can easily
overload a cell.
& DAS
47
Available in single or dual band

configurations
Supports UMTS bands 1,2,4,5,8
Can relay 3 UMTS 5MHz Chs (HSPA+)
Plug and Play w/internal antennas
DownLink Power +14.7 dBm max composite
External Antenna option
Uplink Power max +26.2 dBm composite
Coverage up to 1200 square meters
Up to 100 dB System Gain
Echo Cancelation and feedback control
System Delay 7 micro-seconds adjustable
3GPP Rel. 8 Compliant
Supply 100-240 VAC, 17 watts per unit max
0-40 C Indoor Use
Only Operators
Channels Boosted
ON/OFF Control through network
48
Cellular Technology Generations 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G/LTE

Cel-Fi RS2
RS31
1G
2G
2.5G
3G
3.5G
4G/LTE
Implemented
1970s
1991
1999
2002
2006
2010
Services
Voice Data
(CS) Circuit
Switched
CS Voice
& Data
SMS
Voice
Packet
Data
Higher
capacity
Multimedia
Higher rates
& dual
channel
Standards
AMPS TACS
NMT
D-AMPS
IS-95
GSM
HSCSD
GPRS
EDGE
UMTS
HSPA
HSPA+
LTE &
LTE Advanced
Data Rate
1.9 kbps
9.6 kbps
(14.4 kbps)
57.6 kbps
(384
kbps)
144 kbps
(2Mbps)
168 Mbps
22Mbps
168 Mbps
22Mbps
Technology
FDMA
FDMA
TDMA
CDMA
FDMA
TDMA
CDMA
WCDMA
WCDMA
OFDM
RS3 expected to be available in the first half of 2014
49
Cel-Fi (WU TX) channels
Cel-Fi(CU TX) channels
Router
uses these
channels
Routers
use these
channels
or more
802.11 N 40MHz channel four available channels
802.11AC 80 MHz channel two available channels

Cel-Fi- 26 MHz Channel. WU Transmits on Low Band, CU transmits on High Band
50
Enables remote control (shut-down) of Cel-Fi based on Broadcast Parameters

Different capabilities are available, simple and advanced
Simple Implementation:
The Cel-Fi listens for PreambleRetransMax value in SIB5 to be shut down and any
other value to re-enable. E-7 is displayed on Coverage Unit.
E.g. set shut-down value PreambleRetransMax = 13 to disable all Cel-Fi units in a cell
Advanced Implementation:
Complex commands are encoded within URA-IDs within SIB2
Serial number of specific Cel-Fi unit to
shut down
Add specific Cel-Fi units to a group
Shut down all Cel-Fi units in a group /
not in a group
Etc...
Use BuildRemoteCmd.exe to generate
commands
51
Network operator has six channels

in one UMTS band
RSCP Delta
Minimum RSCP Threshold
10 dB
-104 dBm
Boost best PLMN only
TRUE
PLMN-ID: 234-30
UARFCN1
UARFCN2
UARFCN3
UARFCN4
UARFCN5
UARFCN6 (new)
Valid PLMN-ID
234-30
Frequency List
DL
-ve UARFCN +ve UARFCN
UARFCN search delta search delta
0
2
Uarfcn1
0
0
Uarfcn2
0
0
Uarfcn3
0
0
Uarfcn4
0
0
Uarfcn5
Priority
Normal
Normal
Normal
High
High
Filter
Bandwidth
5MHz
5MHz
5MHz
5MHz
5MHz
UARFCN1+2ve exists at a border region

UARFCN6 is newly deployed but was not
in the original configuration
52
If a Cel-Fi is placed in an area with the following received channels

UARFCN
Band
Priority
RSCP(dBm) RSCP+10? Relayed?
Logic behind Decision
Uarfcn1+2ve
Normal
-87
NA
Yes
This UARFCN sets the highest signal level and was +2 ve
Uarfcn2
Normal
-88
NA
Yes
This UARFCN is the second highest w/in 10 dB
Uarfcn3
Normal
-92
NA
No
w/in 10dB of highest but #4 wins due to priority
Uarfcn4
High
-96
-86
Yes
Wins because it's w/in 10dB and gets 10 dB priority
Uarfcn5
High
-98
NA
No
Not w/in 10 dB of max measured RSCP (priority ignored)
Uarfcn6
Undiscovered
-89
NA
No
Undiscovered because Cel-Fi found 3 UARFCN's
Received BAND 1 Signal RSCP (dBm)

10 dB Window
Set by -87 dBm
strongest signal
-87
-88
-92
With 10 dB
Priority
Advantage
-96
Uarfcn1+2ve
-87
-86
Uarfcn2
Uarfcn3
10 dB Window
-89
New
undiscovered
Channel
measured
-98
Uarfcn4
Uarfcn5
-97
Uarfcn6
53
UNIDAD DE VENTANA
Indicador de estado
Rejilla de
ventilacin
Indicador de nivel de seal

3/27/2014
56
UNIDAD DE VENTANA, VISTA INFERIOR
3/27/2014
57
UNIDAD DE COBERTURA
Indicador de posicin
Indicador numrico
Indicador de estado
Rejilla de ventilacin
3/27/2014
58
UNIDAD DE COBERTURA, VISTA INFERIOR
3/27/2014
59
Module 4
Cel-Fi
Performance
This module shows
analytical data on the
performance of Cel-Fi
60
Data rate & Power Savings

Given that the power level of a mobile network is fixed and throughput depends on the
portion of power allocated to a user; Cel-Fi will increase the number of data users per cell
because it reduces the power required for each user to achieve a target data rate.
Indoor users consume more
capacity and get lower data
rates than outdoor users
Outdoor users can get

higher data rates further
away from the cell
Cel-Fi Makes Indoor Users
Look Like Outdoor Users
3/27/2014
61
Noise Floor dBm
Date
Node B Noise
Floor before
adding Cel-Fis
Node B Noise
Floor with Many
Cel-Fis
62
Location:
Terminal 2, Jakarta, Indonesia
Baggage Claim Area
Operator:
Axis Indonesia has a cooperation

with
Cellular
King
Shop.
Unfortunately Axis doesnt have 3G
coverage in the location of the
Cellular King Shop. There are 3 cell
sites serving the area around the
airport, but no DAS or PICO
BTS/NodeB system is installed.
Based on field survey of deployed Intelligent Boosters in USA and Ireland
63
TEMS Test Results:

RSCP without Cel-Fi
RSCP with Cel-Fi
Result: While without Cel-Fi there is no 3G coverage in the area of the Cellular King Shop at all, with
Cel-Fi installed the 3G coverage in the area in & around the shop is excellent and also large parts of
the baggage claim area are now well covered by Axis 3G.
64
TEMS Test Results:

EcNo without Cel-Fi
EcNo with Cel-Fi
Result: In line with the RSCP measurement also EcNo can only be measured in an area far away
from the Cellular shop when Cel-Fi is not installed. With Cel-Fi the 3G users in the area in & around
the Cellular Shop can experience now acceptable EcNo values on their Axis 3G voice & data calls.
65
Location:
Binjai8 Premium SOHO
Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia
39th & 40th floor
China Julong
Operator:
China Julong Corporation owns the entire 39th

Floor (8 units) and the Penthouse suite of the
SOHO development Binjai8 in the center of
KL. There is limited to non mobile coverage in
large parts of their property and call drops
occur regularly.
66
TEMS Test Results: RSCP without Cel-Fi
Case Study: Cel-Fi @ Binjai8, Kuala Lumpur

67
TEMS Test Results: Ec/No without Cel-Fi
Case Study: Cel-Fi @ Binjai8, Kuala Lumpurr

68

69
TEMS Test Results: RSCP with Cel-Fi

70

71
TEMS Test Results: RSCP with Cel-Fi

72
TEMS Test Results: Ec/No with Cel-Fi

73
Module 5
Cel-Fi
Placement
This module reviews
optimum placement of
Cel-Fi Window and
Coverage Units for best
performance
74
Step 1: Use a 3G handset to find the best

3G (WCDMA) donor signal location for the Window Unit
3G
3G
3G
2G
2G
2G
2G
Note: 2G signals are not candidates
75
Step 2: Plug in the Window Unit and observe signal Bars
Window Unit Display
1 Bar is enough, but more is better

Cel-Fi setup must be complete for the WU bars to be accurate
The number of WU bars may vary throughout the day
76
Step 3: Place the Coverage Unit where coverage is needed and

observe the displayed number (0-9, 9 = more gain).
New Coverage
Coverage Unit Display

Note the lower coverage number (5). CU Tx
power scaled to prevent feedback at WU
77
Step 4: Move the Coverage Unit is it results in better coverage
More Coverage

Note the Higher coverage number (8). CU Tx
power increased due to WU-CU separation
78
Step 5: Check Coverage by RSCP
3G
3G
3G
Coverage
You
should Unit
now Display
have 3G (WCDMA) coverage in most areas of the home.
This signal level will decrease as you move further from the CU and the
benefit is minimum at the Window Unit (on purpose to prevent feedback)
79
In this situation there seems to be coverage but the service quality

is poor due to interference from many cells (Pollution)
Service not
reliable here
even though
bars
3G
3G
3G
Heavy
Interference
(Pollution)
Cel-Fi
80
What is Pilot Pollution?

High CPICH reception levels from many
Cells, (more than MAX_ACTIVE_SET)
Pilot count (
Ec Ec
threshold ) AS size
N 0 N 0 serving
35
30
25
Number 20
Numbers of
of 15
Samples
Samples 10
Too many
Pilots
SC 173
0
173
76
485
79
24
SC of Pilots
SC 76
Number
of
Samples
Better
173
485
76
24
79
SC 485
SC 24
SC 79
82
Cel-Fi helps create a best server situation

High CPICH reception levels from many
Cells, (more than MAX_ACTIVE_SET)
Pilot count (
Ec Ec
threshold ) AS size
N 0 N 0 serving
35
30
25
Number 20
Numbers of
of 15
Samples
Samples 10
Without
Cel-Fi
SC 173
0
173
76
485
79
24
SC of Pilots
SC 76
With
Cel-Fi
Number
of
Samples
Interfering cells now

too low to display
173
485
76
24
79
SC 485
SC 24
SC 79
83
If interference is so bad that call quality suffers, a

booster can improve service for the smaller area
where it dominates the signal level
Signal Level
Coverage Based on Dominance
There is no sponge to
remove interference. You
can only try and
overcome it!
S/N
S/N
Cel-Fi signal =
Interference
Smaller Coverage
High Interference
Larger Coverage
Low Interference
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Coverage Distance from Booster

84
Recommend Only if needed: Select WU location by Ec/Io & SC

SC:480
SC:194
194
SC:480
SC:194
480
194
SC:480
SC:194
194
The situation before Cel-Fi

where the network prefers
Cell 194 for data due to Ec/Io
Here, Cel-Fi placement causes
Cell 480 to boost, and 480
and 194 MIGHT interfere (fine
for Voice, maybe not Data)
This placement allows Cel-Fi
to boost the Dominant Cell
without contributing to
data session interference
85
In some cases multiple Cel-Fi systems may be installed in

the same location to:
Add to capacity (two Cel-Fis for same Operator)
Add another Operator (two Cel-Fis for different
Operators)
Use different single band Cel-Fis
Serial linking of two systems to extend coverage
deep into a structure (serial configuration)
Cover a much larger area (business complex, large
store)
Special installations are outside of the scope of the Cel-Fi

Quick Install Guide
86
Add these rules when installing many Cel-Fi Systems

The concepts of installing multiple Cel-Fi systems is more
thoroughly covered in a Tech Bulletin (available upon
request). But here are some of the basics:
Cel-Fi is unconditionally stable when deployed in mass (they will

sense each other and mutually scale back on gain to prevent
feedback). So maximize each system potential by preventing
feedback scenarios (WU1 close to CU2 etc., see examples).
The WU-CU wireless link may be affected by high numbers of 5GHz
Wi-Fi nodes if used. Separation helps (1 meter minimum)
Due to strong RF variations in commercial environments, a CU-7
may be better than an 8 or 9 (room for fluctuations)
Install one system at a time (others powered OFF) so the CU#
properly references the coverage potential.
No more than two WUs or two CUs should be placed next to each
other (1 meter minimum separation)
Longer UNII setup times may result as many channels are
attempted and regulatory compliance completed on each.
If any red light indications occur, redeploy and test again.
87
Large Commercial Space
9000 Square Meters

88
Now lets place the Cel-Fi Pairs

(Remember Cel-Fi Pairs have same Serial Number)
CU1
Cel-Fi 1
WU1
89

CU2
CU1
Cel-Fi 2
WU2
WU1
90

CU3
Cel-Fi 3
WU3
CU2
WU2
CU1
WU1
91
GOOD! Systems well placed in pairs

(Performance is maximum for each system)
CU2 is closer to its
companion WU2 than WU1
or WU3 (less pathloss)
(same for all Cel-Fis)
CU3
WU3
CU2
WU2
CU1
WU1
NOTE: It is really RF Pathloss and not distance that matters

92

(Performance is maximum for each system)
CU3
WU3
WU2 is closer to its

companion CU2 than
CU1 or CU3
(same for all Cel-Fis)
CU2
WU2
CU1
WU1
93

(OK to have up to two same devices together)
CU3
WU3
CU2
CU1
WU2 WU1
OK (2 max with 1 meter apart)

94
NOT AS GOOD! Coupling: Reduces Performance to prevent feedback

(Performance is NOT maximum for each system)
WU2
WU1
CU3
WU3
CU1
WU2 is closer to CU3 than
its companion CU2, AND
WU2 will see CU3 more
than Macrocell
CU2
95
NOT AS GOOD! Coupling: Reduces Performance to prevent feedback

(Performance is NOT maximum for each system)
WU2
WU1
CU3
WU3
CU1
WU1 is closer to CU2 than

its companion CU1
(Gain will be reduced)
CU2
96
WU CU separation distance can be extended due to reflective metal in

commercial building floors and ceilings, as compared to a house. While this
extends coverage, it can also limit signal penetration between floors.
WU
CU
Typical Home with 20

meters between units for
maximum boost.
Commercial construction
WU
CU
97
A loop is where a signal goes through Cel-Fi 1, into Cel-Fi 2 then back into Cel-Fi 1.
In this situation Cel-Fi will still work but the coverage footprint will be reduced.
WU#1
CU#1
CU#2
WU#2
98
Two Window Units may be collocated if separated by 1 meter. Also install each
system such that their CU# is roughly the same.
99
Commercial construction techniques usually employ concrete and metal

flooring structures that can greatly reduce radio propagation between the
floors. The solution is to deploy one or more Cel-Fi units on each floor or
every other floor.
WU 4
WU 3
WU 2
CU 4
CU 3
CU 2
WU 1
CU 1
100
Each Cel-Fi system is for a different Operator
WU 1
WU 2
CU 1
CU 2
101
In nearly all cases the simple plug and play install procedure is the way to go
THIS MEANS ONLY CONSIDER RSCP SIGNAL LEVEL BECAUSE IT CAN BE TRUSTED
If Ec/Io of the newly covered areas is not about the same or improved, consider
placing the Window Unit based on Ec/Io and cell dominance (by Scrambling
Code). But because Ec/Io varies, this method can give temporary results.
THIS MEANS DO NOT USE THIS METHOD UNLESS YOU MUST, BECAUSE RESULTS
MAY BE TEMPORARY (Ec/Io is highly variable!!!)
The coverage area size is mostly determined by the separation distance between
the Window and Coverage Units. NOTE A stronger donor signal helps too
Multiple Unit installs are not covered in the Quick Start Guide and special rules
apply (see section on Installing Multiple Cel-Fi Systems)
102
Module 6
Trials, Tools
& Analysis
This module reviews
how to properly test
and analyze Cel-Fi
using commonly
available support tools
103
YES!
Nextivity Recommends a test location where RSCP is -90 dBm

for testing Cel-Fi or any competing product. This allows full
System Gain range while being a typically poorly covered area.
In order to collect meaningful data from a trial or
demonstration, select a suitable test location where:
the WCDMA signal level (RSCP) is poor to non-existent
throughout most of the test area before Cel-Fi
there is a location in the test area where a suitable
donor WCDMA signal exists (-90 dBm is a good target)
NO
If the signal level is too strong throughout the test area before
Cel-Fi, then the difference Cel-Fi makes will be difficult to
accurately judge against the high levels of variable RF that are
present.
104
It is also important to collect meaningful data

and Nextivity recommends the following:
CU
WU
With Cel-Fi
RSCP (Coverage improvement)

Ec/Io (Channel Loading during test +
Interference)
Dominance (serving cells by Scrambling
Code)
Always note the booster locations on the
plots
Include the number of bars displayed
on the Window Unit and the Coverage
Unit number.
Indoor data position plots (walk testing) are also
very useful when understanding the data.
105
There are a number of tools available for taking measurements

Professional Tools such as TEMS
A wealth of information
Built in Reporting
Require Training
Expensive
Field Test Modes & Apps on Handsets

Field Test Mode (free)
Basic Information
Cant Export Data
No standard (varies by model)
Applications (programs)
Low or no cost
Some statistics
Some can export data
106
Professional Tools have it all.

Can pull data from a number of device types
Can be used with Pilot scanner hardware for
collecting much more network optimization data
Large amounts of data on many parameters can
be collected
Automated reporting and plot generation
Devices must be configured and there are addon costs for just about everything
Can import building layouts for in building
position plots of data
For more information please see the manuals
supplied with the Professional Data Collection Tool
107
Most handsets and some data modems come with hidden menus for diagnostics.
They are usually accessed by dialing or inputting a particular code.
How to find the FTM for your handset? Just do a web search for Field Test Mode
followed by the make and/or model of your handset.
Here is the method for iPhones (that forces
regular data updates):
Dial any number to set up a call (and keep the
call up)
Press the add a call button on the keypad so
you can dial again
Dial *3001#12345#* and press Call to enter the
FTM screen
Now in the menu its UMTS>Neighbors>Active
Set>0 etc.
108
iPhones menu tree guide:

UMTS Call Environment
Neighbor Cells
UMTS Set or Active Set
Now choose the top down
channels being received to view
info like RSCP, Energy per chip
(Ec/Io) and Scrambling Code,
and UARFCH (UMTS Channel
Number equating to a
Frequency)
NOTE:
Each handset model may
name fields differently.
Here DL frequency is
actually UARFCN and
Energy per Chip = Ec/Io
109
Different apps are available for different handsets and Operating Systems and
here are some examples. Note that since these are not professional tools, they
do not average high numbers of samples, but they can be very useful (and
cheap!)
Speedtest.org
Real Signal
xSignal
Results depend largely on

network loading during
the tests, and server used
Can export logs and

display Ec/Io graphically
Can export logs
110
UNII
Micro USB
Cable
RedHawk lets you load

software or configuration
files using a PC, the
RedHawk program, a
micro USB cable, and an
internet connection.
111
WU Adapter
Cable
GetCelFiCfg is a program to
easily check configurations
112
WU Adapter
Cable
Micro USB
Cable
Commander lets you observe what Cel-Fi is seeing and doing

Donor Signal metrics (RSCP, RSSI, UARFCN, PSC)
UNII Metrics (Channels, Signal Levels)
General (Relay state, System Gain)
Collect Performance Logs
113
Module 7
Additional
Information
114
Cel-Fi has more gain that any other Booster. So

under most circumstances Cel-Fi will out perform
other solutions on its own.
But in those cases where no viable signal exists
indoors an external antenna may be used.
Orange Status LED indicates

External Antenna being Used
115
It is also important to understand how antenna systems work, especially for WCDMA systems
where every cell is using the same frequency channels.
Antenna has Gain
The Antenna System and Gain

Antenna cable has Loss
10 dBi
-5 dB
Antenna system gain is sum of both, so a

10 dBi antenna minus 5 dB of cable loss =
5 dBi total antenna system gain
Antenna, cable, and radio antenna port mush all match in Impedance (e.g. = 50 ohms)
Antennas are designed to operate at specific frequencies, and with gain Patterns
Down-tilt to control range
Omni
Panel
Yagi
(equal in all directions)
(Directed)
(Very Directed)
Down-tilt can help decrease long

range interference to other cells
116
Rules for using an External Antenna System (50 antenna and cable)
The external antenna is specified as having 5 dBi antenna system gain
Antenna has Gain
Antenna cable has Loss
50
10 dBi
-5 dB
Antenna system gain is sum of both, so a

10 dBi antenna minus 5 dB of cable loss =
5 dBi total antenna system gain
The Coverage Unit number Coverage (more is better)

The WU and CU separation still helps max SysGain
The Directivity of the antenna may help reject undesired polluting cells
Distance!
117
Cel-Fi treats the external antenna as a 5th antenna to select from

o If the external antenna is selected the WU Status LED is Orange
(otherwise Status = Green if an internal antenna is a better choice)
o The lack of Orange LED may indicate an external antenna problem
o Orange is Red + Green LED, so it can seem red to the untrained eye
o System Gain now affected by feedback between CU and Antenna

(rather than CU and WU). Isolate antenna beam from CU
More is better
118
The antenna cable must have an SMA male

connector
The antenna cable must be the thin, flexible
type
The recess in which the connector and cable must
fit is quite small, therefore the cable must be
flexible or it is impossible to attach the connector.
A right angle connector or jumper may be used.
Total aggregate gain of the antenna must not be

more than 5dBi
This means that the antenna gain, minus the loss
in the cables and connectors must not exceed
5dBi (a regulatory requirement)
This is so that the performance of the unit as a
whole remains within the required specifications
119
Example of how the iPhone displays bars of

signal when the signal is boosted with Cel-Fi
OFF
Android
iPhone
Cel-Fi
Meters from Cel-Fi

0
12
15
(through home walls)
120
Example of how the iPhone displays bars of

signal when the signal is boosted with Cel-Fi
ON
Android
iPhone
Cel-Fi
Meters from Cel-Fi

0
12
15
(through home walls)
The same issue of the iPhone favoring Ec/Io Channel

Loading when calculating the bars to display affects all
users on the Macro network, as well as users of Cel-Fi
which is an extension of the Macro network.
121
GRACIAS POR SU ATENCION!!
JOSE M. DAZA
VP STRATEGIC ACCOUNTS
LATAM
Jdaza@nextivityinc.com
+34629036319
Skype: jose.daza.m
3/27/2014
Corporate Website:
Facebook:
www.nextivityinc.com
http://www.facebook.com/5bars
Nextivity Web Store:
Follow Us On Twitter:
www.Cel-Fi.com
http://twitter.com/5bars
122

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Smart Signal Booster

RS2 DUAL BAND

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PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL

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REPETIDORES CONVENCIONALES (BDAs)

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Una forma sencilla de llevar la cobertura completa al interior

Una solucin de dos

PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL

INTRODUCCIN AL CONCEPTO CEL-FI

Una forma sencilla de llevar la cobertura completa al interior

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Una solucin partida

PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL

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PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL

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Una solucin partida

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PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL

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Introduction and General Overview

Users separated by Time and Frequency,

Users separated by Coding. Cells

This is an example of synchronous Walsh coding. The original CDMA systems

Introduction and General Overview

The Pilot Channel is a special

The Pilot, Network control, and