1. Which of the following are examples of fossils?

shells or old bones

any traces of dead organisms

insects trapped in tree sap

All of the above

2. Animal fossils may form when

A

an animal is buried by sediment.

an animal is buried on the ocean floor, in swamps, in mud, or in tar

an animals tissue is replaced by harder minerals.

All of the above

pits.

3. Darwin drew ideas for his theory from observations of organisms on

A

the Samoan Islands.

the Hawaiian Islands.

Manhattan Island.

the Galpagos Islands.

4. The species of finches that Darwin observed differed in the shape of their beaks.
According to Darwin, all of these species probably
A

had a common ancestor.

had migrated from Africa.

had descended from similar birds in Africa.

ate the same diet.

5. Darwin thought that the animals of the Galpagos Islands were similar to those of
the nearby coast of South America because
A
the animals ancestors had migrated from South America to the
Galpagos Islands.
B

the islands had slowly drifted away from the mainland.

the animals had all been brought to the islands by humans.

D
the animals in both places had evolved in nearly identical
environments
6. The process by which a population becomes better suited to its environment is
known as
A

accommodation.

adaptation.

B
D

variation.

acclimation.

7. According to Darwin, evolution occurs

A

only through artificial selection.

because of natural selection.

during half-life periods of 5,715 years.

so rapidly that it can be observed easily.

8. When Darwin published his first book about evolution, he included all of the
following ideas except
A

the idea that species change slowly over time.

the idea that some organisms reproduce at a greater rate than others.

the idea that species are permanent and unchanging.

D
the idea that some species become better suited to their environment
than others.
9. The major idea that Darwin presented in his book The Origin of Species was that
A

species change over time and never compete with each other.

species may change in small ways but cannot give rise to new species.

animals change, but plants remain the same over time.

species change over time by natural selection.

10. Natural selection could not occur without

A

genetic variation in species.

stable environments.

competition for unlimited resources.

gradual warming of the Earth.

11. Since natural resources are limited, all organisms

A

must migrate to new habitats.

display vestigial structures.

must compete for resources.

have inherited characteristics.

12. Refer to the illustration above. An analysis of DNA from these organisms would
indicate that
A

they have identical DNA.

they all have the same number of bones.

their nucleotide sequences show many similarities.

they all have the same number of chromosomes.

13. Refer to the illustration above. The similarity of these structures is one form of
evidence that the organisms
A

share a common ancestor.

evolved instantaneously.

all grow at different rates.

live for a long time.

14. Homologous structures in organisms provide evidence that the organisms

A

share a common ancestor.

must have lived at different times.

have a skeletal structure.

are now extinct.

15. Anatomical structures that appear to be derived from a functional structure in

an ancestor, but that currently do not serve an important function, are called
A

inorganic.

fossilized.

mutated.

vestigial.

16. The beak of a bird and the beak of a giant squid evolved independently and
serve the same function. The beaks are
A

divergent structures.

homologous structures.

analogous structures.

hybrid structures.

17. The occurrence of the same blood protein in a group of species provides
evidence that these species
A

evolved in the same habitat.

descended from a common ancestor.

evolved in different habitats.

descended from different ancestors.

18. Evidence that evolution occurs includes all of the following except
A
B
organisms.

acquired characteristics.
similarities and differences in proteins and DNA sequences between

the fossil record.

homologous structures among different organisms.

19. The modern synthesis of evolutionary theory predicts that

A

closely related species will show similarities in DNA sequences.

if species have changed over time, their genes should have changed.

closely related species will show similarities in amino acid sequences.

All of the above

20. Cytochrome c is a protein that is involved in cellular respiration in all eukaryotic

organisms. Human cytochrome c contains 104 amino acids. The following table
compares human cytochrome c with cytochrome c from a number of other
organisms.

Organism

Number of cytochrome c amino acids

that differ from human cytochrome c amino acids
Chickens
18

Chimpanzees
0

Dogs
13

Rattlesnakes
20

Rhesus monkeys
1

Yeasts
56

Which of the following is not a valid inference from these data?

A

Chimpanzees are more closely related to humans than yeasts are.

Dogs are more closely related to humans than chickens are.

C
The cytochrome c of chimpanzees differs from that of rhesus monkeys
by only one amino acid.
D

All of the proteins produced by chimpanzees and humans are identical.

21. The accumulation of differences between populations that once formed a single
population is called
A

coevolution.

adaptation.

divergent evolution.

cumulative differentiation.

22. The process in which two or more species become more adapted over time to
each others presence is called
A

divergence.

coevolution.

radiation.

competition.

23.

Refer to the illustration above. While the shark and dolphin are similar in
appearance, dolphins evolved from ancestors that were very different from sharks.
The current similarity between sharks and dolphins is an example of
A

coevolution.

convergent evolution.

biogeography.
D

divergent evolution.

24. A biologist analyzes the DNA sequences in three different primates. The
biologist finds that primates A and B have nearly identical DNA sequences. The DNA
sequences in primate C are significantly different from those of primate A. From this
information, the biologist may infer that
A
primates A and B are more closely related to each other than either is
to primate C.
B

all three primates appeared on Earth at about the same time.

either primate A or primate B must be a direct ancestor of primate C.

primate C must have been the ancestor of both primate A and primate

B.
25. Artificial selection has been used by humans to

speed up the process of divergent evolution.

stop evolution in domestic animals.

slow down the process of convergent evolution.

study the process of coevolution.