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Medical Implant Technology Group (MediTeg), Faculty of Biomedical Engineering & Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310
Johor Bahru, Malaysia
b
Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
article info
abstract
Article history:
Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse micromotion and stress distribution at the
connections of implants and four types of abutments: internal hexagonal, internal octago-
15 February 2012
Methods: A three dimensional (3D) model of the left posterior mandible was reconstructed
from medical datasets. Four dental implant systems were designed and analysed independently in a virtual simulation of a first molar replacement. Material properties, contact
properties, physiological loading and boundary conditions were assigned to the 3D model.
Keywords:
Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a 95%
Micromotion
confidence interval and Tukeys Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) multiple comparison
Implantabutment connection
test.
Stress distribution
Results: The internal hexagonal and octagonal abutments produced similar patterns of
micromotion and stress distribution due to their regular polygonal design. The internal
conical abutment produced the highest magnitude of micromotion, whereas the trilobe
connection showed the lowest magnitude of micromotion due to its polygonal profile.
Conclusions: Non-cylindrical abutments provided a stable locking mechanism that reduced
micromotion, and therefore reduced the occurrence of microgaps. However, stress tends to
concentrate at the vertices of abutments, which could lead to microfractures and subsequent microgap formation.
# 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
1.
Introduction
* Corresponding author at: P23, MediTeg, FKBSK, 81310 Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Tel.: +60 7 5535961;
fax: +60 7 5536222.
E-mail address: rafiq@biomedical.utm.my (M.R. Abdul Kadir).
0300-5712/$ see front matter # 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2012.02.009
468
2.
2.1.
Fig. 1 (a) Four different features of the abutment connection: internal hexagonal, internal octagonal, internal conical and
trilobe, (b) Dimensions of the cylinder-screwed dental implant body with a two-piece abutment.
469
2.2.
Material properties
2.3.
2.4.
Statistical analysis
Abutment connection
Internal hexagonal
Internal octagonal
Internal conical
Trilobe
509,
508,
515,
508,
979
489
904
503
470
(1)
HSD qa;k;DFw
n1 n2
2
where qa;k;DFw is the critical value of statistical data and is
equal to 3.63; a is the significance level; k is the number of
samples; DFw is the degree of freedom within a sample; MSw is
the mean square within the sample and n is the number of
data points.
2.5.
Rotational freedom
(2)
a
R1
n
n
where a is the rotational freedom; n is the number of edges; C is
the clearance and R1 is the radius of the width across the
3.
Results
3.1.
Micromotion and equivalent von Mises stress (EQV)
analyses
Fig. 3(a) shows micromotion of the abutment relative to the
implant body and the crown. Significant micromotion was
observed occlusally at the implantabutment connection, and
Fig. 3 (a) Micromotion of the abutment relative to the implant body, (b) Equivalent von Mises stress of the abutment from
the lingual view.
471
Micromotion (mm)
Mean (SD)
Internal hexagonal
Internal octagonal
Internal conical
Trilobe
*
1.02
1.16
1.22
0.20
(0.88)
(1.02)
(1.04)
(0.19)
Max
3.71
3.94
5.67
0.94
EQV (MPa)
Mean (SD)
48.01
46.76
47.25
37.91
(28.31)
(27.12)
(28.10)
(21.74)
Micromotion
Max
187.77
164.47
167.61
155.44
DFw
2323
MSw
0.78
EQV
F
DFw
*
119.81
10,890
MSEw
704
F
83.70*
3.2.
Rotational freedom
Fig. 5 (a) Cross-sectional view of the stress distribution around the cancellous and cortical bone, (b) Anterior view of stress
distribution for the analysed region of interest.
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3.3.
Deformation
4.
Discussion
473
5.
Conclusions
Micromotion between implants and abutments was dependent on the design of the implant connection. Internal
hexagonal and octagonal abutments produced similar patterns of micromotion and stress distribution due to their
regular polygonal design. The internal conical abutment
produced the highest magnitude of micromotion. Unlike the
internal conical abutment, the trilobe abutment produced the
lowest magnitude of micromotion, which was mainly caused
by the polygonal profile. Non-cylindrical abutments showed
lower micromotion, but the tendency of stress to concentrate
at the vertices increased the risk for microfracture, and
therefore for microgap formation.
Acknowledgements
This study was supported by Research Grant No. 03-01-03SF0540 from the Government of Malaysia. An appreciation is
given to Medical Implant Technology Group (MediTeg),
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia and University of Malaya.
references
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