Abstract :

In this experiment we will be determine the vapour pressure of

different liquid Solids as well as liquids evaporate at all
temperatures. The rate of evaporation of a solid is negligible at
temperatures well below its melting-point, as we may see from
the fact that bars of metal do not gradually disappear. The rate of
evaporation of liquids is much higher than those of solids. Thus,
liquids may disappear if evaporation continues at any level of
temperature.
At certain temperature, the generated saturated vapor (in contact
with its own liquid) exerts a pressure on its surface. This pressure
is called the vapor pressure. The pressure of the saturated vapor
rises with increase of temperature. If the liquid is confined in a
closed container at continuous heating the container may
explode.

Results and Discussion :

T(C)

T(K)

P ( bar )

P ( mmhg )

28

301

0.01

7.6

30

303

0.02

15.2

33

306

0.05

38

36

309

0.08

60.8

39
C=

312
-48.78

0.1

76

lnP

1/(T+C)

2.028148
247
2.721295
428
3.637586
16
4.107589
789
4.330733
34

0.003964
793
0.003933
601
0.003887
723
0.003842
902
0.003799
103

Intercept
=A
Slope =
-B

57.98991
644
14058.19
023

Ln(p) V.S. 1/(T+C)

5

f(x) = - 14058.19x + 57.99

R = 0.94

4
3

Ln(P)

2
1
0
0

1/(T+C)

From the above results we can notice that as temperature increase the vapor
pressure will increase, because when temperature increase more molecules
will gain sufficient kinetic energy to over one the attractive force between
molecules of the liquid phase so the liquid molecules will leave the surface of
the liquid and become vapor which caused vapor pressure is equal to the
external pressure at a certain temp.
This temp is called the boiling point.
Ln Pv = A B/ (T+C)
There are other methods to determine the vapor pressure by using Cox chart
this chart gives P Vs T.
Antoine equation gives value of vapor pressure which increase with
temperature, but in this experimental there are some errors came from
source of error like personal errors and instrumented errors.
When you compare between tabulated data and experiment data we note
different in constant value , refers to the room temperature or become from
error in measured temperature .

Conclusions:

1. Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by the vapor on the

surface when it is in equilibrium with liquid.
2. Increasing the temperature will increase the exporting of the
liquid so that will increase the pressure exerted by the vapor
on the surface of liquid and after a certain time the pressure
of the vapor will attain a constant value which called the
vapor pressure of the liquid .
3. Vapor pressure of chemical liquids can be measured by
different method eg.hagnant method ASTM method.
4. The normal boiling point is the point at which the vapor
pressure at the liquid is equal to external pressure so that
increasing the vapor pressure will case the evaporating and
boiling more quickly than decreasing the vapor pressure
5. The relationship between the vapor pressure and
temperature is directly proportional that give an exponential
carve.
6. Volatile liquid is the liquid that evaporate immediately at a
certain temperature.
7. There are some experimental error by using mechanical
device so that experimental value from empirical equation.
References:

Appendices (Raw Data, Sample Calculations):

From Table
(where P in mmHg ,T in K)
Compoun
A
B
C
d
n-Hexane 15.8366
2697.55
-48.78

T range
(K)
245-370

From experiment :
Where constant A will be the intercept and constant B the slop

In the figure above the intercept is A = 59.98992

The slope will be equal

Slope = 14058.19

lnP
1
T (K)+ c