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(p+ p dz) dx dy
z
dx
dy
(p+ p dy) dx dz
y
pressure forces on
a fluid element
g dx dy dz
p dy dz
(p+ p dx) dy dz
x
dz
p dx dz
z
y
x
p dx dy
p
= g
z
lehre/VL-HM/E-HYDRO-LECTURE-NOTES/HYDROFOLIEN/hydstat_F.tex
. p.1/11
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pabs = p atm
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h
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pabs = p atm+ gh
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p = gz + C
definition:
h=
p
+z
g
h
piezometric head
p/(g) pressure head
z
depth
boundary condition:
p(h) = patm C = patm + gh
absolute pressure
lehre/VL-HM/E-HYDRO-LECTURE-NOTES/HYDROFOLIEN/hydstat_F.tex
. p.2/11
dp
p
=
g
dz
RT
p = exp[
gz
+ C]
RT
gz0
RT
g(z0 z)
]
RT
Example:
For z = 0 m and T = 293 K, let be: p0 = 1 105 Pa
What is the pressure in an altitude of 500 m if the assumption T = const. is made?
p(500) = 1 105 exp[
Universitt Stuttgart
9.81 (0 500)
] = 94334 Pa
287 293
lehre/VL-HM/E-HYDRO-LECTURE-NOTES/HYDROFOLIEN/hydstat_F.tex
. p.3/11
h(x,y)
resultant force:
F = (patm + ghsp )A
= psp A
F
center of
gravity
dA = dx dy
x
center of
pressure:
g sin Ixy
xsp =
F
g sin Ixx
ysp =
F
center
of pressure
Universitt Stuttgart
lehre/VL-HM/E-HYDRO-LECTURE-NOTES/HYDROFOLIEN/hydstat_F.tex
. p.4/11
F = g h cgA
h
p = g h1
p = g h1
center of gravity
center of pressure
p = g h2
2
center of gravity
center of pressure
p = g h2
Universitt Stuttgart
F = g h cg A sin
lehre/VL-HM/E-HYDRO-LECTURE-NOTES/HYDROFOLIEN/hydstat_F.tex
. p.5/11
x
1
h
p
p = g h2
p = g h2
Resultant forces:
FH
FV
h2
1
gb(h22 h21 )
2
h1
Z x2
Z x2
gbh dx = gb
h dx
gbh dh =
x1
x1
FV equals in magnitude and direction the weight of the entire column of water above
the curved surface.
Universitt Stuttgart
lehre/VL-HM/E-HYDRO-LECTURE-NOTES/HYDROFOLIEN/hydstat_F.tex
. p.6/11
Layered fluids
p = g (h o z1 )
ho
oil
hw
water
z1
p = p + w g z 1= w g h w
2
Universitt Stuttgart
lehre/VL-HM/E-HYDRO-LECTURE-NOTES/HYDROFOLIEN/hydstat_F.tex
. p.7/11
Buoyancy
FA
dA H
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0dA
1
Sv
z 1 z2
Universitt Stuttgart
lehre/VL-HM/E-HYDRO-LECTURE-NOTES/HYDROFOLIEN/hydstat_F.tex
. p.8/11
Swimming stability
line of symmetry
a)
SG
SG
G
G
M
Sv
FA
Sv
FA
overturning moment
b)
M
SG
G
FA
Sv
SG
FA
Sv
restoring moment
Universitt Stuttgart
lehre/VL-HM/E-HYDRO-LECTURE-NOTES/HYDROFOLIEN/hydstat_F.tex
. p.9/11
a
p
s
g-a
p
1
p
2
p
3
p = (g a)
-a
tan =
ax
g + az
1/2
`
dp
= a2x + (g + az )2
ds
Universitt Stuttgart
lehre/VL-HM/E-HYDRO-LECTURE-NOTES/HYDROFOLIEN/hydstat_F.tex
. p.10/11
p
= r 2
r
p
= g
z
1
p = p0 gz + r2 2 .
2
2
r
z=
2g
a =-r
patm
z
g
g- a
- a
p2
R
Universitt Stuttgart
lehre/VL-HM/E-HYDRO-LECTURE-NOTES/HYDROFOLIEN/hydstat_F.tex
. p.11/11