Students Name

Student ID

TIN MIN HTOO

201526058

Report of mitigation for sediment and flood disasters and important

studies
1. Introduction
Nowadays disasters occur due to several reasons. Among these reasons, to
mitigation for sediment and flood disasters, it is important to study the hill slope
and catchment hydrology.
2. Discussion
2.1. Sediment movement on hill slope
There are two types of sediment movement. They are mass movement,
individual movement. In mass movement, it can be classified into 3 items. They are
rapid landslide, chronic landslide (earth flow), creep (gravitational creep). In
Individual movements, soil (surface) erosion can be seen.
2.1.1 Sediment movement on down stream
For the mass movement, there are two types of flow. They are Debris flow in
which sediment was included from base to water surface and Hyper concentrated
flow in which both sediment movement layer and water layer. In case of Individual
movement, Bed load, suspended load, wash load
3. Roles of hydrology to mitigate sediment and flood disasters
The role of hydrology is very important to study for the reasons of prediction
of timing of sediment disaster occurrence, assessing spatial pattern of landslide
susceptibility, predict magnitude of debris flow.
2.2 Classic concept of hill slope hydrology
2.2.1 Vertical Infiltration
During the no rainfall period, water movement rate in soil was small and
moved vertically due to the gravity and root water uptake. Once rainfall occurred,
the water infiltration rate increased dramatically.
2.2.2 State of water in soil
To study the soil water (unsaturated), ground water (Saturated) is also very
important
2.2.3 Lateral flow occurrence
The water reached at the hydrological boundary, like soil-bedrock interface
and weathered- fresh bedrock interface, some of water goes down laterally, since all
of water cannot percolate into lower part. Lateral flows are classified in terms of a
portion of flow occurrence. Overland flow,sub surface flow, ground water flow.
2.2.4 Types of overland flow
Hortonian overland flow if rainfall intensity was larger than infiltration
capacity, surface runoff occurred
2.2.5 Saturation overland flow

If drainage capacity of subsurface flow in soil layer was smaller than

subsurface flow rate, soil layer was fully saturated by groundwater. Some of water
returned to surface and flowed down slope as overland flow.

2.2.6 Types of subsurface flow

The types of subsurface flow to study are unsaturated flow, saturated
flow, Matrix flow preferential flow.
2.2.7 Preferential flow
Several preferential flow processes contribute to runoff generation.
2.2.8 Soil pipes
They are parallel slopes which are sufficient in length to influence lateral flow
processes. Soil pipes were formed by groundwater erosion, biological activity etc.
These soil pipes were commonly found in soil at the hill slopes
2.2.9 Groundwater flow
Groundwater flow mainly contributes to runoff from hill slope. Groundwater
flow often returns to soil layer. Groundwater flows were connected with subsurface
flow.
3. Conclusion
In conclusion, to mitigate the sediment and flood disasters, we need to study
the prediction of timing of sediment disaster occurrence, assessing spatial pattern
of landslide susceptibility, predict magnitude of debris flow. To study the above
mentioned area, the five key concepts with regard to hill slope and catchment
hydrological responses are to study. They are variable source area concept, rapid
mobilization of old water, bedrock Topography Control, quick response, importance
of groundwater flow.