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SKEMA JAWAPAN MODUL PENINGKATAN SPM 2015

BAB 4 : HABA
1

(a)
(b)

(c)

A condition in which there is no net heat flow between two


objects that are in thermal contact with each other.

(i)

Temperature of glass in diagram (a) is lower than temperature of


glass in diagram (b).

(ii)

Temperature of surrounding is higher than the temperature of


glass.

(i)

Condensation of water vapour // condensation

(ii)

Temperature of the glass is lower than the temperature of


surrounding.

(d)

Water vapour outside the glass condensed at the surface of the


glass.

Heated the windscreen // turn on the air conditioner.

The temperature of the windscreen higher than the temperature of


water vapour inside the car // temperature inside the car lower
than temperature outside the car / windscreen.
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2

(a)
(b)

80 C
(i)

(ii)

E = Pt
= 100(300)

= 30 kJ

Pt

mc

100 300

0.5 60

(iii)

Pt

1 kJkg-1C-1

mL

1
7

100 750

0.5

=
3

(a)

80C

(b)

(i)
(ii)

(c)

1.5 105 Jkg-1

1
1

Pt = ml
100 x 800 = 0.5l
l = 160 000 Jkg-1 (with correct unit)
No heat energy is lost to the surrounding/ All heat energy is
absorbed by the solid substance from the heater

Heat energy supplied is used to break down/ overcome the bonds


between molecules

No increase in kinetic energy if molecules


6

i) The volume of the system increases.

ii) When the temperature increases, the gas spreads through causing the
pressure of the gas to increase. So, the balloon increases.

i) The mass of the system remains the same.

ii) Change in temperature will only affect the pressure and the volume.

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4

SKEMA BAHAGIAN B
5

(a)

(i)

Net flow of heat is zero // frying pan and water have same
temperature // rate of heat flow between two objects is the same

(ii)

- Specific heat capacity of M is higher than N.


- Time taken for water to boil in M is longer than N.
- Change in temperature is same.
- When the specific heat capacity is higher, time to boil is longer

- When the specific heat capacity higher, the rate of change in


temperature is smaller.
(b)

(i)

- Q1 is greater than Q2
- M has higher specific heat capacity.

1
1

(c)
SUGGESTION

EXPLANATION

Material with low specific


capacity

Temperature increases faster/


heat up easily/ good heat
conductor

Material with high specific heat


capacity

Temperature increases slower/


does not heat up easily// good
heat insulator

2
Thick wall

Can withstand high pressure

With pressure released valve

Release extra high pressure

Put rubber strip below the lid

Produce air tight space in


pressure cooker // prevent in
decreasing pressure in the cooker

2
2

10

TOTAL

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SKEMA BAHAGIAN C
6

(a) (i)

(ii)

Specific latent heat of vaporization is the amount of heat required to


change 1 kg of a liquid into a gas without a change in the temperature.
Haba pendam tentu pengewapan adalah kuantiti haba yang diperlukan
untuk menukarkan 1 kg cecair kepada gas tanpa perubahan suhu.
-When a fan is rotating, there is a movement of air.
Apabila kipas berputar, terdapat pergerakan udara.
The sweat absorbs heat and evaporates.
Peluh menyerap haba dan menyejat.
Specific latent heat of vaporization of water is absorbed from the body.

Haba pendam tentu pengewapan air diserap daripada badan.


When there is air movement, the rate of evaporation increases.
Apabila terdapat pergerakan udara, kadar penyejatan bertambah.
The body feels cool after the removal of heat.
Badan berasa sejuk selepas pengeluaran haba.

4
(b
)

(i)

Pt = ml,
(100)(2.6 60) = 0.05l
l = 312 000 J kg1

(ii)

Pt = mc,
(100)(4.8 3.6)(60) = 0.05(c)(218 78)
c = 1 029 J kg1 C 1
5

(c)

2
10

R is chosen. Because of its high specific heat capacity, high boiling point, big fan
and large number of fin blades.
R dipilih. Sebab muatan haba tentu tinggi, takat didih tinggi, kipas yang besar
dan
bilah sirip yang banyak.
TOTAL

BAB 5 : RADIOAKTIF
1

(a)

The time taken for half of the number of the radioactive atoms to
decay.
masa yang diambil untuk setengah daripada atom-atom bahan
radioaktif asal mereput.

(b)

8 hours

20

8 jam
(c)

Decreases / become less

Berkurang
(d)

(i)

Beta particles.

The penetrating power is moderate so that it can penetrate


through the orange juice.

Zarah beta
Kuasa penembusan yang sederhana supaya dapat menembusi
jus oren.
(ii)

R has the highest rate meter reading.

R mempunyai bacaan meter kadar yang paling tinggi


(iii)

640 counts per minute

640 bilangan per minit


(e)

(i)

Lead

Plumbum
(ii)

The high density of lead can block the radioactive radiation.

10

Ketumpatan plumbum yang tinggi boleh menghalang sinaran


radioaktif
2

(a)

Fast moving electrons with high energy // electron //

(b)

Geiger-Muller // GM-tube

(c)

(i)

Decreases / becomes lower

(ii)

Some of the beta-particles that are blocked by the juice in the


carton cannot reach the detector

(d)

1
1 1
1

2
4 8 16

0
1

State time =

4T 1
2

Answer = 32 days
TOTAL
3

3
7

(a)

Radioactivity is the spontaneous disintegration of unstable nucleus with


the emission of energetic particles or photons.

(b)
(i)

X alpha particle

Z beta particle

Z is lighter than X

Nuclear fission

(ii)
(c)
(i)
(ii)

235
92

1
0

141
56

Ba +

92
36

+3

Kr

1
0

E = mc
(iii
)

(d)
(i)

= (2.988 10-11)(3 108)2

= 2.67 10-11 J

- strong radioactive substances are handle using remote controlled


mechanical arms from a safe distance //

- weak radioactive substance can be handled by forceps


- workers should wear a special badge //
- wearing protective suits and gears such as gloves, eye glasses //
-To avoid direct contact
(ii)

-detect the amount of radiation they are exposed to //

*the reason should be related to the answer given in (d)(i)


10

(a)

(i)

Radioactive material

(ii)

It causes ionization of atoms in the cells of our body organ // kill


our cells

(iii)

A thick enough layer of lead will prevent any radiation from


escaping into the surroundings

(iv)

Use tongs when moving // picking it up

7.5 hours

(b)

SKEMA BAHAGIAN B
5

(a)

Radioactivity is the spontaneous disintegration of unstable


nucleus accompanied by the emission of energetic particles or
photons.

(b)

1.

Initial activity is the same

2.

time interval in Diagram (a) is longer

3.

rate of decay in Diagram (a) is lower

(c)

(d)

(i)

The higher the rate of decay the shorter the time interval

(ii)

The higher the rate of decay the shorter the half life

(i)
(ii)

(e)

228
92

+ 42 He

1.

The number of proton will decreases by 2

2.

The number of neutron will decrease by 2

234
90 Th

Suggestion
- Use forceps / robot
- Wear a mask // goggle

Explanation
The distance between the
source and the body is fat.
The radiation does not
penetrate our eyes

- Use a lead box / container


with thick concrete

To prevent radiation leakage


to surroundings

- Keep the exposure time as


short as possible
-

Wear a film badge

Put radiation symbol on the


- storage box
Wear coat lined with lead
-

The body is not exposed to


the radiation for a long time.
To detect the amount of
radiation exposed

To inform users of dangerous


contents of the box.
To protect the body from the
radiation

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SKEMA BAHAGIAN C
6

(a)

i)

Unstable isotope that gives out radioactive emission.

ii)

-Halflife which is a few hours


-So that it has enough time to be detected [1 m]
Gives out beta particles
So that they can penetrate the soil and be detected.
Alpha particles cannot be used because they cannot penetrate the
soil while gamma rays also cannot be used as they can penetrate
pipes that are not broken.
Radioisotope S is chosen because it has a halflife
of 15 hours and gives out beta particles. The number of atoms is
not an important factor for choosing the correct isotope.

1
1

1
5

iii) - Short halflife


So that no side effects are left by the radioisotope in the
patients body.
Gives out only gamma rays.
Gamma rays can weaken or kill cancerous cells.
Radioisotope R is chosen because it gives out gamma rays
only.

1
1
1
1
1

(b)

(i)

2
4
(ii)

Loss in mass
= 209.982 (205.969 + 4.004)
= 0.009 u
= 0.009 1.66 1027
= 1.494 1029 kg

(iii)

Energy released
E = mc2
= 1.494 1029 (3.0 108)2
= 1.345 1012 J
=

= 8.4 106 eV
= 8.4 MeV

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