VEHICLE EMISSION PURIFIER

Nor Imran bin Nor Azlan, Ainatul Naimah binti Zailan Shukri, Anisha Adzihan binti Bakri, Ahmad Mukhlis
Zikri bin Marhaban, Mohd Erwan bin Sanik
Jabatan Kejuruteraan Awam, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat, Johor
Email: amzm1994@gmail.com
_________________________________________________________________________________________

Abstract
In this work, the effect of using a Vehicle Emission Purifier on the vehicle exhaust emissions was evaluated. A
Vehicle Emission Purifier is a device designed to operate as a filter for the removal of particulate contaminants
such as Carbon Monoxide, Nitrogen Oxide and Hydrocarbon that can be harmful to people. Emissions tests
were conducted on two different vehicle categories to validate this. All vehicles underwent pre-emissions testing
before placing the Vehicle Emission Purifier. Each test was conducted for a period of approximately 15 minutes.
The Toxic Gas Monitor and Toximeter was used to measure the emissions at each stage, and a similar procedure
was followed to measure the emissions after the gas was filtered using Vehicle Emission Purifier. The results
show slight average reduction in Carbon Monoxide CO (30.7%), Nitrogen Oxides NOx (19.3%) and
Hydrocarbons HC (6.25%) emissions released from Bus filtered and CO (7.78%), NO x (5.5%), HC (4.35%) of
emissions from Toyota Hilux respectively with Vehicle Emission Purifier.
Keywords: vehicle emission purifier, clean air, green environment

___________________________________________________________________________
1.0 Introduction
Air is the main source of life and the environment that needs to be controlled and focused care.
Therefore, the automotive industry has built a framework plan and has developed products for the
filtration emission control vehicle emissions. However, this is only focused on the small transport
such as trains and ignored the larger vehicles such as buses, trucks and so on. While these vehicles are
a major contributor to environmental pollution compared to smaller vehicles. Burning fuels like petrol
and diesel oil is the main cause of air pollution. Fuel combustion from this source liberate large
quantities of sulphur dioxide gas (SO) , carbon monoxide (CO) , hydrocarbons (HC) , nitrogen
dioxide (NO) , and materials of fine particles into the atmosphere. Therefore, a product was invented
to solve this problem, namely Vehicle Emission Purifier.
Emissions by motor vehicles, especially heavy vehicles such as buses and trucks are seen as
contributors to air pollution issues in turn have a negative impact on human health. Therefore, this
project will attempt to produce smoke purifier suitable tool placed in locations concentrations of
people and motor vehicles.
The objectives of the project are to identify the chemical composition found in the smoke of the
vehicle, to identify and utilize materials that can absorb harmful composition in smoke vehicles, and
to produce a tool Vehicle Emission Purifier by combining existing or used equipment as well as
special filters using materials that are identified. The project more focused on motor vehicle
emissions. In addition, we use the equipment that are already used in this project. Materials that are
easily accessible will also be identified and used for the production of air filters. Location for
demonstrations are selected in the areas of this university and more focusing on locations such as a
focal point for students waiting for the bus and so on.

2.0 Literature Study

2.1

Chemicals In Smoke Vehicles

Fig. 1 shows the chemical or emissions from motor vehicles are typical.

Figure 1: Emission from motor vehicle

2.1.1

Carbon Monoxide

Control of CO (carbon monoxide) is important because it is toxic [1] .Pengeluaran carbon

monoxide occurs when fuel is burned with insufficient air mixing. The ignition spark-ignition
engines, the stoichiometric ratio between air and fuel is required to produce maximum power, to work
less strenuous and especially to start the engine when cold and during warm up.
When the fuel supplied by the carburetor or fuel injection systems, acceleration and crispacceleration (press pedal fuel) which also briefly cause a lot of mixed fuel. Even with adequate air
ratio, there is still gas carbon monoxide in the exhaust, this is due to the failure to establish similarities
between monoxide and dioxide during the process of development. Among other sources of CO
emissions is fuel injection timing is not right, a dirty air filter and fuel pressure is higher than normal.
Carbon monoxide is a gas that is colorless, tasteless and odorless directly. CO can affect the
properties of the materials, plants and humans. CO can cause adverse effects on human aerobic
metabolism, which may inhibit the function of red blood cells in transferring oxygen hemoglobin
(Hb) in the blood to form 'carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), which would reduce the ability of platelets in
the circulation of oxygen [1].

2.1.2

Nitrogen Oxides

Nitrogen oxides (NO) will be produced in all combustion processes when the operating
temperature in the combustion chamber has increased so 2500F [1]. When the engine is running, the
air will move into the carburetor and mixes with the fuel before entering the combustion chamber of
the cylinder enjin.Semasa process, the temperature in the combustion chamber increases until the
temperature reaches 2500F.Nitrogen 4500F .Semasa oxides have been formed quickly ie from the
reaction of nitrogen and oxygen in udara.NO produced during the combustion temperature and high
pressure.
To reduce HC and CO exhaust emissions, most engines are designed to operate on a lean
mixture (air and fuel much less) and at high temperatures. However, the high combustion

temperatures will result in the Nitrogen oxides which combine with the element nitrogen, oxygen and
thus produces nitric acid which is a strong material pengarat. Nitrogen oxide is a gas composed of six
types of compounds that are known to date, namely Nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO),
Nitrous oxide (NO), Nitrogen sesquuioksida (NO), Nitrogen tetroksid (NO) and Nitrogen
pentoxide (NO) . NO also play an important role in the photochemical reaction. It is one of the
main components in the formation of smog and acid rain [1].

3.0

Methodology

3.1
3.1.1

Selection of material
Filter

Charcoal is used as a filter to filter out harmful gases such as Carbon Dioxide, Carbon
Monoxide and Hydrocarbon smoke emitted from vehicles. This rarely works as an absorbent for
chemicals and the air coming out of the output only clean air that does not contain chemicals that are
harmful. Selection charcoal as filter material is suitable because it is readily available and can absorb
the chemicals properly.

3.1.2
a

Materials

Solar Panel

The solar system is a power generation system that uses heat as a source. Solar is one of the
facilities and progress in the field of engineering, its use is rapidly increasing. Therefore, the choice of
solar power generating capacity and built products. This is to overcome the problem of power supply
in the event of electricity supply interruption.

b Zinc aluminium
Zinc aluminum is among the metals that are difficult to rust. Therefore, it is suitable for the walls
was selected products. The elastic nature of the job is easy to produce a product that would be built.
Moreover, its strength is definitely better than other materials.

Exhaust Fan

Exhaust Fan is a component that is used to draw air from the outside to the inside of the
appliance. Its usefulness as the concept of vacuum that sucks air. Exhaust fan is used to avoid
inhalation of air from outside into the tool will be more efficient.

3.1.3 Circuit
Circuit is one of the important components in this tool. without this tool circuit will not work. a
circuit was designed and simulated the circuit in order to run smoothly.

4.0 Data And Analysis

An experiment was conducted to determine whether the product can function properly or not.
The experiments conducted around UTHM on Dec 1, 2014. Experimental tests by using bus and 4
wheels as experimental material. The data below shows the result of the experiment.

4.1

Bus
Table 1: Data before and after for bus
READING
TIME

BEFORE
NO
CO2

CO

0
5
10
15

500
400
300
200
100
0

410
611
308
275

70
75
67
62

AFTER
NO
CO2

CO

365
512
496
435

410
542
276
244

70
75
48
35

452

401

365
480
462
388

423.75
275.75

68.5

55.25

Average Emmisions(ppm)

Figure 2: Average exhaust emissions for Bus before and after filter.

4.2

4 wheels
Table 2: Data before and after for 4 wheels
READING
TIME

0
5
10
15

CO

BEFORE
NO

CO2

196
293
238
173

136
153
148
109

185
196
180
174

CO

AFTER
NO

CO2

195
284
203
147

136
145
132
103

185
188
171
159

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

275.75
225
136.5

183.75
129

175.75

Average Emmisions(ppm)

Figure 3: Average exhaust emissions for 4 wheels before and after filter.

5.0 Conclusion
The results show a significant average reduction emission for the bus after fitment of a
Vehicle Emissions Purifier. Based on the test it is evident that the 30.7%, 19.3% and 6.25% average
reduction in carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO x) and carbon dioxide (CO 2) respectively.
Meanwhile, the average reduction emissions for 4 wheels are 7.78% for carbon monoxide (CO), 5.5%
for nitrogen oxides (NOx) and 4.35% for carbon monoxide (CO 2). Further detailed test work is
recommended at higher engine speed to investigate if emissions reductions could still be achieved.
The filter is designed for micro-filtration, the filter media may be slightly modified to perform
simultaneous molecular filtration since the filter has a larger active filtration area. Future studies will
also focus on improving the efficiency of the filter media in order to increase the effectiveness of
filtering the harmful gases.

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APPENDIX