Adrian

TENSE OVERVIEW
A. THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

Prezentul simplu se foloseste pentru a vorbi despre actiuni prezente, obisnuite, repetate actiuni zilnice
S +VI
- la persoana a-III-a singular (he, she, it) se adaug terminaia s sau es .
I drink a cup of milk every morning.
She drinks a cup of tea every morning.
- terminaia es se adaug la sfritul verbelor terminate in: -o, -ch, -th, -sh, -ss, -z.
She goes to school from Monday to Friday.
- Forma interogativa: DO/DOES(III.sing) + V
Do you play tennis?
Does she play the guitar?
- Forma negativa: S+ DO/DOES + NOT + V
do + not = dont
does + not = doesnt
No, I dont play tennis.
She doesnt play the guitar.
THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Prezentul continuu se folosete pentru a vorbi despre aciuni prezente care sunt in desfurare in momentul
vorbirii. Nu mai vorbim despre aciunile obinuite, repetate exprimate de prezentul simplu.
S + TO BE(PREZENT) + V-ing.
- TO BE: am, are, is
She is reading a book now.
- Forma interogativa: TO BE + S + V-ing
Is he playing tennis?
- Forma negativa: S + TO BE + NOT + V-ing
is not = isnt
are not = arent
No, he isnt playing tennis.
Se folosete, de obicei, cu expresii ca now, at this moment, as we speak, ....
She is reading a book now. Ea citete o carte acum.
B. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Folosim trecutul simplu pentru a vorbi despre aciuni ncepute i terminate n trecut.
Yesterday I met my friend Jack.
Pentru a exprima o aciune repetat n trecut.
Grandma drank three cups of coffee a day.
Dup verbele sau construciile wish, as if/as though, if only, would rather, its (high) time.
I wish I were on holiday now.
Forma afirmativ:
S + VII
I danced at the party yesterday.
Forma interogativ:
Did + S + VI ?
Did Mary tell her father about the party last week?
Forma negativ:
S + did not + VI.
Mother did not buy those trousers last month.
THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
Aciuni care erau n desfurare la un moment dat din trecut.

I was taking a shower when you came in.
Aciuni paralele n trecut
Sue was peeling potatoes while Andy was cooking the fish.
Aciuni progresive care sunt n desfurare de-a lungul unei perioade de timp specificate din trecut.
She was shopping between 3 oclock anf four.
Forma afirmativ:
S + was/were + V-ing.
I was dancing when he came in.
Forma interogativ:
Was/Were + S + V-ing ?
Was Mary doing her homework when you arrived?
Forma negativ:
S + was/were not + V-ing.
Mother was not playing cards.
C. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

Prezentul prefect simplu arat aciunea nceput n trecut i care fie mai continu n prezent, fie influeneaz
momentul prezent. Accentul este pus pe rezultat.
Formele
I / you / we / they
he / she / it
Afirmativ
I have spoken.
He has spoken.
Negativ
I have not spoken.
He has not spoken.
Excepii la adugarea terminaiei ed

Exceptions in spelling when adding ed
Dup e final se adaug doar i
Consoana final, dup vocal accentuat, scurt, precum i l
final se dubleaz
y final dup consoan devine i
Interogativ
Have I spoken?
Has he spoken?
Example
love loved
admit admitted
travel travelled
hurry hurried
Folosirea
Pune accent pe rezultat:

Exemplu: She has written five letters.
Aciune care nc se desfoar:

Exemplu: School has not started yet.
Aciune ncheiat recent:

Exemplu: She has cooked dinner.
Aciune ncheiat ce influeneaz momentul prezent:

Exemplu: I have lost my key.
Aciune ce nu a mai avut loc nainte de momentul vorbirii sau care s-a ntmplat o dat sau de mai multe ori:
Exemplu: I have never been to Australia.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Arat o aciune nceput n trecut i care fie s-a terminat recent, fie mai continu. Pune accent pe durata aciunii.
Formele
Afirmativ
Negativ
Interogativ
I / you / we / they I have been speaking. I have not been speaking. Have I been speaking?
he / she / it
He has been speaking. He has not been speaking. Has he been speaking?
Excepii de ortografiere
Excepii la adugarea terminaiei -ing
Exemplu
e-ul
final
dispare come
coming
(dar: ee nu este schimbat)
(dar: agree agreeing)
Dup o vocal scurt, accentuat, se dubleaz consoana final sit sitting
Consoana final l este dublat dup o vocal (n British English) travel travelling
ie final devine y
lie lying
Folosirea Prezentului Perfect Continuu
Pune accent pe durata nu pe rezultatul aciunii:

Exemplu: She has been writing for two hours.
Aciune recent ncheiat sau care nc mai dureaz:

Exemplu: I have been living here since 2001.
D. PAST PERFECT
[had + past participle]
Exemple:
You had studied English before you moved to New York.

Had you studied English before you moved to New York?
You had not studied English before you moved to New York.
Aciuni ncepute i terminate naintea altor aciuni trecute
Trecutul perfect arat c o aciune trecut a avut loc naintea altei aciuni trecute. De asemenea poate arta c un
anumit lucru a avut loc naintea unui moment dat din trecut.
Exemple:
I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai.

I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.
Tony knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city several times.
Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand?
She only understood the movie because she had read the book.
Kristine had never been to an opera before last night.
We were not able to get a hotel room because we had not booked in advance.
A:
Had
you
ever
visited
B: Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before.
the
U.S.
before
your
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

[had been + present participle]
Exemple:
You had been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived.
Had you been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived?
5
trip
in
2006?
You had not been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived.
USE 1 Duration Before Something in the Past
Folosim trecutul perfect continuu pentru a arta c un lucru a nceput n trecut i continuat pn la un moment dat din
trecut. Putem folosi expresiile "For five minutes" and "for two weeks".
Exemple:
They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived.
She had been working at that company for three years when it went out of business.
How long had you been waiting to get on the bus?
Mike wanted to sit down because he had been standing all day at work.
James had been teaching at the university for more than a year before he left for Asia.
A: How long had you been studying

B: I had not been studying Turkish very long.
Turkish
before
you
moved
to
Ankara?
E. FUTURE TENSES
1.a FUTURE SIMPLE
(will and be going to)
Viitorul simplu are 2 forme n limba englez: will i be going to. Cu toate c aceste dou forme se pot substitui una
pe alta ele au utilizri diferite.
Form Will
(+) S + will + V1
You will help him later.
(?) Will + S + V1?
(-) S + will not + V1
Will you help him later?

You will not help him later.
Form Be Going To
(+) S + am/is/are + going to + V1 (?) am/are/is + S + going to + V1
You are going to meet Jane tonight.
(-) S + am/are/is/ + not + going to + V1
Are you going to meet Jane tonight?

You are not going to meet Jane tonight.
WILL se folosete pentrua vorbi despre:
ceea ce vorbitorul face n mod voluntar

aciuni stabilite din viitor
promisiuni
I will send you the information when I get it.

I will translate the email, so Mr. Smith can read it.
I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party.
Don't worry, I'll be careful.
I won't tell anyone your secret.
BE GOING TO - se folosete pentru a vorbi despre planuri i intenia vorbitorului de a face un lucru.
He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii.
She is not going to spend her vacation in Hawaii.
1.b FUTURE CONTINUOUS

Form:
(+) S + will be + V-ing
(?) Will + S + be + V-ing
You will be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.
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(-) S + will + not + be + V-ing
Will you be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight?
You will not be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.
1. Aciune n desfurare la un moment dat din viitor
We will be writing at this time tomorrow.
2. Aciune ntrerupt din viitor - o aciune de durat din viitor va fi ntrerupt de una mai scurt.
I will be watching TV when she arrives tonight.
I will be waiting for you when your bus arrives.
3. Aciuni paralele din viitor

Tonight, they will be eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good time.
4. Atmosfer din viitor
When I arrive at the party, everybody is going to be celebrating. Some will be dancing. Others are
going to be talking. A few people will be eating pizza, and several people are going to be drinking
beer. They always do the same thing.
2. FUTURE PERFECT
Form:
(+) S + will have + V3
(?) Will + S + have + V3?
(-) S + will + not + have + V3
You will have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.
Will you have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.?
You will not have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.
Aciune viitoare terminat naintea unei alte aciuni viitoare:
By next November, I will have received my promotion.

By the time I finish this course, I will have taken ten tests.
IMPORTANT! - NU SE FOLOSETE VIITOR N PROPOZIIA SUBORDONAT TEMPORAL.
PRESENT SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS

PRESENT SIMPLE
1. Write the HE/SHE/IT forms
catch
read
come
run
cook
smoke
drink
stand
fetch
start
fix
touch
live
watch
miss
wish
rush
write
buy
carry
copy
enjoy
fry
marry
play
study
try
2. Write the verb in the right form

1. Children ................................ (ask) a lot of questions.
2. She .................................. (go) to college on her bike.
3. A lot of birds .............................. (fly) south in the winter.
4. She ..................................... (study) very hard at the weekends.
5. My father .............................. (watch) television most evenings.
6. He ................................... (understand) Arabic.
7. He ........................................ (fight) with his brother.
8. Big dogs............................ (like) a lot of exercise.
9. Hes very naughty he ............................ (push) other children.
10. Lessons ................................. (start) at 8.35 every morning.
3. Choose one verb to make each sentence negative
e.g. It doesnt snow very often in San Francisco (snow, sing, play)
1. I like football, but I ............................................ cricket at all. (think, like, remember)
2. She lives in Japan, but she ...................................... a word of Japanese (sing, work, speak)
3. Im sorry I ................................. your name. (eat, remember, work)
4. He works in New York, but I .................................... what he does. (know, use, come)
5. Marys really tired, but she ...................................... to go to bed. (help, want, walk)
6. We .......................................... a big flat just one bedroom. (work, play, want)
7. Phil ..................................... very hard, but he makes a lot of money. (work, stand, stop)
8. Anns parents ................................... Im the right man for their daughter. (write, read, think)
4. a) Make questions
10. What time / the train / arrive?
1. How / you pronounce / this word?
b) Make questions.
2. How / you spell / that?
1. She / live / with her parents?
3. What / this word / mean?
2. You / like / your new job?
4. How much / they cost?
3. I /speak / good Italian?
5. Where / you live?
4. They /work / hard / at university?
6. What / you do?
5. We /usually give/ her a birthday
7. How / you do?
present?
8. What time / the plane / leave?
6. Your sister / help / you / very much?
9. What time/ the class / start?
7. Alan /smoke?
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
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1. Write the ING FORM of these verbs.

Break
clean
wash
live
Come
die
enjoy
go
Make
play
sing
jump
Write
start
get
feel
Begin
put
hit
rain
Rob
shop
dream
sleep
Shout
sit
stand
talk
Turn
open
visit
forget
2. Fill in the blanks with the verbs in the present continuous tense
1. John and I ...................................... (stay) in a beautiful hotel.
2. Kevin .......................................... (work) at home today.
3. I ...................................... (wait) for a very important letter.
4. You ...................................... (walk) too fast.
5. We ........................................... (plan) our next holiday.
6. The girls ............................................ (visit) their grandmother today.
7. She ....................................... (read) in her bedroom at the moment.
8. The baby ...................................... (learn) how to walk.
3. Rewrite the sentences in the negative. Use the present continuous
1. They .......................................... (buy) a new car.
2. He ............................................... (learn) to read.
3. I .................................................. ( look) for your keys.
4. We ............................................... (sell) the house.
5. They ........................................ (drink) tea.
6. You ....................................... (work) very hard.
7. Jack and Jill ....................................... (run) downhill.
8. I ....................................... (go) home now.
4. A) Write the questions. Use the present
b) Make questions. Write the short answer
continuous
1. It / rain?
1. What /Jessica / do?
2. You / learn / French / at school?
2. Why / John and Patrick / laugh?
3. I /speak / clearly?
3. What book / you / read?
4. Angela and Fred / dance / together?
4. What / we / watch?
5. The plane / land/ now?
5. Where / they / stay?
6. The Smiths / plan / a party?
6. Why / we / sit in the dark?
7. The children / study / in their bedroon?
7. Where / they / wait?
8. Chris / wave/ at us?
8. What / you / sell?
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PAST TENSE
I. Write the following sentences in the Past Tense.
Example: The dog (chase) the cat.
The dog chased the cat.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The dog (chase) the cat.

The cat (climb) the tree quickly.
The dog (start) to bark.
I (want) to chase the dog away.
The dogs owner (arrive) and (walk) away with it.
The cat (look) happy.
II. Write the sentences in the negative.
Example: Jane cleaned her room yesterday.
Jane didnt clean her room yesterday.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Father watched TV last night.

The teacher talked about Robinson Crusoe last week.
I wanted to read the book.
The reporter asked the film star a lot of questions.
I walked to my friends house two days ago.
III. Write the sentences in ex. III in the interrogative.
Example: Jane cleaned her room yesterday.
Did Jane clean her room yesterday?
IV. Put the verbs in the simple past and translate the texts.
a) When I (come) home, I (find) that the family had finished dinner. I (sit) down and (eat) mine,
which (be) still on the table. I had only just begun when the door-bell (ring). It (be) a friend of mine. I (tell) him to wait
until I (finish) eating. My mother (ask) him whether he (like) a cup of coffee. He (say) he would rather read until I (be)
ready.
b) One day while I (sit) in a caf, a man (come) over to my table and (ask) if he may sit down for a
few minutes. After we (speak) for some time, we (find) out that we once had met in Europe. He said, "I (arrive) here
two weeks ago and I (not make) up my mind whether or not to stay here." " If I (be) you," I said, "I would learn the
language as quickly as I (can) and then make a tour of the country. It would be easier then to make up your mind."
V. Change the verbs in brackets into the past simple.
0
I (finish) finished my book last week.
1
A plane (fly) ________________ over our house.
2
Peter (have) ________________ a sandwich for lunch.
3
The bus (arrive) ________________ two hours late.
4
My sister (make) ________________ a big cake for my birthday.
5
John always (wear) ________________ a uniform to school.
6
Kevin (run) ________________ to school, yesterday.
7
It (begin) ________________ to rain.
8
We (play) ________________ football for hours.
9
My family (go) ________________ to Portugal for a holiday.
10
We (jump) ________________ into the swimming pool.
VI. Write statements, negative sentences or questions with used to.
0
you/have/brown hair (question) Did you use to have brown hair?
1
people/use/the computer (negative) ___________________________________
2
he/go/running (statement) ___________________________________________
11
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
they/like/painting (question) _________________________________________

your brother/come/by bus (statement) __________________________________
we/drink/coffee (negative) __________________________________________
my mother/speak/Spanish (negative) __________________________________
he/live/in Paris (statement) __________________________________________
Julie/play/football (question) ________________________________________
houses/have/bathrooms indoors (negative) ______________________________
all children/go/to school (question) ____________________________________
VII. Choose the best reply (A-I) for the questions (0-8).
Do you know where the theatre is? E
A
Thats a good idea.
What does you boyfriend look like?
B
Its interesting, but very noisy.
Whats New York like?
C
Its near the theatre.
Could you tell me the time, please?
D
Its nearly four oclock.
Can I help you?
E
Yes. Its next to the post office.
Do you mind if I sit here?
F
No thanks, I can do it.
Would you like some cake.
G
Yes, please.
Lets go for some tea.
H
Hes tall, dark and handsome.
Wheres the bus station?
I
No, not at all.
IX. Translate into English.
1. Am cunoscut-o pe verioara ta n 1988.
2. Cnd Pater era tnr, alerga timp de o jumtate de or n fiecare diminea.
3. Cnd l-ai vzut ultima dat?
4. Am neles atunci ct de mult i iubea fratele.
5. Era timpul ca ei s cunoasc adevrul.
6. A fi de prere s te duci acolo ct mai curnd posibil.
7. Mary recit poezii ca i cnd ar fi o mare artist.
8. Ce ora ai vizitat anul trecut?
9. De-a ti adresa lui acum.
10. A dori s nelegei situaia aceasta.
PRACTICE I
SIMPLE & CONTINUOUS PAST
I. Put the verbs in parentheses into the Past Simple or the Past Continuous and translate
(Scrie verbul din paranteze la trecut simplu sau continuu i tradu):
1. The ship (approach) _______________ Cape Town when the tornado (begin) _______________ .
2. The bomb (go) _______________ off when the president (give) _______________ a speech.
3. He (not hear) ________________ the bell because the radio (play) _______________ .
4. When I (get) ________________ home everybody (dance) _______________ .
5. The plane (catch) _______________ fire when it (take) ________________ of.
6. Tim (crash) _______________ into a street light because he (drive) _______________ too fast.
II. Turn the following into the interrogative and negative (Transform urmtoarele propoziii
n propoziii interogative i negative):
1. The children were laughing. 2. The man was waiting. 3. I was translating the text. 4. You were looking at
the picture. 5. The girl was coming home. 6. I was learning a poem. 7. The boys were drawing red cars. 8.
Mother was making the bed. 9. You were leaving the office. 10. We were buying fresh fruit.
III. Translate into English (Tradu n limba englez):
1. Cnd am plecat de la poliie John i soia lui nc mai vorbeau cu un poliist.
2. Ce se ntmpla n casa ta cnd am trecut pe la tine ieri sear? Am sunat la u dar nu mi-a
rspuns nimeni, dei se auzea muzic nuntru.
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3. I-am pus aceast ntrebare de cteva ori, dar el nu m-a auzit fiindc citea ziarul.
4. Eu nc dormeam cnd a venit stewardesa s ne spunem c trecem peste Himalaya.
5. Nu ne-am dus la teatru ieri deoarece nite prieteni de-ai notri veneau pe la ora apte.
IV. Change the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous (Schimb
timpul verbelor din paranteze n trecut simplu sau continuu):
0
For dinner, my sister (eat) ate pizza, but I (have) had soup.
1
My brother (drink) ________________ coffee while he (do) ________________ his homework.
2
He (walk) ________________ into the classroom, then he (sit) ________________ down.
3
While I (study) ________________ , Sue (run) ________________ into the library.
4
When the class (finish) ________________ , the teacher (drive) ________________ home.
5
Harry (sing) _______________ a song when Jane (come) _______________ in.
6
Nothing happened when I (turn on) ________________ the DVD player.
7
It (start) ________________ to rain while I (walk) ________________ to the park.
8
Yuki (listen) ________________ to the radio when the phone (ring) ________________ .
9
The children (go) ________________ the cinema last night.
10
Mr. Jones (find) ________________ some money when he (clean) ________________ the
cupboards.
V. Read the paragraph. Choose the best tense for each space. Translate. (Citete paragraful.
Alege cel mai bun timp pentru fiecare spaiu. Tradu):
My grandfather (0) C to the same school as me. He (1) ______ to our school last week to talk to the class
about what it (2) ______ like in the old days. He (3) ______ he (4)______ the names of all his teachers.
One of them still teaches at the school.
He (5) ______ art and music, but now he only teaches music. As he (6) ______ , he
(7) ______ us pictures of his school friends. He (8) ______ us that the boys
(9) ______ only football, but now we play basketball as well. He thinks things
(10) ______ better in the old days.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
A goes
A comes
A was being
A said
A remembered
A is teaching
A talks
A is showing
A told
A play
A are
B was going
B came
B is
B says
B remembers
B used to teach
B is talking
B showed
B is telling
B were playing
B were
C used to go
C was coming
C was
C was saying
C was remembering
C teaches
C was talking
C was showing
C tells
C used to play
C used to
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FOLLOW UP
PRESENT TENSES
I. Completai cu forma cea mai potrivit a verbului din paranteze, folosind prezentul
continuu sau prezentul simplu:
Jack is a teacher. He teaches (teach) at a University. He isnt teaching (not teach) at the moment,
he is on holiday. He is reading (read) a newspaper on the beach.
Emma and Ben are brother and sister. Emma . (love) Ben and Ben . (love) Emma.
They usually . (play) together, but today Emma . (help) her mother to make a cake. Its Bens
birthday and he .. (have) a party. His father . (prepare) the decorations and the games
because Ben .. (like) to have fun and games at his parties. Ben usually . (invite) ten friends,
but only nine . (come) today. Henry . (not come), he .. (not feel) well, he has a cold. He
often . (catch) a cold in winter.
II. Tradu n limba englez folosind prezentul simplu sau continuu dup caz:
1. M ntreb de ce nici bieelul nici fetia nu dorm la aceast or. De obicei ei deja dorm la aceast
or.
2. Copacii nfloresc aa c grdinile au un miros plcut.
3. Mereu mi d telefon i mi pune ntrebri stupide.
4. M bucur c i place cadoul meu.
5. Copii par foarte obosii n aceast diminea.
6. Tata se scoal foarte devreme, dar se brbierete, se spal i i ia micul dejun aa de ncet nct
nu auzim nimic.
B
I.
Put each verb in brackets into either the present simple or the
present continuous.
Dear Aunt Jean,

I ....................(just write )to tell you how much I enjoy the money you sent me, and to tell you
how I........................( get on )in my first term at university. Actually, I............................... (really
enjoy) myself! I.......................... (study) quite hard as well, but at the moment
I.................................(spend) a lot of time just making friends. I...................... (still stay) with my
friend Sue, and I.......................( look for) somewhere of my own to live. Only a few of the firstyear students.................. (live) in college here, and I............................(seem) to be spending a lot
of time travelling backwards and forwards. I....................... (go) to lectures every morning, and
most afternoons I....................(study) in the library. In fact I ...............(write) this letter instead of
an essay on Hamlet! I........................ (think) Ill buy some new clothes with the money you sent.
Everything ......................(cost) a lot here, and I.......................(save) to buy a winter coat.
It...........................(get) really cold here in the evenings. I now........................(know) some other
students and generally speaking we......................(have) quite a good time socially! I................
(also learn) to drive. See you soon.
Katherine.
II. Verbs forms and use: Complete the sentences with the correct verb
forms of present simple or continuous.
1. Where.......................these days? In a garage (she / work)
2. ..................................here in summer? Not very often. (it / rain )
3. Bonjour. Sorry, I........................................ French. ( not / speak )
4. Your English.........................................better. Oh, thank you (get)
5. ...........................................................golf? Yes, but not very well (you/play)
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6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Who.........................................to ? My boyfriend (you / write)

Wheres Susan?................................ now (she / come )
Well, goodnight....................................to bed. (I / go)
Water..................................................... at 100C. ( boil)
..............................................................? not yet (that water / boil)
III.. .Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box.
perform repair (2x) care serve help sell treat build deliver fly play
design (2x) teach fight cure administrate
a- An architect houses.
b- Builders and repair houses.
c- A car mechanic cars.
defg-
Dentists peoples teeth.

A teacher lessons to his/her students.
Factory workers manual or industrial labor.
An engineer or services machines.
h- A DJ music at parties or
discos.
i- Firefighters fires.
j-
A lawyer people with legal

problems.
k- A nurse for the sick or
disabled.
l- Sales assistants things in a shop.
m- Doctorssick people.
n- A pilot planes.
o- A postman letters and packages.
p- Executives a project, activity
or business.
q- Waiters food in restaurants.
r- A web designer web pages.
IV. Complete the conversations. Use the Present Continuous of the verbs
in brackets.
a- A: (Donna/speak) Italian to that man?
B: Yes, she She (learn) it
at night school.
b- A: (you/enjoy) the party?
B: Yes, we We (have) a
great time.
15
c- A: (you/do) here?
B: I (wait) for some friends.
d- A: (Holly/use) her computer?
B: No, she She (not do)
any work today.
e- A: (they/watch) the news at the moment?
B: No, they They
(prepare) dinner.
V. Look at the pictures. Write the correct form of the verbs in brackets
in the Simple Present or Present Continuous.
a- Its 09:00 p.m. Jennifer Robbins
(sit) at
home.
b- She usually
(report) the news on television, but
now she (watch) it.
cdefg-
At work she (wear) a suit.

Now she (wear) jeans and a T-shirt.
She (drink) a cup of tea.
At work she (drink) bottled water.
Jennifer is a newscaster. She (think) the news is
very important.
h- She (love) her job, but at the moment she
(enjoy) her day off.
~ focus on simple past ~

A FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE PAST SIMPLE OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS:
When I ___________ (be) in Japan I ___________ (find) everything very different.
Two years ago my parents _________ (buy) a new car.
Last summer Peter ________ (spend) his holidays in a summer camp with his friends.
They _________ (go) swimming, they _________ (play) football and golf they _______
(visit) many interesting places.
My sister ________ (get) a good job in a bank.
Susan and her cousins ___________ (come) to Portugal ten years ago.
B COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE PAST SIMPLE (AFFIRMATIVE /
NEGATIVE / INTERROGATIVE) OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS:
My sister and her husband _________ (come) from Greece.
I __________ (not like) the U2 concert.
My cousin __________ (phone) from France yesterday evening.
On Monday Johann ___________ (go) to school on foot.
(they / leave) ___________ the country last Saturday?
(you / like) _____________ the film?
They _________ (not finish) the homework yesterday.
(she / go) _____________ to the cinema with her parents last night?
No, she didnt. She ___________ (stay) at home. She __________ (get) a cold.
16
We _________ (go) to Spain by car.

I _____________ (have) a wonderful holiday with my family last July.
(you / travel) _________ to Madrid by car or by plane?
Many years ago it __________ (be) very difficult to live without electricity.
Last year they _______ (buy) a house at the seaside.
I __________ (meet) him the day before yesterday.
C CHOOSE THE BEST OPTION FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES:
Mrs. Harris __________ the last train.
a) Take
b) took
c) did take
There ________ many people here last night.
a) Was
b)were
c) wasnt
He _________ at home with me yesterday evening.
a) Were
b) was
c) be
She ___________with her family on holidays.
a) Go
b) did go c) went
He ___________ some books and CDs.
a) Brought
b) bought c) did buy
They __________ their passports at home.
a) Leave
b) did leave c) left
She ________some interesting photos.
a) Take
b)taken
c) took
It __________ a good present.
a) Were
b) was
c) is
___________ (she /arrive) home at 5:30?
a) Did she arrived b) did she arrive c) arrived
D. FILL IN THE MISSING VERBS IN THE TEXT TO FIND OUT A FASCINATING STORY
ABOUT YOUR LIFE. YOU SHOULD CHANGE THE VERBS INTO THE SIMPLE PAST
TENSE IN ORDER TO MAKE SENSe
agree - smile - ask - stand - fall - shook - lose - be - begin - pour
A philosophy professor 1) ... before his class and had some items in front
of him. First he 2) ... filling a large glass jar with golf balls. The students 3)
.. that the jar 4) .... full. So the professor 5) ..... and
picked up a box of small pebbles and poured them into the jar. The pebbles, of course, 6)
... into the small spaces. Then the professor 7) .... a box of sand into
the jar, 8) .. it, and the sand completely filled the jar.
Then he explained. The jar represents your life, said the professor. The balls are the
important things your family, your religion, your health; if you 9) .
everything else, your life would still be full. The pebbles are the smaller things that matter your
job, your house, your car. The sand represents the trivial things. If you put the sand into the jar
first, there is no room for the pebbles or the balls, just like life. Take care of the rocks first- the
things that really matter. The rest is just sand.
One student 10) ... what wine represented. The professor smiled and said:
Look, what happens! then he poured the entire contents of the glasses of wine into the jar and the
tea was easily absorbed. Now its full, he said.
You know what, the professor continued, the moral of the story is simple.
No matter how full your life is, there is always room for a glass of wine with a friend.
17
~ focus on past tenses ~

A- Write When or While!
1.I was reading a book ........................................ suddenly I heard a noise.
2. ................................. Rose was cooking dinner, her husband went to work.
3. ................................ Sandra and Kathy was talking in the living-room,the doorbell
rang.
4.Ben was playing in a basketball team ................................. he was a kid.
5. Sharon came home ................................... her brother was playing video games.
6. ................................... Angela got home, she was making some coffee.
7. They were sleeping ........................................... the burglars broke in.
8. We were having a lesson ........................................ we heard a terrrible noise.
9. ...................................... I was cycling, the rain started.
10. He broke his arm ....................................... he was playing basketball.
B- Write the correct form of the verbs!
1-She met him while she ___________________(travel) on a train.
2-While the was woman getting off the bus, she_______________(fall down).
3-The thief ___________________(break) into while we were sleeping.
4-John took a photo while I ____________________(not/look).
5-While my mum was working in the garden , she _______________(hurt) her back.
6-We were living in Madrid when our old aunt________________(die).
7-When I got up this morning, it _________________(rain) heavily.
8- While my dad was brushing teeth, my mum _______________ (fall asleep).
9- I saw a nightmare while I ___________________(sleep) last night.
10- What happened in your dream while a monster ___________________(chase) you?
C- Write the correct form of the verbs!
1- I _______________(study) History when my friends__________________ (come)
around.
2- While Susan_______________(walk) in the street, she ____________(meet)
an
old friend.
3- Her baby_________________ (wake) up while she __________________(clean)
the house.
4- He
__________________
(work)
when
her
wife
_______________________(phone) him.
5- The students ______________(have) a test when the storm ____________(start).
6- We ______________(see) a falling star while we ________________(go) fishing in
the lake.
7- Susan______________(fall) down while she ___________________(climb) the
ladder.
8- I ___________________(walk) along the road when I_____________(see) you with
her.
9- Tom _______________(burn)his hand while he _________________(cook)the
dinner.
10- Dady _______________(fall) asleep while he __________________(read) a book.
18
D - Present Simple or Present Continuous OR Past Simple or Past Continuous

1. Water ______________ (not/boil) at 0 degrees- it ____________ (boil) at 100.
2. When Chuck Norris _______________ (run) after a bad guy, he always
______________ (catch) him.
3. While Chuck ____________________ (eat) dinner, he ________________ (load) his
gun.
4. Every day Chuck _______________ (get up) at 7 oclock- he ____________ (not/get
up) at noon. He has missions to accomplish.
5. Why _______ you __________ (call) me 20 times yesterday? _________ you
___________ (realize) that my phone __________________ (not/work)?
6. I cant stand Justin. He always ________________ (throw) things in class.
7. Right now our English teacher _________________(talk) to us about the past
continuous and the whole class ________________(sleep)- they _______________
(not/listen) to her.
8. Look! Chuck Norris is outside and he ____________ (walk) by our school!
9. In 1850 nobody ______________ (play) Minecraft. There ____________ (not/be) any
computer games then and worst of all- there ___________ (not/be) any TV!
10. After school I usually ____________ (watch) TV to relax and then I ___________
(do) my homework.
11. This week my handball team __________________ (practice) three times instead of
two. We _________________ (play) against the Halandri team on Saturday.
12. Chuck Norris ____________ (drive) his Lotus very fast when a giant monster
____________ (appear) in front of him. He __________ (stop) in time.
13. Sorry, Mrs. Crabtree, I _____________ (not/find) my English homework. I think I
____________(leave) it at my friends house last night.
14. Chuck Norris ___________(not/believe) in ghosts. He ___________ (think) they
_________ (not/exist).
15. My parents ________ (not/let) me go to the Lady Gaga concert last month. They
___________(think) that the tickets ___________ (cost) too much money.
16. Radio announcer says: Pele ___________ (pass) the ball to Ronaldo and he
_________ (kick the ball to Messi who ____________ (make) a goal.
17. As Chuck Norris _____________ (draw) his gun out of the holster, the robber
_________(panic) and __________(run) away.
18. Everyone __________ be) scared of Chuck Norris. You can say that again.
19. Chuck Norris ___________ (hate) robbers and killers. He ___________ (not/need)
even a gun to frighten them away.
20. Yesterday Chuck Norris _________ (become) the winner of the strongest man in the
world.
19
PAST CONTINUOUS
- follow up Task 1 - Form the Gerund form of the following verbs.
1)
get
6)
lie
___________________
____________________
2)
open
7)
run
__________________
___________________
3)
take
8)
make
__________________
__________________
4)
travel
9)
cut
_________________
___________________
5)
do
10)
eat
____________________
___________________
Task 2 - Fill in the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the Past
Continuous Tense.
1) They ___________________________ in the lake yesterday afternoon. (swim)
2) He ___________________________ on the coach. (sleep)
3) I ___________________________ a book. (read)
4) We ___________________________ breakfast at 7 am yesterday. (have)
5) Sarah ___________________________ the fence. (paint)
6) The kids ___________________________ the picture. (colour)
7) You ___________________________ about the accident. (talk)
8) The dog ___________________________ all last night. (bark)
9) We ___________________________ to the radio yesterday morning. (listen)
10) Pete ___________________________ his car last weekend. (wash)
Task 3 - Write the correct forms (Past Continuous) of the verbs on the lines from
this list.
to cook
to sing
to drink
to wash
to hide
to watch
to plant
to water
to play
to write
1) When I saw him he ___________________________ some milk.
2) You ___________________________ football when you broke your leg.
3) Steve ___________________________ TV when the lights went out.
4) We ___________________________ when the guests arrived.
5) Mum ___________________________ up when someone knocked at the door.
6) Nelly ___________________________ songs on the concert.
7) John and Jim ___________________________ behind a tree when they were playing
hide-and-seek.
8) I ___________________________ the flowers when you came in.
20
Task 4 Rewrite the sentences into Past Continuous and use the given phrases.
e.g.: The boys are fighting in the schoolyard. (at 3 pm yesterday)
The boys were fighting in the schoolyard at 3 pm yesterday.
1) They climbed the mountain. (when he fell off)
2) My dads waiting for me. (at 4 pm yesterday)
3) You have a shower every day. (when the telephone rang)
4) Ill go home. (when I had a puncture)
5) The kids played in the sands. (yesterday)
6) Youve put on some warm clothes. (when I came in)
7) Tom rides a bike on Mondays. (when I saw him)
8) Theyre cleaning the windows now. (when it started to rain)
9) He will take notes. (from 2 to 4 yesterday)
10) Mums ironed the laundry. (yesterday afternoon)
11) The students studied Maths two days ago. (yesterday)
12) I am staying with my friend this week. (last week)
Task 5 Write sentences using the given words and the verbs in Past Continuous.
e.g.: I * write * a letter * while * you * read.
I was writing a letter while you were reading.
1) Mum * vacuum-clean * while * dad * wash * the car.
2) The kids * draw * pictures * while * the parents * do * the gardening.
3) Eve and Dora * skip * the rope * while * the others * play * hide-and-seek.
4) Marge * lie * in the sun * while * Dave * swim * in the sea.
5) John * build * a sandcastle * while * his mum * solve * crossword puzzles.
6) Sally * colour * some pictures * while * her sister * paint * a tree.
7) I * eat * some biscuits * while * I * wait * for you.
8) The dog * sleep * under the bed * while * Sue * bake * a cake.
9) It * get * dark * while * I * talk * on the phone.
10) Tim * play * the piano * while * his parents * listen * to it.
11) Mandy * tidy * the room * while * mum * wash * the clothes.
12) We * do * the homework * while * dad * watch * a football match.
Task 6 - Write the verbs in brackets into Past continuous tense.
1.- At 10,30 am Richard (train) with his team for the football match.
2.- Sheila .. (fly) to Barcelona and she . (read) a magazine.
3.-My team (lose) the match so I was very sad.
4.-The housekeeper . (organize) the bedrooms.
5.-The two friends (finish) the Maths project.
6.-The manager .. (talk) to the customer.
7.-Johnny ....(wear) an elegant grey suit and a blue tie.
8.-Miriam (shout) and I . (cry)
9.-The photographers (take) good photos of the event.
10.-The top model .. (present) a creation by Chanel.
11.- A woman . (explain) the pictures at the museum.
21
12.-Interpol .. (look )for the criminals.

13.-The famous painter (give) an interview on TV.
14.-Barbara (relax) in sea resort.
15.-My sister (paint) his nails in the bathroom.
16.-The maid ... (polish) the silverware.
17.-The girls (rehearse) the play.
18.-The cat .. (run) after the mouse.
19.-The footballer .. (kick) the football.
20.- The policeman (question) the suspect at the police station.
20.- Michael .. (not tell) the truth to me.
21 .-Yolanda (not listen) to what I (say)
22.-The man (try) to start the car.
23.-He . (get) furious and exhausted.
24.-The parrot (sit) on the pirates shoulder.
25.-Liana (share) the limousine with some friends.
26.-They .. (celebrate) her wedding anniversary.
27.-Alex . (design) some cool handbags.
22
PRESENT SIMPLE vs. PRESENT

CONTINUOUS
~ multiple choice quiz ~
1
John __________ at this moment.

Arrive
Arrives
are arriving
is arriving
John always __________ on time for meetings.
Arrive
Arrives
are arriving
is arriving
Barbara usually __________ dinner for her husband after work.
Cook
Cooks
are cooking
is cooking
This week Barbara is away on business so Tom __________ dinner for
himself.
Cook
Cooks
are cooking
is cooking
Mr. and Mrs. Parsons __________ to work together every day.
Drive
Drives
are driving
is driving
Today Mr. and Mrs. Parsons __________ to work separately because Mr.
Parsons has to go to a meeting at another branch.
Drive
Drives
are driving
is driving
My parents normally __________ breakfast at 7:00 a.m.
Eat
Eats
are eating
23
is eating
8
10
At the moment my parents are on vacation, so they __________ breakfast

much later.
Eat
Eats
are eating
is eating
My husband and his colleague__________ golf right now.
Play
Plays
are playing
is playing
My husband and his colleague __________ golf whenever they are not too
busy.
Play
Plays
are playing
is playing
11. I ________ you're crazy!

A. ? think
B. ? am thinking
12. You won't find Jerry at home right now. He ________ in the library.
a. ? studies
b. ? is studying
13. I ________ lunch in the cafeteria every day.
a. ? have
b. ? am having
14. Don't give Jan any cheese. She ________ it!
a. ? hates
b. ? is hating
15. Once a week, I ________ to an art class at the college.
a. ? go
b. ? am going
16. Marie-Claude isn't a Canadian. I ________ she comes from France.
a. ? believe
b. ? am believing
17. It ________ quite hard perhaps we shouldn't go out tonight.
a. ? snows
b. ? is snowing
18. Salman is rich he ________ a Mercedes.
a.
drives
b. ? is driving
19. I ________ to Toronto next Thursday. Do you want to come?
a. ? go
24
b. ? am going
20. Look! Junko ________ into the water.
a. ? jumps
b. ? is jumping
21) A: What ................ ? B: He's an engineer.
a. is your father doing
b. is your father do
c. does your father do
d. does your father doing
22) Why ................... sunglasses? It's cloudy today.
a. do you wear
b. are you wearing
c. do you wearing
d. are you wear
23) A: How often .................... to the cinema? B: About once a month.
a. do you go
b. are you going
c. are you go
d. do you going
24) ............... a really good book at the moment.
a. I read
b. I'm reading
c. I reading
25) He................... an iphone, an ipad and a computer. He's so lucky!
a. is having
b. have
c. has
26) Bill ................... really hard at the moment because his company has just received a big order
from China.
a. works
b. is working
c. is work
27) It ............. a lot in La Spezia in winter.
a. rains
b. rain
c. is raining
28) A: Where's John? B: He's in the bathroom. He ............... a shower.
a. has
b. is having
c. is making
d. is doing
29) A: What ........................ ? B: I'm looking for my glasses.
a. are you doing
b. do you do
c. you are doing
30) A: ..................... the party? B: Yes, very much, thank you.
a. Are you enjoying
b. Do you enjoy
c. Are you enjoy
d. Do you enjoying
25
PAST SIMPLE vs. PRESENT CONTINUOUS

~ multiple choice quiz ~
1.
b.
c.
d.
2.
a.
b.
c.
d.
3.
a.
b.
c.
d.
4.
a.
b.
c.
d.
5.
a.
b.
c.
d.
6.
a.
b.
c.
d.
7.
a.
b.
c.
d.
8.
a.
b.
c.
d.
9.
a.
b.
c.
d.
10.
We ............... (go) to the park when a strange man ................. (ask) us for money.
a. went / asked
were going / was asking
were going / asked
went / was going
My father ................. (read) a newspaper while his friends ................. (prepare) dinner.
was reading / were preparing
read / prepared
was reading / prepared
read / was preparing
Peter ................. (get) up, ................. (eat) breakfast and .................. (go) to work.
was getting / was eating / was going
got / was eating / went
got / ate / was going
got / ate / went
When Jane ................. (wash) her hair, her neighbour ................. (come) in.
was washing / was coming
washed / was coming
was washing / came
washed / came
Susan ................. (break) her leg while she ................. (ski).
was breaking / was skiing
broke / was skiing
broke / skied
was breaking / was skiing
I ................. (meet) my wife when I ................. (do) shopping in Auchan.
met / did
met / was doing
was meeting / did
was meeting / was doing
My sister ................. (do) her homework and then she ................. (tidy) her room.
did / tidied
was doing / tidyed
did / was tidying
was doing / was tidying
While the children ................. (sing) their teacher ................. (play) the piano.
sang / played
sang / was playing
was singing / was playing
was singing / played
When Tim ................. (tell) a story the other pupils ................. (whistle).
told / were whistling
was telling / whistled
told / whistled
was telling / were whistling
Harry ................. (play) computer games when he ................. (hear) a strange noise.
26
a.
b.
c.
d.
11.
a.
b.
c.
d.
12.
a.
b.
c.
d.
13.
a.
b.
c.
d.
14.
a.
b.
c.
d.
15.
a.
b.
c.
d.
16.
a.
b.
c.
d.
17.
a.
b.
c.
d.
18.
a.
b.
c.
d.
19.
a.
b.
c.
d.
played / heard
was playing / was hearing
was playing / hear
was playing / heard
They ................. (break) a pot while they ................. (water) the flowers.
broke / were watering
broke / watered
was breaking / was watering
was breaking / watered
The wind ................. (blow) when Peter ................. (see) an owl on a tree.
blew / was seeing
was blowing / was seeing
was blowing / saw
blew / saw
Davids baby ................. (start) to cry when it ................. (see) an old lady.
was begining / was seeing
began / saw
began / was seeing
was begining / saw
My mother ................. (have) a shower when the lights ................. (go) out.
was having / went
had / went
had / were going
was having / were going
It ................. (start) to rain when we ................. (play) tennis.
was starting / were playing
was starting / played
was starting / plaied
started / were playing
He ................. (sit) down, ................. (take) a pen and paper and ................... (write) a
letter.
sat / took / wrote
sat / took / was writing
was sitting / took /was writing
sat / was taking / was writing
The students ................. (write) a test when Tim ................. (drop) his pen.
wrote / was dropping
were writing / was dropping
were writing / dropped
wrote / dropped
Sam ................. (watch) TV while Bruce ................. (eat) a sandwich.
was watching / was eating
watched / ate
was watching / ate
watched / was eating
Martin and Eve ................. (take) photos when a strange object ................. (appear) in the
sky.
took / appeared
took / was appearing
were taking / appeared
were taking / was appearing
27
20.
Kim ................. (visit) two museums, ................. (drink) a bottle of mineral water
and ................. (drive) away.
a.
visited / drank / was driving
b.
visited / drank / drove
c.
was visiting / was drinking / was driving
d.
was visiting / drank/ was driving
21. When I saw Dave, he __________.
is working
worked
was working
22. You had a good time at the party, __________ you?
hadn't
didn't
weren't
23. __________ when the telephone rang?
Were you sleeping
Did you sleep
Were sleeping
24. Dave, when __________ the ESL Cafe on the Web?
were you begin
began
did you begin
25. You __________ me, did you?
understood
weren't understanding
didn't understand
26. When __________ yesterday morning?
you got up
did you get up
were you getting up
27. While I __________ to work, I saw an accident.
drove
was driving
did drive
28. __________ well on this quiz?
Did you
Were you
Did you do
28
THE NOUN
1. Numarul substantivelor
Numarul substantivelor reprezinta forma pe care o ia un substantiv pentru a arata ca ne
referim la unul sau mai multe obiecte sau fiinte.
Singularul este forma de baza a unui substantiv: dog, girl, wife, world, storm (furtuna)
Pluralul regulat al substantivelor se formeaza prin adaugarea unui s la forma de
singular:
- Ex.: cat+s = cats (pisici), day+s = days (zile), world+s = worlds (lumi)
Pluralul substantivelor teminate n: ch, o, sh, s, x; se formeaza adaugnd es la singular:
- Ex.: church+es = churches (biserici), bush+es = bushes (tufisuri), class+es = classes
(clase), potato+es = potatoes (cartofi),box+es = boxes (cutii)
Pluralul neregulat: Sunt unele substantive care formeaza forma de plural neregulata.
Substantive terminate n consoana+y formeaza pluralul cu ies:
Ex.: company - companies (companii), factory - factories (fabrici), baby babies (bebelusi)
Unele substantive terminate n o fac plural prin adaugarea unui s:
Ex.: soprano - sopranos (soprane), piano - pianos (piane), photo - photos
(fotografii)
Unele substantive terminate n f sau fe vor avea la plural schimbarea n ves:
Ex.: leaf - leaves (frunze), half - halves (jumatati), wife - wives, life - lives
(vieti), self - selves (insine), wolf - wolves (lupi)
Exceptii: roof - roofs (acoperisuri), handkerchief - handkerchiefs (batiste), gulf - gulfs
(golfuri, prapastii), wharf - wharfs/ wharves (debarcadere)
Cteva substantive formeaza pluralul prin schimbarea unei vocale interne:
Ex.: foot - feet (picioare [talpa]), man - men (barbati), tooth - teeth (dinti)
Pluralul substantivului child (copil) este children. (copii).
Unele substantive ramn la fel si pentru plural:
Ex.: aircraft (avion, avioane), deer (caprioara, caprioare), series (serie, serii),
sheep (oaie, oi), species (specie, specii), fish (peste, pesti)
Pluralul substantivelor compuse
n cazul substantivelor compuse numai ultimul cuvnt va trece la plural.
Ex.: boy-friends (iubiti), break-ins (spargeri), travel agents (agentii de turism)
Exceptii: substantivele compuse al caror prim element este man sau woman vor forma
pluralul pentru ambele substantive componente.
Ex.: men drivers (soferi), women teachers (profesoare), men servants (servitori)
n cazul substantivelor compuse formate din constructii de genul substantiv +
prepozitie / adverb + substantiv, doar substantivul de baza va primi semnul pluralului.
Ex.: sisters-in-law, passers-by, men-of-war, hangers-on, lookers-on, runners-up
Abrevierile sau initialele vor forma pluralul prin adaugarea unui s:
Ex.: MPs (Members of Parliament), VIPs (very important persons)
2. Substantivele unice (uncountable nouns)
Substantivele unice sunt cele care in engleza nu se numara (uncountable) deoarece
reprezinta unicate sau obiecte puternic individualizate, ori notiuni abstracte.
29
Nume de substante - bread (paine), coffee (cafea), gold (aur), pepper (piper), glass
(sticla), oil (ulei, petrol), stone (piatra), wood (lemn).
Abstractiuni - earth (pamant), paradise (paradis), nature (natura), the present (prezentul),
advice (sfat), death (moarte), help (ajutor), information (informatie), news (stire), beauty
(frumusete), experience (experienta), knowledge (cunoastere), friendship (prietenie),
theory (teorie), literature (literatura).
Alte substantive - baggage (bagaj), damage (dauna), shopping (cumparaturi), reading
(citire), luggage (bagaje), parking (parcare), weather (vreme).
3. Forma posesiva
Pentru a exprima posesiunea unui substantiv, se foloseste Forma posesiva a
substantivului, care se formeaza in diferite moduri.
- La forma de singular a substantivelor care nu se termina n s se adauga 's :
Ex.: a child's voice (vocea unui copil), the people's choice (alegerea oamenilor), a
dog's mouth (gura unui caine), women's clothes (haine de /pt. femei)
- Cu formele de plural ale substantivelor care se termina n s se foloseste doar apostroful
(') :
Ex.: a boys' school (o scoala de baieti), the sisters' house (casa surorilor)
- Numele proprii terminate n s vor primi fie doar apostrof ('), fie 's :
Ex.: Mr Jones's / Mr Jones' car (masina domnului John), Yeats's / Yeats' poems
(poeziile lui Yeats)
- n cazul substantivelor compuse si a titlurilor, ultimul cuvnt va primi 's :
Ex.: My father-in-law's guitar (chithara socrului meu), Henry the Eighth's wife (a opta
sotie a lui Henry)
- 's se foloseste si dupa initiale sau abrevieri:
Ex.: The CEO's assistant (asistentii CEO), the PM's speech (discursul de /a lui PM)
Forma posesiva se foloseste n general cnd vorbim de oameni, animale, tari. Se foloseste
si n urmatoarele cazuri:
a) n expresii temporale:
Ex.: yesterday's newspaper (ziarul de ieri), in five years' time (in timp de 5 ani), ten
minutes' break (pauza de zece minute)
b) n expresii construite dupa modelul bani + worth of (bani + in valoare de):
Ex.: ten dollars' worth of bananas (banane de zece dolari), a shilling's worth of stamps
(timbre in valoare de un siling)
c) n alte expresii uzuale, cum ar fi:
Ex.: for heaven's sake (pentru Dumnezeu), a winter's day (o zi de iarna), the water's
edge (marginea apei), the plane's wings (aripi de avion), the train's departure (statia de
tren)
~ practice time ~
PLURAL OF NOUNS
1. My grandparents ____ eleven children.
are
has
have
is
2. The Evans have four _____, two boys and two girls.
childs
childrens
children
child
30
3. Three or four ____ are sitting on chairs.

man
mans
men
mens
4. Mrs Brown is speaking to three or four ____.
women
woman
wimin
wamen
waman e is brought to you by www.nonstopenglish.com
5. There ___ many people in the park.
is
have
has
can
are
6. ____ people have only two children.
A
An
Any
Many
Much
7. In some countries you can have more ____.
wieves
wife
wifes
wiffes
wives
8. These people ____ a nice house.
wants
is
have
has
can
9. One man - two ____.
man
mean
men
min
mine
10. ____ shoes cost too much.
That
These
This
Those
11. ____ there any tea in the cup?
Many
Is
How
Do
Are
12. One fish - two ____.
fisch
fisches
fish
fishes
COUNTABLE vs. UNCOUNTABLE
1. He did not need _____.
lot of helps
many helps
much help
2. How _____ did they need?
much helpings
much helps
much sands
much sandes
much sand
many sands
many sandes
3. How _____ did he eat?
big chocolate
many chocolate
much chocholate
much chocholates
much
chocolate
4. How _____ do you want?
very tea
much teas
much tea
many teas
many tea
5. There weren't _____ at the meeting.
many woman
many women
many womens
much woman
much women
6. So _____ came that we ran out of food.
much people
many persons
many person
many peoples
many people
7. Don't talk too _____.
lot
many
much
much thing
very
8. I do not have _____.
many work
many works
much work
much works
much works
9. He hasn't got _____ as a teacher.
much experiences
much experience
many experiences
many experience
a lot of experiences
10. We did not make _____.
much mistakes
much mistake
many mistook
many mistakes
many mistake
11. It was not _____ to live with him.
much funs
much funny
much funnies
much fun
many funs
12. This company doesn't have _____.
much machinery
much machineries
much machiner
many machineries
lot of machineries
31
13. Not _____ like maths.

many children
many childrens
many childs
much children
much childrens
14. There was _____ at meeting on Friday.
a lot of fusses
many fuss
many fusses
much fuss
much fusses
15. How _____ do you have?
much sheeps
much sheep
many sheeps
many sheep
big sheeps
16. How _____ do you have?
a lot of luggages
many luggage
many luggages
much luggage
much
luggages
17. I haven't read _____ about World War II.
much informations
much information
many informations
many
information
lot of informations
18. We haven't got _____ this week.
lot of homeworks
many homework
many homeworks
much homework
much homeworks
19. This company does not need _____.
lot of machine
many machine
many machines
much machine
much
machines
20. He did not give me _____.
much advices
much advice
many advices
many advice
a lot of
advices
~ THE NOUN follow up ~

1. Explicai de ce s-a transformat sau nu s-a transformat y la urmtoarele substantive
plurale:
baby babies, key keys, butterfly butterflies
2. Traducei n limba romn:
The sheep is a mild animal.
Our sheep ar in the mountains now.
Where are your children?
The child begins to speak.

The geese are near the lake.
Our kids like the mice in the cartoons.
3. Punei substantivele din parantez la numrul plural:

There are hundreds of (book) .................. on the (shelf) ..................
All his (toy) ............... are in his room.
Those (man)................. are (tourist).......................
(Child) ........................... like (story) .........................
(Leaf) .................... fall in autumn.
There are lots of (goose) ....................... on that farm.
Did you buy any (potato) ..................... yesterday?
Those (woman) .................... are (housewife) .........................
There are some (mouse) ................... in the barn.
4. Trecei la plural urmtoarele substantive:
class, month, piano, deer, advice, information, hobby, money, map, furniture, box.
32
5. Care sunt corespondentele feminine ale urmtoarelor substantive masculine?

son, nephew, uncle, father, friend, brother, boy, student, husband, man, king.
6. Vorbii despre familia dumneavoastr n cel puin zece propoziii. Includei i cuvintele:
uncle, aunt, cousin, sister, mother, father, grandmother, grandfather.
7. Formulai propoziii cu substantive la genitiv, conform modelului:
John has got a book. This is Johns book.
My neighbour has got a car.
Lily has got a doll.
Dick has got a new bicycle.
My cousin has got a new toy.
Mister White has got an umbrella.
Lawrence and Paul have got an electric train.
Peter has got a bicycle and Mary has got a bicycle too.
33
~ Follow up 2 ~
A. Write the correct plural form.
1. Man
___________
2. Hero
___________
3. Ox
___________
4. Fox
___________
5. Knife
___________
6. Table
___________
7. Horse
___________
8. Dish
___________
9. Day
___________
10. Child
___________
11. Tomato ___________
12. Person
___________
13. Computer ___________
14. Mouse
___________
15. Wife
___________
16. Baby
___________
17. Door
___________
18. Sandwich ___________
19. Briefcase ___________
20. Thesis
___________
21. Cactus
___________
22. Dictionary ___________
23. Book
___________
24. Foot
___________
25. Class
___________
B. Change into the plural.

1-A child under twelve is not allowed to see this film.
2-A man is looking at the film poster.
3-This baby has got one tooth.
4-This actress is really beautiful.
5-That actor usually dresses as a cowboy.
6-A sheriff saw the thief.
7-There is only one wolf on the prairie.
8-This woman owns a ranch in the Farwest.
9- A buffalo is drinking water from the lake.
10-A famous persons life is an interesting piece of news.
11-The book is on the table.
12-A man is picking up a leaf.
13-This piano is very expensive.
14-That knife was used by the thief.
15. There is only one shelf in his bedroom.
C. Write the noun in the correct form (singular or plural):
Tweet, tweet, tweet.

My bird alarm _________ (clock) woke me up gently. I opened my big brown
_________(eye) and smiled. Catch those ___________(dimple) in my _________ (cheek). I
always wake up with a __________ (smile).
Hey, Im Bernie Bridges. Why shouldnt I smile? I had no ________(idea) today was the
_______ (day) it would all start. No _____ (idea) that today would lead to the Biggest Pie Battle
in the history of the __________ (school) maybe the __________(world).
How could I know? I was still half-asleep. I raised my _________(head). I could hear the
other guys in my _________ (dorm) rushing out to the Dining Hall to get _____________
(breakfast).
34
Hey, am I going to hurry? No way. I settled back on my feather ___________(pillow) and

smiled some more. I knew my faithful ____________(friend) Belzer would bring my
______________ (breakfast) in _________(bed) every _____________(morning).
Good __________(kid), Belzer.
I sat up and stretched. Bernie, youve got it made! I told myself. I talk to myself a lot. I
mean, who else understands pure __________(genius)? I put on my __________(glasses).
_____________ (sunlight) poured through my ___________ (window).
The
____________(curtain) fluttered in a cool _____________ (breeze). I gazed at my favourite
_____________(poster) on the __________ (wall), the big ______________ (poster) of ME.
You probably go __________ (home) every ___________ (day) after____________
(school).
Poor _________(sucker). My ______________ (parents) travel all the
________(time). So they sent me to the Rotten School, my __________ (home) away from
______________ (home).
Its a _________________________ (boarding school), see. That means I get to live in a
____________ (dorm) with my _____________(friend). No _____________ (parent).
How cool is that?
Actually, we live in an old ____________ (house) called Rotten House. A whole
__________ (bunch) of my fourth- and fifth-grade friends live on my __________ (floor). We
claimed
the
third
__________
(floor)
because
its
good
for
dropping
water______________( balloon) out the ______________ (window).
Mrs. Heinie is our _____________________ (dorm mother). Shes really nice, but she
has a_____________( job) to do. That means shes always snooping around, sniffing in
____________ (corners), keeping an _________(eye) on us.
Mrs. Heinie is also our fourth-grade core ________________(teacher). She has her own
_______________ (apartment) in the _______________(attic).
35
THE ENGLISH PRONOUN

Q1 - Explain it again _____, please.
Me & To Me
Q2 - She sent a letter _____.
us
to us
them
to them
Q3 - He told a joke _____.
Q4 - He sent ____ a letter.
them
to them
me
to me
Q5 - He warned ____ about it.
Q6 - Post it _____ as soon as you can, please.
us
to us
me
to me
Q7 - Ayed recommended it ____.
Q8 - He wrote _____ a very rude letter.
me
to me
me
to me
Q9 - She wrote a nice letter_____.
Q10 - Listen ____.
me
to me
me
to me
Q1 - I hurt ____ playing football.
Object Pronoun or Reflexive Pronoun?

Q2 - She hurt ____.
me
myself
him
himself
Q3 - I cut ____ shaving.
Q4 - Do you mind if I take ____ home now?
me
myself
me
myself
Q5 - I helped ____ to some food.
Q6 - I wanted to do it ____.
me
myself
me
myself
Q7 - He's so ill he can't dress ____.
Q8 - She took it upon ____ to organize everything.
him
himself
her
herself
Q9 - The decision is fine by ____.
Q10 - He helped ____ do it.
me
myself
me
myself
Q1 - It's ____ party.

my
mine
Possessive and Reflexive Pronouns

Q2 - He hurt ____.
his
himself
36
Q3 - She did it ____.
Q4 - He took it from ____ room.
hers
herself
my
myself
Either could be used here.
Q5 - I didn't believe ____ story.
Q6 - I saw it with ____ own eyes.
her
hers
my
mine
myself
Q7 - No one would help us, so we had to do it ____.
Q8 - Someone took it while ___ were asleep.
us
ourself
ourselves
ourselves
we
Q9 - He'll just have to do it ____.
Q10 - It's not ____ problem.
him
himself
our
ours
Q11 - I don't think it's____.
Q12 - Be careful or you'll hurt ____!
mine
my
myself
yourself
yourselves
Q13 - It's ____ not mine.
Q14 - She didn't do ____ best.
her
hers
herself
her
hers
herself
Q1 - Give that to ____.
Pronouns
Q2 - Did she see ___?
I
me
us
we
Q3 - Did you phone ____?
Q4 - I took it from ____.
she
her
they
them
herself
Q5 - It's not up to ____.
Q6 - My sister and ____ went there.
we
us
I
me
Q7 - Between you and ____, I think it's a stupid idea. Q8 - ____ is the white one.
I
me
Mine
My
37
Q9 - What did ____ say about it?
Q10 - They said ____ had to pay for it.
them
they
us
we
Q11 - I told ____ to be here at three o'clock.
Q12 - What did ____ want?
he
him
her
she
Q13 - Tell ____ what happened.
Q14 - If ____ have time, it should be OK.
I
me
us
we
Q15 - It's got nothing to do with ____.
Q16 - I took ____ both.
you and me
you and I
it
they
its
them
Q1 - I saw ____.
Subject and Object Pronouns

Q2 - Give it to ____.
her
she
they
them
Q3 - She kissed ____.
Q4 - He took ____.
he
him
it
them
Q5 - Did anyone see ____?
Q6 - _____ arrived on time.
us
we
Them
They
Q7 - What did ____ say?
Q8 - She's faster than ____ am.
her
she
Either could be used here
me
I
Q9 - I saw you and ____ there.
Q10 - Between you and ____, I really didn't like it.
she
her
me
I
Q11 - My brother and ____ went there.
Q12 - He gave it to me and ____.
I
we
me
she
her
38
Q1 - It took ____ an hour to get to work.
They, Them, Their & Theirs

Q2 - You take our books and I'll take ____.
they
them
their
theirs
Q3 - I am angry with both of ____.
Q4 - Do you know ____?
they
their
them
they
them
Q5 - Are ____ coming?
Q6 - It was very kind of ____ to help.
they
their
they
their
them
Q7 - Did ____ speak to you?
Q8 - Did you speak to ____?
they
them
they
them
Q9 - Have ____ been invited?
Q10 - Ask ____.
they
their
them
them
they
Fill in the blanks with suitable pronouns.

1. Does _____ (her, she) know that _____ (me, I) was absent?
2. Please tell _____ ( he, him) _____ (I, me) have obtained a degree in
Chemistry.
3. I remember that _____ (they, them) bought the fruits from _____ (we, us).
4. Please don't tell ______ (she, her) about _____ (I, me).
5. _____ can swim because _____ has webbed feet.
6. I met Alice yesterday. _____ invited _____ to her house.
7. Jane has a cat; _____ likes to play with _____.
8. When the dog chased John, _____ ran as fast as _____ could.
9. My uncle works in a factory. _____ says _____ is a noisy place.
10. The teacher said to the class, "When _____ finished your work, please pass
_____ up to me."
Fill each blank with a suitable Reflexive Pronoun.
1. He rewarded _____ with an ice-cream.
2. They agreed amongst _____ that they would not tell anyone.
3. I taught _____ to draw.
4. You must explain _____ more clearly.
5. He has a bad temper so he must learn to control _____.
6. We thoroughly enjoyed _____ at the party on Sunday.
7. That monkey is scratching _____.
8. One must defend _____ against bullies.
9. My brother and I bought _____ some apples.
39
10. She cooks for _____ every day.

Fill in the blanks with which, who', whom' and whose'.
1. The boy, _____ father is a doctor, is my best friend.
2. This is not something _____ we like to do.
3. That man, _____ left leg was amputated, suffers from diabetes.
4. The thief, _____ they caught, was sent to the prison.
5. Our friends, _____ we invited to the party, arrived rather early.
6. The girl, _____ broke the mirror, was scolded by her mother.
7. That is my uncle, _____ car was stolen.
8. That woman, _____ you saw, was my auntie.
9. Kangaroos, _____ use their pouch to carry their babies, are found in
Australia.
10. The policeman, ______ caught the thief, is a very brave man.
Possessive Adjective vs. Possessive Pronoun
A Fill out the correct possessive adjective!
1. I have a bike. It's
bike.
2. Mum and I have a boat. It's
boat.
3. The horse has an apple. It's
apple.
4. John and Max have a skateboard. It's
skateboard.
6. You have a dog. It's
dog.
7. Max and you have a dad. It's
dad.
B - Fill out the correct possessive pronoun!
1. I have a dog. That dog is
!
2. She has a cat. That cat is
!
3. We have a car. That car is
!
4. They have a bike. That bike is
!
5. He has a key. That key is
!
6. You have a hat. That hat is
!
C. Fill in the gaps with the corresponding pronoun or adjective form.
- Sheila is an English girl. .. is walking with Peter and talking to .
- Ann and James are speaking to teachers, because have some
questions for .
- Jack's friends are in classs. These books are .
- We have a very light classroom; classroom is on the second floor.
- Claire has two dogs; dogs like playing very
- How old are . ? I am 15 years old.
- Can I borrow rubber? Yes, here .. are.
- That bike over there is . .
40
~ Follow up ~
The indefinite pronoun
Complete the sentences. Choose one of the words in the box
everybody
everything
everywhere
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
somebody
something
somewhere
anybody
anything
anywhere
This bag is empty, there isnt _______________ in it.

Im lonely. I have ____________________ to talk to.
I lost my watch. Ive looked for it _______________.
She said ______________, but I didnt understand her.
Did you go _______________ interesting for your vacation?
I like the people here. ________________ is very friendly.
What are you doing here? Im waiting for _______________.
Its a secret. Dont tell _________________.
We dont go out very much, because theres ____________________ to go.
How much does it cost to visit the museum? __________________. Why?
They live __________________ in the south of France.
Its a nice hotel. Its comfortable and _________________ is clean.

1. Ken never uses his car. He goes _________________ by motorcycle.
2. Im bored. I dont have _____________________ to do.
3. Tom lives ________________ near Toronto.
4. Im looking for my glasses. I cant find them _________________.
5. What did you have to eat? ________________. I wasnt hungry.
6. I dont like this place. Theres _____________ to go.
7. Lets have dinner. _________________ is hungry.
8. I want _______________ to read. Im going to buy a magazine.
9. The house is empty. _________________ lives there.
10. Youre right. _______________ you say is true.
11. Do you know ______________ in Tokyo? Yes, I have a few friends there.
12.______________ broke the window.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
You can have a shower. Theres ________________ in the bathroom.

Jack has a bad memory. He cant remember __________________.
Their house is full of books. There are books __________________.
Whats in that suitcase? _______________ Its empty.
Stay at home. Dont go __________________.
Do you have ________________ you need?
Dan has gone ______________. He didnt tell anyone where he was going.
8. The tank is almost empty. Theres _______________ a station near here.

41
nobody
nothing
nowhere
9. Whats wrong? I have __________________ in my eye.

10. Tim doesnt have _________________ to help him.
11. Do you know Bob? Yes, __________________ knows him.
12.Theres ______________ at the door. Can you go and see who it is?
~ Revision 1~
1. Change the underlined words by personal pronouns:
1. Alice is my best friend.
2. John and Nick are planting trees now.
3. Liz and I helped our mum in the kitchen.
4. The dog is barking at the cat.
5. Tom will call me tomorrow.
6. My mother is cooking dinner at the moment.
7. The boys were running in the park.
2. Choose the correct possessive adjective:
1. My/me brother is a dentist.
2. Kate took his/her doll from the shelf.
3. We water the flowers in their/our garden.
4. Pam has taken her/your keys.
5. They showed their/our new car.
6. This is my/her sister. Her/my name is Liz.
7. Tims got a new CD. It is our/his CD.
3. Circle the correct pronoun:
1. Sam is talking to her/she.
2. Im looking for they/them.
3. Pam is looking at me/my.
4. Bob is sending an SMS to her/she.
5. I dont know him/his.
6. We like watching it/its.
7. Put they/them on the table, please.
4. Fill in the correct possessive pronoun:
1. My books. The books are ____.
2. His photos. The photos are ____.
3. Our letters. The letters are ____.
4. Your test. The test is ____.
5. Their CDs. The CDs are ____.
6. My pet. The pet is ____.
7. Her lessons. The lessons are __.
5. Choose the correct reflexive pronoun:
1. She cooks dinner ____.
2. I like to do it ____.
3. He does his homework ___.
4. We write it ____.
5. They cleaned the rooms ____.
6. She eats soup ____.
7. I wash my hair _____.
8. He made a report ____.
9. I sent a letter _____.
10. We watered the trees ____.
11. They bought the tickets ___.
42
8. Tim sends me SMS every day.

9. These books are very interesting.
10. Kate gave me a beautiful picture.
11. Ann and Sally wrote a letter yesterday.
12. Pam and I went to the zoo.
13. The girls are knitting now.
8. Sam has got a dog. Its/its name is Boss.
9. Youve got a car. It is his/your car.
10. Nicks got a mobile. It is her/his mobile.
11. Weve got a pet. It is their/our pet.
12. I put my/her book on the table.
13. Youve got a new job. Its her/your job.
14. Ive got a bike. Its my/his bike.
8. Youre going with us/we.
9. He is going to show I/me his collection.
10. Can you help him/he?
11. He is teaching maths to we/us.
12. Im looking at they/them.
13. I can lend money to her/she.
14. We are waiting for you/your.
8. Our flag. The flag is ____.
9. Her shoes. The shoes are ____.
10. My flowers. The flowers are _. __
11. Your bird. The bird is ____.
12. Their lecture. The lecture is _.
13. His mobile. The mobile is ___.
14. Our cake. The cake is ____.
12. He cuts the bushes ____.
13. I knit everything ____.
14. You drew this picture ____.
6. Correct the mistakes:

1. John is ours friend.
2. Pam is me best friend.
3. He gave mine an interesting book.
4. Look! This book is me.
5. She writes letters myself.
6. Look at him pet. It is nice.
7. This is my friend. Him name is Tim.
8. Me fathers name is David.
9. We drew this picture themselves.
10. I saw his yesterday.
11. Please, show my your photo.
12. Her plays tennis every day.
13. Ill give his my phone number.
14. They are waiting for our.
THE ARTICLE
EXERCISE 1 Fill in the gaps.
I am from Winchester, Hampshire. Winchester is .. city in .. United
Kingdom. I live in town called .. Taunton which is on River Tone. I
live in .. house in quiet street in the countryside. . street is called
"Hudson Street" and house is old - more than 100 years old! I am .. English
lecturer at .. college near centre of . town. I like ..
books, music and taking .. photographs. I usually have lunch at college. I
usually go .. home by .. car. We have all kinds of food in . England. I like
. Polish food very much. Sometimes, I go to Polish restaurant in Bath.
.. restaurant is called "Magda's". . Polish food is delicious!
EXERCISE 2 a, an, the, zero
1. Robert and Jessica went to ___ party last night.
2. Can you tell me how to get to ___ cinema from here?
3. ___ college is closed today.
4. Gregory is one of ___ strangest people I know.
5. I recommend you to try ___ tomato soup at this restaurant.
6. ___ beer is good for you.
7. Would you like to see ___ film?
8. ___ apple a day keeps ___ doctor away.
9. I can't believe I failed ___ yesterday's test!
10. Do you have ___ dictionary that I can borrow?
13.
EXERCISE 3
1. There were many dogs in the park. One dog was ___ Dalmatian.
2. Pandas and ___ tigers are both endangered animals.
3. Magda is wearing ___ blue dress with red shoes
4. Bornholm is ___ island in the Baltic Sea.
5. Christmas comes once ___ year.
6. ___ owl is __ bird.
7. The Severn is ___ river.
8. Jane went to the shop to buy ___ bread.
9. Hania broke ___ glass when she was washing-up.
10. Tom took ___ umbrella as it was raining heavily.
EXERCISE 4
1. This is ___ easy question.
2. Stephen could you speak ___ little louder?
3. May I have your ___ phone number?
4. I have never seen ___ UFO.
5. May I ask you ___ question?
6. Astrid is ___ best teacher in our school.
7. What is ___ name of the next station?
8. My girlfriend has ___ my car today.
9. I went to ___ sea during my summer holiday.
10. Is there ___ cash machine near here?

EXERCISE 5
1. This is Joanna. She's _____ doctor.
a. a
b. an
2. Simon is ____ engineer.
a. a
b. an
3. That's Sandra. She's ___ hairdresser.
a. a
b. an
4. Sean Connery is ___ actor.
a. a
b. an
5. John is ____ electrician.
a. a
b. an
6. Mr. Sako is ___ teacher.
a. a
b. an
7. This is Shirley. She's ___ housewife.
a. a
b. an
8. That's Mark. He's ___ police officer.
a. a
b. an
9. I'm ____ student.
a. a
b. an
10. Kate Winslet is ____ actress.
a. a
b. an
EXERCISE 6
Fill in each blank with the appropriate article. If no article is required, put a "0" in the blank. The nouns
that the articles go with are in italics.
1. _______(a) Decline and Fall of ______(b) Roman Empire
2. ________(a) complexity of _______(b) problem of ______(c) decline and fall of the Roman
Empire is made evident by _______(d) wide variety of causes that are emphasized in varying
degrees by _______ (e) different authors.
3. Fortunately, ________(a) concise formulation of Edward Gibbon serves as _________(b) widely
accepted basis for _______(c) modern discussion of _________(d) problem.
4. According to Gibbon, _________(a) empire reached its peak during _______(b) administration
of ________(c) two Antonines.
5. After that, however, ________(a) extent of ________(b) Roman conquest became too great to be
managed by _______(c) Roman government, and _______(d) decline began.
6. ______(a) military government was weakened and finally dissolved as ______(b) barbarians
were allowed to constitute ______(c) ever-growing percentage of ______(d) Roman legions.
7. ______(a) victorious legions began to dominate and corrupt _______(b) government, weakening
it at ______(c) time when it most needed ______(d) strength to overcome _______(e) other
problems
READING COMPREHENSION 1
Forms of Matter
Everything around you is made of matter. Scientists group matter based on its properties, or
characteristics: what it looks like and how it acts in different situations. Matter can take three different
forms. The three forms are solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid matter has a definite shape. It also takes up a definite amount of space. This means it has a
specific volume. If you could look at solid matter under a very powerful microscope, you would see its
tiny particles moving back and forth. The particles are packed together, so they vibrate in place. Their
overall shape does not change.
Liquid matter takes the shape of its container. When liquid is in a cup, it is shaped like the cup.
When the liquid is in a vase, it is shaped like the vase. The volume of the liquid stays the same. If you
were to look at liquid matter under the microscope, you would see its tiny particles sliding past each
other. Because of this unique sliding movement, the liquid is able to change its shape so we can pour it.
In the form of a gas, matter is usually invisible. The air around us has several different gases, like
the oxygen we breathe in and the carbon dioxide we breathe out. If you could look at gas matter under the
microscope, you would see its tiny particles floating around with lots of space in between them. They
spread out to fill any container the gas is placed in.
Answer the following questions based on the reading passage. Dont forget to go back to the
passage whenever necessary to find or confirm your answers.
1) What does the word properties mean in the first paragraph?
2) What are the three forms that matter can take?
3) What does the word vibrate mean in the second paragraph?
4) What is one difference between a solid and a liquid?
5) Are the tiny particles closer together in a solid, a liquid, or a gas?
Traveling to the Distant West
In the early days of America, the original colonies were fairly close together on the East Coast.
Travel was by foot, by boat or by horse. People used a horse and wagon to take goods from one place to
another over land. As more and more settlers arrived, they needed a better way to travel. Transportation
expanded to include a few tracks of railroad. Travel in settled areas was not hard.
America began to expand toward the west. It was not as easy to get by with walking, riding a
horse or using a wagon. The western lands were unknown. Many settlers went far away to claim land for
their own. New areas, like the Oregon Territory, offered rich land for those who would travel there. The
California Gold Rush of 1849 gave many people dreams of becoming rich. They decided to travel there
and try to fi nd gold. Many families stayed behind while husbands and fathers went alone. They planned
to make a home where their families could join them later.
Theodore Judah saw that people needed a faster way to travel in this new direction: west. It was
his dream to unite the east and west with the fi rst transcontinental railroad. It would be a train system that
would reach from one side of the continent to the other. Thousands of workers came to California to help
build the tracks going east from Sacramento. Many others started building west from Nebraska. In 1869,
the tracks met in Promontory, Utah. Suddenly, the parts of our nation that had seemed so distant were
joined once again by the tracks.
1) When the colonies were close together, how did most people travel?
2) What two things made a lot of people want to move west to settle?
3) What was Theodore Judahs dream?
4) Why do you think that workers built the railroad from both sides at the same time?
5) How did the new railroad make the country feel more united?
In Danger of Extinction
A species is the name for a group of animals that are alike, such as lions and tigers. If a species is
endangered it means there are very few of those animals left in the world. If all the animals in a species
die, the species becomes extinct. Those animals are gone forever.
Many species are protected. A protected species means governments have made laws against
killing the animals.
The koala is close to being an endangered species. Interestingly, the koala is partly to blame for
its decline. Koalas are too stubborn for their own good!
When you were younger, were you a picky eater? Did your parents have to force you to eat things
that were good for you? Hopefully you listened to what they taught you and ate your dinner. Koalas are
picky eaters. They live in tall eucalyptus trees. Many of these trees are also called gum trees.
Koalas eat the leaves of those trees. Since there are over 600 different types of eucalyptus trees,
the koala should have no trouble finding food. But koalas are picky! They only want certain eucalyptus
tree leaves to eat. Out of the 600 varieties of trees, koalas will only eat the leaves of about 120 kinds of
eucalyptus tree. Some are even pickier than that. The koalas of a specific area will only eat about four or
five kinds of eucalyptus leaves. They would rather starve than eat the other kinds. Now thats stubborn!
The biggest problem for koalas now is that the brush land in Australia is being cut down. Towns
and cities are pushing farther into the brush. Since many koalas live there, they are losing their tree homes
and the trees leaves that feed them.
1) What does it mean when an animal is extinct? All the animals in a species die and they are
gone forever.
2) Imagine if you were like a koala and ate only one kind of food. What kind of food would it be?
students choice
3) What is another name for many gum trees? eucalyptus tree
4) Why do you think the koala is so picky? students choice
5) What would you tell people to get them to stop cutting down the brush land where koalas live?
PRACTICE I a. Present perfect simple

I. Write the participle forms of the following verbs.
1. shut
2. spend
3. give
II. Complete the table in present perfect simple.
positive
Negative
We have chatted.
The lesson has not started.
4. teach
5. sell
question
Have we won?
She has turned around.
They have not arrived.
III. Write sentences in present perfect simple.
1. we / reach / our goal 2. our team / lose / the match 3. she / underline / the word 4. they / not / discover / the treasure 5. Ron / not / talk / about the problem IV. Write questions in present perfect simple.
1. you / knock / at the door 2. the teacher / mark / the tests 3. she / buy / a new computer 4. they / rescue / the girl 5. Brad / wear / a blue shirt V. Ask for the information in the bold part of the sentence.
1. They have seen him at the library. 2. Robby Robber has robbed another bank. 3. Bill has ordered three desserts. 4. Clara has repeated the sentence five times. 5. Jane has asked a question. -
b. Present perfect continuous

I. Write the ing-form of the following verbs.
1. cry
3. lie
2. prepare
4. win
II. Choose the correct form: have or has and since or for.
1. Emma
been learning English
five years.
2. My friends
been living here
2003.
3. I
been waiting for Danny
20 minutes.
4. Ross and Gavin
been travelling around Australia
5. Carol
been exercising in the gym
2 o'clock.
III. Write sentences in present perfect progressive.
1. Kevin / read
2. you / TV / watch / all day
3. Paul / to the radio / listen / not
4. the men / cards / play
5. the girls / cycle / not
IV. Write questions in present perfect progressive.
1. Carol / shout
six weeks.
1. I'm
I___________ all day.
d) have went
2. very
youhungry.
/ dance
a) 3.
didn't
eat / run
6. How's your Mum? I _________ her for ages.
Kevin
b) haven't ate
a) had seen
4. they / on the phone / talk / how long
c) havent eaten
b) haven't seen
5. these books / lie / on the floor / how long
d) have been eating
c) haven't been seeing
2. Their new kitchen looks fantastic.
d) didn't see
They ________ completely ________ it.
7. You're covered in paint!
Prezent
Perfect
Prezent What
Perfect__________
Continuu you __________?
a) have
been Simpluredecorating
b) have
redecorated
havesau cursul aciunii
done
Accent
pe rezultat
Accent pe a)
durata
c) already
redecorated Aciune din trecut nspre prezent
b) were
doing
d) didn't
redecorated
c) did
do
Aciune terminat dar care influeneaz
prezentul
3. Our kitchens a mess.
d) have
been doing
I. Pune
verbele
la prezent
perfect simplu sau continuu
i tradu:
We_______
any
cleaning
for weeks.
8. Shes
gone to the doctor's.
a) 1.
didn't
do ____________________________ football forShe
too well lately.
I (play)
five ______________________
years.
b) 2.
haven't
been (win
doing
a) matches
hasn't felt
My team
/ only) __________________________ two
so far.
c) 3.
haveThe
done
b) hasn't
been feeling
others (be / always) _____________________________
better.
d) haven't done
c)
has
felt
4. Are we not there yet? We (walk) ________________________________for hours.
4. I think they are dating.
d) doesn't feel
5. But we (cover / only)
area of five miles so far.
They______________
a lot___________________________________an
of each other recently.
9. Where have you been? I__________________ for ages.
6.
I
(finish/just)
______________________________my
homework.
a) had seen
a) have waited
I (work)
________________________________
on this b)
essay
since two o'clock.
b) 7.
haven't
been
seeing
waited
c) 8.
haveJane
been(go
seeing
out) ______________________________ withc)Bob
for
seven years.
was waiting
d) 9.
haveMartin
seen (date) ___________________________ three girls this week.
d) have been waiting
5. We've
discovered
great
caf and
10. How
long (waitthis
/ you)
__________________________
for Ius?
10.
have to write an essay. I_____ about half of it so far.
we__________ there a lot.
Robin:
I
think
the
waiter
(forget)
________________________
us.
We
(wait)
________________________ here for
a)
have
written
a) have been going
over
half
an
hour
and
nobody
(take)
_________________________________
our order yet.
b) have been writing
b) have gone
Michele:
I think you're right. He (walk) _________________________________by
us at least twenty times. He
c) wrote
c) are going
d) have to write
probably thinks we (order, already) ______________________________________________________________.
c. Diferena dintre prezent perfect simplu i continuu
~ FOLLOW UP ~
Robin: Look at that couple over there, they (be, only) _____________________ here for five or ten minutes and they
already have their food.
A. FillHe
in with
since, just,
Michele:
mustfor,realize
we already,
(order, yet
not) ________________________________ yet! We (sit)
1.My
son
went
to
the
supermarket
but he hasnt come
_______________________________________________here
forback
over .
half an hour staring at him.
2.Leonard
has
..
made
his
bed
but
he
hasnt
called
his
girlfriend
.
Robin: I don't know if he (notice, even) _____________________us. He
(run) ____________________________
Miriam
lived
in Morocco
she was ten years old.

from3.table
to tablehas
taking
orders
and serving
food.
4.We
have
..
met
the
new
teacher
at
the
high school.
Michele: That's true, and he (look, not) _____________________________________
in our direction once.
5.- The
waiter
has
.
brought
me
some
coffee
and biscuits.
II. Alege varianta corect i tradu:
6.-Have they visited London ? No, they havent . gone there.
7.-That man has ............ come late again. His boss is very angry with him.
8.-Has the girl lived in France .. five years? Yes, she arrived five years ago.
9.-The plane has flown . twelve hours.
10.-The businessman has worked in the same office he was twenty-five years old.
11.-There has been many accidents on this road last year.
12.-John has performed the same play .. a long time.
13.- The woman hasnt sold her car ., but she wants to sell it.
14.- I have known my boyfriend .. we were at primary school.
B. Choose the correct option.
1 I have / has already finished my homework.
2 My son have / has just started the university.
3 The Black family have / has gone to the seaside.
4 Dad havent / hasnt watered the plants.
5 Have / Has Sam ever been to the USA?
6 Our English teachers have / has never ridden a horse.
7 Ann, Frank and Jim have / has bought a new house.
8 Have / Has you taken the dog for a walk?

9 The weather have / has been terrible since yesterday.
C. Are these sentences correct () or not ()? Correct the incorrect ones.
1 Clara hasnt just done her homework.
2 They have lived here since 2006.
3 I have just saw a great film on TV.
4 My English teacher has just missed the bus.
5 Have you ever gone to Italy?
6 Mum have already drunk her coffee.
7 They havent phoned me since yesterday.
8 I have known him since 5 years.
9 My friend, Nicola has been to New York.
10 The plane hasnt arrived
D. Choose the right option
1. John hasnt eaten_________yesterday.
(a) for
(b) since
(c) ago
2. Ive had my beach towel________two years.
(a) for
(b) since
(c) ago
3. We havent travelled__________2001.
(a) for
(b) since
(c) ago
4. The teacher rang the bell two hours________.
(a) for
(b) since
(c) ago
5. I havent seen the dentist_______last May.
(a) for
(b) since
(c) ago
6. He hasnt been in space ____ the last years.
(a) for
(b) since
(c) ago
7. The criminal hasnt been in jail______2010.
(a) for
(b) since
(c) ago
8 . I havent eaten watermelon____last summer.
(a) for
(b) since
(c) ago
9. Mary made lots of money at the sale two weeks _________.
(a) for
(b) since
(c) ago
10. I havent heard Mexican music _____I was a little girl.
(a) for
(b) since
(c) ago
11. John hasnt built any houses _____ last year.
(a) for
(b) since
(c) ago
12. Two years________the trees produced lots of sap.
(a) for
(b) since
(c) ago
E. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE VS. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
1) Put the verb into the more suitable form, present perfect simple or present perfect
continuous.
1. Look! (somebody / break) that window?
2. You look tired. . (you / work) hard?
3. (you / ever / work) in a factory? No, never.
4. Liz is away on holiday. Is she? Where . (she / go)?
5. My brother is an actor. .. (he / appear) in several films.
6. Sorry, Im late Thats all right. (I / not / wait) long.
7. Is it still raining? No, .. (it / stop).
8. .. (I / lose) my address book.

. (you / see) it?
9. . (I / read) the book you lent me, but
..... (I / not / finish) it yet. Its very interesting.
10. (I / read) the book you lent me, so you can have it back
now.
2) For each situation, ask a question using the words in brackets.
1. You have a friend who is learning Arabic. (how long / learn / Arabic?)
..
2. You have just arrived to meet a friend. She is waiting for you. ( wait / long?)
..
3. You see somebody fishing by the river. (catch / any fish?)
..
4. Some friends of yours are having a party next week. (how many people / invite?)
..
5. A friend of yours is a teacher. (how long / teach?)
.
6. You meet somebody who is a writer.
(how long / write / books?)
( how many / books / write))
7. A friend of yours is saving money to go on holiday.

(how long / save?)
..
(how much money / save?)
..
PRACTICE
~ present perfect vs. simple past ~
A) Underline the correct one
1) I lost have lost my wallet. I cannot find it anywhere. I looked have looked at the
bedroom but it wasnt there.
2) I didnt sell havent sold my car. I decided have decided to keep it.
3) Didnt you finish havent you finished your work yet?
4) They went have gone to New York. They must be having great time. Last semester I was
have been there and I had have had wonderful time.
5) Selma lived has lived in Qatar for two years. Last month she moved has moved to
Barcelona.
6) I was have been born in Sydney but I lived have lived in Canberra.
7) Did he help has he helped you
with your Spanish exam?
No, he didnt hasnt. He is busy.
8) My father was has been very
busy recently.
9) We bought have bought a new
house. It has got a very large garden.
10) She was has been a teacher
when she was has been 21.
B) Fill in the blanks with the given time expressions.
last month since 2003 in 1978 just (2)- already yesterday yet (2) last summer
ever ten minutes ago
1) I havent watered the flowers ________.
2) ________, I bought a mobile phone but I lost it.
3) My family has lived in Dubai ________.
4) The train left ________. I missed it.
5) I graduated from high school ________.
6) Havent you made up your mind ________?
7) He has ________ painted the benches. They are wet.
8) Have you ________ been to Istanbul?
9) It was very cold ________ but today it is warm and sunny.
10) We have ________ found a new servant.
11) We were in Hawaii ________. It was an unbelievable holiday.
12) I have ________ phoned Melisa. She is fine. We dont need to phone her again.
C) Rewrite the sentences.
1) I prepared the table a few minutes ago. ( just )
__________________________________________.
2) She has already done the washing up. ( an hour ago )
____________________________________.
3) We didnt get ready for the party. ( yet )
___________________________________________.
53
4) Have you ever visited an orphanage?

( last year )
______________________________________.
5) Uncle Tom took me to the school today. ( already )
_______________________________________.
6) Dorothy has just watered the flowers. ( two minutes ago )
________________________________.
7) They have never been to Bangkok.
( in the past )
____________________________________.
8) Havent you put on your jacket yet?
( in the morning )
__________________________________.
9) The clients have complained about the products for hours. ( this afternoon )
_____________________________________________.
10) I didnt play chess last year.
( since )
_____________________________________________.
11) The children didnt turn back from the school. ( yet )
_____________________________________________.
12) My father has just come in.
( one minute ago )
_____________________________________________.
13) Susan didnt spend her summer in Italy last year. ( never )
_____________________________________________.
D) Write sentences using present perfect or past simple tense
a) Mr Jones /work/ for my father /for 15 years.
b) Juliette /start/to teach at the school in 2009.
c) The girls /ask/ the teacher / some questions.
d) Christopher /want/to buy the iPod /yesterday.
e)Mathew /travel/ to Germany/ 3 weeks ago.
f)Hector /understand/ the problems/already.
g)Alice /drink/ a glass of orange juice.
h)She /not have/ wash/ her hair this morning.
i) Nuria /enjoy/ the school play/ last Saturday.
j) Lawrence/take/ the books /to the library.
E) Present perfect or simple past?
1.
I ___________ (see) the twins in town last week.
2.
_____________________(you/ever/meet) her brother?
3.
Where __________________(you/be) last weekend?
4.
______________ (you/see) Kathleen?
5.
We ________________ (not/go) on holiday last year.
6.
I love clothes. I ______________ (buy) a lot this year.
7.
What _____________ (you/do) last weekend?
8.
Dad ______________ (repair) the car, you can use it now.
9.
Agatha Christie _____________ (live) from 1890 to 1976.
10. Granny still _________________ (not/find) her glasses.
11. Where ______________ (you/buy) your laptop?
12. Oh! You ______________ (paint) the kitchen, I like the colour.
54
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
What time _______________ (you/get) home last night?

Emma! Your letter ________________ (arrive) at last!
The weather ______________ (be) good all week.
I _______________ (finish) work early yesterday.
Sues not here, she _______________ (go) out.
The weather ____________ (not/be) very good last week.
We ______________ (be) to the cinema twice this month.
Brian ____________ (live) in England until the age of 14.
F) Match the beginnings with the correct endings:

1. I didnt browse
2. Have you ever left a cafe
3. Did you see
4. I lived in
5. Have you seen
6. My clock stopped
7. I have broken
8. He turned on
9. My watch has stopped
10. I read the book
11. We havent browsed
12. Did you leave a cafe
13. I have lived here
14. My father lost
15. I have read the book
16. He has lost
17. You have turned off
18. Did you have
19. He broke his leg
20. Have you had
a) I dont know the time.

b) the morning show yesterday?
c) his job now he is unemployed.
d) the Internet last week.
e) the radio five minutes ago.
f) Paris twenty years ago.
g) without paying?
h) the morning show this morning?
i) my leg skiing in the mountains.
j) when I was at school.
k) yesterday without paying?
l) at midnight.
m) it is very interesting.
n) the Internet since our computer broke.
o) since 1999.
p) his job in May.
q) in a skiing accident last year.
r) the telly i cant hear anything.
s) your breakfast in the morning?
t) your dinner today?
~ All tense review ~

CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER
1.- Lucy . to Australia by plane next month.
a) are going b) is going) c) goes
2.- Miriam . Maths at university ten years ago. a) study b) studied c) is studying
3.- Williams .swimming in the sea last Saturday. a)were b) was
c) werent
4.- Hector . good marks at the final exams.
a)get b)getting
c) got
5.- .. John .. his grandfather last night? a)do call
b)does ..call c)did call
6.- Sheila . the teacher some questions now.
a)ask
b)asked
c)is asking
7.- My father is than your father.
a)strong
b)the strongest c)stronger
8.-Elisa is as as her brother.
a)cleverer
b)clever
c)the
cleverest
9.-Silver is ... expensive than gold.
a)more
b)less
c)much
10.-The train is than the bus.
a)early
b)earlier
c)the earliest
55
11.-My team is very good. I think we .. win the next match.

a)will
b)are
c)wont
12.-My uncle on holidays tomorrow afternoon.
a)are going b)is going c)arent going
13.-Look! There are clouds in the sky. It .. rain soon.
a)wont b)will
c)is going to
14.-How do you go to school?
a)on foot b)the car
c) bus
15.-How .is a kilogram of apples?
a)many b) often
c)much
16.- a)The girls cats are white
b)The cats girl are white
c)The girls cats is white
17.-There arent .. cinemas here.
a)much
b)many
c)a little
18.- There isnt .. sugar in my tea.
a)many
b)much
c) a
19.-Does the boy wear uniform for school?
a)an
b)a
c)some
20.-The secretary .. all the letters yesterday.
a)send
b) is sending
c)sent
21.-Julio in this town for 20 years.
a)have lived b)has live
c)has lived
22.-Where your sister born?
a)was
b)were c)are
23.-I have just .. my homework.
a) finish b)finishing c)finished
24.-My dad . already .. home. a)have .. came
b) has.. come
c)has came
25.-My neighbours are noisy at weekends.
a)enough
b)too
26.-Thomas isnt . enough to reach the shelf.
a) short
b)tall
c) strong
27.-Charles .. up very early yesterday.
a) woke b)wakes c) is waking
28.-Mrs Dorrit ..... in my school since 1998.
a) have taught b)has taught
29.-The cinema isnt . the park.
a) near
b) far
c)between
30.-Roberto is very friendly. He has .. friends.
a)much
b)many c)little
31.-Im very thirsty.
a) Can I have a water?
b)Can you give me something to drink?
32-At 5,30 my friend Paul ..with his mum.
a)were shopping
b)wasnt shopping
33.-Patricia lost in the big city in 2011.
a)get
b)got c)is getting
34.-His father often . me a lift to work.
a)gives
b)giving
c)give
35.- a) I have never flown by helicopter
b)I have never fly by helicopter
36.-Probably . peace in the world soon.
a )there will be
b) there isnt
37.-Frederick . Law at university.
a) will studies
b)will study
c)wont studying
38.-If Sarah her leg, she wont play tennis.
a) hurt
b)hurts
c)hurting
39.-The student wont pass the exam unless he harder. a)study b) studying c)studies
40.-If the boy doesnt run fast, he .. win the race.
a) wont
b)will
c) dont
COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE APPROPRIATE VERBAL TENSE.
1.- Josephine .. (eat) two bananas for lunch yesterday.
2.- My cat never ..(sleep) in my bed.
3.- Jim is a scientist. He .. (study) extreme weather.
4.- Have you ever been . (trap) in a lift?
5.- Police ..(look) for the missing child.
6.-Today is my mothers birthday, so I . (buy) her a good present.
7.- The children .. (swim) in the sea when it .. (start) to rain.
8.- Many students (wear) costumes for the festival.
9.- The tornado . (hit) the little town two years ago.
10.- We . (go) to take paper, bottles and cans to special recycling containers.
11.-They chose a name for the dog while they (walk) in the park.
12.- Patrick .. (learn) Spanish at school.
13.- Lorena and her father often . (go) to the National Museum on Saturday afternoon.
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14.- Raymond .. just. (come) home.

15.- My brother .(be) angry with me because I .. (forget) his birthday.
16.- The exam was difficult because I (not study) the day before.
17.- I (give) you a prescription for your sore throat.
18.-Thomas .......... (find) the treasure if he asked his friends.
19.-.. you.. (do) the project yet?
20.-Margaret .. (not visit) her sister in London last month.
21.-If I were you, I .(not marry) Tony. He doesnt love you.
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PRACTICE
past perfect simple/continuous
I. Write the past participle (3rd form) of the following irregular verbs.
1. speak 4. understand 2. catch 5. begin 3. eat II. Complete the sentences in Past Perfect Simple (positive).
1. I lost the key that he (give) _____________________ to me.
2. She told me that she (see) ____________________ a ghost.
3. I went downstairs because I (hear) ___________________ a noise.
4. When they came home, Sue (cook) ___________________ dinner already.
5. We could not send you a postcard because we (forget) ___________________ our address book.
III. Complete the sentences in Past Perfect Simple (negative).
1. The waiter served something that we (not / order) _______________________.
2. He went to Alaska where he (not / be) _______________________ before.
3. She put on the red dress, which she (not / wear) ___________________ for ages.
4. He (not / play) ________________________tennis before that day.
5. His mother was angry because he (not / help) _______________________ her with the shopping.
IV. Complete the questions in Past Perfect Simple.
1. (you / finish) your homework before you went to the cinema?
2. (why / you / clean) the bathroom before you bathed the dog?
3. (you / have) breakfast before you came here?
4. (she / find) a place to stay when she went to Boston?
5. (where / she / live) before she moved to Chicago?
V. Put the verbs into the correct form (past perfect progressive).
1. We (sleep) ________________________ for 12 hours when he woke us up.
2. They (wait) ________________________ at the station for 90 minutes when the train finally arrived.
3. We (look for) _______________________ her ring for two hours and then we found it in the bathroom.
4. I (not / walk) ________________________ for a long time, when it suddenly began to rain.
5. How long (learn / she) ___________________ English before she went to London?
6. Frank Sinatra caught the flu because he (sing) ____________________ in the rain too long.
7. He (drive) ___________________________ less than an hour when he ran out of petrol.
8. They were very tired in the evening because they (help) ____________________ on the farm all day.
9. I (not / work) ______________________ all day; so I wasn't tired and went to the disco at night.
10. They (cycle) ______________________ all day so their legs were sore in the evening.
VI. Write the verbs in Past Perfect Simple.
1.
The pupils talked about the film they (watch) .
2.
I was late for work because I (miss) the bus.
3.
We lived in the house that my father (build) .
4.
We admired the picture that Lucy (paint) .
5.
They watered the trees that they (plant) .
6.
The teacher corrected the tests that the pupils (write) . .
7.
I received a good mark in my test because I (practise) ....... on ego4u.
8.
The mail order house did not send me the shirt that I (order) .. .
9.
I had to clean the floor because my cats (knock) ... over the flower pots.
10. My friend was in hospital because she (slip) .. on a banana skin
VII. Write the verbs in Past Perfect Simple. Use the negative form.
1.
In the shopping centre, I met a friend who I (see / not) .. for ages.
2.
The thief could walk right into the house because you (lock / not) ... the door.
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3.
We lost the match because we (practise / not) ... the days before.
4.
At school, Jim quickly copied the homework that he (do / not) .
5.
We ate at a restaurant last night because I (buy / not) .anything for dinner.
6.
When we came back, it was cold in the house because Alice (close / not) ..the windows.
7.
All day long, Phil was angry with me just because I (greet / not) ...him first.
8.
When I met Jane at eleven oclock, she (have / not) .. breakfast yet.
9.
I couldnt go to the cinema with my friends last night because I (finish / not) .
. my homework yet.
10. Fred answered my question although I (ask / not) .. him.
VIII. Complete the questions in Past Perfect Simple.
1.
(what / Bob / do) .. that he was kept in after school?
2.
(you / eat) ... anything before you went to the theatre?
3.
(he / live) ... in London before he moved to Glasgow?
4.
(she / find) . a new job by that time?
5.
(they / book) .... a room before they went to Dublin?
6.
(how often / you / ring) .... the bell before he answered the door?
7.
(why / they / have) ..... dinner before they came to the party?
8.
(Carly / wash) .. the dishes when her mum came home?
9.
(you / read) . the contract before you signed it?
10. (who / live) ..... in the house before we moved in?
IX. Put the verbs into the correct form .
1.
The storm destroyed the sandcastle that we (build) ...
2.
He (not / be) .. to Cape Town before 1997.
3.
When she went out to play, she (do / already) .. her homework.
4.
My brother ate all of the cake that our mum (make) .. .
5.
The doctor took off the plaster that he (put on) .... six weeks before.
6.
The waiter brought a drink that I (not / order) . .
7.
I could not remember the poem we (learn) . the week before.
8.
The children collected the chestnuts that (fall) from the tree.
9.
(he / phone) . Angie before he went to see her in London?
10. She (not / ride) .... a horse before that day.
PRACTICE III
Present Perfect Simple / Continuous
Complete the sentences with correct form of the verbs. Use the Present Perfect Simple or Continuous. Use short
forms where possible.
1 How long _______flu? (have)
2 We _______the house all morning. (clean)
3 I _______abroad for a year, but now I'm going home. (live)
4 Ouch! I _______my finger on the oven!. (burn)
5 Alan _______French since September. (learn)
6 How long _______Jim? (you go out with)
Present Continuous / Present Perfect Continuous
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Mr. Smith: So tell me a little bit about yourself, Mr. Harris. I would like to find out a little bit more about your
background.
Mr. Harris: I (work) _____________________________ in the insurance industry for over ten years. I worked for Met
Life for six years and World Insurance for four and a half. During that time, I heard many good things about Hollings
Life Insurance and that's why I (apply) __________________________________ for the new sales position.
Mr. Smith: Tell me a little about your hobbies and interests.
Mr. Harris: In my spare time, I hike in the mountains outside of town, volunteer at the Sierra Club and play tennis. In
fact, I (compete) ________________________________________ in a tennis tournament this weekend.
Mr. Smith: Really, how long (you, play) __________________________________ tennis?
Mr. Harris: I (play) ____________________________________ since high school. I love the sport.
Mr. Smith: Great! We like dedication here at Hollings Life. You mentioned you volunteer at the Sierra Club. I (work,
currently) _____________________________________ with them on the sea turtle project. We (try)
__________________________________ to create a wildlife sanctuary near the bay.
Mr. Harris: Do you know Frank Harris? He's my brother. He (work, presently) ____________________________ on
the same project.
Mr. Smith: I know Frank quite well. Any brother of Frank's would be a welcome addition to Hollings Life. Just one
more thing, we (look) ____________________________________ for somebody who is fluent in Spanish; many of
our clients are from Mexico.
Mr. Harris: No problem. I (study) _______________________________ Spanish since elementary school.
Mr. Smith: Sounds like you are the perfect candidate.
Present Continuous / Present Perfect Continuous
1. It (rain) _________________ all week. I hope it stops by Saturday because I want to go to the beach.
2. A: Where is Gary?
B: He (study, at the library) _______for his German test on Wednesday. In fact, he (review) ____________________
for the test every day for the last week.
3. You look really great! (You, exercise) __________________________ at the fitness center?
4. Frank, where have you been? We (wait) __________________________ for you since 1 P.M..
5.A: What is that sound?
B: A car alarm (ring) ___________________ somewhere down the street. It (drive) _____________________ me
crazy - I wish it would stop! It (ring) _____________________ for more than twenty minutes.
6. Joseph's English (improve, really) ________________________ , isn't it? He (watch)
____________________________ American television programs and (study) ______________________________
his grammar every day since he first arrived in San Diego. Soon he will be totally fluent.
7. A: You look a little tired. (You, get) ___________________________ enough sleep lately?
B: Yes, I (sleep) ____________________________ relatively well. I just look tired because I (feel)
______________________ a little sick for the last week.
A: I hope you feel better soon.
B: Thanks. I (take, currently) ________________________ some medicine, so I should feel better in a couple of
days.
Simple Past / Present Perfect
1. A: Did you like the movie "Star Wars"?
B: I don't know. I (see, never) _______that movie.
2. Sam (arrive) _______in San Diego a week ago.
3. My best friend and I (know) _______each other for over fifteen years. We still get together once a week.
4. Stinson is a fantastic writer. He (write) _______ten very creative short stories in the last year. One day, he'll be as
famous as Hemingway.
5. I (have, not) _______this much fun since I (be) _______a kid.
6. Things (change) _______a great deal at Coltech, Inc. When we first (start) _______working here three years ago,
the company (have, only) _______six employees. Since then, we (expand) _______to include more than 2000 fulltime workers.
7. I (tell) _______him to stay on the path while he was hiking, but he (wander) _______off into the forest and (be)
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_______bitten by a snake.
8. Listen Donna, I don't care if you (miss) _______the bus this morning. You (be) _______late to work too many
times. You are fired!
9. Sam is from Colorado, which is hundreds of miles from the coast, so he (see, never) _______the ocean. He
should come with us to Miami.
10. How sad! George (dream) _______of going to California before he died, but he didn't make it. He (see, never)
_______the ocean.
11. In the last hundred years, traveling (become) _______much easier and very comfortable. In the 19th century, it
(take) _______two or three months to cross North America by covered wagon. The trip (be) _______very rough and
often dangerous. Things (change) _______a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years. Now you can fly from New
York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours.
12. Jonny, I can't believe how much you (change) _______since the last time I (see) _______you. You (grow)
_______at least a foot!
13. This tree (be) _______planted by the settlers who (found) _______our city over four hundred years ago.
14. This mountain (be, never) _______climbed by anyone. Several mountaineers (try) _______to reach the top, but
nobody (succeed, ever) _______. The climb is extremely difficult and many people (die) _______trying to reach the
summit.
15. I (visit, never) _______Africa, but I (travel) _______to South America several times. The last time I (go)
_______to South America, I (visit) _______Brazil and Peru. I (spend) _______two weeks in the Amazon, (hike)
_______for a week near Machu Picchu, and (fly) _______over the Nazca Lines.
Simple Past / Present Perfect
Since computers were first introduced to the public in the early 1980's, technology (change) _______a great deal.
The first computers (be) _______simple machines designed for basic tasks. They (have, not) _______much memory
and they (be, not) _______very powerful. Early computers were often quite expensive and customers often (pay)
_______thousands of dollars for machines which actually (do) _______very little. Most computers (be)
_______separate, individual machines used mostly as expensive typewriters or for playing games.
Times (change) _______. Computers (become) _______powerful machines with very practical applications.
Programmers (create) _______a large selection of useful programs which do everything from teaching foreign
languages to bookkeeping. We are still playing video games, but today's games (become) _______faster, more
exciting interactive adventures. Many computer users (get, also) _______on the Internet and (begin)
_______communicating with other computer users around the world. We (start) _______to create international
communities online. In short, the simple, individual machines of the past (evolve) _______into an international World
Wide Web of knowledge.
Present Perfect / Present Perfect Continuous
1. A: How long (be) _______in Canada?
B: I (study) _______here for more than three years.
2. I (have) _______the same car for more than ten years. I'm thinking about buying a new one.
3. I (love) _______chocolate since I was a child. You might even call me a "chocoholic".
4. Matt and Sarah (have) _______some difficulties in their relationship lately, so they (go) _______to a marriage
counselor. I hope they work everything out.
5. John (work) _______for the government since he graduated from Harvard University. Until recently, he (enjoy)
_______his work, but now he is talking about retiring.
6. Lately, I (think) _______about changing my career because I (become) _______dissatisfied with the conditions at
my company.
7. I (see) _______Judy for more than five years and during that time I have (see) _______many changes in her
personality.
Simple Past / Past Perfect
I can't believe I (get)______________ that apartment. I (submit)__________________ my application last
week, but I didn't think I had a chance of actually getting it. When I (show)___________________ up to take a look
around, there were at least twenty other people who (arrive)__________________ before me. Most of them (fill,
61
already) _________________out their applications and were already leaving. The landlord said I could still apply, so I
did.
I (try)____________________ to fill out the form, but I couldn't answer half of the questions. They (want)
__________________________me to include references, but I didn't want to list my previous landlord because I
(have)_______________________ some problems with him and I knew he wouldn't recommend me. I
(end)______________________________ up listing my father as a reference.
It was total luck that he (decide) _____________________ to give me the apartment. It turns out that the
landlord and my father (go) ______________________ to high school together. He decided that I could have the
apartment before he (look)___________________ at my credit report. I really lucked out!
Past Perfect / Past Perfect Continuous
I'm sorry I left without you last night, but I told you to meet me early because the show started at 8:00. I (try)
______________________ to get tickets for that play for months, and I didn't want to miss it. By the time I finally left
the coffee shop where we were supposed to meet, I (have) ______________________ five cups of coffee and I
(wait) __________________ over an hour. I had to leave because I (arrange)____________________ to meet
Kathy in front of the theater.
When I arrived at the theater, Kathy (pick, already) ___________________ up the tickets and she was waiting for us
near the entrance. She was really angry because she (wait) ______________________ for more than half an hour.
She said she (give, almost) ___________________ up and (go) ________________ into the theater without us.
Kathy told me you (be) _______________________ late several times in the past and that she would not make plans
with you again in the future. She mentioned that she (miss) ______________________ several movies because of
your late arrivals. I think you owe her an apology. And in the future, I suggest you be on time!
62
Practise on Future Tenses

Will / Be Going To
Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses
1. A: Why are you holding a piece of paper?
B: I (write)..a letter to my friends back home in Texas.
2. A: I'm about to fall asleep. I need to wake up!
B: I (get)..you a cup of coffee. That will wake you up.
3. A: I can't hear the television!
B: I (turn)it up so you can hear it.
4. We are so excited about our trip next month to France. We (visit)
Paris, Nice and Grenoble.
5. Sarah (come) .. to the party. Oliver (be) there as
well.
6. Ted: It is so hot in here!
Sarah: I (turn) .. the air-conditioning on.
7. I think he (be) . the next President of the United States.
8. After I graduate, I (attend) . medical school and become a doctor. I
have wanted to be a doctor all my life.
9. A: Excuse me, I need to talk to someone about our hotel room. I am afraid it is simply too small for four people.
B: That man at the service counter (help) you.
10. As soon as the weather clears up, we (walk) . down to the beach and go swimming
Simple Future / Future Continuous
Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses
1.
Sandra: Where is Tim going to meet us?
Marcus: He (wait) for us when our train arrives. I am sure he (stand)
on the platform when we pull into the station.
Sandra: And then what?
Marcus: We (pick) Michele up at work and go out to dinner.
2.
Ted: When we get to the party, Jerry (watch) .. TV, Sam (make) ..
drinks, Beth (dance) .. by herself, and Thad (complain)
about his day at work.
Robin: Maybe, this time they won't be doing the same things.
Ted: I am absolutely positive they (do) .. the same things; they always do the same things.
3.
Florence: Oh, look at that mountain of dirty dishes! Who (wash) . all of those?
Jack: I promise I (do) . them when I get home from work.
Florence: Thanks.
Jack: When you get home this evening, that mountain will be gone and nice stacks of sparkling clean dishes (sit)
in the cabinets.
4.
Doug: If you need to contact me next week, I (stay) at the Hoffman Hotel.
Nancy: I (call) you if there are any problems.
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Doug: This is the first time I have ever been away from the kids.
Nancy: Don't worry, they (be) .. be fine.
5.
Samantha: Just think, next week at this time, I (lie) . on a tropical beach in Maui
drinking Mai Tais and eating pineapple.
Darren: While you are luxuriating on the beach, I (stress) .. out over this
marketing project. How are you going to enjoy yourself knowing that I am working so hard?
Samantha: I 'll manage somehow.
Darren: You're terrible. Can't you take me with you?
Samantha: No. But I (send) .. you a postcard of a beautiful, white sand
beach.
Darren: Great, that (make) .. me feel much better
Simple Present / Simple Future
Present Continuous / Future Continuous
Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.
1. Right now, I am watching TV. Tomorrow at this time, I (watch) TV as
well.
2. Tomorrow after school, I (go) to the beach.
3. I am going on a dream vacation to Tahiti. While you (do) paperwork and (talk)
. to annoying customers on the phone, I (lie)
on a sunny, tropical beach. Are you jealous?
4. We (hide) when Tony (arrive) ..at his
surprise party. As soon as he opens the door, we (jump) . out and (scream)
, "Surprise!"
5. We work out at the fitness center every day after work. If you (come) .. over while we
(work) .. out, we will not be able to let you into the house. Just to be
safe, we (leave) a key under the welcome mat so you will not have to wait
outside.
6. While you (study) at home, Magda (be) .. in class.
7. When I (get) .. to the party, Sally and Doug (dance)
, John (make) . drinks, Sue and Frank
(discuss) .. something controversial, and Mary (complain)
. about something unimportant. They are always doing the same things.
They are so predictable.
8. When you (get) off the plane, I (wait) for
you.
9. I am sick of rain and bad weather! Hopefully, when we (wake) . up
tomorrow morning, the sun (shine) ...
10. If you (need) to contact me sometime next week, I (stay)
. at the Sheraton in San Francisco.
Simple Future / Future Perfect
Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.
1.
Margaret: Do you think everything will be finished when I get back from the store?
Jerry: Don't worry. By the time you get back, I (pick) . up the living room and (finish)
64
. washing the dishes. Everything will be perfect when your parents arrive.
Margaret: I hope so. They (arrive) .. around 6 o'clock.
Jerry: Everything (be) . spotless by the time they get here.
2.
Nick: I just have two more courses before I graduate from university. By this time next year, I (graduate)
.. , and I will already be looking for a job.
Stacey: Does that scare you? Are you worried about the future?
Nick: Not really. I (go) . to a career counselor and get some advice on how to find a good
job.
Stacey: That's a good idea.
Nick: I am also going to do an internship so that when I leave school, I (complete, not only) ..
over 13 business courses, but I (work, also) . in the real world.
3.
Stan: Did you hear that Christine (take) a vacation in South America this winter?
Fred: I can't believe how often she goes abroad. Where exactly does she want to go?
Stan: She (visit) . Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador.
Fred: At this rate, she (visit) every country in the world by the time she's 50.
4.
Judy: How long have you been in Miami?
Elaine: I have only been here for a couple of weeks.
Judy: How long do you plan on staying?
Elaine: I love Miami, so I (stay) . here for an extended period of time. When I go back home, I
(be) here for more than three months.
Judy: Wow, that's quite a vacation! You (see, definitely) just about everything there is to see in
Miami by then.
5.
Jane: I can't believe how late we are! By the time we get to the dinner, everyone (finish, already)
.. eating.
Jack: It's your own fault. You took way too long in the bathroom.
Jane: I couldn't get my hair to look right.
Jack: Who cares? By the time we get there, everyone (leave) . Nobody (see, even)
. your hair.
65
SPEAKING PRACTICE
What kind of work would you like to do in the future?

reflectati intai asupra raspunsului pe care doriti sa il dati si apoi stabiliti 2-3 argumente care sa
sustina raspunsul; raspunsul este cel care trebuie sa va ghideze in alegerea celor mai bune argumente;
folositi cuvinte simple, pentru a dovedi ca stapaniti limba engleza la nivel conversational, ca
intelegeti o intrebare care va este adresata si aveti capacitatea de a raspunde la aceasta, construind un
dialog cu replici simple, clare si la obiect;
utilizati in argumentare conectori, precum ati folosit si in argumentarea orala de la limba romana,
precum: in the first place, in the second/ in the third place, first of all, at first, until, just then, later,
finally, the last but not the least important argument sau alte expresii asemanatoare;
de asemenea, folositi in argumentare si expresii ca: in my opinion, as far as I am concerned ( in
ceea ce ma priveste), from my point of view si verbe de opinie de tipul: believe, think, consider, etc.
apelati la experiente personale si la exemple semnificative din romane, filme sau alte surse
relevante pentru intrebarea voastra
incheiati raspunsul cu o concluzie care sa reia raspunsul intial, utilizand: as a conclusion,
therefore, taking into consideration the above reasons
De pilda, la intrebarea de mai sus avem raspunsul:
A-I consider that I would like to work as a doctor in the future, after I graduate from the university.
B-Why would you choose such a job?
A-In the first place, I would choose this job because it is a very useful one, that brings a lot of benefits to
the community and also to the persons I care about. Being a doctor, for instance a surgeon, I would have
the possibility to cure diseases, to relief pain and to prescribe medicines that would definitely help sick
people.
A-Secondly, I have had this dream of curing sick people since kindergarden, when I was trying to be a
good doctor for my dolls. One of my biggest dreams is to discover an antidote for cancer or for aids, as
they are among the deadly diseases of our century.
B-The work of a doctor is really a noble one. Would you consider going to the Faculty of Medicine?
A-Yes, indeed, I aim at entering the Faculty of Medicine. I am good at Physics and Chemistry, I will
prepare myself very well after the bacallaureate exam and I think I have a great chance to succeed. I am
also a fan of the Dr. House series in which the main character is a skilled doctor, but also a modern one
as he uses several methods of alternative medicine.
A-As a conclusion I admit that my future work will be that of a doctor. Thank you very much for your
time and have a good day! (these words are addressed to the examiners).
FOLLOW UP
1. Answer the following questions: What is your favourite means of transport? Why?
2. Describe an experience that made you appreciate your health.
3. Give your opinion on the following statement: A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an
optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty. Use relevant arguments and examples to support your
ideas.
66
IF CLAUSE
Fraza condiional de tipul 1
O fraz condiional de tipul 1 se refer la o condiie posibil n viitor i la rezultatul
probabil al acesteia. Ea implic obinerea unui anumit rezultat prin indeplinirea unei condiii
date. Folosim timpul prezent in subordonata condiionala(pentru exprimarea condiiei) si viitorul
in propoziia principal (pentru exprimarea rezultatului).
PROPOZIIA PRINCIPAL
PROPOZIIA CONDIIONAL
SIMPLE FUTURE
SIMPLE PRESENT
He will pass the exam
if he studies.
El va lua examenul
dac va nva.

O fraz condiional de tipul 2 se refer la o condiie improbabil sau ipotetic i la
rezultatul probabil al acesteia. Folosim acest tip de condiional pentru a exprima o situaie
imaginar contrar realitii prezente sau pentru a exprima o situaie improbabil intr-un
moment viitor. Folosim timpul trecut in condiional i Condiionalul prezent in propoziia
principal.
PROPOZIIA PRINCIPAL
PRESENT CONDITIONAL
SIMPLE PAST
He would pass the exam
if he studied.
El ar lua examenul
dac ar nva.

O fraz condiional de tipul 3 se refer la o condiie ireal trecut si exprim o situaie
imaginar sau contrar realitii intr-un moment trecut. Folosim mai mult ca perfectul in
subordonat si condiionalul perfect in regent.
PROPOZIIA PRINCIPAL
PERFECT CONDITIONAL
SIMPLE PAST PERFECT
He would have passed the if he had studied.

exam
El ar fi luat examenul
dac ar fi nvat.
Exemplul de mai sus se refer la o situaie contrar realitii trecute el nu a nvat, deci nu ia luat examenul
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PRACTICE
I. Fill in the best form of the verb/phrase to make conditionals types 0/1/2/3.
1.- I dont think shes worried about us. If she (be) worried, she (phone) or something.
2.- I have an appointment at 3.30 tomorrow. If I (manage) to finish before 4.30, I (do) the shopping on my way back.
3.- Tom missed his flight. He (get) to the airport on time if he (not oversleep).
4.- If I (have) such a large house as yours, I (invite) all my friends for the weekend.
5.- If the child (not be playing) with matches, he (not burn) himself. Now hes in hospital.
6.- Shes so shy. If she (talk) to people, she (make) friends.
7.- So, youre seeing Terry tonight. If he (ask) you about me, (not, tell) him Im going out with John.
8.- If a machine (be) properly maintained, it (fail, never)
9.- We (invite) him if we (know) his address, but he never gave it to us.
10.- Unless I (have) a problem, I (bother, never) my friends.
11.- Youre very strong. If you (try) you (win) your opponent.
12.- Look what youve done. If you (be) careful, you (not, break) all those glasses.
13.- I was so stupid! Nothing (happened) if I (not, moved) to his flat.
14.- Shes a bit short. If she (be) taller he (can) play basket.
15.- Sorry. I (lend) you the money you need if I (have) it.
16.- The bus is full up. If there (be) an empty seat, I (sit) down.
17.- Why didnt you go to the police station? If you (report) the theft, they (can arrest) the robbers.
18.- I (leave) him a message but he (not, be) home when I phone.
II. Circle the right option:
1.- If we take / will take a taxi, we will arrive / arrived sooner.
2.- You wouldnt get / didnt get wet if you would have worn / were wearing a coat.
3.- If our team had scored / scored more goals, it had won / could have won.
4.- I had given / would have given you the news if you phoned / had phoned me yesterday.
5.- If you took / would have taken more exercise, you might feel / had felt better
6.- If Tim drove / had driven more carefully, he wouldnt have crashed / didnt crash.
7.- If we are/would be late for class, our teacher will be / was angry.
8.- If we lived / would live on another planet, we would see / will see the Earth in the sky.
9.- If we were / are birds, we would be able / are able to fly.
10.- If you dont wear / wouldnt wear your pullover, you will feel / felt cold.
11.- If I had / would have lots of money, I would give / gave some to all my friends.
12.- If I had known / would know it was your birthday, I would sen / would have sent you a card.
13.- If you had come / came to seen the film, you would have enjoyed/ had enjoyed it.
III. Complete with the correct form to form conditional sentences:
1. If Dave _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (not, invite) me to his birthday party, I would feel disappointed.
2. If I hadnt got up earlier, I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (miss) my flight to Vienna.
3. We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (stay) at home if it snows tomorrow.
4. If we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (earn) enough money, well buy a new hi-fi system.
5. What would you do if you _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (get) lost in a forest at night?
6. Kevin wouldnt have moved to Britain if he _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (find) a decent job here.
7. If I knew Dianas address, I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (send) her a valentine card.
8. What _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (Jane, do) if she fails the university entrance examination?
9. If Johns parents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (know) French, they could help him with his project.
10. If Finn _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (apologize) to me, I would have forgiven him.
11. My cousin would play video games all day long if his parents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (allow) him to.
12. If Emma _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (not, feel) better tomorrow, she should see a doctor.
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13. Who _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (you, choose) if you could take one friend to go to Disneyland with you?
14. Kate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (call) you if she had known you were ill.
15. If you _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (be) cold, you can put on warm socks and a bathrobe.
16. James would buy his wife a BMW if he _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (be) richer.
17. If Barbara and Paul _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (spend) more time together their marriage would have lasted longer.
18. My parents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (buy) me a new MP3 player if I pass my final exams.
19. If my team _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (lose) the match, we will fall to the second division.
20. If the concert _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (finish) earlier, I would have taken the 10.30 bus.
IV. Fill in the gaps with the type 2 conditional sentences.
1. If my children ________ (like) raw fruit, I _________ (not / need) to boil it.
2. The road traffic _______ (flow) if there _______ (be) some policemen.
3. Communication _____ (not / be) so easy if there ____ (not / be) for the Internet.
4. If the cardigan __________ (not / be) so expensive, I _________ (buy) it.
5. If I __________ (not / have) a computer, I ___________ (borrow) one.
6. If the dress __________ (not / be) so tight, I __________ (wear) it tonight.
7. If I ________ (not / like) chocolate so much, I _________ (give) you this piece.
8. If you ______ (be) more understanding, we could have a better relationship.
9. If you __________ (turn) the TV on, we __________ (wake up) our neighbours.
10. We ________ (visit) the Eiffel Tower if we _________ (go) to Paris.
11. If I _____ (be) you, I ______ (apply) for the job.
12. If Ann _______ (apply) for the job, she ________ (get) it.
V. Fill in the gaps so as to build correct type 3 conditional sentences.
1. If you _________ (have) some protection, you _________ (damage) your eyes.
2. It ______ (be) impossible to enter the building if the porter _____ (not / be) there.
3. If the flight hadnt been delayed, my boss __________ (arrive) on time to the meeting.
4. If the driver ________ (stop) at the red sign, I _________ (not / have) the accident.
5. I __________ (eat) the soup if it __________ (not / be) so salty.
6. If the thieves __ (rob) the whole jewellery store, the owners would have been ruined.
7. If you ________ (take) your umbrella, you ________ (not / catch) a cold.
8. I __________ (manage) to escape the storm if I __________ (be) more cautious.
9. The burglars ______ (escape) to a foreign country if the police ____ (not / catch) them.
10. If you _______ (learn) to play the piano, you could have participated in the contest.
11. If you ______ (study) more, you ______ (get) a better mark.
12. There _____ (be) a fight if the police ________ (not / arrive) in time.
VI. Fill in the blanks with either second or third conditional.
1. You ____________ (notice) my new haircut if you had been more attentive.
2. If you _____________ (enjoy) modern art, we could visit the new exhibition.
3. If you had eaten at lunch, you ______________ (not / be) so hungry now.
4. If there were an ashtray in the house, we _____________ (not / need) to go to the balcony to smoke a cigarette.
5. I would apply for the job if I ____________ (know) how to write an application letter.
6. If I _____________ (go) to the job interview, I might have got the job.
7. You would need to find another job if you _____________ (move) to a new town.
8. I would exercise twice a day if I _____________ (have) more time.
9. If the T-shirt _____________ (not / be) so loose, I would wear it.
10. If the factory ______________ (not / close), many workers wouldnt be unemployed.
11. If there hadnt been for the snow, most European airports ___ (not / close) during Christmas time.
12. If there wasnt for the fire, we _______________ (freeze) to death.
13. I would eat your adorable meatloaf if I _____________ (not / be) a vegetarian.
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14. If you _______________ (teach) me how to dance, I would learn it fast.
70
INTERIM EVAL 1
PART 1 - Reading Comprehension
Hot dog eating champion retains title after tiebreaker
Friday, July 4, 2008
For the second year in a row, American competitive eater Joey Chestnut defeated his Japanese
rival Takeru Kobayashi at the annual Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest in New York City, after a tie
forced a five-hot-dog eat-off to be held.
After ten minutes of hot dog eating, two shorter than in previous years, Chestnut and Kobayashi
were tied at 59 frankfurters. But after the rare tiebreaker, 24-year-old Chestnut emerged as the winner,
claiming a $10,000 prize and a mustard-yellow belt. "It was crazy," he said. "I'm just a normal guy eating
hot dogs on the Fourth. You can't overcomplicate it."
Kobayashi, whose loss last year shattered a six-year winning streak, said that a sore jaw and a
tooth problem may have altered his performance. "If I put one more mouthful in, I could have won", the
30-year-old Nagano native said through a translator. "I lost because I wasn't quick enough in the
rematch."
This year, the 22 competitors were under a 10-minute time limit, unlike the 12 minutes used for
previous contests. The reason for this, according to Nathan's, was the discovery of a document from 1916,
which revealed that the original competition was 10 minutes long.
Thousands gathered at Coney Island to watch the annual event, which has become one of the more
colorful traditions of America's Independence Day.
1. Who won the contest last year?
A. Takeru Kobayashi
B. Joey Chestnut
C. First there was a tie, then Chestnut won
D. The text does not say
2. Who came second last year?
A. Takeru Kobayashi
B. Joey Chestnut
C. Somebody else
3. How long was the competition this year?
A. 10 minutes
B. 12 minutes
C. More than 10 minutes
4. How long was the competition last year?
A. 8 minutes
B. 10 minutes
C. 12 minutes
5. How many hot dogs did Joey Chestnut eat in the whole of the final?
A. 59
B. 64
C. Between 59 and 64
6. How many hot dogs did Takeru Kobayashi eat in the whole of the final?
A. 59
B. 64
C. Between 59 and 64
71

7. Who won the contest two years ago and in the five years before that?
A. Takeru Kobayashi
B. Joey Chestnut
C. Somebody else
8. How long was the contest in 1916?
A. Under 10 minutes
B. 10 minutes
C. 12 minutes
9. Where is Takeru Kobayashi from?
A. Coney Island
B. Nagano
C. New York
D. None of the above
10. Where is Joey Chestnut from?
A. Coney Island
B. Nagano
C. New York
11. On what occasion is the contest held?
A. Coney Island's birthday
B. The discovery of a document in 1916
C. Independence Day
12. Which sentence is true for Kobayashi?
A. He said he had health problems after the contest
B. He didn't speak English
C. He said the rematch wasn't fair
PART 2 Grammar and Vocabulary
1. I am not making much money ..
a) these days
b) so far this year
c) presently
d) lately
2. At the moment she is going out with Keith and they . very happy together.
a) are seeming
b) should seem
c) seem
d) are likely to seem
3. I .what you..now. He .he should get a second chance.
a) 'm seeing, mean, is thinking
b) see, are meaning, thinks
c) see, mean, thinking
d) see, mean, thinks
4. You .me! I'm afraid I with you.
a) astonish, am agreeing
72
b) are astonishing, disagree

c) astonish, disagree
d) are astonishing, 'm disagreeing
5. I hope this trip .. too expensive for us.
a) is not going to be
b) is not to be
c) won't be
d) should not be
6. By the end of the week we .. where to go.
a) have decided
b) must have decided
c) will decide
d) will have decided
7. Maybe by the time we get to the theatre.....
a) the play will already started.
b) the play will already have started.
c) the play has already started
d) the play already started.
8. I haven't seen any work yet. I suppose I some day.
a) am going to
b) shall
c) am seeing
d) 'll have
9. Last night my neighbours . for hours and I couldn't get to sleep.
a) were shouting
b) would shout
c) used to shout
d) did shout
10. They really our cousins, but we .them
a) weren't, had always loved
b) had not been, always loved
c) weren't, have always loved
d) aren't, had always loved
11. I .him yesterday evening. I ..him for ages.
a) had seen, didn't see
b) saw, haven't seen
c) saw, didn't see
d) saw, hadn't seen
12. It ... as nice on the terrace as my sister but we were definitely enjoying the evening.
a) had not been, expected
b) was not, expected
c) was not, had expected
d) hadn't need, was expecting
13. I can't believe it! Smith . money from the till all this time!
a) stole
b) has stolen
c) has been stealing
d) was stealing
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14. It's incredible! Julia .. for a pay-rise three times this year.
a) has asked
b) have been asking
c) did ask
d) would ask
15. On the news this morning: The two banks plans to merge next year.
a) announced
b) have announced
c) are announcing
d) have been announcing
16. .the latest? She's leaving her husband and going to live in Italy.
a) Did you hear
b) Did you know
c) Have you heard
d) Do you know
17. Luckily by the time we got there the painting
a) hadn't been sold
b) wasn't sold
c) hasn't been sold
d) wasn't going to be sold
18. No one knew that Paul in the investigation since the very beginning.
a) will be involved
b) had been involved
c) has involved
d) can be involved
19. If necessary, take a taxi.
a) it would be
b) it might be
c) it was
d) 0
20. you see Anna, could you ask her to call me?
a) If only
b) Unless
c) Should
d) Would
21. ..the problem, he those stupid questions.
a) If he understands, wouldn't ask
b) If he had understood, weren't asking
c) Had he understood, wouldn't have asked
d) Should he understand, needn't have asked
22. Surely you are not . Jane Fonda, are you?
a) the
b) 0
c) very
d) the one
23. You never say what you're thinking, you?
a) don't
b) do
74
c) haven't
d) are
24. You'll be leaving for Venice soon,..?
a) aren't you
b) won't you
c) don't you
d) shall you
25. Sean Connery was awarded a knighthood in recognition ... his work and charity.
a) to
b) of
c) for
d) at
26. the time I got there, I found out that the tickets were sold out.
a) On
b) By
c) In
d) At
27. I can't understand why he is always dispute with his wife.
a) on
b) at
c) in
d) of
28. The new play didn't come expectation.
a) to
b) up against
c) up to
d) about
29. Deanna broke and wept when she heard the bad news.
a) out
b) off
c) up
d) down
30. Alex earns very little as a classical pianist, . his brother's pop musicals have made millions.
a) compared with
b) whereas
c) in spite of
d) since
31. The of better living conditions in Europe has long been a desire for most of the countries.
a) necessity
b) congregation
c) association
d) concomitance
32. The country longs to be free of colonial.
a) dominance
b) domination
c) dominion
d) domain
33. The king enjoyed a long ., and was .by his daughter Elizabeth.
75
a) kingship, sequenced
b) realm, followed
c) reign, succeeded
d) living, tracked
34. I woke up screaming after having a terrible......
a) nightfall
b) nightshift
c) midnight
d) nightmare
35. She's a sociable girl with lots of friends. she can get lonely, like anyone else.
a) Even so
b) Furthermore
c) To some extent
d) In the first place
36. No-one can find Helen or her son ..
a) somewhere
b) nowhere
c) anywhere
d) everywhere
37. We lived the next village.
a) far from
b) far away
c) off from
d) farther of
38. She felt .about leaving him
a) pretty badly
b) pretty bad
c) rather badly
d) badly enough
39. They feel very lonely. They talk to a lot.
a) each other
b) one another
c) themselves
d) them
40. people like the sea; others prefer the mountains.
a) Them
b) Every
c) Any
d) Some
41. I'd like to see the old house, she told me about when we last met.
a) that
b) who
c) which
d) of which
42. Here's the money, you can go and buy ..a car.
a) for youself
b) on yourself
c) yourself
76
d) to yourself
43. So far researchers have not ... a way to fight the virus.
a) finded
b) find
c) founded
d) found
44. She took two quick steps forward and him across the mouth.
a) stroked
b) stroke
c) struck
d) striked
45. Pacific Ocean is.largest body of water on.Earth.
a) 0, the, 0
b) 0, the, the
c) The, 0, 0
d) The, the, 0
46. .football was fast becoming .popular sport worldwide.
a) The, a
b) 0, the
c) The, the
d) 0, a
47. The head of the party said he the behaviour of the demonstrators.
a) offended
b) reproached
c) stressed
d) deplored
48. The old railway line has been as far as the new airport.
a) extended
b) expanded
c) enlarged
d) augmented
77
ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE

CND ESTE DIATEZA PASIV FOLOSIT?
Folosim diateza pasiv atunci cnd:
(A) Autorul este necunoscut:
(i)
My mobile has been stolen. (= Someone has stolen my mobile)
(ii)
The first tools were made in Africa two million years ago. (= People made the
first tools in Africa two million years ago.)
(B) Aciunea sau cel care suport aciunea sunt mai importante dect autorul:
(i)
Income tax was introduced in England in 1798.
(ii)
The Prime Minister was given a warm welcome.
(C) Este evident cine sau ce a fcut aciunea:
(i)
The thief has been arrested. (By the police)
(ii)
The meeting is called off. (By the management)
(iii)
The new law of income tax is introduced. (By the government)
REGULI PENTRU A TRANSFORMA DIN ACTIV N PASIV
(A) Doar verbele tranzitive (cele care primesc un complement pentru a le ntregi sensul) pot fi
puse la diatez pasiv. Ex.
(i)
She ate an apple. (=vb. tranzitiv) An apple was eaten by her.
(ii)
The tree grows. (=vb. intranzitiv) Cant be changed into passive.
(B) Se schimb locul subiectului i al complementului.

Exemple:
Active Sentence:
Greg painted the gate just now.
Subject: The person

who did the action.
Passive Sentence:
Active
Verb
Object: The thing that

received the action
The gate was painted by Greg just now.
Subject: The thing that

received the action
Passive
Verb
Object: The person

who did the action.
(C) Cnd se tranform propoziia din activ n pasiv se modific i structura predicatului:
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
TENSE
Simple Present Tense
Simple Past Tense
Simple Future Tense
Present Continuous Tense
Past Continuous Tense
Future Continuous Tense
Present Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Tense
Future Perfect Tense
ACTIVE
Write/s
wrote
Will write
Is/am/are writing
Was/were writing
Will be writing
Has/have written
Had written
Will have written
78
PASSIVE
Is/am/are + written
Was/were + written
Will + be + written
Is/am/are + being + written
Was/were + being + written
Will be writing (No Changes)
Has/have + been + written
Had + been + written
Will + have + been + written
10
11
Infinitive Form
Modal Auxiliary
12
13
14
15
Imperative Sentences
Sentences with LET
Miscellaneous
Miscellaneous
To write
May/might/shall/should
+ write
Write that letter
Let her write a letter
It is said
Everyone predicts that...
To + be + written
May/might/shall/should + be
+ written
Let + that letter + be + written
Let + that letter + be + written
He is said to
It is predicted that
(D) Conjuncii ca by, with, to, in etc. apar n faa complementelor (de agent) n diateza
pasiv. Exemple:
(i)
A saw cut the tree. (Active)
The tree was cut with a saw. [cram, crowd, decorate, fill, flood throng]
(ii)
I know him. (Active)
He is known to me. (Passive)
(iii)
This rack contains 200 books. (Active)
200 books are contained in this rack. (Passive)
(iv)
Nila wrote a nice letter. (Active)
A nice letter was written by Nila. (Passive)
(E) Uneori propoziia la diatez pasiv nu precizezaz cine face aciunea (subiectul). Prin
urmare, atunci cnd tranformm n activ aproximm cine ar putea fi autorul aciunii.
Example:
(i)
Our house was broken into last night. (Passive)
Some burglars broke into our house last night. (Active)
(F) Verbe cu dou complemente:

Uneori cte un verb la diatez activ (ex. give) primete dou complemente:
A witness gave the police some information. (Active)
1
Oricare complement poate ndeplini rolul de subiect al propoziiei la diatez pasiv:

The police were given some information by a witness. (Passive)
-- (A)
2
Some information was given to the police by a witness. (Passive)
--- (B)
Not: De obicei se profer varianta n care subiectul este o persoan i nu un lucru, prin
urmare varianta A este preferat n cazul exemplului de mai sus.
(G) Atunci cnd folosim adverbe de timp, mod sau frecven de obicei acestea apar dup primul
auxiliar al predicatului, de ex.
1. We are always taught to be kind and honest.
2. Shyam and Raju have seldom been seen at the gym.
3. The carpets are often put out to air in the sun.
(H) Cnd se transform o locuiune verbal (verb + preposition OR verb + adverb) din activ n
pasiv este important s nu omitem adverbul sau prepoziia care intr n structura acestuia,
de ex:
A. Coca Cola took over the brand Thumbs up in the last decade of 20th century.
P. The brand Thumbs up was taken over by Coca Cola in the last decade of 20th cen.
79
LETS PRACTICE!
(A)
(Simple Present) Turtles _________ (find) in all the warm oceans of the world. Turtles
nests _________ (make) at night on sandy beaches. About one hundred eggs _________ (lay)
in each nest. However, nesting turtles _________ (often disturb) by noise and light of the
discos. When the babies leave the nest for the sea, they follow the light of the moon. But if they
_________ (distract) by hotel lights, they move in the wrong direction. Babies who lose their
way on the beach _________ (often kill) by birds. If they reach the sea, they _________
(sometimes injure) or even killed by speedboats.
(B)
(A/P) People all over the world _________ (drink) tea. It _________ (suppose) to be a
very refreshing drink. It _________ (also offer) to the guests as a mark of courtesy. To make tea
_________ (be) quite easy. Tea leaves _________ (take) in a teapot and boiling water
_________ (pour) over them. The teapot _________ (keep) aside for a couple of minutes.
Meanwhile milk _________ (boil) in another pot. Now tea water _________ (pour) into a cup.
Milk and sugar _________ (add) to it according to ones taste. And a refreshing cup of tea
_________ (be) ready.
(C)
(Simple Past) The countrys first school of magic _________ (open) last year in
Thiruvanthapuram. In the first year, sixty students _________ (teach) conjuring and other
illusions. Magicians from other states _________ (invite) for guest lectures. Approval for the
school _________ (give) by the International Brotherhood of Magicians. The school, which
_________ (start) by Gopinath Muthukad, has become very popular. Muthukad won an award
for magic from the Sangeet Natak Akademi the first one to be given after magic _________
(add) to its list of awards in music, dance and theatre.
(D)
(Simple Past) Last summer Tom went camping with Boy Scouts. First, the ground
_________ (clear) of stones and plants. The tents _________ (put up) in a circle. A special shelf
_________ (make) in each tent 4 inches off the ground. The suitcases and sleeping bags
_________ (put) on this shelf. Wood _________ (collect) and _________ (place) in the centre
of the circle for fire. The kitchen tent _________ (put up) near the sleeping tents. All the food
_________ (put) inside this tent to keep it safe. The boys stayed in this camp for eight days.
(E)
(A/P) Let me tell you of a country where planting trees _________ (be) an essential
part of life. This country is Israel. In Israel, in the days gone by, fathers _________ (plant) trees
when their children _________ (bear). A cedar tree _________ (plant) if the child ________ (be)
a boy, for cedars are usually tall and strong. But if the child _________ (be) a girl, the father
_________ (plant) a cypress tree, for cypress suggests softness and sweetness. The children
_________ (look) after these trees until they _________ (get) married. At the marriage
ceremony, branches from these trees _________ (cut) to hold up the wedding tent.
(F)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Put the verb into the correct form, present simple or past simple, active or passive.
It is a big factory. Five hundred people _________ (employ) there.
_________ (somebody/clean) this room yesterday?
Water _________ (cover) most of the earths surface.
How much of the earths surface _________ (cover) by water?
The park gates _________ (lock) at 6.30 p.m. every evening.
The letter _________ (post) a week ago and it _________ (arrive) yesterday.
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(7)
The boat hit a rock and _________ (sink) quickly. Fortunately everybody _________
(rescue).
(8)
Rechards parents _________ (die) when he was very young. He and his sister
_________ (bring up) by their grand parents.
(9)
I was born in London, but I _________ (grow up) in Canada.
(10)
While I was on holiday, my camera _________ (steal) from my hotel room.
(11)
While I was on holiday, my camera _________ (disappear) from my hotel room.
(12)
Why _________ (Sue/resign) from her job? Didnt she enjoy it?
(13)
Why _________ (Bill/sack) from his job? Why did he do wrong?
(14)
The company is not independent. It ________ (own) by a much larger company.
(15)
I saw an accident last night. Somebody _________ (call) an ambulance but nobody
_________ (injure), so the ambulance_________ (not/need).
(16)
Where _________ (these photographs/take)? In London? _________ (you/take)
them, or somebody else?
(17)
Sometimes it is quite noisy living here, but it is not problem for me I _________
(not/bother) by it.
(G)
(Simple Future) Mrs. Lal is the headmistress of a big school. The students of her
school are going to stage a play Mrs. Lal is talking to the director.
Mrs. Lal:
Have the boys costumes been made?
Director:
They _________ (make) by the end of this week.
Mrs. Lal:
What about the girls dress?
Director:
They _________ (finish) tomorrow.
Mrs. Lal:
Have the curtains been mended?
Director:
I dont think they _________ (mend) until Thursday.
Mrs. Lal:
What about the chairs?
Director:
I think they _________ (sell) in a couple of days.
(H)
(A/P) We promise that if our party comes into power, we _________ (try) out best to
improve the living conditions in the city. To deal with the two major problems of water and power
shortage, we _________ (construct) a new, large water reservoir at a suitable place and
_________ (set) up a thermal power plant. Some other plans are also under active
consideration. Two new senior secondary schools _________ (open) in the next session.
Midday meals _________ (supply) free in all the government schools. Drains _________
(repair), roads _________ (remetal) and parks _________ (develop) in all colonies. Sports and
transport facilities _________ (improve). It _________ (be) our sincere effort to make this city a
model one.
(I)
(Mixed) A youth _________ (find) dead on the outskirts of Mota Bhandariya village on
Thursday. According to officials of Amreli rural police, the youth _________ (strangle) to death
with a handkerchief. The deceased _________ (identify) as Premsinh Manusinh. The name
_________ (tattoo) on his wrist, said a police official. The youth was from Madhya Pradesh
and _________ (come) to Mota Bhandariya to work as a labourer, the official added.
(J)
(Mixed) Hospitals are places where people _________ (examine) and _________
(bring) back to good health. Im lucky because I _________ (never / take) to hospital. But I
happened to go there once. When Jane _________ (hit) by a car last month. Luckily no bones
_________ (break) but she _________ (examine) carefully and x-rays _________ (take). She
_________ (keep) there for a night and she _________ (give) permission to leave the next day.
Ambulance services are also important. Patients _________ (must / take) to hospital as quickly
81
as possible. A lot of people _________ (kill) in road accidents and a lot more _________ (injure)
but if more ambulances _________ (put) into service, more lives ________ (can / save).
(K)
(Mixed) Last summer, I took an airplane flight from London to New York. I _________
(board) the plane at Croydon Airfield and, from that moment on, my life _________ (arrange) for
me by the flight attendants on the trip. First, I _________ (direct) to my seat by the flight
attendants. Then, when the plane _________ (be) ready to take off, the other passengers and I
_________ (tell) to fasten our seat belts. Next, we _________ (advise) where the emergency
exits were. I _________ (make) sure that I _________ (give) a seat next to an exit.
A few minutes after take off, magazines and newspapers _________ (distribute). Because my
ears hurt, I _________ (take) out some gum to chew. Next, we _________ (give) instructions on
what to do in case of an emergency. I _________ (pay) two dollars for some earphones, which I
_________ (use) later to watch the movie.
Before dinner, we _________ (ask) if we _________ (want) a cocktail. Dinner _________
(serve) on a tray, and it _________ (be + not) too bad; it was chicken. We _________ (permit)
to have a refill on any beverage.
After dinner, we _________ (show) a funny movie. When I _________ (feel) cold, I _________
(give) a blanket, and when I felt airsick, I _________ (give) a paper bag. Everything _________
(do) for the comfort of the passengers. When the plane _________ (land), I _________ (be)
sorry to have to leave and start doing things for myself again.
(L)
(Mixed) Four burglars have escaped from custody only hours after _________
(sentence) to ten years in prison. They _________ (transfer) from the law courts in Manchester
to Strangeways Prison. They _________ (find) guilty of stealing electrical goods and money
from shops in the Manchester area. It _________ (think) that they were all members of the
same gang. They escaped from the van in which they _________ (transport), when the driver
_________ (force) to stop because of a tree across the road. It _________ (believe) that the
tree _________ (place) by other members of the gang, who _________ (inform) of the route
_________ (take) by the van. A full investigation of the events leading to escape _________
(order) and anyone with information _________ (ask) to contact the police to help with their
enquiries.
(M)
Twenty five years ago, my father ______ (join) a well known law firm as a junior
lawyer. Dad ______ (dedicate) and smart and he ______ (rise) quickly in the firm. Soon after,
the firm ______ (employ) Mum as the personal assistant to the manager. Dad and Mum ______
(fall) in love and ______ (get) married six months later.
Today, Dad ______ (hold) the position of a senior partner in the firm. My parents ______ (raise)
three children. They ______ (give) us plenty of love, encouragement and sound advice when
we were young. We ______ always ______ (be) grateful to them.
Next Friday, my parents ______ (celebrate) their silver wedding anniversary. My brothers and I
______ (compere) an evening of entertainment. We ______ (present) them with gifts to cherish
as mementos.
(N)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
midnight.
Fill in the blanks with the correct passive form of the verb in brackets.
A government minister _________ (find) guilty of fraud yesterday.
It was a lovely surprise to find all the washing-up _________ (do) while I was asleep.
These souvenirs _________ (make) by children from the local school.
I didnt come here in order _________ (make) a fool of!
The votes _________ (count) right now and we should know the result before
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(6)
This parcel appears _________ (open) before it _________ (deliver).
(7)
As he _________ (sack) from his previous job, he found it hard to get another.
(8)
The judges still have to decide which design _________ (award) the top prize.
(9)
Many accidents _________ (cause) by dangerous driving.
(10)
Cheese _________ (make) from milk.
(11)
The roof of the building _________ (damage) in a storm a few days ago.
(12)
You _________ (invite) to the wedding. Why didnt you go?
(13)
A cinema is a place where films _________ (show).
(14)
In the US, elections for president _________ (hold) every four years.
(15)
Originally the book _________ (write) in Spanish, and a few years ago it _________
(translate) into English.
(16)
Although we were driving quite fast, we _________ (overtake) by a lot of other cars.
(17)
You cant see the house from the road. It _________ (surround) by trees.
(18)
The situation is serious, something must _________ (do) before its too late.
(19)
I havent received that letter. That might _________ (send) to the wrong address.
(20)
A decision will not _________ (make) until the next meeting.
(21)
Do you think that more money should _________ (spend) on education?
(22)
This road is in very bad condition. It should _________ (repair) a long time ago.
(23)
The injured man couldnt walk and had to _________ (carry).
(24)
It is not certain how the fire started. But it might _________ (cause) by an electrical
fault.
(25)
I told the hotel receptionist I wanted to _________ (wake) at 6.30 the next morning.
(26)
If you hadnt pushed the policeman you wouldnt _________ (arrest).
(O)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
(P)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Rewrite these sentences in Active Voice. Supply the subject yourself wherever needed:
Her sweet will never be heard again in this hall.
Superstitions are still believed in.
These instructions can be easily understood.
The account had already been checked by me.
Living conditions are being gradually improved.
It is often said that honesty pays in the long run.
The late comers shouldnt be permitted into the examination hall.
Was the patient requested to wait?
What are you being disturbed by?
How many candidates were called for interview?
Rotten eggs and tomatoes were thrown at the speaker.
Rewrite these sentences in Passive Voice. Remove subjects if needed:
Somebody cleans the room everyday.
They cancelled all flights because of fog.
People dont use this road much.
Somebody accused me of stealing money.
How do people learn languages?
Somebody warned us not to go out alone.
Somebody has cleaned the room.
They have postponed the meeting.
Somebody is using the computers at the moment.
I didnt realise that somebody was recording our conversation.
When we got to the stadium, we found that they had cancelled the game.
They are building a new ring-road round the city.
83
13.
(Q)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
They have built a new hospital near the airport.

Put the following sentences into the PASSIVE VOICE:
Someone has already paid the electrician for his work.
They taught him French and gave him a dictionary.
When we first met, they had already offered me a job at the bank.
A man requested the stranger to leave the meeting.
A young woman asked the rest of us to be there at eight oclock.
They had eaten all the dinner before they finished the conversation.
Who wrote it?
The author has written a special edition for children.
Did the idea interest you?
Why didnt they mend the roof before it fell in?
The burglars had cut a huge hole in the steel door.
The organizers will exhibit the paintings till the end of the month.
When did they ring the church bells?
Does listening to music disturb you?
The principal has announced a revised programme of terminal tests.
They will build a flyover at this site.
People often say that it pays to be honest.
You can avoid many serious accidents with a little care.
Dont offer eatables to the animals.
This magazine contains much useful information.
Why were they paying us so little?
By 5 p.m., the guide had shown us all the places of historical interest.
Do you deal in sports goods also?
A senior student of her school gives her judo lessons.
We expect our students to behave properly.
Who has packed my luggage?
(R)
Change these sentences into PASSIVE FORM:

1.
People believe that the strike will end soon.
2.
People believe that the thieves got through the kitchen window.
3.
People say that the company is loosing a lot of money.
4.
When is he going to pay the taxes?
5.
Who has designed these buildings?
6.
How much do they spend on these activities?
7.
They broke a lot of plates while they were dancing.
8.
Who invented the electric bulb?
9.
People believe that they are secret agents.
10.
People think that he takes harmful drugs.
11.
Did they give you a great reception?
12.
Nobody sends her a card at Christmas.
13.
Did anyone call an ambulance after the accident?
14.
Will you pay the fine?
(S)
Turn into the PASSIVE:
a. Students should study environment problems at school.
Environment problems _____________________________
b. Teachers could include this topic in their classes.
This topic ________________________________________
84
c. Some people buy returnable bottles and use recycle paper.

Returnable bottles _____________________________________
d. Governments have constantly ignored important issues on economic reasons.
Important _________________________________________________
e. At school teachers advise students about pollution and its prevention.
Students __________________________________________________
f. In developped countries authorities will lead everybody to cooperate.
Everybody _______________________________________________
g. Everybody should throw their bottles into recycling bottle banks.
Their bottles ______________________________________________
h. Parents must teach their children what to do about rubbish.
Children _________________________________________________
i. Last year several nations held a meeting to discuss environmental problems.
A meeting ________________________________________________
j. Organizations like Greenpeace are giving people leaflets about what to do.
People ___________________________________________________
k. Mothers should teach children not to throw litter in the streets.
Children _________________________________________________
l. Consumers could buy returnable recipients instead of throw away ones.
Returnable _______________________________________________
m. In developped countries people are recycling glass, paper, metal and even plastic.
Glass, paper ______________________________________________
n. In underdeveloped countries everyone wastes and throws away useful objects.
Useful objects _____________________________________________
o. Everybody should pass their bottles on to others when they no longer use them.
Bottles ___________________________________________________
(T)
Turn into the PASSIVE again
1. We should clean these windows before tomorrow.
2. The workers gave the boss some flowers.
3. The police followed the thieves into a building.
4. The mechanic cant fix my car.
5. The neighbour has told us the news.
6. The students painted the walls last year.
7. The old woman feeds the pigeons every day.
8. They will pick up John at this office.
9. She showed the visitors the new house.
10. You shouldnt throw litter on the ground.
11. The teacher asked the students a very difficult question at the oral exam.
12. First, we have to read the text and then, we have to do the exercises.
13. His parents promised Tom a hundred Euros if he passed the test.
14. Did they repair all the windows?
15. The news surprised us all.
16. Is the teacher correcting the exams right now?
17. Someone has sent John a mysterious letter.
18. Where did they find the book?
19. The taxi driver drove us to the airport.
20. Many people have seen a UFO in this area.
21. Have they watered the plants?
22. Someone stole my purse while I was doing the shopping.
23. The secretary has already sent all the documents to Mr. Smith.
85
24. They have offered Michael an excellent job in a British company.

25. The police could arrest the bank robbers when they were crossing the border.
26. Someone has used the computer without permission.
27. My grandmother is baking a delicious cake.
28. The maid was cleaning my hotel room when I came in.
86
REPORTED SPEECH
Expression of time & place
Direct
Today
Yesterday
The day before yesterday
Tomorrow
The day after tomorrow
Next week/day/year...
Last week/year
A week/year ago
Now
Modals:
Can
May
Must
Shall
Will
Demonstratives:
This
These
Here
Reported
that day
the day before
two days before
the next/following day
in two days time
the following week/year
the previous week/year
a year before/the previous year.
then /that time
could
might
had to
should
would
that
those
there
TENSE
PRESENT
SIMPLE
PRESENT
CONTINUOUS
DIRECT SPEECH
I work hard.
TENSE
PAST SIMPLE
REPORTED SPEECH
He said that he worked hard.
I am working hard.
PAST
CONTINUOUS
He said that he was working hard.
PAST SIMPLE
I worked hard
yesterday.
I was working hard at
six this morning.
PAST PERFECT
PAST PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
He said that he had worked hard

the previous day / the day before.
He said that he had been working
hard at six that morning.
I have worked hard.
PAST PERFECT
He said that he had worked hard.
I have been working

hard.
PAST PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
He said that he had been working

hard.
I had worked hard.
PAST PERFECT
He said that he had worked hard.
I will work hard.
CONDITIONAL
He said that he would work hard.
PAST
CONTINUOUS
PRESENT
PERFECT
PRESENT
PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
PAST
PERFECT
FUTURE
SIMPLE
87
PRACTICE
A. Put the following into indirect speech using the given reporting verbs.
We dont like his attitude (say)
Im not competent to give advice on this subject (claim)
Please tell us the latest news that you have heard (request)
Will you have supper with us after the performance tonight? (wonder)
B. Put these statements using introductory verbs in the past.
I have no reason not to believe you
Ill pay a hundred and fifty
Shes been crying till shes half blind her mother reports
Dont go too deep into the water she told her children
They lie and steal and have to be watched all the time she noted
Im looking for sunny side cottage. I dont suppose youve heard of it
Dont leave me here alone!
I shall never claim of any trouble to you
Mrs. Joe has been out a dozen times, looking for you, Pip. And she is out now.
C. Report what these famous people said (stupid quotes):
1. "I think that gay marriage is something that should be between a man and a woman." Arnold Schwarzenegger
2. "Traditionally, most of Australia's imports come from overseas." - Former Australian cabinet
minister Keppel Enderbery
3. "If you take out the killings, Washington actually has a very low crime rate." - Marion Barry,
mayor of Washington, D.C.
4. "Sure there have been injuries and deaths in boxing - but none of them serious." - Alan
Minter, Boxer
5. "Better make it six, I can't eat eight." - Dan Osinski, Baseball pitcher, when a waitress asked
whether he wanted his pizza cut into six or eight slices.
6. "The doctors X-rayed my head and found nothing." - Dizzy Dean explaining to the media
how he felt after being hit on the head by a ball in the 1934 World Series.
7. "For most people, death comes at the end of their lives." - GLR broadcaster, UK
8. "I owe a lot to my parents, especially my mother and father." - Greg Norman, Golfer
9. "I get to go to lots of overseas places, like Canada." - Britney Spears, Pop Singer
10. "I don't diet. I just don't eat as much as I'd like to." - Linda Evangelista, Supermodel
11. "So, where's the Cannes Film Festival being held this year?" - Christina Aguilera
12. "Listen, everyone is entitled to my opinion." - Madonna
D. Rewrite in Reported Speech
1. I watch a film on Saturdays. Caroline said
2. Hes my best friend. Fed told me
3. The scarf is in my bag. Janice said
4. This film wasnt very interesting. Tom told me
5. This isnt my school. Jerry said
6. Well walk for half an hour Yesterday Jennifer told me
7. These T-shirts dont fit me. Mike said
8. Were parking our car here. They said
9. Its my boyfriends birthday party tomorrow. Helen told me
10. I think there will be a students meeting very soon. He said
11. Its difficult to finish this project this week. The students said
12. Im not busy now. Alicia told me
13. I dont want these CDs anymore. My brother said
14. We feel fine now. The girls said
88
15. Were going to the shopping today. My parents told me

16. She had finished her homework when I arrived. Mary said
17. I often think about my future. Marik said
18. I go the doctor tomorrow. I am not feeling well Helen said
E. Make indirect sentences in the past.
A
1) 'When did you buy this television set?' Frank to Jenny
2) 'Why will you plant trees in the garden?' Mr Ford to Lola
3) 'Let's play basketball.' I to Ben
4) 'I met your mother yesterday.' Mrs Gibson to Dave
5) 'What is the capital of India?' Sally to Rob
6) 'Tidy your room, children.' Mother
7) 'You are standing on my foot now.' Sally to Rob
8) 'Will you help me with my homework?' Sally to Rob
9) 'Meet me in front of the cinema.' Frank to Jenny
10) 'Were you looking after your little sister yesterday, Julie? Frank
B
1. I spent a lot last Friday, she said
2. I worked hard last week, he said
3. You have extra lessons this week, they told us
4. Ive won a fortune on the football pools, my uncle said
5. Mrs Johnson isnt at work today because she is ill, the secretary said
6. Im going to buy a car tomorrow, he told me
7. I dont have much money, Tony told me
8. It may rain at the weekend, he said
C
1. Whos that girl? , I asked
2. Whats your name?, the boy asked me
3. Do you have any brothers or sisters?, I asked her
4. Did you hear that explosion?, they asked us
5. have you spent all your money?, his mother asked
6. When did Peter get up?, I asked them
7. Where have they gone?, she asked me
8. Do you think it will rain tomorrow? I asked him
D
1. Dont touch that, my mum said (tell)
2. Have a rest! She said (tell)
3. Please, dont drive so fast his wife said (ask)
4. Dont tell anybody I said (warn)
5. Give this to your brother, my father said (tell)
6. Would you like to go on holiday with us? they said (invite)
7. Dont forget to post the letter she said (remind)
8. If I were you, I wouldnt take the job she told him (advise)
9. Lets walk instead of waiting for the bus, Philip said
89
EXTENDED READING PRACTICE

AMISH LIFESTYLE
Amish, often referred to as a plain people, maintain a very distinct lifestyle. They use few modern
conveniences and keep a horse and buggy* as their means of conveyance*. Buggies are a common sight in
Lancaster as they clip-clop down country roads as well as more travelled routes.
Amish are easily identified by their manner of dressing, which, they feel, is a symbol of their separation
from the world and a constant reminder of their commitment to God and their religion. Men and boys wear dark
suits, coats without lapels*, pastel-coloured shirts, a straw or black broad-brimmed hat and black shoes. Women
wear skirts with long sleeves and high necks topped off with caps and white or black aprons. They also wear select
pastel colours. Wire hookand- eye fasteners, straight pins and velcro* are used as fasteners. Women and men do not
wear jewellery or embellishments such as buttons (although, some buttons are worn on winter coats) on their clothes
in order to maintain humility and disavow* anything that might gain them recognition, such as distinctive dress.
Likewise, Amish do not style their hair, wear makeup, manufactured clothing or anything to alter Gods creation.
Black is the dominating colour for Amish life but, ironically, Amish are buried in white. Married men wear
a beard. Moustaches are taboo since they were once associated with military officers and Amish are pacifists. Men
keep their hair trimmed in a single layer, unparted cut that dips to the earlobe on the sides and above the collar in the
back of the head.
Intelligencer Journal, Sunday 21/12/97
*buggy=a small car, usually with no roof, which is designed for driving on rough ground
* conveyance =a vehicle or method of transport
*lapel= one of the two parts at the front of a coat or jacket that are folded back on each side below the collar
*Velcro= special cloth material having two rough surfaces that stick together when pressed, used for fastening
clothing and other objects
*disavow=deny
Answer the following questions
a. Why are Amish referred to as plain people?
b. When do Amish people wear clothes in white?
c. Why do they not wear luxurious things?
What do you think about fashion and models?
TOBACCO ADVERTS
A recent cigarette advert consisted of a dull picture of a motorcycle. Only one clue told consumers which
brand to buy: the motorcycle was red, the colour of Marlboro. Such adverts may puzzle or bore most people, but
they anger anti-smoking groups, which argue that smoking is a health risk that should be prohibited.
Next week, The British Parliament will vote on a ban for all cigarette advertising. Ministers wish to cut
smoking by children under 16 years by a third by 1998. Their proposal is to make existing rules tighter. However,
there is no hard evidence that advertising has much effect on total consumption. Whereas in some countries
prohibitions are followed by a fall in consumption, in others there seems to be an increase in smoking.
Many people believe there are better ways to prevent smoking. Tax increases or to enforce the law to
prevent cigarette sales to teenagers under sixteen may have more effect than restrictions on advertising.
Whats the main idea of the text? Do you agree or not with the text?
Comment upon: Cigarette smoking should be forbidden in all public places.
MOTHERING MOCKED
Your article "Power lunches with my two-year-old" (City +, 8 April) reminded me of the contract babies I
saw in Philadelphia in 1995.
Six-week-old infants were brought into a superbly equipped creche in the basement of an office block.
They were also brought in to the creche at weekends and when they were sick, so that their working mothers could
have time off. The nurse became their mother, and the creche home. These children suffered severe emotional
distress at the age of three when they had to leave. When I questioned why such women wanted children at all, I was
told that many of them didn't want a baby; it was the men who wanted to be fathers and promised to finance the
excellent childcare from six weeks if the women would agree to give birth. This makes a mockery of mothering.
Power lunches make a mockery of fathering.
90
From August this year, Norway plans to pay mothers to stay at home with their 0-2 year olds on condition
that they do not use a public daycare centre. It is time the UK followed this example and set a true value, financial
and social, on the time a mother spends caring for her young children at home.
(Sue Clasen, Chairman, Pershore, Worcestershire)
a. When were infants taken into creches?
b. Why were infants taken into creches?
c. Did these mothers want to have babies? Why did they have them?
What kind of father/mother would you like to be?
THE USE OF ENGLISH AS A GLOBAL TONGUE IS BOOMING AND SO IS CONCERN
THALWIL, Switzerland In the tall stucco schoolhouse here its big, airy classrooms and views of Lake
Zurich, English has become part of the daily routine.
Students, as young as 7, are learning multiplication or discussing the weather in English. In one classroom,
lists of songs that the first grade has already mastered include not only local German tunes but Old Mc Donald
and How are you this morning?
Parents are delighted. It is something that you need, said Beatrix Caforeo, whose son, Andrea, goes to the
school there. Everywhere people are speaking English, not just abroad.
Throughout Europe, English is growing in use and acceptability. Beyond the schoolhouse here, European
Universities, particularly in Northern Europe, are giving courses in science, philosophy and business in English.
Even some companies like the French telecommunications giant Alcatel state-owned until 1982- now use English
as their internal language.
But the growing use of English is not going down easily everywhere. The English program here has caused
uproar in other parts of the country, where critics have questioned why English should be taught before another one
of Switzerlands four national languages. In many places and in many ways, Europe is debating the growing
prominence of English.
Some see it as the language that might bind the Continent together. In one European Union survey, 70
percent of those surveyed agreed with the proposition that everybody should speak English. But nearly, as many
said, their own language needed to be protected. Capturing the right balance is a subject of debate.
Answer the following questions according to the text.
a. According to the text, where in Europe, besides the Swiss school, is English increasing in use?
b. What is the main argument against the teaching of English in Switzerland?
c. What do the defenders of using English as global language content?
d. According to the article, what seems to be the opinion of the majority of Europeans?
What do you think about the use of English as a global language? Would it be practical? Would it threaten
or endanger national identity?
THE TITANIC: ANOTHER DISASTER MOVIE?
The biggest gamble in movie making history has received no fewer than fourteen Oscar nominations. And
not only that: contrary to what almost everyone said during the troubled course of its production, it looks like the
gamble is going to pay off. Titanic, James Camerons $200 million epic about what he has called the quintessential
tragedy of the 20th century has been a great success across Europe and America. Test screenings in America have
been overwhelmingly positive. Daily Variety, the most influential film newspaper in America, has no doubts. They
call it a spectacular demonstration of what modern technology can contribute to dramatic story-telling, and
concludes that, unlike the liner which sank in the North Atlantic eighty-five years ago, this Titanic arrives at its
destination.
But it hasnt been all that easy. Shot over eight months (about two months longer than originally planned),
Titanic saw its budget spiral almost out of control. With such lavish sets, huge casts and expensive, state-of-the-art
computerized special effects, the movie seemed set to become as big a disaster as the story on which it was based.
The perfectionist James Cameron went to extraordinary lengths to get his film exactly right. The
filmmakers built a perfect scale model of the ship, which at 236 metres was almost as big as the original, and
mounted it on giant hydraulic lifts to reproduce the effect of the vessel sinking. The model stood in a tank filled with
77million litres of sea water.
Everything in Camerons movie is bigger, grander and more expensive than anything that has been done
before.
Answer the following questions according to the text
91
a. What does the Daily Variety mean with this Titanic arrives at its destination?
b. How long did it take to shoot the Titanic?
c. Why is Cameron being described as a perfectionist?
Going to the movies is one kind of entertainment. Do you have any hobbies? How do you like to spend your
free time?
HIGH-FLYERS
Airline pilots have high social status and earn a great deal of money. Air hostesses have an uncertain status
and earn little. For those recently qualified, the basic pay is as little as $300 a month. This is little to balance against
the possibility of a hijack or a disaster. So why do they do it?
I went to see Diane Humphreys, who is responsible for all Dan-Airs cabin staff based at Manchester
airport.
One reason why air hostesses dont get over-anxious about flying may be that theyre so busy, before,
during and after a flight.
On a Monday morning, a hostess might have an early morning flight, perhaps at 7 a.m. She has to check in
1.5 hours before the flight. That might mean leaving home at 4 a.m. Before the flight hostesses have to prepare the
cabin and toilets and make sure that the food and drinks are aboard. Dan-Air doesnt do long-distance flights and so
there are no overnight stopovers. Theres a 45 minute turn-around interval, when the hostesses have to prepare the
plane for the return flight. Depending on where youre flying, this can make it a 12-hour day.
During the flight youve got no time to relax -the safety instructions have to be demonstrated and the food
and drinks served. So one day you might have an early morning flight, the next an afternoon flight, the day after you
might be on relief duty and have to be ready to work if someone else becomes ill or there is an emergency.
Read the text and answer these questions in your own words.
1. What are the main differences between pilots and air hostesses?
2. What do air hostesses have to do before and during the flights?
Summarize paragraph 4 (On a Monday morning... a 12-hour day) in no more than 30 words.
Is there a job that you would especially like to do?
ULSTER'S OPPORTUNITY
As before, Unionist opponents of the Northern Ireland peace deal are quoted as saying they are British and
want to stay British. Yet if you look around Europe, the qualities the British are known for are tolerance, the ability
to laugh at themselves, an acute sense of irony, willingness to accept and implement negotiated agreements and
above all, a commitment to democratic process. Do the Unionists recognise and cherish these qualities in themselves
and will they work to sustain them as we try to on the "mainland"?
Undoubtedly, on a narrow interpretation, the Unionists have most to lose from the agreement as their 60year stalemated hegemony departs. But the opportunity they and all Ulster are being offered is the chance to stop
fighting over pieces of the same historic cake and to co-operate in sharing out a much larger cake, which, thanks to
the EU, US, UK and peace itself can provide everyone with more: more jobs, more prosperity, more infrastructure,
more future. Why settle for less when you can have more?
Nick Russell, London, NW5
a. Whats the difference between British and Unionist opponents?
b. What opportunity is Ulster being offered?
c. What will they get if they become a single Ireland?
Comment upon: Gibraltar: British or Spanish?
HEALTH IN AMERICA
When Americans go abroad, one of their biggest concerns is, "Can you drink the water?" You may find
asking yourself the same question, especially in a hip, urban setting where you may notice many people, young and
old, drinking from large and small plastic bottles. And these people will tell you, fiercely to put the fear of God in
you, that "No! You cannot drink the tap water in this country anymore!" Ignore these people. These are the same
kind of people who will also inform you that you will drop dead before 40, or worse, become ugly fat and stupid if
you don't jog or join an expensive health club where you pay to sweat. Now simply turn the tap water and drink long
and deep to quench your thirst. Do not be surprised the next morning if you still feel healthy and energetic.
Unless you come from a country, or stopped over in one, where dreaded diseases such as cholera, malaria,
yellow or dengue fever are a fact of daily life, you do not need inoculations to enter America.
92
Availability of certain drugs is also restricted. What you have been able to get at your neighbourhood
pharmacy in your country may require a doctor's prescription. So if you take medications, (e.g., for blood pressure
or cholesterol), you must find an American doctor who can prescribe them for you. Or bring extra enough to last
during your stay.
a. Is the water from the tap good in America?
b. Do you need to be vaccinated if you travel to America?
c. What can you do if you go to America after having been prescribed a certain medicine?
d. Why do some American people drink water from plastic bottles?
What do you know about health and healthy habits?
BLACK ENGLISH
During the early years of American settlement, a highly distinctive form of English was beginning to
develop in the islands of the West Indies and the southern part of the mainland, spoken by the incoming black
population. The beginning of the seventeenth century saw the emergence of the slave trade. Ships from Europe
travelled to the West African coast, where they exchanged cheap goods for black slaves. The slaves were shipped in
barbarous conditions to the Caribbean islands and the American coast, where they were in turn exchanged for such
commodities as sugar, rum, and molasses. The ships then returned to England, completing an 'Atlantic triangle' of
journeys, and the process began again. Britain and the United States had outlawed the stave trade by 1865, but by
that time, nearly 200 years of trading had taken place. By the middle of the nineteenth century, there were over four
million black slaves in America.
The policy of the slave-traders was to bring people of different language backgrounds together in the ships,
to make it difficult for groups to plot rebellion. The result was the growth of several pidgin forms of communication,
and in particular a pidgin between the slaves and the sailors, many of whom spoke English. Once arrived in the
Caribbean, this pidgin English continued to act as a major means of communication between the black population
and the new landowners, and among the blacks themselves. Then, when children came to be born, the pidgin
became their mother tongue, thus producing the first black Creole speech in the region. This Creole English rapidly
came to be used throughout the cotton plantations, and in the coastal towns and islands. Similarly, creolized forms of
French, Spanish and Portuguese emerged in and around the Caribbean.
Answer the following questions according to the text.
a. When did the slave trade begin?
b. When was the slave trade forbidden in the USA?
c. Why did the pidgins emerge?
d. What kind of job did the slaves have?
What kind of job would you like to have in the future?
YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK
Yosemite National Park became America's first state park in 1864. Compared to other protected areas,
Yosemite Valley is quite small, about seven miles long and a mile wide. Small enough, anyway for John Muir, the
conservationist and founder of Sierra Club, to explore the entire area on foot is quite hard. But within its narrow
confines are some of the most impressive cliffs, valleys, meadows, waterfalls, and flora and fauna.
The park ranges from 2,000 feet above sea level to more than 13,000 feet. Among its most famous peaks
are El Capitan, the largest piece of exposed granite in the world, and Half Dome. Some of the most spectacular
waterfalls, such as the Bridal Veil Falls, are only a short hike from the Yosemite Valley floor. The view of the Valley
floor from the top of 3,200 foot Glacier Point, 32 miles away by road, is considered by many to be the most
impressive of all. When you are not feeling "stoned" by the sheer cliffs that circle the valley, be aware of the black
bears that no longer appear to fear humans and have known to brazenly walk into campsites and raid food. Coyotes
and other denizens of the forests are more cunning and less visible. There are 196 miles of paved roads within the
park and 840 miles of trails. Since it also has 8 miles of paved bike path, rent a bike and explore the relatively flat
valley floor. To prevent congestion and overcrowding, there have been proposals to ban automobiles in Yosemite,
especially during the very busy and crowded holiday weekends such as Memorial Day, Fourth of July, and Labour
Day But don't let a trifle like that stop you from visiting one of the most fabulous natural wonders of the world.
a. How big is Yosemite Park?
b. What animals may threaten the visitors?
c. Can you ride a bike around the park? Why?
93
d. Why do some people want to ban cars from the Park?

What do you know about National Parks?
GLOBAL ENGLISH
The global English of our times has all the benefits of a standardizing process. There is a recognized
standard in Britain and America. There is also an agreed, standardized vocabulary and spelling system. Or nearly.
Global English speaks with two voices: British and American. A student in, say, Japan or Saudi Arabia is confronted
with not one version, but two, a distinction recognized by the main language schools, like Berlitz, who offer either
British English or American English to their pupils.
The differences are essentially differences of accent, inflection*, spelling and, above all, vocabulary:
apartment versus flat, buddy versus mate, candy versus sweets, diaper versus nappy. There are so many different
expressions that Americas Associated Press and Britains Reuters news agencies have to translate English into
English. The Reuters office in New York has a twelve-page list of common terms requiring translation and many are
the books that compile jokes about box, knock up* and fag.
* the way in which the sound of your voice changes during speech, for example when you emphasize particular
words
*knock up= to make a woman pregnant
* To box someone in is to limit their choices in a difficult situation
Answer the following questions using your own words.
a. What is the greatest difference between British and American English?
b. How many varieties of English do some school languages teach? Which ones?
Comment upon the differences between your mother language and a foreign language.
MURDER AT THE QUEEN ROCK FESTIVAL
FAN BLEEDS TO DEATH IN CROWD.
A 21-year-old pop fan was knifed to death early yesterday during a massive open air concert by rock super
group Queen.
As Queen lead singer Freddie Mercury thrilled 120.000 people at Knebworth House, Hertfordshire, a fight
broke out between rival fans only yards* from the stage. The dead man, believed to be from Glasgow, was stabbed
five times in the stomach and chest. He died before an ambulance could get him to hospital in nearby Stevenage. A
shocked witness said: "The guy didn't have a chance in hell. Ambulance men couldn't get to him because of the
crowds and he was just bleeding to death." An ambulance man confirmed:
"People were standing shoulder to shoulder and it was impossible to get through quickly. The whole thing
was overcrowded and badly organised."
Last night several youths were helping police in Stevenage with their inquiries. In another incident an
ambulance was called to help a young woman attacked by a Hell's Angel* who poured boiling water over her. More
than 1000 people needed first aid during the concert. There were about a dozen arrests but none for drug offences.
* One yard is equal to 0.91 metres.
*a member of a motorcycle gang and organized crime syndicate whose members typically ride
Harley-Davidson motorcycles.
QUESTIONS.
1. Did the fan die?
2. How old was he?
3. Where was the concert played?
4. Why couldn't the fan be saved or rescued?
5. How many people needed help?
What do you think about safety in pop concerts?
TELEVISION AND DRAMA
During the last five or six years television has become more and more important to drama in general, not
only in offering a valuable testing ground for new dramatists, but also in forming taste and preparing audiences,
almost imperceptibly, for new things. The advantage with television in this respect is precisely what has generally
been taken as its main disadvantage: the relatively uncritical approach of the mass audience. This is not to say they
are really "captive", as superior people like to say: one has only to look at the series of TAM* ratings, which record
the state of the television set in the testing sample's home every thirty seconds, to find out the speed with which a
programme will be switched off if viewers don't like it. But though they know what they like and what they don't
94
like when they see it, they do not on the whole have any marked preconceptions before any given programme
begins. A play, whoever it is by and whatever style it is written, is judged by the same simple but reliable rule of
thumb* as Wagon Train or What's my line*: if they like it, if it holds their attention, it stays on; if not they switch to
the other channel or even, in extreme cases switch off.
*Television Audience Measurement
* a practical and approximate way of doing or measuring something
*TV series
QUESTIONS
1. When has television become important?
2. What is it important for?
3. Why is it important?
4. Which is the real advantage for television?
Do you think it is important to have any preconceptions of a programme before watching it?
Do you agree with the text? Why? Why not?
THE SPORTING SPIRIT
I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates good will between the nations, and that if
only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination
to meet on the battlefield.
Even if one didn't know, from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international
sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles. Nearly all the sports practised
nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your most to win. On the
village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling and local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply
for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger
unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused.
At the international level sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behaviour of
the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into
furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe -at any rate for short periods- that running, jumping and
kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.
Even a leisurely game like cricket, demanding grace rather than strength, can cause much ill-will. Football,
a game in which everyone gets hurt, is far worse. Worst of all is boxing.
George Orwell.
QUESTIONS
1. What do people say about sport?
2. Does the writer agree with them?
3. What is the attitude of the spectators?
4. Do you agree with the author's opinions about sport? Why? Why not?
What do you think/know about American habits?
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TEST ACADEMIE 1
(2010)
Partea I:
Choose the correct answer a, b, c or d.
Are you interested in seeing the beautiful fall foliage of New England but tired of
traffic jams and overbooked hotels? Then this year forget the crowds in New
England and see the beautiful colors of autumn in the Catskills.
The rugged mountains in New York State, just 90 miles northwest of New York City,
are famous for the legendary tales of Rip Van Winkle, and more recently for the
summer hotels that sprang up in the region during the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s.
Families trying to escape the heat of New York City found the Catskills to be the
perfect place to stay for a month or so each summer. By the late 1950s, there were
over 500 resorts and hotels offering nighttime entertainment as well as all kinds of
outdoor activities. Since the introduction of air-conditioning and cheaper air travel,
however, families have stopped coming to the Catskills in such large numbers,
choosing instead more distant locations at different times of the year. Many of the
Catskill hotels closed in the 1970s, but some remain and have expanded and
changed their facilities to meet the needs of todays visitors.
Currently, there are many activities available to the traveler besides witnessing the
changing colors of the leaves. There is an all organic sheep farm where visitors can
see how a traditional sheep farm operates. There are also hundreds of scenic drives
in the area. Route 42, for instance, is an excellent site for spotting bald eagles.
1. What is the authors main purpose in this passage?
a) to promote the Catskills as a vacation destination.
b) to introduce visitors to famous Catskills entertainers.
c) to describe the history of the Catskills region.
d) to compare the Catskills to New England.
2. According to the passage, which of the following caused the decline in
the number of resorts in the 1970s?
a) television
b) shorter vacations
c) affordable air travel
d) more traffic
3. In what season would a tourist most likely have visited the Catskills in
the 1950s?
a) fall
b) winter
c) spring
d) summer
4. Which of the following most reflects the authors tone in this passage?
a) informative and scientific
b) humorous and skeptical
c) regretful and reminiscent
d) light and encouraging
5. According to the passage, what might a visitor be lucky enough to do?
a) see fall leaves in color
b) see a kind of bird
c) work on a sheep farm
d) drive on scenic roads
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6. The author implies that in the Catskills there are few:

a) leaves
b) eagles
c) people
d) sheep
The weather is not beautiful all of the time. Perhaps you can remember a day when
bad weather made you
afraid. One kind of bad weather that scares many people is called a thunderstorm.
This is what happens when there is a thunderstorm. First you see a sudden flash of
bright light. A few seconds later you hear a loud rumbling sound. This quick flash is
called lightning, and the loud sound is called thunder. Lightning is colourful, but it
can cause serious problems. Lightning is electricity that is moving very rapidly. It
may be moving between a cloud and the ground, between two clouds or between
two parts of the same cloud. The lightning heats the air around it. This hot air
expands, or gets bigger, and it causes the air to move in waves. The air waves pass
you in series, one after another.
For this reason, you may hear many rumbles and not just one sound.
7. The main idea of paragraph two is:
a) In a thunderstorm, lightning is dangerous, and thunder is, too.
b) A thunderstorm consists of lightning and thunder.
c) At the beginning of a thunderstorm, there is heavy rain and lightning.
d) People remember the days when bad weather scares them.
8. When you hear thunder, you may hear a series of loud sounds and not
one big sound. This is because:
a) the hot air moves between two clouds.
b) the air waves pass one after another.
c) the thunder comes after the lightning.
d) it is summer time and too hot outside.
9. Lightning always moves:
a) between two clouds.
b) in waves.
c) rapidly.
d) slowly.
People have smoked cigarettes for a long time now. The tobacco which is used to
make cigarettes was first grown in what is now part of the United States.
Christopher Columbus, who discovered America, saw the Indians smoking. Soon the
dried leaves were transported to Europe where smoking began to catch on. In the
late 1800s, the Turks made cigarettes popular. Cigarette smoke contains at least
two harmful substances, tar and nicotine. Tar, which forms as the tobacco burns,
damages the lungs and therefore affects breathing. Nicotine, which is found in the
leaves, causes the heart to beat faster and increases the breathing rate. Smoking
cigarettes is dangerous. The US Public Health Service stated that cigarette smoking
is the cause of lung cancer and several other deadly diseases. The US government
now requires that each package of cigarettes bears a special warning about the
danger of smoking.
10. The main idea of paragraph 3 is:
a) Smoking is very bad for your health.
b) There is a special warning on each package of cigarettes.
c) The US Public Health Service said that smoking causes lung cancer.
d) Cigarette smoke damages not only our lungs but also the heart.
97
11. Before Columbus discovered America:

a) Europeans did not smoke cigarettes
b) nicotine was not in tobacco
c) both a) and b)
d) Turks used to smoke cigarettes
12. In the nineteenth century, smoking became popular because of the
people in:
a) India
b) Turkey
c) the US
d) England
13. Breathing is affected by:
a) tar
b) nicotine
c) both a) and b)
d) neither a) nor b)
The skunk is a small animal that comes in a variety of color patterns, but the most
well-known variety is
black with a white line or stripe down its back. The skunk is probably most famous
for its method of protecting itself. If another animal tries to attack or hurt it, the
skunk will release or spray a yellowish liquid. This liquid can burn skin and hurt
other animals eyes. In addition, this liquid smells horrible!
14. What is the main idea of the paragraph?
a) Skunks are small animals with strong feet.
b) Some skunks are black with a white stripe, but there are other patterns.
c) Skunks have a unique way of protecting themselves from danger.
d) Skunks try to attack or hurt other animals that have the same colors.
The United Nations was officially set up on October, 24, 1945, at a special meeting,
in San Francisco,
California. The idea of the UN, as the United Nations is often called, was proposed
by Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt. The UN, which has more than 130
nation members, tries to keep world peace, help countries to be friends, encourage
countries to respect each other, improve living conditions, and set up a good
system of international law.
15. What is the main idea of the paragraph?
a) The United Nations began in 1945.
b) The United Nations has 130 members.
c) The United Nations was begun by Churchill and Roosevelt.
d) The United Nations is a large international organization.
Partea a II-a: GRAMATIC I VOCABULAR
16. Im hungry I anything
c) had looked
since breakfast.
d) had been looking
a) didnt eat
18. If she were rich she a big
b) havent eaten
house.
c) dont eat
a) will buy
d) hadnt eaten
b) can buy
17. I for a new car for months
c) could buy
before I bought one.
d) buys
a) have been looking
19. I feel like out tonight.
b) looked
What about you?
98
a) to go
b) going
c) we go
d) to going
20. I apologize when I broke
my moms favourite glass.
a) ought to
b) must
c) could
d) had to
21. Sergeant Sheila prefers iceskating driving.
a) than
b) from
c) to
d) rather
22. When you rang I my bike.
a) cleaned
b) was cleaning
c) used to clean
d) clean
23. Lizzie has been having dance
classes she was four years
old.
a) for
b) from
c) since
d) when
24. The news on the radio
yesterday.
a) were announced
b) announced
c) was announced
d) is announced
25. The play was said because
the lead actor was ill.
a) to be cancelled
b) to have cancelled
c) cancelled
d) to have been cancelled
26. Father would not ... us to go
there for our summer holiday.
a) let
b) permit
c) agree
d) leave
27. Our mutual friend was ...
with murder.
a) accused
b) arrested
c) charged
d) sentenced
28. Can this camera ... good
photos?
a) make
b) take
c) achieve
d) do
29. She prefers to ... her own
business.
a) charge
b) run
c) make
d) order
30. Im so excited! Its my first
day ... .
a) at job
b) in work
c) in job
d) at work
31. They had a terrible fight and
now their wedding is ... .
a) up
b) over
c) off
d) out
32. Please ... me to call John on
his birthday.
a) remember
b) recollect
c) remind
d) reiterate
33. The bank ... were caught by
the police on the same day.
a) thieves
b) robbers
c) burglars
d) bandits
34. We are just ... the last act of
the play.
a) rehearsing
b) revisiting
c) repeating
d) rejecting
35. Spanish is the ... tongue of
many South Americans.
a) mother
b) birth
c) native
d) natural
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Partea a III-a: SCRIS

36. Which is the correct sentence?
a) Why bought your sister a new skirt for her birthday?
b) Why dont you buy your sister a new skirt for her birthday?
c) Why dont you buy your sister a skirt new for her birthday?
d) Why not you buy your sister a new skirt for her birthday?
37. Choose the correct conclusion to a letter:
a) Im looking forward to seeing you here.
b) Im looking forward to see you here.
c) Im seeing forward to looking you here.
d) Im seeing forward to look you here.
38. Which is the correct salutation of a formal letter when you do not
know the name of the person you are writing to?
a) Dear Sir,
b) Dear Madam,
c) Dear Sir/Madam,
d) Dear Mr./Mrs.,
39. Which is the correct ending to a formal letter which begins with Dear
Sir/Madam?
a) Yours faithfully,
b) Yours,
c) Yours sincerely,
d) Best,
40. Select the phrase that best completes the sentence:
I am writing . my last holiday.
a) complaining about
b) to complain at
c) to complain to
d) to complain about
41. Which is the correct order:
a) I really was excited when the parcel arrived for me.
b) I was really excited when the parcel did arrived for me.
c) I was really excited when the parcel arrived for me.
d) Was I really excited when did the parcel arrive for me.
42. Which would you choose to end an informal letter?
a) Yours faithfully,
b) Best wishes,
c) Yours friendly,
d) Yours sincerely,
43. Choose the best connectors:
I agreed with them, thoroughly disagreed.
a) both .. and
b) either .. nor
c) neither . nor
d) not only . but olso
44. Choose the correct variant to complete the sentence:
I want to know ..
a) where located your hotel is.
b) where is your hotel located.
c) where your hotel located is.
100
d) where your hotel is located.

45. Which is the best sentence to begin an e-mail to a friend:
a) I am writing to tell about my experience working in this hotel.
b) I am writing to express my satisfaction at working in this hotel.
c) Its great working in this hotel.
d) Im writing to let you know how enthusiastic I am about working in this hotel.
NOT: Timpul de lucru 90 de minute.
Toi itemii sunt obligatorii. Pentru fiecare item corect rezolvat se acord
0,2 puncte. Se aloc 1 punct din oficiu.
101
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.
How long___________ your car?
a.
are you having
b.
have you had
c.
you are having
2.
After___________ some time with my
family, I traveled to London
a.
spending
b.
have spent
c.
have spending
3.
Would you mind___________ the book I
gave you?
a.
to return
b.
returning
c.
to returning
4.
I dont feel__________ to the cinema.
a.
to going
b.
like going
c.
to go
5.
I______ him for years.
a.
have known
b.
know
c.
have been knowing
6.
_______________ it go dark, I began to
feel afraid.
a.
While
b.
As soon as
c.
Until
7.
Dont work so hard. You
_____________very tired.
a.
look as if
b.
looking as if
c.
look
8.
The people_____________ house were
staying in live in England.
a.
whitch
b.
whose
c.
where
9.
I heavent finished my
homework____________.
a.
already
b.
still
c.
yet
10.
I____________ in California when I met
my friend Joe.
a.
worker
b.
was working
c.
working
11.
Can you ______________the keys when
you get home?
a.
give to her
b.
give her
c.
to give her
12.
Although students____________Everton
are___________ in their early____, we are
accepting more and more _________applicants.
a.
attend, generally, twenty, older
b.
attending, generally, twenties,
olders
c.
attending, generally, twenties,
olders
13.
Ideally, they_______have
completed_______ one year_______university.
a.
should, at last, in
b.
must, as least, at
c.
should, at least, in
14. Although I made_________ impression
during my job interview, I dont think Im going to
be hired
a.
a successful
b.
an important
c.
a favorable
15. Id like you to_____ some recent
photos__________ you write me.
a. enclose, next time
b. enter, next time
c. enclose, , the next time
16. In his speech, the
Predident__________the importance_________our
productivity
a.
pointed, of increasing
b.
stressed, of to increase
c.
stressed, of increasing
17. Why arent you working?
Because I dont know what________
a.
do I do
b.
am I doing
c.
to do
18. If you follow the____________youll learn
how to operate this stereo system.
a.
writings
b.
descriptions
c.
instructions
19. I work as a journalist for a national
newspapers.
That___________a really interesting job.
a.
must be
b.
would have been
c.
will be
20. You probably get a really great salary.
Im not really as__________as you think Iam
a.
paid well
b.
well paid
c.
well paying
21. What sort of job are you looking for?
102
Id like to have a job_________use the

foreign languages I know
a.
that can
b.
where to
c.
where I can
22. How good are you at keeping deadlines?
I always finish my work when I_________.
a.
am supposing
b.
am supposed to
c.
have suppose
23. I bought a
_______,_______,_________sweater.
a.
red, new, woolen
b.
woolen, new, red
c.
new, red, wollen
24. Id like to ask you some questions about
your_________background.
a.
education
b.
educational
c.
educated
25.
Youre late
I_________ here fasted because there
was such a heavy traffic.
a.
cant get
b.
wasnt getting
c.
couldnt get
26. I wonder__________youd mind lending
me your calculator
a.
how
b.
whether
c.
when
27.
Annes not here now, but I can take a
message for her.
.
O.K.
Please___________her to call
Joe at eight oclock
a.
to tell
b.
could you
tell
c.
tell
28. I work_______ small ________company.
a.
for, publishing
b.
in a, publishing
c.
for a, publishing
29. The company has_________an office in
Paris.
a.
opened
b.
oppened
c.
open
30. I have been_________to run a new office
_________Paris.
a.
chose, in the
b.
chosen, in
c.
choosen, at
31.Alexandra said she__________their marketing
manager.
a.
was
b.
were
c.
is
32. You________obviously _________ill for
several days.
a. have, been
b. had, be
c. has, been
33. What did she say? She said she__________to
talk to you.
a.
doesnt have
b.
arent about
c.
didnt want
34.
It is dreadful
having__________a room with her. She is so
untidy!
a.
sharing
b.
to share
c.
to stay
35.
Can you really_________to
buy that CD__________now?
a.
affrord, recorder
b.
afford, players
c.
afford, player
36. _________you ring me to let
me_________you_______safely?
a. should, know, re
b can, know, are
c. can, know, would be
37. Why________Andrew__________mistakes all
the time?
a.
does, make
b.
is, making
c.
-, makes
38.
How do you get________
__________your parents?
a.
-, with
b.
well, with
c.
on, with
39.
What sort of_________car has
Christine__________this time?
a.
-, buy
b.
a, buy
c.
-, bought
40.
My sister had always______selfconscious about_______nose so she decided to go
to________clinic _________an
operation__________will straighten it.
a.
been, her, a, for, which
b.
be, his, a, for, who
c.
been, her, the, for, who
41.
You________be very proud of your
son________so many prizes.
a.
will, to win
b.
will, wining
c. must, winning
103
42.
We thought our cousins_______ us when
they were in town last week, but they didnt even
phone. I suppose they________too busy.
a.
would pay a visit, are all
the time
b.
would visit, must have
been
c.
will visit, are
43.
I have just_______the garage to check
whether theyve__________my car, but
I_________get an answer.
a.
rung, fixed, cant
b.
ring, fixed, cannot
c.
rung, fix, cannot
44.
Why did you walk all the way from the
station? You_________for a lift.
a.
had to phoned
b.
could have phoned
c.
should to ring me up
45.
The expenses will
be_________by__________taxpayer.
a.
Supported, b.
borne, the
c.
borne, those
46.
It is one of___________cities in England.
a.
most polluted
b.
the most polluted
c.
polluted
47.
The___________of the negotiations is
uncertain yet.
a.
results
b.
rules
c.
outcome
48. He finally __________to get in touch with him.
a.
succeede
b managed
c. succeeded
49.
There__________great_________betwee
n the two countries. Close relations
__________between them.
a.
are, differences, exist
b.
are, difference, exists
c.
is a, difference, are
50.
She is _________ French and American.
a.
both
b.
also
c.
too
51.
He should________ the waiter a bigger
tip.
a.
given
b.
have given
c.
gave
52.
He__________in politics since the last
________.
a.
was interested, elections
b.
has been interested,
elections
c.
have been interested,
voting
53.
They are ___________ good friends,
I_________ I had a car to see them more often.
a.
such, wish
b.
my, want
c.
-, wanted
54.
I___________ never manage to remember
how________that door.
a.
can, to open
b.
will, oppening
c.
cannot, to open
55.
In the USA, young__________ are lucky
to__________to drive at sixteen in some states.
a.
peoples, can
b.
people, be allowed
c.
people, allow
56.
I________ two years in
__________United States several years ago.
a.
spent, b.
spend, c.
spent, the
57.
She _________ alone for ten years, since
her parentsdeath.
a.
has been living
b.
has been leaving
c.
had been leaving
58.
Whatever arguments the Union leader
used in_________speech, he_________failed to
convince ________ nation.
a.
his, has, the
b.
his, has, a
c.
her, her, the
59.
Are you
interested__________photography?
a.
for
b.
in
c.
at
60.
I prefer travelling by airplane_________
its usually faster and more__________than other
means of transportation.
a.
although, comfortable
b.
since, comfortable
c.
furthermore, suitable
61.
It was your birthday yesterday,
_________?
a.
wasnt it
b.
didnt
c.
or it wasnt
62.
Where will we be able to have lunch?
Dont worry . There are a lot of nice
places________ downtown.
a.
for us eating
b.
for eat at
104
c.
for eating
63.
What would you do if you lost your
job?
I guess _________another one.
a.
I would have looked for
b.
I would look for
c.
To look for
64.
Why have you decided not to buy the
car?
Because I ____________.
a.
dont afford it
b.
cant afford it
c.
cant afford
65.
If you __________an effort, you will
finish your work by two oclock.
a.
try
b.
make
c.
do
66.
John is a very _____friend of mine and
weve known each other for years.
a.
near
b.
firm
c.
close
67.
Ive been asked to be the_________ of
ceremonies at our schools graduation dinner.
a.
leader
b.
speaker
c.
master
68.
Your money will be______ if you are not
satisfied with our service.
a.
rejoined
b.
refunded
c.
restored
69.
It is healthier to eat apples without
____________ them.
a.
cleaning
b.
undoing
c.
peeling
70.
Most of the tenants who_________in our
apartament building are students.
a.
rent
b.
reside
c.
set
71.
My teacher always _________me on the
back whenever I do good work.
a.
hits
b.
pats
c.
hands
72.
He couldnt listen to his walkman because
his mother had_________the batteries.
a.
tied
b.
remover
c.
changed
73.
I cant do this puzzle. I ____________!
a.
give out
b.
give up
c.
give off
74.
_____________ of them could win the
quiz. It was very difficult.
a.
either
b.
neither
c.
both
75.
Flight nineteen from Paris is now arriving
at ___________.
a.
gate two
b.
the gate two
c.
the second gate
76.
The greater the demand,
____________the price.
a.
the highest
b.
higher
c.
the higher
77.
The Oxford University was__________in
the thirteenth century.
a.
founded
b.
found
c.
renovated
78.
We__________ swim near windsurfers.
a.
wouldnt
b.
oughtnt
c.
shouldnt
79.
We never stop____________a language.
a.
learning
b.
learn
c.
to learn
80.
If I _____________you, Id write that
letter straight away.
a.
have been
b.
had been
c.
were
81.
I dont want to cook. Lets buy
some__________food
a.
take home
b.
take away
c.
take off
82.
They have some very
lovely___________in their garden.
a.
booths
b.
bushes
c.
wigs
83.
His uncles son is his ___________.
a.
brother-in law
b.
nephew
c.
cousin
84.
He contributed a great deal to the
development of our culture_________-.
a.
wrinting, as a teacher and
lecturer
b.
wrinting, teaching and
lecturing
105
c.
lecturer
85.
wrinting, teaching and as a
According to a recent report, the number of automobile accidents has actually gone down. The
reason for this decrease can be attributed to better driver education.
Based an the above astatements, there are fewer car accidents, because:
a.
there are better cars on the road
b.
drivers are better trained
c.
drivers are very educated
86.
Ticket prices: $30.000One Way- All Destinations, out of which:
50%discount for night-time trips;
Passengers who are 18 years of age and younger pay 90%of the fare;
Passengers who are 5 years the age and younger travel free-of-charge.
How much would you pay if you were sixteen years old?
a.
more than $20.000
b.
less than $15.000
c.
10% off the regular fare
87.
Im fictional character in a play by Shakespeare. I live in Verona.
My family are the swor enemies of the Montagues, but unfortunately I am madly in love
with one of them. In our story, we get married secretly, but then things start to go drastically wrong. The
end of our love story takes place in my familys vault where my lover poisons himself and I end up
stabbing myself with a dagger. Sad, isnt it? My name is...
a.
Robert Kennedy
b.
The Duke of Windsor
c.
Juliet Capulet
88.
The ability to deal with people is as purchasable a commodity as sugar or coffee. And I will
pay more for that ability than for any other the sun. Who might these words belong to?
a.
John D. Rockefeller
b.
Benjamin Franklin
c.
Albert Einstein
89.
Find the correct interpretation: He gave an accurate description of the man.
a.
He handled them a report about the man
b.
He described the man accusingly
c.
He gave a correct and exact description of the man.
90.
Find the correct interpretation: Every writer is a student of human nature.
a.
Writers always want to become students again.
b.
Writers always learn about the human nature
c.
Writers human nature is similar to students one
91.
Find the correct interpretation: Before they moved in, they cleaned the house thoroughly.
a.
They cleaned the house from top to bottom and then they moved in
b.
They went through the house to make sure it was clean before moving in
c.
They decided to clean the house they had moved in
92.
Find the correct interpretation: They only knew basic language.
a.
They had a very small vocabulary
b.
They were very coarse
c.
They used a simple computing language
93.
Find the correct interpretation: The USA is almost as large as Europe.
a.
Europe is slightly bigger than the USA
b.
Europe is as big as the USA
c.
The USA is much bigger than Europe
94.
Find the correct interpretation: There were fifteen people besides me applying for the job
a.
Fifteen people were standing next to me in the queue for the job
106
There were fifteen of us who wanted the job

I was not applying for the job
Find the correct interpretation: As he walked through the door, she walked out.
He walked in and at the same time she walked out
Before he walked in, she walked out
He walked in and then she walked out
Find the correct interpretation: Plase, take a seat!
Pick one up and take it away
I dont want all my seats any more
Sit down
97. Find the correct interpretation:
How on earth did you find me?
a.
Youll never find out where I am
b.
It is quite difficult to get hold of me, but you did
c.
What do you think of me?
98. Find the correct interpretation: I am not actually on the list of candidates
a. My mane is not on the list of candidates
b. My name is not on the list, but it will be soon
c. I withdrew my mane from the list of candidates
99.
Find the correct interpretation: He could have studied English last year.
a.
He has studies English, but he doesnt any more
b.
He was able to study English last year.
c.
He had the opportunity to study English but didnt take it
100.
Choose the best synonym for the words written in capital letters: He was CONFIDENT in his
approaches
a.
trustful
b.
certain
c.
tolerant
101.
Choose the best synonym for the words written in capital letters: Helen was definitely a
SHREWD woman
a.
stupid
b.
clever
c.
direct
102.
Choose the best synonym for the words written in capital letters: His DESULTORY remaks
made the vistors feel confused
a.
good
b.
initial
c.
untidy
103.
Choose the best synonym for the words written in capital letters: Her CONSPICUOUS
achievements are her best recommendation
a.
well-known
b.
remarkable
c.
social
104.
Choose the best synonym for the words written in capital letters: The report was SCATHING
about the lack of safety.
a.
scornful
b.
very critical
c.
clear
105.
Choose the best synonym for the words written in capital letters: His RUGGED manners
betrayed his low origins.
a.
awful
b.
indecent
107
b.
c.
95.
a.
b.
c.
96.
a.
b.
c.
c.
coarse
106.
Choose the best synonym for the words written in capital letters: I was STUNNED by the
news of her death.
a. impressed
b. shocked
c. stunted
107.
Choose the best synonym for the words written in capital letters: As he seemed to be a coward,
everybody TAUNTED him.
a.
accused
b.
ridiculed
c.
pointed at
108.
Choose the best synonym for the words written in capital letters: She cast a FURTIVE glance
at her partner
a.
brief
b.
sly
c.
casual
109.
Choose the best synonym for the words written in capital letters: Their sudden outburst was
obiously genuine, it couldnt have been CONTRIVED.
a.
False
b.
planned
c.
dissolute
110.
Choose the best synonym for the words written in capital letters:
She was a THRIFTY housekeeper, an important matter to one of his small means and never wasted a
penny.
a.
kind
b.
poor
c.
sparing
111.
He proved himself a BOLD and ASTUTE commander.
a.
brave, cunning
b.
brave, engaged
c.
fearless, severe
112.
With a sign he TOSSED the programme back on the table.
a.
put
b.
filled in
c.
cast
108
TENSE REVISION
Past & Present Perfect
Richard Fox (1)___________(live) in Hong Kong for around seven years and for the past two
years he (2)_________(share) a flat in Wan Chai. He originally (3)________ (come) here on
holiday but (4)_________(decide) to stay on when he heard that it was easy to find a job as a
teacher. He (5)___________(work) for three different schools over the years and
(6)____________(just/start) work for his fourth employer.
He likes Hong Kong because of its convenient location in Asia which (7)__________(allow) him
to visit a lot of countries in the region. To date he (8)___________(go) to China, Thailand,
Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam and Cambodia. He (9)____________(not/go) to Macau as he
says hes not interested in gambling.
He likes the food in this part of the world and (10) ___________(try)a lot of dishes that he
(11)_____________(not/hear of ) before he (11)__________(come) here. While on holiday in
China a couple of years ago he even (12)___________(try) dog, which he describes as quite
tasty. He (13)___________(not/sample) monkeys brains yet, but says hell give anything a
try...once.
He says that living in a city like Hong Kong is very different to the small town in England where
he (14)___________(bring up) and (15) ____________(give) him a broader outlook on life. He
(16)______________(never / have to) learn a foreign language before he
(17)_____________(come) here. Nor (18)________________(meet) many people from Asia.
He still finds communication with local people difficult at times and he (18)__________(be) lazy
about learning Chinese. However, he (19) ________________ (at last / enroll) for a course in
spoken Cantonese which ___________(20) next week.
109
Present Tense Simple or progressive

1. They normally _____________________ lunch at two. (have) 2. Are
_____________________ in Paris this week? (you work) 3. You _____________________ new
clothes every Saturday! (buy) 4. I played football at school but now I _____________________
swimming (prefer)
5. I _____________________ no idea what the book is about. Can you tell me what its about?
(have)
6. John _____________________ a difficult time at the university this year (have) 7. My father
_____________________ everything about cars, but nothing about bicycles. (know) 8. The
moon _____________________ round the earth. (go) 9. Do _____________________ those
men at the door? They _____________________ at us very strangely (you see, look) 10. We
_____________________ that the contents of this letter should be changed.(feel) 11. They
_____________________ lunch at the moment. You shouldnt disturb them. (have) 12. The
watch _____________________ to my grandmother. (belong) 13. I _____________________
what you _____________________ me but I dont agree with you (hear, tell) 14. This medicine
_____________________
a
new
substance
(contain)
15.
These
days
we
_____________________ tests at school. (always have) 16. Why _____________________ my
coat? Oh, Im sorry. It _____________________ like mine! (you wear, look) 17. This cake
_____________________ strange. Whats in it? (smell) 18. Hi Jake. What
_____________________ at the moment? I _____________________ the sunshine at the
beach. (you do, enjoy) 19. Where __________________________ from? (new neighbours,
come) 20. What _____________________ for a living? - He is a government official but he quit
his job a few weeks ago. And what _____________________ now? At the moment he
_____________________ for a new job. (your Dad do, he do, look)
Past Tense Simple or progressive
1. It ______________________ (rain) when we __________________ (come) out of the
shopping centre. 2. It _________________(happen) very quickly. The car
______________________ (come) out of the side road and then the van
______________________ (drive) into the back of it. 3. I ______________________ (be) ill last
week. 4. He ______________________ (break)his leg when he ______________________
(ski) . 5. I ______________________ (look)out of the window and saw that people
__________________ (walk) in the park. 6. Emma ______________________ (pass) her exam
a few weeks ago. 7. When we ______________________ (see) the spaceship we
___________________(stop) the car. 8. When ______________________ (you buy) the car? I
______________________ (buy) it a few years ago. 9. He ______________________ (sit) in the
garden when a wasp ______________________(sting) him in the nose. 10. Claire
______________________ (go) to Egypt last month. 11. She ______________________ (have)
a beautiful dream when the alarm clock ________________ (ring). 12. The car
______________________ (stop) at the lights. 13. We ______________________ (drive) home
in the middle of the night when we ______________ (see) a flashing light. 14. Soft music
______________________ (play) when I ______________________ (go) into the room. 15.
______________________ (you buy) that bag while I ______________________ (look) after
the children? 16. It ______________________ (be) peaceful and the birds
______________________ (sing). 17. Was _________________________(Jimmy, already wait)
for you when you ______________________ (get) there? 18. I ______________________
(ring) at about 3 oclock yesterday, but you ______________________ (not pick) up the phone.
110
What ______________________ (you do) ? I ______________________ (help) Dad in the

garden so I probably ______________________ (not hear)it. 19. I ______________________
(lie) in the bath when the phone ______________________ (ring). It ______________________
(stop) after a few rings. 20. It ______________________ (be) cold when we
______________________ (leave) the house that day.
Fill in the correct form of the Present Perfect tense!
1. The earth __________________ here for billions of years (be). 2. We
________________________ cards for the last few hours (play). 3. We
________________________ problems with our new car recently (have) 4.
____________________________ on anything interesting lately ?(you work) 5. Cuba
________________________
a
socialist
country
since
1959
(be)
6.
I
________________________ care of my neighbours cats while they are away (take) 7. I
________________________
my
car
for
three
years
(have).
8.
________________________________ an important fight? (the boxer , ever, win) 9. John and
Mary ________________________ with each other since the day they got married (quarrel). 10.
It ________________________ hard since last night (rain). 11. Im tired because I
________________________ well lately. (not feel) 12. _________________________________
your problems? (your parents, always, understand) 13. The patient ________________________
penicillin for several days now (take) 14. A big earthquake ________________________ San
Francisco since 1906. (not hit) 15. They ___________________________ in San Francisco since
they arrived in the USA 20 years ago. (live) 16. He got ill five weeks ago and
________________________ yet. (not recover) 17. Everyone in the Middle East
________________________ about the situation for decades (worry). 18. We
________________________ very cold weather this year (have) 19. Where
________________________ the money? (you, hide) 20. At last ,my favourite team
________________________ against its most important rival (win) 21. I
________________________ for 6 years. (be married) 22. Dad ________________________ a
number of jobs in the last few years (have). 23. The bank is still closed. It
________________________ yet. (not open) 24. Our daughter ___________________________
lipstick since she was 16 (wear). 25. She is angry because her boyfriend
________________________ up yet and she ________________________ for half an hour. (not
show, wait). 26. Im still waiting for an answer. They ________________________ up their
minds yet. (not make) 27. How many times ________________________ the cat today? (Kim
feed)
28.
The
kids
________________________
on
my
nerves.
They
________________________ too much noise (get, make). 29. My company
________________________ a lot of money in the last few years. They
________________________ hard on an important project. (make, work). 30. They
________________________ our new refrigerator yet, but they will any day now. (not deliver)
Fill in the correct form of the verb All tenses
1. My family ___________________ (buy) some land in southern France recently. They
___________________ (build) a summer house there at the moment. 2. Andy and Mary
___________________
(go)
to
a
concert
tomorrow
night.
They
____________________________ (look forward to) it the whole week. 3. Jonathon
___________________ (watch) the news on TV every day and it ___________________ (help)
him with his English. 4. My car ___________________ (break) down when I
___________________ (drive) home from work. I ________________________ (fix) it if I
111
___________________ (know) what was wrong. But I didnt so ___________________ (have)

to take it to the garage. 5. When he ___________________ (found) Microsoft, Bill Gates was
only 20 years old. He ___________________________ (already write) his first computer
programme six years earlier. 6. An accident ___________________ (happen) near my house last
night. A car _______________ (hit) a young man. He ___________________ (ride) his bike
when someone in front of him suddenly ___________________ (open) a car door. Many people
___________________ (see) the accident. The police ___________________ (interrogate) them
last night. 7. Mrs Smith said that one day she ________________________ (retire) from
teaching. She said that she ___________________ (spend) her new free time learning about
computers. 8. I ______________________ (not sleep) at all last night. Someone
___________________ (listen) to music all night. 9. I ___________________ (see) a film a
week ago, but I _______________________ (not enjoy) it very much because I
_______________________ (already read) the book. If I ___________________ (not read) the
book I ____________________________ (probably enjoy) the film more. 10. The judge
sentenced the man to eight years in prison because he ___________________ (rob) a bank. 11.
They ________________________ (stand) in the queue for over an hour when the manager
___________________ (tell) them that there were no more tickets. 12. Alan
___________________ (be) in the car accident yesterday. The other driver
___________________ (lose) control of his car because he ___________________ (fall) asleep.
13. She ___________________ (not see) her father since he ___________________ (start) to
work in Marseille two years ago. 14. I ___________________ (sleep) when the fire broke out.
15. Linda phoned and explained that she _________________________ (not can) to come to the
party the next day because she ___________________ (be) still sick. 16. I
________________________ (just see) the film The Da Vinci Code. ___________________
(you see) it too? No, I ___________________ (not have) but I ___________________ (read)
the book. 17. My sister ___________________ (fly) home from London today. Her flight
___________________ (arrive) in an hour so I ___________________ (leave) for the airport
right now to get there in time. 18. Unless he ___________________ (sell) more he wont get
much money. 19. While he ___________________ (wait) for the bus there
___________________ (be) a robbery at the bank. After the robbers ___________________ (go)
away the police ___________________ (come) but they ___________________ (not can) to
catch them. 20. I ___________________ (use) to ski when I was at the university but I
___________________ (break) a leg five years ago and since then I ___________________ (not
ski) any more.
Fill in the correct form verb All Tenses 1.
I _______________ a great film yesterday. (see) 2. _____________________ a new car? (you
ever buy) 3. I _______________ him last Monday. (meet) 4. The band _______________ while I
_______________ . (play, write) 5. She _______________ the new car in 2005. (buy) 6. Her
mother _____________________ in Victoria for the past five years. (live) 7. They
____________________________ in Germany when we arrived a few days ago. (already be) 8.
_______________________ to get married? (you plan) 9. I _____________________ so much
fun since I was a kid. (have) 10. When I got up I _____________________ out of the window
and _____________________ that it _____________________ . (look, see, rain) 11. Janet
_____________________ for Smith and Brothers before she came to work for us. (work) 12. I
_____________________ three movies so far this week. (see) 13. How long
_____________________ for me? (you wait) 14. I _____________________ over Loch Ness
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last week. - _____________________ the Loch Ness monster? (fly, you see) 15. Im afraid Im
not hungry. I _____________________ . (already eat) 16. Peter _____________________
football in the afternoon when he got the call. (play) 17. What _____________________
between 9 and 12 yesterday morning, the detective said. (you do) 18. He kept looking at her,
wondering where he _____________________ her before. (see) 19. The doctors waiting room
was full of people. Some _____________________ a magazine, a woman
_____________________ and a child _____________________ with a doll. Suddenly the door
_____________________ and a nurse _____________________ out. (read, knit, play, open,
come) 20. Travelling _____________________ much easier and more comfortable in the past
hundred years. (become) 21. I _____________________ cake. Thats why my hands are full of
flour. (bake) 22. When I first came to this house it _____________________ quite a noisy area.
(be) 23. He twisted his ankle while he _____________________ . (ski) 24.
_____________________ the doors before you leave the house? (you ever lock) 25. My best
friend and I _____________________ each other for 15 years. (know) 26. Jack usually
_____________________ but he _____________________ when his father comes. (smoke, not
smoke) 27. _____________________ breakfast yet? Yes I had it together with Sue at 7. (you
have) 28. I _____________________ this kind of work when I was a small boy. (do) 29. He
_____________________ the paper when his wife came home. (read) 30. He
_____________________ for an hour now. Ill be finished soon. (speak) 31. How long
_____________________ John and Maria?- We met the couple over thirteen years ago. (you
know) 32. He _____________________ in Oxford for two years and when his mother died he
moved to London. (live) 33. After Harry _____________________ his work he
_____________________ Jude from the office. (finish, call) 34. You _____________________
your homework for two hours. Havent you finished yet? (do) 35. He always
_____________________ to the supermarket alone, but today he _____________________ his
son with him. (go, take) 36. He never _____________________ in the evening, only on
Sundays. (work) 37. I _____________________ to South America but I have been to New York
several times. (never, be) 38. _____________________ Jean? No, she probably went to her
friends place. (anyone, see) 39. I _____________________ to the bank yesterday but when I got
there it was closed. (go) 40. She _____________________ in school all day. (be) 41. Lee
_____________________ late every day since Tuesday. (be) 42. Herberts father
_____________________ his sons birthday (never forget) 43. I _____________________ my
report because I had a problem with my computer. (not finish)
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TEST ACADEMIE
(2013)
Partea I: CITIT
Many people think that being clever, rich and attractive is the best way to find happiness. But
according to a recent report in New Scientist magazine, these things arent as important as we think. A
group of scientists reviewed hundreds of research studies from around the world and then made a list of
the top ten reasons for happiness - and their list makes very surprising reading.
1. What would be a suitable title for the passage above?
1
The secret of happiness
2
Rich and clever
3
What scientists think
4
A very surprising discovery
Since it opened its first store in 1963, IKEA has become one of the biggest furniture empires in
the world. The company has made people think differently about the way they furnish their homes,
particularly in countries like Germany, the UK and France. Over 365 million people worldwide spend
more than 8 billion in IKEA stores each year and the number of customers keeps rising. The best-selling
products are bookshelves, sofas, candles, chairs and coat hangers, but perhaps IKEA is most famous for
its flatpack furniture.
2. What is the main purpose of the passage?
1
to list the countries in which IKEA operates
2
to advise people on what to buy from IKEA
3
to give a presentation of IKEA
4
to make people change their mind about home decorating.
During the teenage years, many young people can at times be difficult to talk to. They often seem
to dislike being questioned. They may seem unwilling to talk about their work in school. This is a normal
development at this age, though it can be very hard for parents to understand. It is part of becoming
independent, of teenagers trying to be adult while they are still growing up. Young people are usually
more willing to talk if they believe that questions are asked out of real interest and not because people are
trying to check up on them.
Parents should do their best to talk to their son or daughter about school, work and future plans
but should not push them to talk if they dont want to. Parents should also watch for danger signs: some
young people in trying to be adult may experiment with sex, drugs, alcohol or smoking. Parents need to
watch for any signs of unusual behaviour which may be connected with these and get help if necessary.
3. What is the writer trying to do?
1
help parents to understand teenagers
2
give advice to inexperienced teachers
3
give advice to difficult teenagers
4
help parents to behave responsibly
4. For what reason would somebody read the text?
1
for amusement
2
for pleasure
3
for information
4
for opinion
5. What does the writer say about teenagers?
1
they enjoy adult relationships
2
they hate answering questions
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3
4
they prefer being with their friends

they may behave strangely
6. What is said about parents?

1
they are not very good listeners
2
they should make a special effort
3
they tend to use too much force
4
they dont understand problems
A month ago I had no idea that on a Saturday afternoon in November Id be hanging 30 meters
above the ground and enjoying it. Now I looked down at the river far below me, and realised why people
love rock-climbing.
My friend Matt and I had arrived at the Activity Centre on Friday evening. On Saturday morning
we met the other ten members of our group. Cameron had come along with two friends, Kevin and
Simon, while sisters Carole and Lynn had come with Amanda. We had come from various places and
none of us knew the area.
We knew we were going to spend the weekend outdoors, but none of us was sure exactly how.
Half of us spent the morning caving while the others went rock-climbing and then we changed at
lunchtime. Matt and I went to the caves first. Climbing out was harder than going in, but after a good deal
of pushing, we were out at last covered in mud but pleased and excited by what wed done.
7. What is the purpose of the text?
1
to advertise the Activity Centre
2
to describe some people she met
3
to explain how to do certain outdoor sports
4
to say how she spent some free time
8. What can the reader learn from the text?
1
when to depend on other people at the Centre
2
how to apply for a place at the Centre
3
what sort of activities you can experience at the Centre
4
which time of year is best to attend the Centre
9. What activity did the writer engage in first?
1
rock-climbing
2
caving
3
pushing
4
rafting
10. What do we learn about the group?
1
Some of them had been there before.
2
They had already chosen their preferred activities.
3
Some of them already knew each other.
4
They came from the same city.
11. How do you think the writer might describe her weekend?
1
interesting
2
relaxing
3
frightening
4
unpleasant
In many ways, my interest in the whole business of language learning began with my
grandmother. She was an immigrant and, as a young child, I was always confused that my grandmother
spoke one language to me, another to my parents and a third one to my grandfather and on the phone to
relatives back home. I guess she could have been a translator of books, or even a writer, as she seemed to
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pick languages up so quickly, but the amazing thing was that shed left school at the age of 11 and had
taught herself everything she knew.
The main reason to speak different languages for her was so she could communicate in these
different cultures. Although its often said that learning languages can help you to find higher-paid
employment, these days, travel and the internet are generally happening in a kind of limited global
English or can be translated electronically, so my grandmother has still got it right.
If she did, so can we. In fact, theres a lot of extra help these days from IT. Recording your voice
with feedback facilities on web learning sites helps you to control how you speak, and so improve. I still
think going to class means you can interact with other, real people in the same space, but it can also mean
that you keep repeating the same mistakes. Its good to combine these methods.
12. What does the writer think is special about her grandmother?
1
She spoke three languages.
2
She translated books for publishers.
3
She learnt languages without having teachers.
4
She could write quickly in different languages.
13. What could the writers grandmother have become?
1
school teacher
2
translator
3
web designer
4
IT consultant
14. The writer says the most important reason why people use language is
1
to learn about other cultures
2
to travel internationally
3
to get better jobs
4
to use the internet
15. The writer says IT helps you to learn languages because it means
1
you can study in different places
2
you can talk to other learners
3
you can repeat things easily
4
you can check your mistakes.
16. Tom _________ cricket for long, but hes
1
as the more
already quite good at it.
2
the more
1
isnt playing
3
more
2
hasnt been playing
4
as many
3
doesnt play
20. Snow and rain _________ of nature.
4
didnt play
1
are phenomenon
17. Ive got a _________ money left, so well
2
are phenomena
have to be careful what we buy.
3
is phenomenon
1
little
4
is phenomena
2
few
21. He said he didnt want to go to the theatre,
3
much
as he _________ Hamlet three times.
4
many
1
saw
18. People _________ happier if they ate well
2
sees
and got more exercise.
3
had seen
1
are
4
has seen
2
were
22. If you _________ decide very soon, you
3
would have been
will end up staying at home.
4
would be
1
wont
19. Unfortunately, _________ projects we
2
dont
complete successfully, the more work there is.
3
arent
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4
wouldnt
23. I did badly in the test. The teacher
_________ studied for it.
1
said why I hadnt
2
asked why hadnt I
3
said why hadnt I
4
asked why I hadnt
24. We need _________ information in order
to finish the project.
1
further
2
farther
3
furthest
4
farthest
25. You havent eaten anything. You
_________ be really hungry.
1
might
2
will
3
must
4
can
26. You should _________ sure youve
answered all the questions on the exam paper.
1
do
2
have
3
take
4
make
27. Have you _________ studying astronomy
at university?
1
wondered
2
thought
3
guessed
4
considered
28. My dad is worried because he _________ a
lot of money to the bank.
1
lacks
2
costs
3
owes
4
purchases
29. I wanted to buy a drink, but the machine
was out of _________.
1
work
2
order
3
position
4
operation
30. The bank was _________ again yesterday.
1
stolen
2
broken
3
robbed
4
taken
31. Our team faced fierce _________ in the
relay races.
1
attack
2
competition
3
contest
4
enemies
32. Theres a train coming. Dont stand at the
edge of the _________.
1
trail
2
track
3
lane
4
platform
33. Anyone is accepted at this college
_________ of race, sex or creed.
1
devoid
2
depending
3
regardless
4
considering
34. Space is the most _________ environment
we will ever explore.
1
hostile
2
unkind
3
adverse
4
angry
35. He was so _________ at maths in school
that he was the youngest student accepted in a
college.
1
brilliant
2
hopeless
3
keen
4
proud

36. They havent contacted us lately. _________, we havent heard from them in a while.
1
Although
2
In fact
3
Therefore
4
Than
37. The teacher _________.
1
hasnt yet handed in the test
2
hasnt handed in yet the test
3
hasnt handed in the test yet
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4
hasnt handed the test yet in
38. Your essay has many strong points. _________, you still need to rewrite some passages.
1
However
2
In spite of
3
Even if
4
Despite
39. Can you tell me _________?
1
when does the next train to Geneva leave
2
when leaves the next train to Geneva
3
when does the next train to Geneva leaves
4
when the next train to Geneva leaves
40. Choose the most appropriate beginning for an informal letter:
1
Thomas dear,
2
Dear Mr. Thomas,
3
Dear Sir,
4
Dear Thomas,
41. Choose the most appropriate ending for a formal letter:
1
Best wishes
2
Yours faithfully
3
Lots of love
4
Regards
42. What type of letter contains the following line: I am writing to draw your attention to the
inadequate behaviour of your staff.?
1
Letter giving information
2
Letter of application
3
Letter of complaint
4
Letter requesting information
43. If I were in your position, I would consider accepting the job offer. This line appears in a
letter:
1
giving information
2
giving advice
3
requesting advice
4
introducing an argument
44. One of the advantages of the Internet is the abundance of information. _________, it allows you
to communicate easily.
1
For instance
2
Consequently
3
Despite
4
In addition
45. Choose the most appropriate line to finish an informal letter:
1
Write back and tell me about your plans for the weekend.
2
I am writing you to express my strong dissatisfaction with the services provided.
3
I look forward to receiving a reply from you.
4
Im sorry I havent written for such a long time.
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TENSE QUIZ
1. _____ your homework?
A. Have you done B. Has you done C. Did you do D. Have you do E. Has you done
2. Which books .......................................... to school yesterday?
A. took you B. take you C. have you taken D. do you take E. did you take
3. When _____?
A. do you arrived B. did you arrived C. has you arrived D. have you arrived E. did you arrive
4. We _____ my aunt next week on Friday. It will be her birthday.
A. will visit B. visited C. is visiting D. have visited E. are visiting
5. We ............................... that film.
A. will already seen B. have already seen C. has already seen D. already saw E. already did see
6. The weather forecast says the sun _____ tomorrow.
A. is going to shine B. is shining C. may shine D. shines E. will shine
7. She _____ in this house for years.
A. has been living B. has lived C. have lived D. lived E. lives
8. Many things _____ this month.
A. changed B. didn't changed C. has changed D. have changed E. would change
9. Look! She .. from a large whisky-bottle.
A. are drinking B. drink C. drinks D. is drinking E. will drink
10. Leif Ericson..................Vinland while he towards the west.
A. was discovering ... sailed B. has discovered ... were sailing C. has discovered ... was sailing D.
discovered ... was sailing E. discovered ... sailed
11. If I ....................... the Superman, I ........................
A.was/ fly B. were/ will fly C. were/ would fly D. would be/ flew E. would be/ would fly
12. I . (finish) doing this exercise.
A. am finishing B. has just finished C. have just finished D. just finished E. just have finished
13. I ........................................... positive reviews about that film in the papers so I am going to see it.
A. has read B. have read C. read D. readed E. will read
14. Hi Jane, you _____ sad! What's up?
A. are looking B. is looking C. look D. looks E. will look
15. He mineral water every day.
A. are drinking. B. drink C. drinks D. is drinking E. will drink
16. He was late. When he ......................... at the airport, the plane ...................
A. left ... had arrived B. has arrived ... left C. had arrived ... left D. had arrived ... had left E. arrived ... had
already left
17. He ......................................... about everything!
A. always complain B. always complains C. is always complaining D. is complaining E. will always
complain
18. Harry ............... and we ............................ him the news.
A. had woken up/told B. wakes up /told C. was waking up/ told D. woke up told E. woke up were telling
19. After he .............................painting, he ..........................a shower.
A. finish / have B. has/ finished had C. had finished/ had D. had finished/ had had E. finished/ had
20. ........................................... rugby?
A. Did you ever played B. Do you ever played C. Has you ever played D. Have you ever play E. Have
you ever played
FILL IN WITH THE CORRECT VERB FORM:
1. Hardly had the minister finished his speech when gunshots ---- (storm) the stadium.
2. Everybody will be at the office at about 08:30 tomorrow as the meeting ---- (start) at nine o'clock.
3. That candidate who we had been interviewed before we ---- (speak) to all the others is still my favorite.
4. While climbing onto the mountain top, I ---- (encounter) a strange animal which I'd never seen before.
119
5. The chairman was sure that his plan would work out fine as no other member ---- (oppose) it up to that
time.
6. I wasn't surprised to hear that Monica ---- (have) an accident as she is a very reckless driver.
7. Since the very first day when the Umbrella Company embarked upon such a dangerous and risky labresearch, very strange incidents ---- (take place) within the research complex.
8. Urbanization ---- (always / be) a problem which causes several environmental challenges ever since the
rate of migration ---- (increase) after the industrial revolution.
9. When I ---- (come) home this evening, my parents had gone out for a walk.
10. By the time the troops ---- (arrive), the war will have ended.
11. By the year 2020, linguists ---- (study) the Indy-European language family for more than 200 years.
12. Gasoline ---- (become) a major problem for people for the last ten years, therefore, during this time
many people have preferred to sell their cars and buy smaller ones.
13. By the time he was 14, Wolfgang Mozart ---- (compose) an enviable number of musical pieces.
14. Nothing in my life ---- (be) so strong to stop me achieve my goals so far and I don't think anything
will be.
15. Archaeologists ----- (explain) recently that an ancient underground city around Cappadocia has long
wide corridors where there are many special areas for making cheese and wine.
16. I was amazed when he accepted a drink, since I ---- (always / assume) that he was a teetotaler.
17. I ---- (play) tennis tomorrow but I won't be able to do that because I have injured my right ankle.
18. We ---- (visit) the seashore many times before but last summer we enjoyed ourselves more than ever.
19. According to a survey, thousands of vending machines ---- (have to be converted) before the new
coins have come into circulation.
MULTIPLE CHOICE 2
1. This time tomorrow some of the people in this room __________________ to their home
countries.
A will travel B will travelling C will be travelling D will have travelling
2. Augusto couldn't open the classroom door because one of the other students __________ it from
the inside.
A locked B was locking C has locked D had locked
3. Every day, even when it's raining heavily, Henry ____ for an early morning run before eating
breakfast.
A going B is going C goes D is gone
4. At the moment, _________ an exercise in order to review the English verb tenses that I have
learned.
A I do B I doing C I'm doing D I've done
5. Before people landed on the Moon in 1969, some people ________ that the moon was made of
cheese.
A believed B were believing C have believed D had been believing
6. By Christmas, all of the students in our class __________________ to their countries.
A will return B will have returned C will be returning D will have returning
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7. This is Javi's last week at the school so ________________ Goodbye to all his new friends for the
last three days.
A he says B he said C he's said D he's been saying
8. I'm sorry I can't come to your party tomorrow night. __________ dinner with Cristina and
Samara. Maybe I can come along afterwards.
A I will have B I'm having C I have D I will have had
9. So far, during her time at International House Bristol, Tchior ________ to six pancake parties and
fifteen barbecues.
A came B comes C has come D has been coming
10. At six o'clock this morning most of us were asleep in bed. But Atheer ____________ for today's
grammar.
A studied B studies C was studying D has studied
11. This is the second to last question in this set of questions. In two minutes' time
you __________________ and then you will find out your score.
A will finish B will have finished C will be finishing D will have been finishing
12. When Elisabetta _______ for her morning lesson, the teacher was collecting the homework from
the other students.
A arrived B was arriving C had arrived D had been arriving
MULTIPLE CHOICE 3
1. As the sun _____, I decided to go out.
A. ? --A. ? shines
B. ? a
B. ? shine
C. ? the
C. ? has shone
D. ? some of
D. ? was shining
6. I _____ your uncle tomorrow, so I'll
2. It's a long journey by train; it's much
give him your note.
_____ by road.
A. ? going to see
A. ? more quickly
B. ? have seen
B. ? quickly
C. ? shall have sheen
C. ? quicker
D. ? am seeing
D. ? more quick
7. She walked _____ the road without
3. My house is opposite _____ the park.
looking.
A. ? of
A. ? by
B. ? from
B. ? across
C. ? to
C. ? through
D. ? --D. ? long
4. They _____ married in church last year.
8. Has _____?
A. ? are
A. ? the post yet come
B. ? have
B. ? the post come yet
C. ? made
C. ? come the post yet
D. ? got
D. ? yet the post came
5. She loves _____ Hungarian music.
9. I don't speak Japanese, but Jenny _____.
121
A. ? do
B. ? does
C. ? speaks
D. ? is speaking it
10. "_____ yet?" " Nearly."
A. ? Do you finish
B. ? Did you finish
C. ? Have you finished
D. ? Are you finishing
11. We spent _____ day sunbathing.
A. ? whole of the
B. ? whole
C. ? all the
D. ? the whole
12. She said she _____ for five hours.
A. ? has worked
B. ? worked
C. ? had been working
D. ? has been working
13. By the time the police arrived, the
thieves _____ the stolen money.
A. ? are hiding
B. ? hide
C. ? had hidden
D. ? will have hidden
14. They never do _____ homework.
A. ? they
B. ? their
C. ? they're
D. ? there
15. It's not raining _____.
A. ? more
B. ? any more
C. ? no more
D. ? some more
16. _____ cows are animals.
A. ? The
B. ? Some
C. ? A
D. ? --17. Janet is _____.
A. ? an old my friend
B. ? an old friend of me
C. ? a my old friend
D. ? an old friend of mine
18. _____ books on this shelf were written
by Dickens.
A. ? All the
B. ? Every
C. ? The all
D. ? All
19. He's _____ intelligent than his sister.

A. ? much less
B. ? not so
C. ? much fewer
D. ? lesser
20. Can you play _____ piano?
A. ? on the
B. ? --C. ? a
D. ? the
21. The whole thing is much simpler _____
you think.
A. ? than
B. ? as what
C. ? --D. ? then
22. My brother's son is my _____.
A. ? cousin
B. ? uncle
C. ? son-in-law
D. ? nephew
23. My uncle arrived while I _____ dinner.
A. ? cook
B. ? was cooking
C. ? had cooked
D. ? would cook
24. Don't be late _____ your music lesson.
A. ? at
B. ? for
C. ? on
D. ? to
25. How long does it _____ to get to
London?
A. ? need
B. ? take
C. ? want
D. ? make
26. He doesn't like company. He always
works _____.
A. ? alone
B. ? solo
C. ? only
D. ? lonely
27. "It's a pity you haven't seen that play."
"But I have, I _____ it last week."
A. ? have seen
B. ? saw
C. ? was seen
D. ? had seen
28. If you _____ to town tomorrow, will
you do some shopping for me?
122
A. ? go
B. ? will go
C. ? went
D. ? will be going
29. I've got a very good _____ with the
BBC.
A. ? profession
B. ? job
C. ? work
D. ? occupation
30. Yesterday I _____ my son's trousers.
A. ? sew
B. ? sawed
C. ? sow
D. ? sewed
31. He won't be late, _____ he?
A. ? won't
B. ? will
C. ? isn't
D. ? don't
32. I feel _____ after all this typing.
A. ? terribly bad
B. ? terribly tired
C. ? myself terribly tired
D. ? myself terribly bad
33. When _____ Mr. Jones?
A. ? you did meet
B. ? did you meet
C. ? have you met
D. ? you met
34. Smoking is a bad _____ of yours.
A. ? custom
B. ? usage
C. ? practice
D. ? habit
35. We have been waiting for you _____.
A. ? an hour
B. ? since an hour
C. ? for an hour
D. ? an hour ago
36. How long does the train _____ from
London to Edinburgh take?
A. ? travel
B. ? tour
C. ? voyage
D. ? journey
37. They _____ to the theatre twice so far
his month.
A. ? were
B. ? have been
C. ? are going
D. ? are
38. I can't wait. I'm _____ a hurry.
A. ? in
B. ? on
C. ? with
D. ? for
39. Do you know _____ I met last
Saturday?
A. ? with whom
B. ? that whom
C. ? --D. ?S who
40. He would be very happy if you _____
what he asked.
A. ? will do
B. ? do
C. ? did
D. ? have done
41. Will you do me a favour if _____ you?
A. ? somebody wants it
B. ? I want
C. ? I ask
D. ? we all would like
42. He was fined by the police for driving
too _____.
A. ? fastly
B. ? speedy
C. ? fast
D. ? hard
43. The family lost their money on roulette
so they're unable to buy _____.
A. ? anything
B. ? something
C. ? everything
D. ? nothing
44. We _____ be millionaires one day.
A. ? will has to
B. ? can be able to
C. ? could
D. ? have had to
45. "Can you lend me a pound?" "_____"
A. ? No, sadly.
B. ? Not, sorry.
C. ? I'm afraid not.
D. ? I afraid no.
46. The hijackers were arrested and didn't
know where _____.
A. ? they would take
B. ? will be taken
C. ? they're taken
D. ? they were being taken
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47. The policeman warned the photographer

_____ too near.
A. ? shouldn't come
B. ? not to come
C. ? don't come
D. ? doesn't come
48. A horrible morning was followed by a
torrent of rain _____ afternoon.
A. ? on late
B. ? in late
C. ? late in
D. ? late in the
49. "What are you doing?" "I _____ to find
my watch."
A. ? tried
B. ? try
C. ? 'm trying
D. ? 've tried
50. "How many eggs have we got?"
"_____"
A. ? Not too many.
B. ? There aren't some.
C. ? Not too much.
D. ? They're no in the fridge.
51. "Some sugar?" "_____"
A. ? Yes, please.
B. ? No, I don't.
C. ? Thanks, I'd like.
D. ? No, no me!
52. In his spare time he works _____ a
salesman for an insurance company.
A. ? as
B. ? like
C. ? at
D. ? out
53. No matter _____, you must keep trying.
A. ? how difficult it seems
B. ? however seems it difficult
C. ? however it seems difficult
D. ? how difficult does it seem
54. My train arrived at 10:15, which means:
_____.
A. ? fifteen past ten

B. ? fifteen ten
C. ? ten fifteen
D. ? ten past fifteen
55. The old general told us stories of how he
_____.
A. ? defeat the enemy
B. ? was fighting in the battles of 1944
C. ? has fought the Germans
D. ? had won the war alone
56. My son is only one and a half years old
but he can already _____.
A. ? hurry
B. ? go
C. ? come
D. ? walk
57. "How old is she now?" "She _____ in
1905."
A. ? born
B. ? was born
C. ? was burn
D. ? was borne
58. If you'd written earlier, I'd have known
when you _____ to go on holiday.
A. ? wanted
B. ? will want
C. ? would intend
D. ? would want
59. The tourists were looking forward
_____ the Tate Gallery.
A. ? a visit to
B. ? to visit
C. ? to visiting
D. ? visiting
60. How much longer _____ this
dictionary?
A. ? you need
B. ? will you need
C. ? need you
D. ? have you needed
124
TEST ACADEMIE
(2011)
Partea I: CITIT
Ice Cream
Ice cream is the favourite frozen dessert in most countries. It is made of cream, sugar,
and different flavours. Some kinds of ice cream also contain eggs. Ice milk has less fat
than ice cream but is also delicious. The wife of the third U.S. president (James Madison)
was the first person to serve ice cream in the White House about two hundred years
ago. Today, Americans eat in excess of thirty million litres per year.
1. What is the main idea of the text?
a) Ice cream is a very popular and delicious dessert.
b) Ice cream may contain cream sometimes.
c) The third U.S. president had ice cream in the White House.
d) Some people prefer ice milk instead of ice cream.
Tic-Tac-Toe
To play tic-tac-toe is not difficult. First, you must draw a grid. You can do this by drawing
two vertical lines and then drawing two horizontal lines across them. You now have a
grid with nine spaces. One player puts an X in any square, and then the other player
puts an O in one of the open spaces. The goal of the game is to be the first player to
have three marks (X or O) in the same line.
a) Three players cannot play tic-tac-toe at the same time.
b) First you must draw a grid to play tic-tac-toe.
c) Tic-tac-toe is an easy game to play.
d) A tic-tac-toe grid has only nine spaces.
The Telegraph
The telegraph was invented in 1837 by Samuel Morse and revolutionized
communication. It is an instrument for sending messages between distant places by an
electric current. To operate a telegraph, you push a special key and then release it. This
action closes and opens the electric circuit. The telegraph makes use of a special code,
called the Morse code. A message sent on a telegraph is called a telegram. In the
1800s, the telegraph was extremely important until it was replaced by the radio and the
telephone.
a) The telegraph was a very important invention for communication.
b) Telegrams are sent on telegraphs.
c) It is not very difficult to operate a telegraph.
d) The radio was a more important invention than the telegraph.
Mark Twain
Mark Twain was one of the most popular authors in America. His real name was Samuel
Langhorne Clemens, and he was born in 1835 in the state of Missouri. He grew up and
spent most of his life near the great Mississippi River. In 1864 he travelled to California.
He became famous the following year when he wrote a short story which was called
The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County. In the next few years, he travelled
around the world and continued his writing career.
4. When did Mark Twain become well known as a writer?
a) in 1863
b) in 1864
c) in 1865
d) in 1866
125
5. Where was Mark Twain born?

a) in California
b) in Mississippi
c) in Calaveras
d) in Missouri
Letter to the Newport Evening News
On Saturday afternoon I left my handbag on the bus. In it were my cheque book,
address book and my purse, which contained about 50 in cash and some credit cards.
When I realized what I had done, it was too late. I didnt know what to do: Im 72 years
old, I was a long way from home, and I was quite worried. In fact, I stood by the side of
the road and just cried. A young man asked me what was wrong and I explained what
had happened to me. He gave me some money for my bus fare home. When I told the
bus driver what had happened he said I should keep the fare.
I got home safely and the telephone rang soon after. It was the manager of CityBus, the
company that owned the bus on which I had left my handbag. He said that they had my
handbag and he offered to drive over to return it. I got my handbag back, amazingly
with all its contents untouched. I would just like to say how wonderful everybody was
who helped me on that day, and how much I appreciate their kindness and honesty.
Mrs. B. James, Newport
6. What is the writer trying to do in the letter?
a) make a complaint
b) show her thanks
c) report a theft
d) make an enquiry
7. What will the reader learn from the letter?
a) You should not carry much cash in a handbag.
b) Travelling by bus is too difficult when you are old.
c) There are some kind people in Newport.
d) You should always have the correct bus fare.
8. How did the writer feel after her experience?
a) surprised that nothing was stolen
b) annoyed that the local bus service is inconvenient
c) afraid to travel on her own again
d) worried about how to repay the bus driver
9. Why did the writer cry?
a) She was late.
b) She was lost.
c) She was poor.
d) She was anxious.
10. How much money did the purse contain?
a) 50 pounds
b) about 50 pounds
c) a few pounds
d) more than 50 pounds
Ainsley Harriott
Ive always been a bit of an entertainer and played the funny man. I was a part-time
comedian for years, so I learned how to stand in front of audiences. It made me sure of
myself. I like being liked and I love making everyone smile.
Ive lived in London all my life and have just moved to a larger house with my wife Clare
and our two children, Jimmy and Madeleine. We spend a lot of time just singing and
dancing around the house. I grew up with music because my dad is the pianist, Chester
Harriot whos still playing, by the way. My working day is divided between television
126
and writing cook books, though TV takes most of my time. I spend about five days a
fortnight working on the cooking programmes I appear in. I eat all sorts of things at
home but I only buy quality food. When Im cooking, I experiment with whatever is in
the fridge its good practice for my TV series.
Im a football fan and enjoy going to matches, but Im a home loving person really. I
dont like going to the pub but we do go out to eat about twice a month. Theres nothing
better than a night at home playing with the
children. I rarely go to bed before midnight. Late evening is when fresh thoughts on
cooking usually come to me, so I often write or plan my programmes then. When I
eventually get to bed, I have no trouble sleeping!
11. What is the writers main purpose in writing the text?
a) to describe how he lives
b) to say what makes him laugh
c) to talk about his cooking ideas
d) to explain how he started in TV
12. What would a reader learn about Ainsley from the text?
a) He is a very good musician.
b) He likes to plan the family meals.
c) He is nervous about performing on stage.
d) He enjoys spending time with his family.
13. What does the writer say about himself?
a) He loves going out and meeting people.
b) He is very similar to his father.
c) He enjoys being popular.
d) He should go to bed earlier.
14. What does he say about his working life?
a) He would like to appear less on TV.
b) He gets his best ideas at certain times.
c) He prefers being a comedian.
d) He should practice cooking more.
15. Who, in the writers family, plays the piano?
a) Clare
b) Jimmy
c) Madeleine
d) Chester
16. Col. Jones is preparing his
d) need
speech.
19. The desert cool at night.
a) deliver
a) it is
b) delivering
b) is
c) delivered
c) unless it is
d) to deliver
d) and is
17. We better go home now.
20. There was smoke in the
a) do
kitchen.
b) should
a) many
c) did
b) a lot of
d) had
c) few
18. You listen to me when Im
d) a few
talking to you.
21. Show me the woman husband
a) can
is a doctor.
b) may
a) whos
c) must
b) whose
127
c) of which
29. Dont sign the until youve
d) who
read every word of it!
22. They would offer us a 10%
a) industry
discount if we in advance.
b) contract
a) book
c) staff
b) would book
d) profession
c) booked
30. This military shirt is too
d) will book
around the neck. I cant breathe!
23. A car is than a bike.
a) tight
a) the fastest
b) smooth
b) as faster
c) rough
c) much faster
d) practical
d) more fast
31. Its important to have a sense
24. My little daughter for the last
of or its easy to get depressed.
half hour.
a) laughter
a) has been crying
b) amusement
b) has cried
c) comedy
c) had been crying
d) humour
d) had cried
32. Is it really your to be a
25. Do you know where ?
paratrooper?
a) is this author born
a) application
b) this author was born
b) profession
c) has this author been born
c) ambition
d) was this author born
d) contract
26. We had our English exam this
33. Britains is fairly mild its
morning. I hope Ive it.
never very hot or very cold.
a) achieved
a) forecast
b) taken
b) climate
c) failed
c) environment
d) passed
d) heat wave
27. Ive left you a list of on the
34. Jeanne, us that joke about a
kitchen table. Make sure you follow
guy who knocks on the door.
them.
a) say
a) degrees
b) speak
b) directions
c) make
c) instructions
d) tell
d) experiences
35. I was very when I was little. I
28. You have to on the word
was always getting into trouble!
Next to see the next web page.
a) bad tempered
a) press
b) naughty
b) click
c) depressed
c) push
d) polite
d) hit
36. Which is the correct order?
a) Every month you do go to the dentists?
b) You do go every month to the dentists?
c) Do you go to the dentists every month?
d) Do you every month go to the dentists?
37. Choose the correct line to end an informal letter:
a) Yours sincerely,
b) Lots of love,
128
c) Yours faithfully,
d) Thank you.
38. Choose the correct word to complete the sentence: It was windy that half the
trees had been blown down.
a) such
b) even
c) if
d) so
39. Choose the correct sentence to begin a narrative paragraph:
a) I got up at 6:30 a.m., as usual.
b) There are four learning styles.
c) New York is one of the biggest cities in the U.S.
d) Finally, we were allowed to leave.
40. In what type of letter can you find the following sentence? I would greatly
appreciate if you could provide
me with some information on
a) letter giving information
b) letter requesting information
c) letter of complaint
d) letter of invitation
41. Which sentence can you find in a formal letter?
a) Thanks a million for your letter.
b) Sorry, Ive taken so long to write
c) I am writing to apply for the position of
d) How are you?
42. Which sentence is correct?
a) Hamlet, whom is Shakespeares most famous play, is a masterpiece.
b) Hamlet which is Shakespeares most famous play, is a masterpiece.
c) Hamlet, which is Shakespeares most famous play, is a masterpiece.
d) Hamlet who is Shakespeares most famous play is a masterpiece.
a) Before have you ever met him?
b) Have you ever met him before?
c) Have you before ever met him?
d) You have before ever met him?
44. Sorry to disturb you is used to express:
a) opinion
b) agreement
c) apology
d) disagreement
45. Which of the following sentence can be found in a descriptive paragraph?
a) This attractive suburban home has four bedrooms and two bathrooms.
b) As Donald entered the castle, he felt strange.
c) People strongly agree with the decision to build a large shopping centre here.
d) Discounts would encourage students to buy textbooks.
TEST CMPINA
LIMBA ENGLEZ 2007
Choose the right answer:
61. Its time you your hair cut.
a) have b) had c) has
62. Unless you her now, she will leave for

good.
129
a) dont call b) would call c) call

63. Obstinate means:
a) stubborn b) capable c) obstructed
64. She earns money than her sister.
a) little b) fewer c) less
65. news in this paper never
accurate.
a) this, is b) these, are c) the, is
66. We wish youup your mind in such a
hurry for this important decision.
a) didnt make b) dont make c) didnt made
67. I dont have a ticket. ..
a) Me too b) Neither do I c) Neither have I
68. ..in your shoes, I would choose the
other type of car.
a) Did I be b) Were I c) Would I be
69. Nobody has ever told me .. .
a) nothing b) no things c) anything
70. Shed rather youin drunk last night.
a) dont come b) didnt come c) hadnt come
71. Tom cant find the book on the shelf. His
brother ..it to someone.
a) must have lent b) may lend c) need have
lended
72. Everybody is joining us, ..?
a) dont he b) dont they c) arent they
73. We must have sharpened.
a) this scissors b) these scissor c) these scissors
74. What ..to do now without his help?
a) am I b) should I c) must I
75. By the time their parents come back, the
children ..their dinner.
a) will eat b) would be eaten c) will have eaten
76. You have given me ..ideas and ..about
the job.
a) little, any advices b) few, little advice c) a
few, a few advice
77. No sooner the team ..back, .. the
coach resigned.
VARIANTA 2
61. Didnt you play football ?
a) used to b)get used to c) use to
62. If he them a lift , they wouldnt have had
to take a taxi.
a) did give b) had given c)gave
63. I dont enjoy .
a) laughing at b) to laugh at c) being laughed at
64. Would you mind the door ?
a) to close b) close c) closing
65. Young people laugh very loudly , makes
their parents mad .
a) had.come, than b) had.come,

when c) did ..come, than
78. John was the first person I saw ..the
hospital.
a) by leaving b) as leaving c) on leaving
79. The three winners were picked entirely at
from a pile of entries.
a) random b) chance c) choice
80. .the furniture .arrived yet.
a) None, has b) None of, has c) None of, have
81. You ..look at me when Im talking to you!
a) might b) couldnt c) need
82. .time for you to finish the job!
a) It is plenty time b) There are enough c) There
is plenty of
83. Robin denies .the speed limit.
a) have exceeded b) exceeding c) to having
exceeded
84. a pause in the conversation she left
the room
a) During b) By c) As
85. Threateningly means:
a) menacingly b) overwhelming c) disastrously
86. My father doesnt approve late at night.
a) of studying b) to study c) on studying
87. Dont you think that the balance of power
has recently?
a) swept b) shifted c) sifted
88. A lot of water under the bridge since
they last heard of her.
a) has flown b) has flewn c) has flowed
89. Your fiance wont buy that hat unless you
it.
a) agree to b) agreed with c) dont agree to
90. I have such a bad stomach ache after so
much food. If only I ..so much!
a) hadnt eaten b) didnt eat c) havent eaten
a) what b) that c) which

66. I asked him if he a good time.
a) had had b) did have c) has had
67. She insisted on the party at midnight.
a) beginning b) we begin c) to begin
68. I came across this antique chair quite by .
a) sight b) chance c) luck
69. As far as Im , the subject is closed.
a) regarded b) consulted c) concerned
70. He was so interested in his book that he
didnt her enter the room.
130
a) remark b) notice c) recognize

71. The boy stealing his friend s pencil.
a) refused b) rejected c) denied
72. Johnny for the airport as soon as the taxi
.
a) leaves / will arrive b) will leave / will arrive
c ) will leave / arrives
73. Cathy for her boyfriend for an hour when
he finally .
a) was waiting / showed up b) had been waiting /
showed up c) was waiting / had showed up
74. Her cousin is preparing to leave school
and join army.
a) the / the b) - / the c) a / an
75. He forgot that his assistant him that she
the next day .
a) told / is leaving b) told / was leaving c) had
told / was leaving
76. The officer to punish any soldier who
disobeys his orders.
a) is expected b) is waited c) is expecting
77. She decided to buy herself a dog after her
house .
a) has been broken b) had been broken into c)
had been broken
78. If you me a lift to school , my parents
grateful to you.
a) will give / will be b) give / will be c) give /
are
79. If the girl one or two friends , she so
lonely.
a) had / wouldnt feel b) has had / wouldnt feel
c) had had / would feel
80. The police asked the victim how to

escape unharmed .
a) did he manage b) had he managed c) he had
managed
81.I wish you him win the race today.
a) can have seen b) could have seen c) must
have seen
82. It is high time parents trusting their own
children.
a) start b) started c) had started
83. If only they us about the upcoming
meeting.
a) have warned b) had warned c) had been
warning
84. She said she come with us to the
mountains.
a) might b) mustnt c ) can
85. She looks very relaxed ; she have had a
very nice holiday .
a) can b) must c) could
86. Charles keeps complaining that his teachers
have made him hard lately.
a) study b) to study c) to have studied
87. The boy finally confessed that he had been
made his story .
a) change b) to change c) to have changed
88. Your brother will have to get used to to
school .
a) walk b) walking c) have walked
89. Tom asked his girlfriend where so that he
could take her home.
a) did she live b) she lives c) she lived
90. I wish the world a better place
a) will be b) wasnt c) were
CMPINA 2008
61. It's time you ... if you will come or stay.
a) decided; b) have decided; c) will decide.
62. She wishes she ... to see that play last night.
a) would have gone; b) went; c) had gone.
63. Who is ... tolerant? Mr. or Mrs. Brown?
a) the most; b) as; c) the more.
64. The more carefully you read, ... you'll understand the book.
a) best; b) the better; c) the best.
65. Could you give me ... more milk in my tea?
a) a little; b) many; c) a few.
66. There is hardly ... wine left.
a) some; b) no; c) any.
67. We had to queue for nearly two hours, and ....
a) neither had he; b) so did he; c) so should he.
68. The journey was ... longer than I thought it would be.
a) farther; b) very; c) much.
131
69. No sooner ... his umbrella than it began to rain again.

a) had he closed; b) has he closed; c) did he close.
70. The new theatre ... next month.
a) has been opened; b) will be opened; c) was opened.
71. Suppose you ... the exam, what would you do?
a) failed; b) would fail; c) have failed.
72. They were ... nice people that everybody enjoyed their company.
a) so; b) such; c) such a.
73. I ... my mother to sew up the hole in my shirt.
a) made; b) had; c) got.
74. She spends ... money on clothes.
a) a large amount of; b) a couple of; c) a great number of.
75. ... of these two records do you like best?
a) which; b) who; c) whose.
76. Let's visit the museum, ...?
a) shall we; b) will you; c) do we.
77. She was very tired, ... she couldn't sleep.
a) although; b) despite; c) yet.
78. I had my car ... yesterday.
a) mend; b) mending; c) mended.
79. If I had got up earlier, I ... the train.
a) didn't miss; b) wouldn't have missed; c) won't have missed.
80. If he ... so much in his early career, he wouldnt be so rich now.
a) didn't work; b) hadn't worked; c) wouldn't work.
81. We've decided to go to ... Canary Islands on holiday. Last year we went to ... Crete and liked ... people
there very much
a) the / - / the; b) a / - / the; c) - / the / -.
82. We suggested ... to the Lake District as it would be the best place to find hotel rooms each night.
a) to go; b) going; c) having gone.
83. He regretted ... lies to his parents when he was young.
a) to tell; b) telling; c) to be telling.
84. Last June my brother ... a car. He had an old scooter before, but it ... several times during the spring.
a) wanted to buy / had broken down;b) wanted buying / was breaking down; c) liked to buy / was
breaking up.
85. He said he ... me up tonight.
a) may ring; b) might ring; c) may have rung.
86. I ... asleep while I was working because it took me a long time to realise that the telephone ....
a) ought to fall / rang; b) had to fall / has rung; c) must have fallen / was ringing.
87. My boss ... on holiday tomorrow and he ... arrange everything before he ....
a) is going / wants me to / leaves; b) shall go / wants me to / will leave;
c) shall be going / wants that I / shall leave.
88. While I was walking down the street the other day, somebody asked me ....
a) what was the time; b) what the time was; c) what is the time.
89. They said I ... manage to mend it myself.
a) won't; b) wouldn't; c) don't.
90. I've just seen Mary ... the village.
a) to walk towards; b) walking towards; c) walking against.
132
TEST ACADEMIE
2014
Partea I: CITIT
Patrick has recently turned sixteen and his father taught him his first driving lesson yesterday. Back
out of the driveway. Be careful!, his father said. Make sure you look in the rear view mirror to see that
there is nobody behind you. Patrick followed the steps, backed up the car and turned the wheel quickly.
Suddenly, he and his father felt a strong bump. Oh, God! Patrick had hit the mailbox.
1. The idea that best summarizes the paragraph above is:
1
Patricks first driving lesson did not go very well.
2
Patrick will never be a good driver.
3
Patricks father was very upset.
4
Patrick doesnt have good driving skills.
There are more than two hundred million people in the United States today. People who live in the
U.S. are commonly called Americans. Most Americans are descendants of people who came from Europe
one or two hundred years ago. Of the people who came from Europe, most of those came from Germany,
Italy, England, Ireland and Austria. Many others came from the Scandinavian nations, such as Sweden
and Denmark. Many blacks came to the U.S. in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries as slaves. Today
there are more than twenty million blacks in the U.S. In other words, one out of every ten Americans is
black.
2. The main idea of the text above is:
1
More Americans came from Germany than from Austria.
2
American families first came from many different nations.
3
The first blacks came to the U.S. as slaves.
4
Sweden and Denmark are Scandinavian countries.
More than three thousand years ago, the Greek people developed a very sophisticated society. They
had a great civilization, one of the greatest that the Western world has ever seen. Greek architecture,
thinking, and art influenced other civilizations. Even the Greek language influenced other languages,
including English. For example, the English words alphabet, democracy and arithmetic come from
Greek.
3. The main idea of the text above is:
1
Greece was an extremely powerful nation.
2
Greece has influenced other civilizations and peoples.
3
The Greek language influenced many languages, including English.
4
The Greek architecture has influenced Western civilizations today.
The government published a report yesterday saying that we need to eat more healthily more fruit and
vegetables, less fat and sugar. So, that means fewer burgers, chips and fried food as well as cutting down
on sweet things. We went into central London yesterday at lunchtime and asked people what they thought
about it. Its got nothing to do with the government what I eat, says Paul Keel, a building worker, as he
eats a beefburger and chips washed down with strawberry milkshake. I think I have a healthy diet. You
see, I dont normally eat a beefburger for lunch. Normally I just have the chips. Any fish? I like cod.
But Ive only ever had it once. Tim Kennor, a librarian, welcomes the government advice. But he also
has his own rules. I think, he explains while eating his fried chicken and chips, its important to eat a
variety of food. We then asked Dorothy Matthews, aged 74. I dont think its the governments business
to tell us what to eat. We went into Simsons restaurant and asked the manager if people had changed
what they were eating. I dont think people believe all these reports anymore. What they say is good for
you in June, they say is bad for you in July. People have stopped taking notice. We served what we have
always served. Almost all of it is fattening.
4. What is the writer trying to explain in the text?
133
1
What people think.
2
His own opinion.
3
The government report.
4
The popularity of certain foods.
5. What can the reader learn from the text?
1
What the government is going to do.
2
Which meals are healthiest.
3
Whether the advice will be followed.
4
What kind of people like beefburgers.
6. What is Paul Keels opinion?
1
The governments advice is wrong.
2
Fish isnt good for you.
3
He doesnt need to change his habits.
4
He eats too many beefburgers.
7. What does the restaurant manager think of the report?
1
People dont understand the advice given.
2
People think they will soon be given different advice.
3
People dont bother to read these reports.
4
People are more concerned about losing weight.
8. Which of the following is part of the government report?
1
The population of this country should eat less.
2
Bad health in this country is caused by people eating the wrong kind of food.
3
People should take the time to prepare their own food at home instead of eating in restaurants.
4
Working people should make sure they have a good hot meal in the middle of the day.
9. What is Dorothy Matthewss attitude towards the government report?
1
The government is right to interfere in peoples diet.
2
The government should let people decide what they want to eat.
3
The government is partly entitled to regulate peoples diet.
4
She has no particular opinion regarding this report.
Theres an old saying in the theatre world Never work with children or animals. Its a pity that
Herman Gross has never heard this piece of advice, or if he has, that he didnt pay attention to it. Its not
so much that Pet Doctor is a bad film, although I cant really find many reasons for saying its a good one.
Its more that it makes me angry. Gross is a good actor. His appearance on the New York stage last winter
in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet showed that he really can act. So whats he doing in this nonsense?
Its a story about a small town doctor who finds hes making more money by looking after the local
childrens pets than he is by looking after humans. Then he gets into trouble with the police, because he
doesnt have the right sort of licence to do this and, surprise, surprise, the children and their pets find a
way to solve his problems. I wont say how, as its the only part of the film thats even slightly original or
amusing. If you have to see it, youd be annoyed with me for telling you. But my advice is, when it comes
to a cinema near you stay in and shampoo the cat.
10. What is the writer trying to do in the text?
1
Compare the theatre and the cinema.
2
Compare Herman Gross with another actor.
3
Give his or her opinion about using animals in films.
4
Give his or her opinion about Pet Doctor.
11. What would the reader expect to get from this text?
1
Information about a new film.
2
Ideas about how animals should be cared for.
3
News about the lives of film stars.
4
Information about the careers of child actors.
12. How did the writer feel about Pet Doctor?
134
1
Its funny.
2
It ends too suddenly.
3
Its not worth seeing.
4
Its ideal family entertainment.
13. Why did the writer mention Romeo and Juliet?
1
Its an example of a really good play.
2
Gross proved he is a good actor in it.
3
It was produced in New York.
4
The central characters are very young.
14. Which one of these TV guides is describing Pet Doctor?
1
A doctors patients complain about him. He is reported to the police and he has a lot of explaining
to do.
2
A doctor prefers animals to humans and stops looking after his patients. People are dying, the
animals are cured, then the police arrive.
3
A doctor finds he can cure local animals, then discovers this isnt allowed. But it all finishes
happily.
4
A doctor is loved by the children whose pets he cures. But everything goes wrong and he is sent
to prison.
15. What does the writer advise the viewers?
1
To go to the nearest cinema to see the film.
2
To shampoo the cat while watching the film.
3
To do other activities rather than see the film.
4
To take their children to see the film.
16. I ... a newspaper at least once a week.
21. If I were you, I ... think about this
1
am reading
carefully.
2
read
1
will
3
have read
2
would have
4
had read
3
would
17. I ... become an explorer when I grow up.
4
shall
1
go to
22. Michael said the dog ... his homework.
2
going to
1
is eating
3
goes to
2
had eaten
4
am going to
3
has eaten
18. It ... be a good film - the reviews were very
4
will eat
good!
23. We havent got ... money, but we can buy
1
cant
our tickets.
2
could have
1
many
3
must
2
much
4
must have
3
several
19. I heard theres ... new sports shop in town.
4
plenty
1
a
24. This job is much ... than the last one.
2
the
1
hard
3
an
2
hardest
4
one
3
harder
20. I wonder if you know where ...
4
more hard
1
is the post office?
25. Itll be great ... we find the solution.
2
is the post office.
1
when
3
the post office is?
2
before
4
the post office is.
3
because
4
but
135
26. What kind of music do you enjoy? Some

1
resort.
people like going to ... music concerts, and
2
post.
listening to an orchestra.
3
too.
1
classic
4
one.
2
classics
32. When you go to an open market, fresh
3
classical
fruit and vegetables are normally good health.
4
classified
The main problem is whether you can carry
27. I bought a new shirt yesterday. It has a ...
home lots of ... bags.
like a Chinese dragon on the back.
1
hand
1
tear
2
papers
2
design
3
heavy
3
cotton
4
more
4
pile
28. When I was a pupil I remember I had to ...
33. The village has a post office, a small shop
a lot of homework.
and a pub, and there is a railway ... three
1
make
miles away.
2
do
1
stop
3
ask
2
station
4
follow
3
post
29. Farmers use powerful chemicals to help
4
base
them grow better crops, but these chemicals
34. When travelling, people love buying
pollute the environment and ... wildlife.
from the places they visit.
1
harm
1
memories
2
spoil
2
memoirs
3
wound
3
souvenirs
4
wrong
4
recollections
30. It is easy to buy the wrong size and find
35. Its always worth looking at second hand
that your trousers are too .... especially if you
books, because you can ... a lot of money in
are a little bit overweight.
this way.
1
straight
1
borrow
2
close
2
spend
3
stiff
3
save
4
tight
4
count
31. Most people enjoy going abroad for their
holiday and having the opportunity to stay in
an interesting city or a seaside...
1
Every day you go to the mess hall?
2
Do you every day go to the mess hall?
3
Do you go to the mess hall every day?
4
You do go every day to the mess hall?
37. In what type of letter would you find the following sentence?
I would be grateful if you could send me full details of ...
1
letter of complaint
2
letter of invitation
3
letter of request
4
letter of information
38. What is the proper ending of an informal letter:
1
Yours faithfully,
2
Hope to hear from you soon.
136
3
I would like to say how sorry I am about the trouble I have caused.
4
Looking forward to receiving news about your brothers wedding.
39. Choose the right connector:
I am writing ... I want to apologize for missing your party last Friday.
1
for
2
because
3
and
4
if
40. What text type is it?
She casually opened the newspaper. There, on page two, was a large photograph of Colin. Oh,
no!, she thought to herself. Whats he done this time? She sighed and read the report below the
picture.
1
a report
2
an article
3
a short story
4
a formal letter
41. The best way to complete the following sentence is:
You know the way to the area ...
1
there the platoon is camped.
2
which the platoon is camped.
3
who the platoon is camped.
4
where the platoon is camped.
42. If I were you, I would spend the holidays in Hawaii. This line appears in a letter:
1
requesting information
2
requesting advice
3
giving advice
4
giving information
43. Choose the right connector:
The Ancient Egyptians did not have television. ..., they did not have advertisements.
1
However
2
As a result
3
Nevertheless
4
Moreover
44. Which sentence is incorrect?
1
Have you met Helens new boyfriend?
2
Have you met that new boyfriend of Helens?
3
Have you met the Helens new boyfriend?
4
Have you met Helens boyfriend?
45. Which of the following is the best way to combine the sentences below?
John sent in his applications by email. He waited in front of the computer for a response.
1
John sent in his applications but waited in front of the computer for a response.
2
John sent in his applications yet he waited in front of the computer for a response.
3
John sent in his applications nor he waited in front of the computer for a response.
4
John sent in his applications and he waited in front of the computer for a response.
137
COUNTABLES AND UNCOUNTABLES

Countables numarabile
- prezinta unitati individuale
Apple, girl, bike, ...
- formeaza pluralul cu terminatii
Apples, girls, bikes
Many multi multe;
Few cativa, cateva
A few putini, putine
- fac acord atat in singular cat si in plural
The apple is on the table.
The apples are on the table
Uncountables nenumarabile
- prezinta categorii, clase
Knowledge, rice, water
- nu formeaza plural, dar au cuantificatori ce
indeplinesc aceasta functie
A lot of knowledge, two bags of rice, seven bottles
of water.
Much mult
Little catva
A little - putin
- fac acord doar in singular
The water in on the table
(!) Insotite de cuantificatori fac acord in plural
Seven bottles of water are the table
Categorii:
Substantive concrete ce se cantaresc
Oil, rice, meat, bread, coffee
Substantive concrete ce denumesc clase
Money, equipment, clothing, furniture, homework,
traffic
Substantive abstracte
News, advice, information, knowledge, truth
138

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TENSE OVERVIEW

A. THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

B. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Aciuni care erau n desfurare la un moment dat din trecut.

C. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

Excepii la adugarea terminaiei ed

Pune accent pe rezultat:

Aciune care nc se desfoar:

Aciune ncheiat recent:

Aciune ncheiat ce influeneaz momentul prezent:

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Folosirea Prezentului Perfect Continuu

Pune accent pe durata nu pe rezultatul aciunii:

Aciune recent ncheiat sau care nc mai dureaz:

You had studied English before you moved to New York.

Aciuni ncepute i terminate naintea altor aciuni trecute

I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai.

Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand?

Kristine had never been to an opera before last night.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

USE 1 Duration Before Something in the Past

How long had you been waiting to get on the bus?

A: How long had you been studying

(?) Will + S + V1?

(-) S + will not + V1

Will you help him later?

(-) S + am/are/is/ + not + going to + V1

Are you going to meet Jane tonight?

WILL se folosete pentrua vorbi despre:

ceea ce vorbitorul face n mod voluntar

I will send you the information when I get it.

1.b FUTURE CONTINUOUS

(-) S + will + not + be + V-ing

1. Aciune n desfurare la un moment dat din viitor

We will be writing at this time tomorrow.

3. Aciuni paralele din viitor

Aciune viitoare terminat naintea unei alte aciuni viitoare:

By next November, I will have received my promotion.

IMPORTANT! - NU SE FOLOSETE VIITOR N PROPOZIIA SUBORDONAT TEMPORAL.

PRESENT SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS

2. Write the verb in the right form

1. Write the ING FORM of these verbs.

The dog (chase) the cat.

Father watched TV last night.

they/like/painting (question) _________________________________________

Dear Aunt Jean,

Who.........................................to ? My boyfriend (you / write)

Dentists peoples teeth.

A lawyer people with legal

At work she (wear) a suit.

~ focus on simple past ~

We _________ (go) to Spain by car.

~ focus on past tenses ~

D - Present Simple or Present Continuous OR Past Simple or Past Continuous

12.-Interpol .. (look )for the criminals.

PRESENT SIMPLE vs. PRESENT

John __________ at this moment.

At the moment my parents are on vacation, so they __________ breakfast

11. I ________ you're crazy!

PAST SIMPLE vs. PRESENT CONTINUOUS

3. Three or four ____ are sitting on chairs.

13. Not _____ like maths.