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User Guide

Control Station 3.5 for Windows

Doug Cooper

Control Station User Guide Copyright

2001 by Douglas J. Cooper All Rights
Reserved

3. Sobrede controle da
estao
Estao de Controle o software usado por praticantes de acadmicos e industriais em
todo o mundo para:
- treinamento prtico de controle de processo
- simulao sistema de controle
- anlise de circuito e ajuste
- o desempenho ea capacidade estuda
Estao de Controle um ponto-e-clicar ambiente compatvel com Windows 95, 98, Me, NT, 2000 e a
maioria das redes de computadores. . Este pacote de software poderosa visualmente atraente, fcil de
usar e popular entre os estudantes e profissionais tanto
Estao de Controle dividido em trs de casos,Estudo de processos de costume ferramentas de
design emdulos:.
mdulo de estudos de caso Ofornece experincia no mundo real em mtodos modernos e prticas de
controle de processo. estudos de casos Os disponveis para estudo incluem controle de nvel de um
tanque, controle de temperatura de um trocador de calor, controle de concentrao de um controle do
reator e pureza de uma coluna de destilao. Os controladores bsicos disponveis incluem
controladores P-Only, PI, PD e PID. Estratgias avanadas incluem cascata, alimentar para a frente, a
dissociao multivariada, modelo preditivo (Smith preditor), controle de matriz dinmica, e discreta
amostrados controle de dados.
mdulo de processo Opersonalizadoum ambiente orientado bloco que permite que voc construa um
processo e arquitetura controlador com suas prprias especificaes para uma ampla gama de anlises
de controle personalizados. Voc pode investigar as vantagens e desvantagens de diferentes
arquiteturas de controle, sensibilidades afinaes, capacidades de desempenho de loop, e uma srie de
outras questes importantes para o praticante.
mdulo de Ferramentas de projeto O usado para ajustar modelos dinmicos lineares para processar
dados e para calcular Regulao do controlador PID valores. Os modelos de ferramentas de design
tambm pode ser usado para a construo de estratgias de controle avanado que utilizam modelos
dos processos internos para a arquitetura de controlador. Como os dados podem ser importados de
processos operacionais reais, Ferramentas de projeto pode resolver seus problemas desafiadores para o
projeto do controlador, anlise e sintonia.

A Estao de Controle
Mdulos
mdulo de Estudos de Casos Ofoi desenvolvido especificamente para o
treinamento nos mtodos e prticas de controle de processo automtico
modernas . Estudos de Caso faz isso, dando-lhe experincia prtica atravs de
um conjunto de simulaes de controle interessantes e industrialmente
relevantes. Assim, voc "aprender fazendo" como voc lidar com cada
desafio do mundo real. As simulaes de animado
processos,no ecr a cores, grfico, so fceis de usar e visualmente atraente. A lista de simulaes
disponveis para explorao e estudo incluem:
2

Control Station User Guide Copyright

2002 by Douglas J. Cooper All Rights
Reserved

tanques de gravidade drenado

tanque bombeado
trmicos de troca
Jacketed reactor
agitado Furnace
Multi-tanqueprocesso de
coluna por cada
destilao,processo, voc pode manipular as variveis de processo em malha aberta para obter passo,
pulso, senoidal, rampa ou PRBS (sequncia binria pseudo-aleatria) de dados de teste. Dados do
processo podem ser registrados como terrenos de impressora ou arquivos do disco para estudos de
modelagem de processos e de regulao do controlador. mdulo de Ferramentas de projeto
Odiscutido mais tarde bem adequado para esta tarefa de modelagem e sintonia.
Os controladores disponveis para os de caso e estudos de processos de costume mdulospermitir a
explorao e estudo de conceitos cada vez mais desafiadoras de forma ordenada. Conceitos iniciais
incluem estudar comportamentos dinmicos bsicos, tais como ganho de processo, constante de tempo
e tempo morto. Conceitos intermedirios incluem os recursos de ajuste e desempenho de toda a gama
de controladores PID. Conceitos avanados incluem um nmero de algoritmos convencionais e modelo
avanados baseados
incluindo: P-Only,PI,
PD e PID PID Cascade
de avano de
controleControle Avanado com feedback PID guarnio
Multivariable dissociao Controle
Preditivo Control (Smith Predictor, DMC) Data
Control Discrete Sampled
A de processos de costume mdulo um ambiente orientado bloco que lhe
permite implementar um processo e arquitetura controlador para sua prpria
especificao. As simulaes permitem uma ampla gama de investigaes de
controle personalizados para circuito nico e processos mltiplos laos.
Modelos de funo de transferncia so introduzidas para descrever a sada
do controlador de processo medidadinmica de variveis, a perturbao
dinmica das variveis de processo medido de uma perturbao processo
selecionado, e para simulaes de mltiplos laos, para descrever o
comportamento de interao malha de controle. Os modelos de funo de
transferncia pode ser linear ou no-linear e superamortecido ou
subamortecido em forma.
Tais processos personalizados permitem uma srie de dinmicas de processos e estudos de controle.
Por exemplo, voc pode explorar o que forma o modelo que melhor descreve o comportamento de sua
planta; investigar diferentes arquiteturas de controladores, valores de ajuste e modos de controle em
"what if" cenrios; estudar como os impactos da planta-modelo de incompatibilidade fechado de
malhas em arquiteturas baseadas em modelos; isolar e explorar o impacto do rudo na varivel medida
sobre o desempenho circuito fechado; e uma srie de outras anlises de simulao e controle.
Tudo que voc precisa fazer inserir os modelos de processos apropriados para a sua aplicao. Os
modelos so introduzidos com caixas de dilogo do usurio amigvel. Ferramentas de projeto bem
adequado para os modelos de montagem para processar dados de sua planta ou laboratrio para criar
3

Control Station User Guide Copyright

2002 by Douglas J. Cooper All Rights
Reserved

uma simulao de processos de costume.

mdulo de Design Tools oferece ferramentas para projeto de controladores e
anlise. Uma ferramenta se encaixa automaticamente modelos dinmicos para
processar dados. Ferramentas de projeto pode importar os dados do Estao
de caso e estudos de processos de costume mdulo de Controle, dados de
outros pacotes de software, e talvez mais importante, dados de processos reais
no laboratrio ou planta.
Para ajustar modelos para ferramentas de design dados, requer que os dados ser colunas de texto
(ASCII) com entradas de cada coluna separados por tabulaes, vrgulas ou espaos. Cada linha em uma
coluna deve ter um nmero; no pode haver entradas em branco. Ento, com apenas alguns cliques do
mouse, voc marcar a coluna dados contm os
dedados variveis manipuladas, que contm o processo de medio de dados variveis, e que contm
os dados de data e hora. Os modelos lineares disponveis biblioteca de ferramentas de design nado
modelo incluem:
Primeira Ordem Alm disso Dead Time
Segunda Ordem Alm disso Dead Time superamortecido
Segunda Ordem Alm disso Dead Time superamortecido com chumbo Tempo
Primeira Ordem Alm disso Dead Time Integrator
Segunda Ordem Alm disso Dead Time Integrator
Segunda Ordem Alm disso Dead Time subamortecido
Ferramentas de projeto se encaixa um modelo de dados, pesquisando sistematicamente para os
parmetros do modelo que minimizam a soma dos quadrados dos erros (SSE) entre a resposta contida
nos dados medidos e a resposta prevista pelo modelo ao utilizar os dados de processo reais
manipuladas variveis contidas no arquivo. Para que voc possa obter um ajuste significativo,
essencial reconhecer estas Requisitos para
limitaes: uma bem sucedida Modelo Fit

processo deve ser oem estado estacionrio antes da coleta de dados dinmica comea,
o primeiro ponto de dados no arquivo de must igual este inicial valor de estado estacionrio.
Se essas condies no forem cumpridas, o modelo de ajuste ser incorreta e de pouco valor para o
ajuste, modelo baseado projetos controlador ou estudos de simulao.
Em instalaes de controlo modernos, os modelos dinmicos cabem por ferramentas de design
pode ser usado diretamente em avanado arquiteturas de controlador que vo desde uma simples Smith
preditor-se atravs do controle preditivo completo (MPC) algoritmos. Ferramentas de projeto tambm
pode ser usado para projetar elementos avanados para a alimentao animal. Para projetos de
alimentao em avano, a varivel de perturbao que devero ser reforados, pulsada ou de outra
forma perturbado. Estes dados de perturbao, em seguida, torna-se a varivel manipulada quando
regresso do modelo dinmico varivel de perturbao-to-medidos processo.
A segunda caracterstica de ferramentas de design a ferramenta de ajuste do controlador.
Utilizando os resultados de um bem sucedido modelo de ajuste FOPDT, valores de ajuste para P-Only,
controladores PI e PID so computados. A biblioteca de correlaes de ajuste populares incluem
controle interno modelo (IMC) e integrante do tempo- erro absoluto ponderada (TIAE).
4

Control Station User Guide Copyright

2002 by Douglas J. Cooper All Rights
Reserved

4. Quick Start - Estudos de Casos & Design

Ferramentas
Os prximos dois captulos fornecem uma visita guiada Estao de Controle e muitas das suas
caractersticas. Se voc trabalhar com estes captulos, voc ser qualificado para o bsico de software.
No tenha medo de clicar com o mouse e ver o que acontece. Essa a nica maneira que voc pode se
tornar um verdadeiro usurio de energia Estao de Controle.
Para comear, lanar Estao de Controle do Windows e da tela principal mostrada abaixo deve
aparecer. Neste captulo vamos nos concentrar na gravidade drenado estudo tanques caso. Siga as
instrues abaixo para iniciar o processo de tanques de gravidade drenado-.
Para
iniciar
a
gravidade
drenado estudo tanques caso:

- Clique em Mdulos na lista do

menu, em seguida, estudos de
caso em seguida
,Tanques
Gravidade ou

- Use boto direito do mouse,

em seguida, estudos de caso
e,
em
seguida
Tanques
Gravidade uma vez que

secoa simulao comeou, note que o ecr composto por um processo grfico, movendo-se grficos
de tiras, uma lista de menu e uma barra de ferramentas. O grfico de tira superior controla a varivel de
medio do processo, que, para os tanques de gravidade drenado o nvel de lquido no reservatrio
inferior. O grfico tira inferior controla a sada do controlador, que neste caso manipula a taxa de fluxo
de entrada que alimenta a parte superior do tanque.
Mova a seta do mouse sobre os cones na barra de ferramentas e ler as diferentes funes. H cones
para lidar com as funes de relgio de simulao, re-dimensionar os grficos de tiras, visualizao e
impresso parcelas, poupana e dados processo de edio, parar e iniciar a simulao, a navegar para
outros mdulos Estao de controle, e obter acesso ao Guru Controle Ajuda do programa.
O grfico processo tambm tem recursos que podem ser ativados com um clique do mouse. Estes
incluem itens que tm uma aparncia boto ou incluem uma caixa de entrada branco. Os tanques de
gravidade drenado grfico na prxima pgina mostra caixas de entrada de brancos para a sada do
controlador e de perturbao do fluxo bombeado, e um boto de controlador de nvel (o crculo com a
LC em que atribui ao tanque inferior).
A maioria de tudo que voc precisa fazer pode ser acessada duas ou trs
maneiras
5

Control Station User Guide Copyright

2002 by Douglas J. Cooper All Rights
Reserved

1) com um clique em um cone ou rea branca do grfico,

2) o uma lista de menus, diferentes:
3),utilizando o boto direito do mouse
experimentar todos os trs e determinar o mtodo mais
confortvel para . voc

Control Station User Guide Copyright

2002 by Douglas J. Cooper All Rights
Reserved

T Para iniciar e parar a

gravao de dados para o
arquivo:
- Click File on the menu list, and
then Save Data to File
or.....
- Click the Save Data icon on the
tool bar
Once data saving has begun:
-The Save Data icon on the tool
bar is replaced by a Stop Saving
Data icon

The first step in designing a controller is generating and collecting dynamic data. Shown above are
two ways to begin saving process data to file. The same commands used to start saving data are also
used to stop data collection after the experiment is completed. Go ahead and start saving data to a file
called demo.dat. Use the default Storage Rate and Zero Clock options when prompted.
To change a variable such as
controller output:
- Click on Tasks on the menu
list, and then Change Controller
Output
or.....
- Click or double click the white
input box on the process
graphic
or.....
- Use the right mouse button,
and choose Change Controller
Output

Once data collection has begun (note the file name in the lower right of the screen above), change the
controller output to force process dynamics. Use any of the three methods mentioned above to change
the controller output value from 70% up to 75%, then down to 65%, and finally back to 70%.
Click the Stop Saving Data icon when the experiment is complete.

Control Station User Guide Copyright

2002 by Douglas J. Cooper All Rights
Reserved

To fit a model to data and to

tune a controller, you must
Navigate to Design Tools:
- Click File on the menu list, and
then Navigate, and then Design
Tools
or.....
- Click the Navigate icon on the
tool bar, and choose Design
Tools
To pause the simulation before
navigating to Design Tools:
- Click the Pause icon on the
tool bar

With dynamic process data stored in file demo.dat, the next steps in controller design are to fit a
FOPDT (first order plus dead time) model to the data and then use the model parameters in a
correlation to compute initial controller tuning values.
As shown above, navigate to Design Tools to perform this modeling and tuning task. To help the
model fitting proceed quickly, you may want to first Pause the simulation (click the Pause icon on the
tool bar, or click Run and choose Pause from the menu list).
When you gain more experience, you may choose to perform several process experiments and collect
the results in different files before navigating to Design Tools.
To read a file of process data
into Design Tools:
- Click File on the menu list, and
choose Open Data File
or.....
- Click the Open Data File icon
on the tool bar

The Design Tools main screen, shown above, can be launched from a Case Study or Custom Process
simulation using Navigate. By navigating to Design Tools directly from Case Studies or Custom
Process, the state of the process simulation remains unchanged during the modeling and tuning task.
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Control Station User Guide Copyright

2002 by Douglas J. Cooper All Rights
Reserved

Before fitting a model, the Time,

Manipulated Variable and
Process Variable data columns
must be labeled
To do this click on one of the
labels, drag it to the proper
column and release the mouse
key
The data in the file can also be
viewed and edited from this
screen using the Edit Data
button

After opening a file, the data is

presented for labeling as shown above. Three columns of data must be labeled for a proper fit. Click
on a column label and drag and drop it at the top of the proper column. (Note: the manipulated
variable is typically the controller output data, but may, for example, be the disturbance variable data
if a feed forward element is being constructed).
Design Tools can also be run in a stand-alone mode from Control Stations main screen. The standalone mode of Design Tools is useful when modeling data generated by a process in the lab or plant,
or even by another computer program. The data columns can be processed in any order they need
not be presented in the order as shown below.
If you are creating a data file outside of Control Station, the file must be in text (ASCII) format and
include at least three columns of data. Entries for each column should be separated by tabs, commas
or spaces. Every line in a column must have a number; there can be no blank entries.
To obtain a meaningful fit, it is essential to recognize that:
the process must be at steady state before data collection begins,
the first data point in the file must equal this initial steady state value.
If these conditions are not met, the model fit will not describe the dynamics of the process and thus of
little value for tuning, model based controller designs or simulation studies.
For simple PID controller designs from Control Stations Case Studies and Custom Process data files,
the columns are already properly labeled as shown above. Thus, simply click the OK button to
proceed to the model fit options.
For advanced Case Studies designs, including cascade, feed forward or multivariable architectures,
care must be taken to properly label the columns of data. If the data file being processed was created
by Control Station, you can verify the proper data column labels by editing the data file using the Edit
Data button and reading the information contained at the top of the file.

Control Station User Guide Copyright

2002 by Douglas J. Cooper All Rights
Reserved

To choose a dynamic model

from the library:
- Click Tasks on the menu list,
and then Select Model, and
choose a model from the model
library
or.....
- Click the Select Model icon on
the tool bar, and choose a
model from the model library

With the data columns properly labeled, choose the FOPDT model from the library of linear dynamic
models. For convenience, the Laplace and time domain forms of each model are displayed at the
bottom of the screen.
To start model fitting:
- Click Tasks on the menu list,
and choose Start Fitting
or.....
- Click the Start Fitting icon on
the tool bar

Begin fitting the chosen model by clicking the Start Fitting icon on the tool bar. A counter will display
the sum of squared errors (SSE), which should decrease if the fit is proceeding properly. If it is not,
you may stop the routine by clicking the Stop Fitting icon (which replaces the Start Fitting icon during
the fitting operation).

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Control Station User Guide Copyright

2002 by Douglas J. Cooper All Rights
Reserved

If the model fit is successful, a

plot will be displayed
Your judgment is required to
determine the goodness of this fit
For a good fit, the model (in
yellow) should overlay the
process data (in white)
A poor fit is of little value for
modeling and tuning tasks

If a model converges, a plot will display showing the model fit (in yellow) overlaying the process data
(in white).

Note: The model fit should reasonably approximate the actual process data (the yellow model fit
line should substantially overlay the data). Sometimes a fit may look good but the model
parameters make no sense, such as if the computed time constant is longer than the total time span
used in the experiment for data collection.
If the fit is not reasonable, the model and tuning values are of little value for process control.

Your judgment is required to assess and approve a model fit.

There are many options available on this screen to make the plot of more value to you. You may:
- print the plot with the Print icon on the tool bar, or Copy and Export the plot to a clipboard for
pasting into Word, Power Point or other program with a graphical cut and paste capability,
- enter different values for the model parameters in the white boxes at the top of the plot screen, press
enter, and see how the model fit changes,
- change plot labels, titles, grid displays, max/minimum axis values, tick mark frequency, and more by
clicking the Plot Options icon on the tool bar, or clicking Customize and then Plot Options on the
menu list,
- zoom for close up views of portions of the plot by holding down the left mouse key and drawing a
box around the data of interest (the mouse arrow must be within the plot borders),
- use the X-Y pointer display in the upper corner of the plot to easily read the plot values pointed to
by the mouse arrow (the mouse arrow must be within the plot borders).
After customizing the plot to your needs and exporting it if desired, return to the Design Tools main
screen by closing the window, or by clicking File and then Exit.

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Control Station User Guide Copyright

2002 by Douglas J. Cooper All Rights
Reserved

To obtain controller tuning

values:
- Click the tabs on the Controller
Tuning chart to view P-Only, PI
or PID controller tuning values

To exit Design Tools and return

to the gravity drained tanks:
- Close the window
or.....
- Click File on the menu list, and
choose Exit

As shown above, the Design Tools main screen now displays values for the model parameters in a
chart to the left and controller tuning values in a chart to the right. Both standard and conservative
tuning values are available for P-Only, PI, PID and PID w/ Filter controllers. From your chart, write
down the standard PI tuning values KC and I displayed touse when implementing your controller.
Note: The units for model time constants and dead time, and controller reset time and derivative
time are in the units of the time stamp used when saving data to file. For Case Studies, this time
unit is minutes. If you save data from the plant or lab, you must be aware of the time units you used
as well as that required by your controller.
When you have recorded the PI tuning parameters, exit Design Tools be clicking on File on the menu
list and then choosing Exit, or by closing the window.
To open the controller menu:
- Click Tasks on the menu list, and
then Change Controller/Tuning
or.....
- Click the controller icon on the
process graphic
or.....
- Use a right mouse click, and
then Change Controller/Tuning

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Control Station User Guide Copyright

2002 by Douglas J. Cooper All Rights
Reserved

Choose one of the above methods to open the Controller Design Menu. You will notice a question
mark button as shown below. Click on these buttons, located throughout Control Station, to access
Control Guru Help and learn about theory and technology issues associated with a selection.
To access Control Guru and learn
more about theory and technology
issues for a selection:
- Click a question mark ? anywhere
it is displayed

To implement a controller, click Manual Mode at the top of the design menu and choose PID from the
list. Halfway down the menu, enter the PI controller tuning KC and I you just computed in Design
Tools (or enter the numbers shown in this example). Click Done at the bottom of the controller menu
to put your controller in automatic.
To change set point:
- Click Tasks on the menu list, and
then Change Set Point
or.....
- Click the white Set Point box on
the process graphic
To view or print a fixed plot:
- Click File on the menu list, and
choose View and Print Plot
or.....
- Click the Plot icon on the tool bar

Test your controller in tracking changes in set point. On the process graphic as shown above, click
once on the white Set Point box, enter 5.0, and press enter. This should cause a response similar to
that shown in the figure. Explore controller performance in rejecting disturbances by entering a new
pumped flow rate in the white Disturbance box on the graphic and pressing enter.
Click View and Print plot to obtain a fixed plot of your graph. There you can modify the plot display
and print a copy as described at the bottom of Page 11.
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Control Station User Guide Copyright

2002 by Douglas J. Cooper All Rights
Reserved

5. Quick Start Custom Process

Custom Process operates like Case Studies in every way except that you define the dynamic behavior
of the simulation by entering a model. The models are entered as parameters of a transfer function
using convenient menus. To review popular model forms, click through the model library in Design
Tools. There, models are displayed as transfer functions in the Laplace domain and as (possibly more
familiar) ordinary differential equations in the time domain.
To start Custom Process from Control Stations main menu:
- click Modules on the menu list and then choose Custom Process, or
- click the Custom Process icon, or
- click the right mouse button and then choose Custom Process.
You are then presented with a choice of running the Single Loop Process or Multi-Loop Process.
Single Loop Process
If you choose Single Loop Process, Custom Process launches as shown below. The left half of the
screen shows the familiar menu list, tool bar and moving strip charts. The upper strip chart tracks the
measured process variable while the lower strip chart tracks the controller output signal.
The right half of the screen shows the dynamic models used in the simulation expressed in the
Laplace domain. Next to the models is a controller deviation bar display showing the current values of
the controller output (CO), measured process variable (PV) and set point (SP). Below them is a
process block diagram graphic.
To import a model previously
constructed and saved to disk:
- Click File on the menu list, and
then Import Model Parameters from
File
or.....
- Click the Import button below the
process block diagram graphic

For a custom study, you must specify the controller output to measured process variable dynamic
behavior with a process model. You may choose to specify one disturbance to measured variable
dynamic behavior with a disturbance model (this model need be defined only if you are performing
disturbance dynamics investigations or disturbance rejection control studies).
You can import a model previously constructed and saved to disk. As shown above, either click File
on the menu list and choose Import Model Parameters from File, or click the Import icon below the
process block diagram graphic. You may save a model to disk after creating or modifying it. Either
click File on the menu list and then click Export Model Parameters to File, or click the Export icon
below the process block diagram graphic.

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Control Station User Guide Copyright

2002 by Douglas J. Cooper All Rights
Reserved

To construct a process model:

- Click Tasks on the menu list, and
then Construct Process Model
or.....
- Click the Process icon on the
process block diagram graphic

As shown above, to construct a custom simulation, click Tasks on the menu list and then click
Construct Process Model, or click the Process icon on the process block diagram graphic. This opens
the Construct Process and Disturbance Model menu shown below.
For both process and disturbance, the model forms available include:
- Overdamped Linear Model
- Overdamped Nonlinear Schedule Model
- Underdamped Linear Model
- Underdamped Nonlinear Schedule Model
Use the tabs to select the Process Model or Disturbance Model. For the Overdamped Linear Model,
enter your parameters using the input boxes as shown.
Click the appropriate tab to select
the Process Model or Disturbance
Model input form
Enter the model parameters in the
input boxes provided
Click the Preview New Process
Model icon to view your model

Tabs permit you to see your model both in the time domain and Laplace domain. You may also
change the accuracy of the numerical solution method. The more accurate methods are slower as they

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Control Station User Guide Copyright

2002 by Douglas J. Cooper All Rights
Reserved

use more computing resources. High accuracy is valuable when solving text book problems but of
uncertain value whne solving problems in the highly uncertain real world.
The input form for the nonlinear schedule model is shown below. The nonlinear schedule requires
that you enter three linear models at each of three operating levels, or process variable basis values.
Click the model list to change
model form
The nonlinear model schedule
requires entry of three linear
models, each for a different
operating level or process
variable basis value

The nonlinear simulation method exploits the fact that:

- a linear model can accurately describe the behavior of a nonlinear process for a narrow range of
operation, and
- nonlinear behavior can be simulated by averaging the dynamics of multiple linear models.
During simulation, Control Station identifies the two linear models whose basis values bracket the
current value of the measured process variable. The dynamic behavior of these two linear models are
then interpolated to simulate the nonlinear behavior of the process.
As would be expected, the closer the measured process variable is to a particular basis value, the more
weight that linear model is given in the interpolation. If the current measured process variable is
outside the bounds of the basis values, the dynamics of the two closest models are extrapolated.
After entering your model parameters, click Done to start the simulation. The measured process
variable, controller output and disturbance variable will all start up at 50 and will be limited in range
to between 0 and 100 throughout the simulation. These are the default zero and span values.
If you are interested in zeros and spans for a specific process, then these default values are
inappropriate. The Zeros and Spans tab permits custom values to be entered.
The form on the next page shows the maximum, minimum and start up values for a process where the
initial or startup value of the measured process variable is 16.4, the initial or startup value of the
controller output signal is 70, the startup value of the disturbance variable is 47, and all variables can
assume a minimum value of 0 and a maximum value of 100.
After entering appropriate values, click Done at the bottom of the form to start the simulation.

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Control Station User Guide Copyright

2002 by Douglas J. Cooper All Rights
Reserved

Click the Zeros and Spans tab to

enter custom min, max and initial
startup values
Click Done at the bottom of the
form to start the simulation

Once the simulation has begun, all features discussed for Case Studies, including Design Tools, the
controller library, and the graphing and printing utilities, are available as needed.
For example, to implement a controller, click Tasks on the menu list and then choose Change
Controller/Tuning, or click on the controller icon on the graphic, or use a right mouse click and then
choose Change Controller/Tuning. As shown below, the controller design menu is identical to that
used in the Case Studies processes.
To implement a controller:
- Click on Tasks on the menu
list and choose Change
Controller/Tuning
or.....
- Click on the controller icon on
the graphic
or.....
- Use a right mouse click and
choose Change Controller/Tuning

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Control Station User Guide Copyright

2002 by Douglas J. Cooper All Rights
Reserved

Multi-Loop Process
If you choose Multi-Loop Process, Custom Process launches as shown below. The left half of the
screen lists the six models that define a multi-loop simulation. Next to the model list are deviation bar
displays for the two control loops. The right side of the screen shows a block diagram graphic of the
multivariable custom process and the pathways that information travels among the models.
A complete multi-loop simulation is comprised of six models
- models for process 1 (CO1 to PV1) and process 2 (CO2 to PV2)
- two interaction models (CO1 to PV2) and (CO2 to PV1)
- two disturbance models (D1 to PV1) and (D2 to PV2)
While it is only necessary to define the disturbance models if they are being used in the study, the
process and interaction models must be entered to create a meaningful multivariable investigation.
To import a model previously
saved to disk:
- Click File on the menu list, and
choose Import Model Parameters
from File
or.....
- Click the Import button below the
deviation bars
To toggle between the two multiloop display screens:
- Click Task on the menu list,
choose Toggle
or.....
- Click the Toggle icon on the tool
bar

Like the single loop custom process, you may import a previously saved multi-loop process
simulation by clicking File on the menu list and choosing Import Model Parameters from File, or
clicking the Import button located beneath the deviation bar displays. Saving a simulation you have
created is achieved with the analogous Export selection.
The multi-loop custom process actually has two displays. The edge of the second screen can just be
seen in the figure above. To toggle to the other screen, click Task on the menu list and then click
Toggle, click the Toggle icon on the tool bar, or click the edge of the screen currently in back.
The back display is shown on the next page. The left half of the screen shows a menu list, a tool bar
and four moving strip charts. The upper two strip chart track CO1 and PV1 and the lower strip charts
track CO2 and PV2. The right side of the screen shows the same block diagram graphic of the
multivariable custom process.

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Control Station User Guide Copyright

2002 by Douglas J. Cooper All Rights
Reserved

To construct a model:
- Click Tasks on the menu list,
choose the model block of
interest, and then Construct
Model
or.....
- Click the appropriate model
block icon on the block diagram
graphic

Construction of a multi-loop simulation follows the procedure detailed for the single loop custom
process. To input a model for a particular block, click Tasks on the menu list, choose the model block
of interest and choose Construct Model, or click the appropriate model block icon on the block
diagram graphic as shown above. This opens the Construct Process and Disturbance Model menu
shown below.
Click the appropriate tab to
call up a model input form
Click the Model List below the
Process tab to select the
desired model form
Enter the model parameters in
the input boxes provided
Use the Zeros and Spans tab
to enter those values.
Click Done to start the
simulation

Choose the desired model form and enter the model values into the input boxes. Specify the zeros and
spans using that tab. Click Done to start the simulation.
Once the simulation has begun, all features previously discussed, including Design Tools, the
controller library, and the graphing and printing utilities, are available as needed.

19

Control Station User Guide Copyright

2002 by Douglas J. Cooper All Rights
Reserved