GBN1

GBN simplex Ideal

Sequence No.-2bit
WINDOW=4 [0-3]

Ideal

Simplex
Station A

Transmission
time( same is
propagation time
in this case)

Frame Sq No
Space in window

0
3

Window
Not acked Frames

0 O1
F0

1
2

F1

3
2

12

23

F2
A1

A1

2
2

F3
A2

A2

4
2
30 O1
F0

A3

A3

5
2

F1
A0

A0

7
2

12

23

F2
A1

A1

6
2

F3
A2

A2

8
2
30 O1
F0

A3

A3

9
2

F1
A0

A0

11
2

12
2

12

23

30 O1

F2
A1

A1

10
2

F3
A2

A2

F0
A3

A3

13
2

F1
A0

A0

15
2

12

23

30

A3

A0

F2
A1

A1

14
2

F3
A2

A2

A3

A0

Station B
Arrived frame
Frame Sq No
Action

F0
F1
F2
F3
F0
F1
F2
F3
F0
F1
F2
F3
F0
F1
F2
F3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
15
16
Acpt Acpt Acpt Acpt Acpt Acpt Acpt Acpt Acpt Acpt Acpt Acpt Acpt Acpt Acpt Acpt

Legends station A sends Frame starting time marked by dark black

Station B receives frame completely from station A by time dark black mark
Station B sends Ack starting time marked by red mark
Station A receives ack completely from station B by time marked by green mark

Page 1

GBN1
GBN simplex ACK LOSS
Loss of ACK
WINDOW=4 [0-3]

No space in
window

F2 time out,
retransmitt all

Timeout 6 transmission time

(i)wrt Fr sq No 1 A2 Ack lost, but next Ack3 arrives (ii) wrt fr Sq No6, A3,A0,A1,A2 Acks lost

Station A
Frame Sq No(at app)

0
3

Space in window
Window

1
2

0 o1

Frames Not acked

F0

F1

2
2

3
1

12

123

F2

F3

A1

4
2

5
2

30 O1
F0

A3

F1
A0

6
2

7
2

12

23

F2
A1

F3

230 23o1
F0

A1

23o1

6
0

0
23o1

F1

A2

A3

A0

A0

A1

7
0

23o1

23o1

F2

F3

8
2

A1

A1

Arrive frame

F0
F1
F2
F3
F0
F1
F2
F3
F0
F1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Acpt Acpt Acpt Acpt Acpt Acpt Acpt Acpt Acpt Acpt Acpt

10
2

301 o1
F0

12

F1
A0

A2

A3

A0

F2
A1

A2

expecting F2 but of
next set

Legends station A sends Frame starting time marked by dark black

Station B receives frame completely from station A by time dark black mark
Station B sends Ack starting time marked by red mark
Station A receives ack completely from station B by time marked by green mark
Retransmitted Frames shown in Blue
SOLUTION of above confusion WINDOW SIZE SHOULD BE EQUAL / LESS THAN 2m-1, WHRE M IS SEQUENCE NUMBER

A1

A2

F2
F3
F0
F1
6
7
8
9
Acpt Acpt Acpt Acpt
CONFUSION

Page 2

9
2

A2

Station B

Frame Sq No
Action

A0

A3

A3

A3

9
0

A2

A2

A2

8
1

F2
10

GBN1
GBN simplex ACK LOSS (GBN with correct window size)

Loss of ACK
WiNDOW=3 [0-2]

Timeout 6 transmission time

(i)wrt Fr sq No 1 A2 Ack lost, but next Ack0 arrives (ii) wrt fr Sq No6, A1,A2,A0 Acks lost

Station A
Frame Sq No

0
2

Space in window
Window

1
1

0 O1

Not acked

F0

F1

2
1

3
0

12

123

F2

F3

A1

4
1

5
1

30 O1
F0

A3

F1
A0

A1

Frame Sq No
Action

A2

6
1

7
1

8
0

12

23

230

F2
A1

F3

A0

A1

230 23O

F0

6
0

7
0

9
2

10
1

11

0
230

230

230

12

23

F2

F3

A2

F1
A1

A3

A3

A2

A2

Station B
Arrive frame

Flush window and send

F1 of next set (A1
outside window)

F2 time out,
retransmitt all

NO space in
window

A3

A0

A0

F3
A2

A3

A1

A1

A1

F0
F1
F2
F3
F0
F1
F2
F3
F0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Acpt Acpt Acpt Acpt Acpt Acpt Acpt Acpt Acpt
Drop F2 expecting F1 as
F2,F3,F0 already arrived

Page 3

F2
A1

A1

A3

A3

F2
F3
F1
F2
6
7
9
10
Drp
Drp
Acpt Acpt

GBN1
GBN simplex FRAME LOSS

No action on A2
as F2 already
sent

NO space in
window
Loss of FRAME
WiNDOW=3 [0-2]

0
2

Window
Frames Not acked

0 O1
F0

1
1

F1

2
1

3
1

4
0

2
1

3
0

12

23

230

230

230

230

230

F2
A1

F3

A1

F0

F2

A2
F2

Action

F1 time out,
retransmitt all

Timeout 5 transmission time

(i)wrt Fr sq No 1 F2,F3 lost, (ii) wrt to sq No. 5 f1,f2 and F3 lost

Frame Sq No
Space in window

Arrive frame
Frame Sq No

F2 time out,
retransmitt all

A2

F0
F1
0
1
Acpt Acpt

F3

A2

4
1

5
1

30 O1
F0

A3

F1
A0

F0
Drp

A0

A1

F2
F3
F0
2
3
4
Acpt Acpt Acpt

DropF0 as
expecting F2

Page 4

5
0

6
0

7
1

8
1

12

123

123

123

123

123

23

30

F2

F1

A3

7
0

F3

F1

F2

A1

F3

A2

6
1

F3
A2

F2

F0
A3

F3

A2

A3

A1

F1
F2
F3
5
6
7
Acpt Acpt Acpt

GBN1
GBN simplex DELAYED ACK/ FRAME EARLY TIMEOUT
F2 time out,
retransmitt all

F0 time out,
retransmitt all

F2 time out,
retransmitt all

Flush window and send

F1 of next set (A1
outside window)

A1 delayed by 3
transmission time
Delayed ACK and early TIMEOUT
(i)
Loss of FRAME
WiNDOW=3 [0-2]

wrt Fr sq No 2 F2,F3 lost (a) Early Timeout 2 transmission time ; and (b) delayed ACK 3 transmission time after sq no 4)
(ii)wrt Fr sq No 7 A3,A0,F3 lost delayed Ack A1 by 3 transmission and timeout for F2(of sq no 6) is 5 transmission time

Frame Sq No
Space in window

0
2

Window
Not acked

0 O1
F0

1
1

F1

2
1

3
1

2
1

3
1

12

23

23

23

F2
A1

F3

F2

A1
Arrive frame
Frame Sq No
Action

F0
0

F2

F3

A2

4
1

4
1

5
1

30 o1

o1

o1

F1

F0

F1

F0
A3

5
1

A0

A1

A2

6
0

9
2

10
1

11
1

12

23

230

230

230

230

12

23

F3

F0

F2

F1
A1

A3

F2
A1

F3
A2

A3

A0
Last Ack (next
expected Sq no.)

A2

A3

F1
1
Acpt Acpt

F2
F3
F0
F1
F0
F1
F2
F3
F0
2
3
4
5
4
5
6
7
8
Acpt Acpt Acpt Drp
Drp
Acpt Acpt Acpt Acpt

Page 5

A2

8
0

A2

Last Ack (next

expected Sq no.)

A0

7
1

F2
A1

F3

6
1

A2

A3

A0

A1

A1

A2

A3

F2
F1
F2
6
9
10
Drp
Acpt Acpt

GBN2
Sequence No.-2bit

GBN Half Duplex Ideal

(two frames at a time,Send ACK as soon as frame is received)

WINDOW=3 [0-2]
Half Duplex

Ideal

Frame Sq No
Space in window

0
2

1
2

Window
Not acked Frames

0 O1

2
1
Acpt

F0

F1 A0
A1

A1
Arrived frame
Frame Sq No
Action
Not acked Frames
Space in window
Frame Sq No

F0

2
2

3
1

23

Acpt
1
F1

F0

A1
F2
F1 A2

F3 A2
A3

F1 A2

A3

3 O

1
2

5
1

1
Acpt

2
F2

3
F3

F2

A3
F0
F3 A0

F1 A0
A1

F3 A0

A1

F2

1
2

O1

Acpt

F2
F3
2
3
Acpt
Acpt
0 O1
2
1
0
1

4
2

3
Acpt

0
F0

F0
F1
0
1
Acpt
Acpt

6
2

7
1

23

F2

A3
F3 A0

Acpt

0
F0

1
F1

F0

A1
F2
F1 A2

F3 A2
A3

F1 A2

A3

F0

F0
F1
4
5
Acpt
Acpt
2
2
2

23
1
3

2
2

Legends station A sends Frame starting time marked by dark black

Station B receives frame completely from station A by time dark black mark
Station B sends Ack starting time marked by red mark
Station A receives ack completely from station B by time marked by green mark

Page 6

2 O
2

F2

F3 A0

F2
F3
6
7
Acpt
Acpt
O1
2
4

1
5

1
2

1
2

2
2
6

23
1
7

GBN2

Sequence No.-2bit

GBN Half Duplex Ideal

(two frames at a time,Send ACK only with next frame . OR Each Frame carry the ACK for expected frame from other side)

WINDOW=3 [0-2]
Frame Sq No
Space in window

0
2

Window
Not acked Frames

0 O1

1
1

1
O1
Acpt

2
2

3
1

23

Frame Sq No
Action

F0
F1
0
1
Acpt
Acpt

Not acked Frames

Space in window
Frame Sq No

4
2

5
1

6
2

7
1

23
O
O1
O1
2
23
Acpt
Acpt
Acpt
Acpt
1
2
3
0
1
F1
F2
F3
F0
F1
F2 A2 F3 A2
F0 A0 F1 A0
F2 A2 F3 A2

F0 A2 F1 A2
Arrived frame

23

Acpt

0
F0
F0 A0 F1 A0

F2 A0 F3 A0
F2
F3
2
3
Acpt
Acpt

0 O1
O1
2
1
2
0
1

F0 A2 F1 A2
F0
F1
4
5
Acpt
Acpt

2
2
2

23
1
3

23
1

Page 7

O
3

F2 A0 F3 A0
F2
F3
6
7
Acpt
Acpt

O1
2
4

O1
1
5

2
2
6

23
1
7

GBN3
Sequence No.-2bit
WINDOW=3 [0-2]
Half Duplex

GBN Full Duplex Ideal

(Both sides send frames and expected frame sq No. accompanying in ACK)
(i) frame arrives and processed within one transmission time
(ii) frame arrives in two transmission time but effects in next (refer frames after sq No. 7)
Transmission time( same is
Ideal
propagation time in this case)
0
2

Frame Sq No
Space in window
Window
Not acked Frames
Action on received
Frame Sq No
Arrived frame

1
2

0
Acpt

2
2

1
Acpt

3
2

2
Acpt

4
2

3
Acpt

5
2

0
Acpt

6
2

1
Acpt

7
2

2
Acpt

8
2
O

O1
Acpt

Acpt

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
F0
F1
F2
F3
F0
F1
F2
F3
F0 A0 F1 A1 F2 A2 F3 A3 F0 A0 F1 A1 F2 A2 F3 A3
A1
F0 F1 A2
A3
F2 F3 A0

9
1

10
0

Window full
1

11
0

O12
Acpt

8
F0
F0 A0 F1 A0
A1

12
123
Acpt
9
10
F1
F2
F2 A1
F3 A3
F0 F1 A2

A1 received
2

12
1

13
2

30

21

11
F3

12
F0
F0 A0 F1 A0
A3
F2 F3 A0

F0 in second
transmission time put
its arrival in terms of A1
in next slot

F0 A0 F1 A1 F2 A2 F3 A3 F0 A0 F1 A1 F2 A2 F3 A3
Arrived frame
Frame Sq No
Action on received

F0
F1
F2
F3
F0
F1
F2
F3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Acpt
Acpt
Acpt
Acpt
Acpt
Acpt
Acpt
Acpt

Not acked Frames

Space in window
Frame Sq No

2
0

1
2
1

2
2
2

3
2
3

0
2
4

1
2
5

2
2
6

3
2
7

Legends station A sends Frame starting time marked by dark black

Station B receives frame completely from station A by time dark black mark
Station B sends Ack starting time marked by red mark
Station A receives ack completely from station B by time marked by green mark

Page 8

F0 A0 F1 A0 F2 A1

F3 A3

F0
F1
F2
8
9
10
Acpt
Acpt
Acpt
Acpt
O
2
8

1
2
9

12
1
10

12
1

123
0
11

F0 A0 F1 A0 F3 A3
F3
11
Acpt
3
2

F0
12
Acpt
30
1
12

301
0
13