Isotopes

1. Alpha particles heaviest and slowest of all

radioactive emissions
2. Beta particles negatively charged species
(negatrons)
3. Gamma radiation photon of electromagnetic
radiation
Biological Effects of Radiation
- Ability of radiation to penetrate tissue, the
energy of the radiation, the particular tissue and
the surface area exposed and the dose rate of the
radiation
Internal Administration of Radioisotopes
- Radiopharmaceutical are preparation
containing isotopes which are used internally for
therapeutic and diagnostic purposes
- Isotopes are radiopharmaceuticals are:
(1) Those emitting beta and gamma radiation since
they can penetrate body tissue
(2) Isotopes which can be concentrated in specific
manner in certain organ or cells
(3) Isotopes which should be eliminated from the
body easily and aside from the associated
radioactivity, they and the decay products should
be of low toxicity
Radiopharmaceutical Preparations:
1. Sodium Chromate Cr 51 Injection
- Chromitope Sodium Rachromate -51
- Uses: diagnostic determination of red blood cell
mass, volume & survival time, and scanning of
the spleen
2. Gold Au 198 Injection
- Aurcoloid -198, Aureotope, Auroscan
- Uses: diagnosis preparation for scintillation
scanning of the liver
3. Sodium Iodine I 123 Solution (Iodotope I 125) and
Sodium Iodine I 131 Capsules & Solution
(Iodotope I-131)
- Diagnostic aid in the study of the function of the
thyroid gland, for scanning of thyroid gland

Size position and possible tumor

location
- For I-131: to determine the blood and plasma
volumes and determination of cardiac output
4. Sodium Rose Bengal I-131 Injection
- Robengatope I-131
- Use: radioactive tracer in the determination of
the liver function
o

5. Sodium Iodohippurate I-131 Injection

- Hippuran -131
- Use: diagnostic agent to determine kidney
function
6. Chlormerodin Hg 197 Injection and Hg 203
Injection
- Use: Scintillation scanning of the kidneys and
brain
7. Sodium Phosphate P 32 Solution
- Phosphotope
- Use: treatment of polycythemia vera (increase in
RBC), localization of intraocular tumors
8. Technetium Tc 99m Injection
- Sodium Pertechnetate
- Use: brain scanning to determine the presence
and location of neoplastic lesions
9. Cyanocobalamin Co-57 and Co-67 Capsules and
Solutions
- Use: diagnostic agent for pernicious anemia
Radiopaque Contrast Media
- Are chemical compounds containing elements of
high atomic number which will stop the passage
of x-rays
1. Barium Sulfate [BaSO4]
- Barium Meal, Sulfato de Bario, Esophotrast
- Title should be written in full to avoid confusion
with the poisonous barium sulfide and barium
sulfite
- Mainly and widely used in medicine as an
opaque contrast medium in the roentgenographic
examination of the intestinal tract and the
stomach so that they maybe photographed