th

CBSE Class 12 Mathematics

Chapter-13
Probability
Important Questions
Q.1 A card is draw at random from deck of 52 cards. Find the probability its being a spade
or king.
Sol.

() = 52
=
=
) =
, () = 13 (), () = 4()
( ) = 1
() 13 1
( ) =
=
=
() 52 4
4
1
()
=
=
( ) =
() 52 13
( )
1
( ) =
=
( )
52

( )
( ) = () + ( ) ( )
1 1
1
4
= +

=
4 13 52 13

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CBSE Class 12 Mathematics

Q.2 P speaks truth in 60% of the cases and Q in 70 % of the cases. In what percentage of
case are they likely to contradict each other in stating the same fact?
Sol.
=
= .
= , . .
= , . .
60
3
, () =
=
100 5
3 2
() = 1 () = 1 =
5 5
70
7
() =
=
100 10
3
7
=
() = 1 () = 1
10 10
,
()
. .
()
. .
,
= ( ) + ( )
= ()() + ()()
3 3 2 7
23
=
+
=
5 10 5 10 50

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CBSE Class 12 Mathematics

Q.3 There are three bags A, B and C. Bag A contains 4 white balls and 5 blue balls. Bag B
contains 4 white balls and 3 blue balls. Bag C contains 2 white balls and 4 blue balls. One
ball is drawn form each of these bags. What is the probability that ine of these three balls
drawn, two are white balls and one is a blue ball?
Sol.
,
=
=
=
4
4
2 1
, () = , () = () = =
9
7
3 3
( ) =
4 5
= 1 ( ) = 1 =
9 9
() =
4 3
= 1 ( ) = 1 =
7 7
1 2
() = 1 =
3 3
, :
() , , . . .
,
= () + () + ()
() , . ,
( ) , . .
,

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CBSE Class 12 Mathematics

= () + () + ()
= ( ) + ( ) + ( )
= ()()() + () () () + ( )()()
4 4 2 4 3 1 5 4 1
64
= + + =
9 5 3 9 7 3 9 7 3
189

Q.4 Five disc are thrown simultaneously. If the occurrence of an even number in a single
disc is considered a success. Find the probability of almost 3 successes.
Sol.
= 5 .
=
3 1
, = =
6 2
,
1
1
, = 5, = , =
2
2
r
5r
1
1
( = ) = 5Cr
2
2

, = 0,1,2, . .5
1
= Cr
2

= ( 3) = 1 ( 3)
= 1 {( = 4) + ( = 5)}
5
5

5 1 5 1

5
1 Cr C4 C5
2
2

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CBSE Class 12 Mathematics

5
1
26 13
1 + =
=
32 32
32 16

Q.5 Find the probability distribution of the number of head when three coins are tossed.
Sol.
1
= =
2
1 1
= = 1 =
2 2
, .
1
1
, = 3, = , =
2
2
r

1 1
p X r Cr
2 2
Where, r 0,1, 2,3

3 r

1
Cr
2

()

0
1
C0
2

1
3

1
C1
2

2
3

1
C2
2

3
3

1
C3
2

()

0
1
8

1
3
8

2
3
8

3
1
8

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CBSE Class 12 Mathematics

Q.6 Find the binominal distribution for which the mean is 4 and variance is 3.
Sol.
,
= 4 = 3
. . , = 3
3
=
4
3
3 1
= = 1 =
4
4 4
1
= = 4
4
1
= 4 = 4 4 = 16
4
= 16
,
r

16 r

1 3
p X r Cr
4 4
Where, r 0,1, 2,.......16
16

(Using p)

Cr p r q

nr

Q.7 The sum and the product of the mean and variance of a binomial distribution are 24
and 128 respectively. Find the distribution.
Sol.

= = 1

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CBSE Class 12 Mathematics

+ = 24
+ = 24
24
(1 + ) = 24 =
1+

. . . (1)

= 128
= 128
2 2 = 128
128
=

(2)

(1) (2),
2

128
156
128
24

=
2
(1 + )

1+
576 = 128( + )2
9 = 2( 1 + 2 + 2 )
9 = 2 + 4 + 2 + 2 ) 22 + 4 + 2 9 = 0
22 5 + 2 = 0
1
= = 2
2

(2 1)( 2) =
{ 2}

1
=
2
1 1
:. = 1 =
2 2
, : + = 24

+ = 24 = 32
2 2

1
= =
2

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CBSE Class 12 Mathematics

32 r

1 1
p X r C2
2 2
Where, r 0,1, 2,.......32

32

Q.8 If two dice are rolled 12 times, obtain the mean and the variance of the distribution of
successes, if getting a total greater than 4 is considered a success.
Sol.

= 4 .
6
5
1 ( 4) = 1
=
36 6
5 1
=1 =
6 6
5
= = 12 = 10
6
5 1 5
= 12 =
6 6 3

Q.9 A company has two plant to manufacture scooters. Plant I manufacture 70% of the
scooters and plant II manufactures 30%. At Plant I, 80% of the scooters are rated as of the
standard quality and at plant II 90% of the scooters are rated as of standard quality. A
scooter is choosen at random and is found to be of be of standard quality. What is the
probability that it has come from plant II.
Sol.
1 , 2 :
1 =
2 =
= .
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CBSE Class 12 Mathematics

70
, (1 ) =
100
30
80
, (/1 ) =
(2 ) =
100
100
90
(/2 ) =
100
, 1, . , (2 /) =?
,
(2 )(/2 )
(2 /) =
(1 )(/1 ) + (2 )(/2 )
30
90

100 100
=
70
80
30
90

100 100 100 100

27
27
=
=
56 + 27 83

Q.10 An insurance company insured 2000 scooter drivers, 4000 car drivers and 6000 truck
drivers. The probability of an accident involving a scooter driver, car driver and a truck
driver is 0.01, 0.03 and 0.15 respectively. One of the insured person meets with an accident.
what is the probability that he is a scooter driver?
Sol.
1 , 2 , 3 :
1 =
2 =
3 =
=
= 2000 + 4000 + 6000 = 12000

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CBSE Class 12 Mathematics

2000
1
=
(1 ) =
12,000 6
4000
1
=
(2 ) =
12,000 3
6000
1
=
(3 ) =
12,000 2
, (/1 ) =
= 0.01
(/2 ) = ~ = 0.03
(/3 ) = = 0.15
,
. . (1 /) =?
,
(1 /)
(2 )(/1 )
=
(1 )(/1 ) + (2 )(/2 ) + (3 )(/3 )
1

0.01
6
=
1
1
1

0.01
+

0.03
+

0.15
6
3
2

1
1
=
1 + 6 + 45 52

Q.11 In a meeting, 70% of the members favour and 30% oppose a certain proposal. A
member is selected at random and we take X = 0 if he opposed, and X = 1 if he is in favour.
Find E(X) and Var (X).
Sol.

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CBSE Class 12 Mathematics

P(X = 0) = 30% = 0.3

P(X = 1) = 70% = 0.7
Now,
E (X) =

X P X
i

0 0.3 1 0.7
0.7

E (X ) =

X P X
2
i

0 0.3 1 0.7
2

0.7

Var X E X

E X

0.7 0.7

0.21

Q.12 A class has 15 students whose ages are 14, 17, 15, 14, 21, 17, 19, 20, 16, 18, 20, 17, 16,
19 and 20 years. One student is selected in such a manner that each has the same chance of
being chosen and the age X of the selected student is recorded. What is the probability
distribution of the random variable X? Find mean, variance and standard deviation of X.
Sol.
Total students = 15

1
Probability of each student to be selected =
15
2
P(X = 14) = ,
15

1
P(X = 15) = ,
15

2
P(X = 16) = ,
15

3
P(X = 17) = ,
15

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CBSE Class 12 Mathematics

1
P(X = 18) = ,
15

2
P(X = 19) = ,
15

Mean of X = E (X) =

3
P(X = 20) = ,
15

1
P(X = 21) =
15

X P X
i

2
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
263

15
17.5
E (X2) =

2
X
i P Xi

2
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
4683

15
2

312.2
Var X E X

E X

312.2 17.5

4.78
Standard deviation Var X 4.78 2.18

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