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CONTRASTIVE LINGUISTICS 1

2013

-true/false (102)
1. In ancient Greece, techne grammatike was the skill of reading and writing. T
2. Aristotle recognized different word forms which he called ptosis. T
3. Dyonisius Thrax wrote the first book about syntax. F (on uopce nije ni spominjao
sintaksu)
4. The Stoics travelled giving instructions in oratory skills. F (to su bili sofisti)
5. Bloomfield considered linguistics a branch of psychology, especially positivist
psychology - behaviorism. T
6. Edward Sapir was a representative of ethnolinguistics. T
7. Benjamin Lee Whorf wrote Syntactic Structures. F (bio je to Chomsky)
8. The nature of language acquisition is different than animal learning. T
-dopuni (142)
1. (Priscian) wrote Institutione Grammaticae.
2. (Humboldt) saw language as "infinite use of finite resources".
3. In his paper, (sir William Jones) established beyond doubt the historical kinship of
Sanskrit with Latin, Greek and Germanic languages.
4. German linguists who worked in the 19th century searched for models of
linguistic analysis in other natural sciences. They were called (Junggrammatiker) or
(Neogrammarians).
5. Immediate constituent analysis was introduced by (Leonard Bloomfield).
According to this analysis, the sentence "Poor John ran away." has (5) morphemes
(poor, John, ran, a-, way) but only two (immediate constituents), (poor John) and
(ran away). Then these constituents are analyzed into "poor" and "John", "ran" and
"away", and away is analyzed into (a) and (way). These last units are the (ultimate
constituents) of the sentence.
6. (Language faculty) is genetically transmitted algorithm for developing a grammar
on the basis of linguistic experience.
7. In Cognitive Linguistics, members of a category are radially distributed around
the (prototype).
napisi primjer (42) syntagmatic relationship: I like football (horizontal axis)
paradigmatic relationship: I like your dress (vertical axis)
null subject language:

non-null subject language:


-zaokruzi tacan odgovor (32) Saussure compared language to:
a) a game of chess*
b) a game of tennis
c) animal learning
-fonetska analiza (razlike izmedju b/c/s i eng.) (63)
will (W,l), then (th), dan (d,n),
-teorija (102) 1. competence and performance? 2. figure-ground organisation?
CONTRASTIVE LINGUISTICS I

2012

TEST 1 1. T/F
1.Techne grammatike is the oldest surviving grammar. T
2.Langue is a language as a general system of conventions. T
3.Parole is what we say or write. T
4.Ferdinand de Saussure is the founder of modern linguistics. T
5.Language learning is an imitative process. F
2.Fill in the gaps!
According to syntactic criteria, Humboldt divided languages into analytic, synthetic
and polysynthetic.
The main representatives of comparative linguistics: Jakob Grimm, Franz Bopp and
Rasmus Rask.
Diachronic description described changes of one sound over a certain period of time
while synchronic description is a systematic description of the stat of language...
According to behaviorist approach, language is a series of stimuli and responses.
Parameters: null-subject, wh-parameter and head position.
3.Circle the correct answer (more than one is possible): 1. Main
representatives of American structuralism
a) Franz Boas
b) Leonard Bloomfield
c) Edward Sapir
d) Benjamin Lee Whorf
e) Jakob Grimm
Define the terms: Isolating languages The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

CONTRASTIVE LINGUISTICS 1

2012

1.Similarity is both objective and subjective. T


2.Categorization is not flexible. F
3.Two types of similarity relation are theme and rheme. F
4.According to Nida, equivalence can be formal and dynamic. T
5.The concept of equivalence in CA is linked to tertium comparationis. T
2.Fill in the gaps:
Categories are fluid and have fuzzy boundaries.
Your claims are indefensible. is an example of conceptual metaphor.
The kettle is boiling. is an example of conceptual metonymy.
Three branches of contrastive linguistics: translation theory, error analysis and
contrastive analysis.
Microlinguistics includes phonology, grammar and semantics.
Macrolinguistics includes text analysis and contrastive analysis.
What counts in assessing similarities are only salient and relevant features.
Translation Theory should take the target culture, not the source culture as its
starting point.
A corpus is a large collection of spoken and written texts used for language
research.
Monolingual Corpora: British National Corpus, The Bank of English and Hrvatski
nacionalni korpus.
Translation corpora: unidirectional and bidirectional.
3. Circle the correct answer(s):
1. Structuralism includes:
a) arrangement
b) word order
c) morphological markers
d) function words
e) stress and intonation
2. The main representatives of cognitive linguistics:
a) George Lakoff
b) Ronald Langacker
c) Eleanor Rosch
d) Gilles Fauconnier

4.Define! a) Contrastive linguistics b) The Equative View

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