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Introduction to ANSYS
Fluent
2014 ANSYS, Inc.
Release 15.0
Introduction
Workshop Description:
In this workshop you will model the heat dissipation from a hot electronics
component fitted to a printed circuit board (PCB). Heat is dissipated via a finned
heat sink
Learning Aims:
This workshop introduces ways in which heat transfer can be incorporated within a
simulation. The processes include:
- Thermal conduction in solids
- Modelling thermal radiation
- Natural convection of the heated air - Conjugate heat transfer
Learning Objectives:
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Before Starting
It is strongly recommended to use double precision not
only in this workshop but in all heat transfer calculations
in Fluent. This helps to achieve a tighter energy balance
and helps the solver to converge in fewer iterations than
would be required in the same case with single precision.
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Drag
Mesh File
Select the mesh file heatsink.msh
Click Open
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Select either
menu
Open File icon from toolbar and select mesh
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Model setup
Change Temperature Units to C
Define Units
Select Temperature as a Quantity
Select c as the temperature units
Close the panel
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zone assignments and that you have opened the correct model
Workbench uses SI units (metres, kg etc) but if importing a mesh from another
source check the scale and dimensions are correct
Check mesh is used to confirm the mesh is suitable for use in a CFD simulation
Report Quality is a backup to the quality tools available within the meshing
application
By default the energy equation is not active when the mesh is first loaded,
because many problems are isothermal. In this case, temperature must be
calculated so the energy equation needs to be enabled.
The onset of turbulence is specified by the Reynolds Number (pipe flow) or
Rayleigh Number (natural convection). Calculating these numbers for this
geometry and conditions indicates that the flow will be laminar and so no
change is required to the viscous model.
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Material properties
The air density needs to change with temperature
(but not pressure)
Select Materials > Air > Create/Edit
Change density to incompressible
ideal gas
All other properties remain unchanged
Click Change/ Create
Close the Create/Edit Materials Window
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Material properties
Modify the Copper Material to produce the
PCB Material
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The Fluent database contains basic properties for many materials. These are generally
set to the standard STP/RTP values, but always check these are suitable before
proceeding.
Additional materials can be added to the database; refer to the user documentation. It
is often easier to copy a material from the database and then modify it; alternatively,
you can modify the default material of aluminium and then choose not to overwrite.
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kg/m3
Click OK
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The volume of an entity can be reported from the Volume Integrals panel. Note that
the solution must be initialized before the volume integrals are enabled
Here, adiabatic conditions have been set for the external walls.
However if needed, Fluent can model an external boundary in several different
ways, including:
Known heat flux (W/m2)
Known heat transfer coefficient (eg for natural convection from a vertical plate)
Heat transfer through radiation (by setting emissivity and temperature). Note this
is not related to radiation models available within Fluent
Shell conduction in the outer wall (hence fields for material and wall thickness)
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Model Setup
February 28, 2014
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Surface Monitor
In Monitors, press Create... for a Surface Monitor
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Volume Monitors
In Monitors, press Create... for a Volume Monitor
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Model Setup
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Solver controls
Solution Methods > Pressure-Velocity Coupling
Select Coupled Scheme
Switch on Pseudo Transient
Solution Methods > Spatial Discretization > Pressure
Change the pressure scheme to Body Force Weighted
Leave Momentum and Energy at 2nd Order Upwind
Solution Initialization
Switch to Standard Initialization, Compute from inlet
Click the Initialize button
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Quick Post-processing
Check overall heat and mass balances
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Adding the .gz extension will compress the case and data
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The method determines the view factor from each wall (or boundary) surface facet
(mesh cell) to every other facet. Clustering is used to reduce the number of facet
calculations needed in the actual solution. Neighbouring facets are grouped together
based on the set values and other geometric factors.
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Emissivity
inlet
outlet
wall_heat_sink-shadow
0.9
wall_board-shadow
0.9
wall_heat_source
0.3
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(If you have time) solve for 200 more iterations, save the case and data files and exit
Fluent
If you are running Fluent in Workbench, select Use settings changes for current and future
calculations when prompted after clicking Calculate
If you are short of time you may want to stop the solution prematurely and proceed
to the post-processing. We have supplied a converged results file incorporating
thermal radiation (ws6_s2s-radiation.cas.gz)
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Select Open
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Displaying Temperature
Temperature will be a key variable for
any electronics cooling application so it
will be displayed in several locations
i. in the flow
ii. on the surfaces of the solid region
iii. by extracting the maximum
temperature within the component
i) FLOW:
Create a YZ plane
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Displaying Temperature
ii) SOLID:
Create a contour plot
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Reporting Temperature
iii) Computing Maximum Temperature
In the top toolbar, click on the
calculator
Set the options
maxVal
solid_heatsource
All Cases
Temperature
Then press Calculate
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Flow Displays
To visualize flow patterns different methods can be
used including Streamlines, Vector Plots and
Isosurfaces
Insert an Isosurface
Insert > Location > Isosurface
set the Variable to Velocity with a value of 0.5m/s.
Gradually reduce the value to 0.2 and notice that for
the radiation case higher speed flow can be observed
close to the fluid walls as well as the PCB
Insert a Vector Plot
Insert > Vector
Set Location to Centre
Change Sampling to Equally Spaced with 1000 Points
Go to the Color Tab and set Range to Local
Go to Symbol Tab and Select Normalize Symbols
All of the vectors will be the same length, making it
easier to investigate regions of the model where the
velocity magnitude is small
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Further work
If you would like to experiment further with this example, you could
investigate the consequences of changing:
Numeric Schemes
Boundary Conditions
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Wrap-up
This workshop has shown the steps needed to set up a simulation that includes:
Heat conduction within a solid
(indeed several solids, each of different material properties)
Conjugate heat transfer to the fluid from the solid
The effects of natural convection
The effects of thermal radiation
In addition, a side-by-side comparison of the results has been performed in CFD-Post.
In this case we were interested in the maximum temperature in the electronic
component. We have seen that radiation has a strong influence on the results.
Knowing your aims from the start will help you make sensible decisions of how much of
the part to simulate, the level of mesh refinement needed, and which numerical
schemes should be selected.
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Archiving in EKM
Documentation and archiving is often neglected in simulation projects
Please upload both case files for exploring some features of EKM
1. Start EKM WEB UI
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Archiving in EKM
2. Log into EKM WEB UI
Important: If you are not located in Darmstadt, your trainer will provide
the correct user name, password and workspace name.
Benutzername: trainingX
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Password: trainingX123
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Arbeitsbereich: train-workspace
Please see next slide for login details
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Darmstadt Trainingsroom
door
trainer
training1
training2
training3
training4
training5
training6
training7
training8
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3. Click on Repository
4. Navigate to TEMP-trainekm-test
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5. Upload
6. Click Add
5. Click Next
6. Click Add
7. Select case files
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11. Click OK
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12. Click on a
case file
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Archiving in EKM
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18. Click OK
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20. Close EKM by Logout
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?
Collaboration
Deployment
Multiple analysts working on same project
Search and reuse previous simulations
Global deployment and what-if studies
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