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0010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010
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01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
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00101001101000101001101000101001101000101001101000101001101000101001
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
111010010101001010111010010111101001010100101011101001011110100101010010101
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100101111010101001011001011110101010010110010111101010100101100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
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0010011010011001001101001100100110100110010011010011001001101001
0010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010
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101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
010010101001010101100010011010010101001010101100010011010010101001010101
0110001001101001101001011010100110001001101001101001011010100110001001
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00101001101000101001101000101001101000101001101000101001101000101001
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
111010010101001010111010010111101001010100101011101001011110100101010010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
100101111010101001011001011110101010010110010111101010100101100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
010010110100001001011010000100101101000010010110100001001011010000100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
Part II
Highlighted
topics
33
11.
12.
Figure 7. Probability of death from an NCD between ages 30 and 70 (%), 2008
Probability of death
from NCDs (%)
<20
2024
2529
3034
35
Not applicable
34
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
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0010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
010010101001010101100010011010010101001010101100010011010010101001010101
0110001001101001101001011010100110001001101001101001011010100110001001
100101111010010101001010010111101001010100101001011110100101010010100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
00101001101000101001101000101001101000101001101000101001101000101001
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
111010010101001010111010010111101001010100101011101001011110100101010010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
100101111010101001011001011110101010010110010111101010100101100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
010010110100001001011010000100101101000010010110100001001011010000100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
010010100110101010110010100101100101111010101001010100101010110001001
01010110001001101001101001011010101011000100110100110100101101010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
101001011001011110101010010101010010110010111101010100101010100101
0010011010011001001101001100100110100110010011010011001001101001
0010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
010010101001010101100010011010010101001010101100010011010010101001010101
0110001001101001101001011010100110001001101001101001011010100110001001
100101111010010101001010010111101001010100101001011110100101010010100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
00101001101000101001101000101001101000101001101000101001101000101001
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
111010010101001010111010010111101001010100101011101001011110100101010010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
100101111010101001011001011110101010010110010111101010100101100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
010010110100001001011010000100101101000010010110100001001011010000100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
The largest proportion of NCD deaths is caused by cardiovascular disease (48%), followed by cancers (21%)
and chronic respiratory diseases (12%). Diabetes is directly responsible for 3.5% of NCD deaths. Behavioural
risk factors, including tobacco use, physical inactivity,
unhealthy diet and the harmful use of alcohol, are estimated to be responsible for about 80% of coronary heart
disease and cerebrovascular disease.13
14.
15.
Figure 8. Age-standardized prevalence (%) of raised blood pressure (SBP 140 mm Hg or DBP 90 mm Hg)
among adults aged 25 years and over by WHO region, 1980 and 2008
50
45
40
35
(%)
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1980 2008
1980 2008
1980 2008
1980 2008
1980 2008
1980 2008
1980 2008
AFR
AMR
SEAR
EUR
EMR
WPR
Global
35
Predominant cancer types vary according to the prevailing underlying risks. In sub-Saharan Africa, for example,
cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer death
among women due to a high prevalence of infection
with human papillomavirus. In high-income countries,
Figure 9. Age-standardized prevalence (%) of obesity (body mass index 30 kg/m2) among adults aged 20 years
and over by WHO region, 1980 and 2008
30
25
(%)
20
15
10
0
1980 2008
1980 2008
1980 2008
1980 2008
1980 2008
1980 2008
1980 2008
AFR
AMR
SEAR
EUR
EMR
WPR
Global
36
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
101001011001011110101010010101010010110010111101010100101010100101
0010011010011001001101001100100110100110010011010011001001101001
0010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
010010101001010101100010011010010101001010101100010011010010101001010101
0110001001101001101001011010100110001001101001101001011010100110001001
100101111010010101001010010111101001010100101001011110100101010010100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
00101001101000101001101000101001101000101001101000101001101000101001
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
111010010101001010111010010111101001010100101011101001011110100101010010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
100101111010101001011001011110101010010110010111101010100101100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
010010110100001001011010000100101101000010010110100001001011010000100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
010010100110101010110010100101100101111010101001010100101010110001001
01010110001001101001101001011010101011000100110100110100101101010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
101001011001011110101010010101010010110010111101010100101010100101
0010011010011001001101001100100110100110010011010011001001101001
0010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
010010101001010101100010011010010101001010101100010011010010101001010101
0110001001101001101001011010100110001001101001101001011010100110001001
100101111010010101001010010111101001010100101001011110100101010010100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
00101001101000101001101000101001101000101001101000101001101000101001
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
111010010101001010111010010111101001010100101011101001011110100101010010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
100101111010101001011001011110101010010110010111101010100101100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
010010110100001001011010000100101101000010010110100001001011010000100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
37
Expenditures per capita from all sources public, private and external partners ranged from US$11 in Eritrea to US$8262 in Luxembourg. Average (weighted)
per capita expenditures also varied substantially across
WHO regions and country-income groupings ranging from US$48 in the WHO South-East Asia Region
to US$3187 in the WHO Region of the Americas; and
from US$25 in low-income countries to US$4692 in
high-income countries.
17.
18.
19.
38
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
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0010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
010010101001010101100010011010010101001010101100010011010010101001010101
0110001001101001101001011010100110001001101001101001011010100110001001
100101111010010101001010010111101001010100101001011110100101010010100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
00101001101000101001101000101001101000101001101000101001101000101001
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
111010010101001010111010010111101001010100101011101001011110100101010010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
100101111010101001011001011110101010010110010111101010100101100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
010010110100001001011010000100101101000010010110100001001011010000100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
010010100110101010110010100101100101111010101001010100101010110001001
01010110001001101001101001011010101011000100110100110100101101010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
101001011001011110101010010101010010110010111101010100101010100101
0010011010011001001101001100100110100110010011010011001001101001
0010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
010010101001010101100010011010010101001010101100010011010010101001010101
0110001001101001101001011010100110001001101001101001011010100110001001
100101111010010101001010010111101001010100101001011110100101010010100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
00101001101000101001101000101001101000101001101000101001101000101001
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
111010010101001010111010010111101001010100101011101001011110100101010010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
100101111010101001011001011110101010010110010111101010100101100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
010010110100001001011010000100101101000010010110100001001011010000100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
AMR
EUR
EMR
Equatorial Guinea
804
Luxembourg
8262
Botswana
581
Canada 4519
Norway
7533
Qatar 1612
South Africa
521
Bahamas 1741
Switzerland
7185
Kuwait 1579
Mauritius
382
Seychelles
Namibia
Gabon
181
Swaziland
169
Cape Verde
150
93
Lesotho
75
Congo
67
Cte d'Ivoire
Chile
802
Uruguay
787
Argentina
734
Brazil
734
688
266
Algeria
Zambia
843
297
201
848
Barbados
301
Angola
Nigeria
Cuba
Costa Rica
Antigua and Barbuda
Panama
Mexico
67
63
Saint Lucia
Suriname
61
672
Monaco
6658
Bahrain
771
Denmark
6452
Lebanon
617
Netherlands
5751
Saudi Arabia
608
Austria
5035
France
4840
Oman
520
Belgium
4749
Libya
427
Germany
4723
Jordan
373
Ireland
4719
287
Tunisia
243
Iraq
200
152
Sweden
667
Finland
4347
4078
601
San Marino
3864
Morocco
564
Iceland
3698
Egypt
114
525
United Kingdom
3440
95
523
Andorra
3364
Djibouti
94
Italy
3323
Sudan
94
Spain
3032
Yemen
63
Greece
3015
Afghanistan
34
Portugal
2365
Pakistan
20
Slovenia
2231
Somalia
...
467
467
462
Cameroon
60
Grenada
Senegal
60
Colombia
Ghana
54
Dominica
342
Israel
2004
Rwanda
52
Guinea-Bissau
48
Sierra Leone
45
Uganda
44
Togo
41
Burkina Faso
39
Mauritania
38
Kenya
Benin
392
Ecuador
321
Cyprus
1794
286
Malta
1668
Dominican Republic
279
Czech Republic
1495
Belize
242
Slovakia
1474
Peru
236
Croatia
1112
El Salvador
228
Estonia
967
Jamaica
228
Guatemala
184
36
Guyana
152
34
Paraguay
147
WPR
Australia 3945
Japan 3754
New Zealand 2702
Niue 1825
Singapore 1531
Hungary
957
Lithuania
836
Poland
829
Palau
854
833
Latvia
756
Brunei Darussalam
Montenegro
621
Nauru
595
Serbia
576
Marshall Islands
540
Mali
33
Honduras
134
Chad
28
Nicaragua
104
Turkey
575
Cook Islands
435
Liberia
28
90
495
Tuvalu
396
Gambia
27
Haiti
40
Russian Federation
476
336
27
Bulgaria
463
Malaysia
316
Guinea
25
Romania
432
China
191
Kiribati
159
Samoa
154
Fiji
144
Tonga
142
Vanuatu
123
Solomon Islands
102
Mongolia
97
129
Viet Nam
77
Turkmenistan
92
Philippines
66
Uzbekistan
73
44
Malawi
Comoros
Mozambique
Burundi
Niger
25
24
23
19
19
SEAR
Maldives
355
Kazakhstan
326
Thailand
160
Belarus
311
Bhutan
91
311
Sri Lanka
65
Azerbaijan
283
Albania
260
Georgia
251
Timor-Leste
Indonesia
65
56
Ukraine
200
18
Madagascar
18
17
Nepal
24
Ethiopia
16
Bangladesh
21
Eritrea
11
Myanmar
14
Kyrgyzstan
57
Cambodia
41
Zimbabwe
...
...
Tajikistan
44
39
20.
India
Republic of Moldova
44
Armenia
191
The bars show values on a logarithmic scale and the vertical grey lines show the suggested minimum of 44$ USD per capita. The numerical
values show the total health expenditure per capita for 2009.
39
In addition, many other low- and middle-income countries are facing severe financial constraints, and their
capacity to increase the availability and quality of health
services over time will depend on their ability to increase
funding from both domestic and external sources, and
to use them efficiently and equitably. The World Health
Report 2010 summarized a number of ways that countries could raise more funds for health domestically including giving greater priority to health in the making of
government budget decisions.
Conclusion
With very low levels of funding, countries cannot ensure
universal access to even a very limited set of health services. On the other hand, higher levels of funding might
not translate into better service coverage or improved
health outcomes if the resources are not used efficiently
or equitably. The two health expenditure indicators presented here do not capture aspects of efficiency, and
only partially highlight the issue of equity. However, they
still provide valuable information on two of the important
areas of health financing for universal coverage.
22.
21.
40
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
101001011001011110101010010101010010110010111101010100101010100101
0010011010011001001101001100100110100110010011010011001001101001
0010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
010010101001010101100010011010010101001010101100010011010010101001010101
0110001001101001101001011010100110001001101001101001011010100110001001
100101111010010101001010010111101001010100101001011110100101010010100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
00101001101000101001101000101001101000101001101000101001101000101001
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
111010010101001010111010010111101001010100101011101001011110100101010010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
100101111010101001011001011110101010010110010111101010100101100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
010010110100001001011010000100101101000010010110100001001011010000100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
010010100110101010110010100101100101111010101001010100101010110001001
01010110001001101001101001011010101011000100110100110100101101010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
101001011001011110101010010101010010110010111101010100101010100101
0010011010011001001101001100100110100110010011010011001001101001
0010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
010010101001010101100010011010010101001010101100010011010010101001010101
0110001001101001101001011010100110001001101001101001011010100110001001
100101111010010101001010010111101001010100101001011110100101010010100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
00101001101000101001101000101001101000101001101000101001101000101001
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
111010010101001010111010010111101001010100101011101001011110100101010010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
100101111010101001011001011110101010010110010111101010100101100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
010010110100001001011010000100101101000010010110100001001011010000100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
Figure 11. Out-of-pocket health expenditure as a proportion of total health expenditure, 2009 (%)
AFR
AMR
EUR
EMR
Guinea
91
Ecuador
55
Azerbaijan
69
Afghanistan
82
Sierra Leone
80
Paraguay
55
Tajikistan
68
Yemen
73
Cte d'Ivoire
78
54
Georgia
67
Sudan
70
78
Guatemala
53
Albania
59
Egypt
59
Grenada
50
Armenia
53
57
48
Cyprus
48
Morocco
53
Mexico
48
Republic of Moldova
47
42
Uzbekistan
52
Nicaragua
45
Bulgaria
43
Lebanon
45
Dominican Republic
39
Ukraine
42
Pakistan
41
Haiti
37
Kyrgyzstan
42
Tunisia
40
Libya
34
Djibouti
30
30
Chad
Guinea-Bissau
Cameroon
Central African Republic
73
70
63
Nigeria
62
Mauritius
56
Congo
53
Mali
53
Eritrea
52
Gabon
52
Uganda
50
Togo
Comoros
Sao Tome and Principe
Saint Lucia
Peru
El Salvador
Chile
Barbados
48
Brazil
47
45
37
Turkmenistan
36
Kazakhstan
41
40
35
39
Jordan
34
Greece
36
Iraq
23
33
Latvia
36
Saudi Arabia
20
32
Serbia
35
Bahrain
17
33
17
Malta
33
Qatar
16
Switzerland
31
Oman
14
Russian Federation
30
Kuwait
13
Israel
28
Somalia
...
32
32
30
Mauritania
45
Honduras
Kenya
44
Dominica
Benin
43
29
Belarus
27
Niger
42
Bahamas
29
Montenegro
26
Costa Rica
29
Lithuania
26
Guyana
28
Slovakia
25
27
Portugal
25
Belize
27
Hungary
24
Colombia
22
Andorra
22
Panama
20
Argentina
20
31
16
29
Canada
15
Burundi
39
Ethiopia
37
Burkina Faso
37
36
Senegal
Liberia
Madagascar
Ghana
29
36
34
Poland
Romania
Estonia
WPR
Viet Nam
58
Singapore
55
Philippines
54
51
Cambodia
49
Mongolia
42
20
China
38
33
22
21
Spain
20
Malaysia
Belgium
20
Republic of Korea
32
Italy
20
Fiji
22
Zambia
28
Uruguay
14
Cape Verde
26
12
Finland
19
Australia
20
Rwanda
23
Suriname
11
Sweden
17
16
Gambia
23
Cuba
Iceland
16
Brunei Darussalam
15
Equatorial Guinea
22
Turkey
16
Japan
15
Algeria
20
Norway
15
Tonga
14
Marshall Islands
12
New Zealand
11
Samoa
Palau
Cook Islands
Vanuatu
12
Nauru
United Kingdom
10
Solomon Islands
France
Niue
Lesotho
South Africa
United Republic of Tanzania
Mozambique
Swaziland
18
17
14
12
11
SEAR
Myanmar
82
Croatia
15
Bangladesh
65
Austria
15
India
60
Czech Republic
14
Nepal
49
San Marino
14
Denmark
13
Germany
13
Sri Lanka
Indonesia
44
41
Slovenia
13
Angola
10
Malawi
10
Namibia
Thailand
15
Botswana
Bhutan
13
Seychelles
Timor-Leste
Monaco
Tuvalu
Zimbabwe
...
...
Netherlands
Kiribati
Maldives
Ireland
28
Luxembourg
41
12
few exceptions in South Africa, for example, successful efforts were made to increase the coverage of birth
and death registrations from about 50% in the mid1990s to almost 90% by 2008.23 The two most populous countries of the world, China and India, do not
have fully functional civil registration systems, with both
countries instead making use of sample registration approaches to generate representative mortality statistics.
23.
WHO Mortality Database: Tables. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2012 (http://www.who.int/healthinfo/morttables accessed 30 March 2012).
Figure 12. Estimated versus reported number of deaths by country-income group, 200923
35
30
estimated
reported
25
20
15
10
5
1%
0
Low
income
80%
96%
Upper middle
income
High
income
9%
Lower middle
income
42
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
101001011001011110101010010101010010110010111101010100101010100101
0010011010011001001101001100100110100110010011010011001001101001
0010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
010010101001010101100010011010010101001010101100010011010010101001010101
0110001001101001101001011010100110001001101001101001011010100110001001
100101111010010101001010010111101001010100101001011110100101010010100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
00101001101000101001101000101001101000101001101000101001101000101001
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
111010010101001010111010010111101001010100101011101001011110100101010010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
100101111010101001011001011110101010010110010111101010100101100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
010010110100001001011010000100101101000010010110100001001011010000100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
010010100110101010110010100101100101111010101001010100101010110001001
01010110001001101001101001011010101011000100110100110100101101010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
101001011001011110101010010101010010110010111101010100101010100101
0010011010011001001101001100100110100110010011010011001001101001
0010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
010010101001010101100010011010010101001010101100010011010010101001010101
0110001001101001101001011010100110001001101001101001011010100110001001
100101111010010101001010010111101001010100101001011110100101010010100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
00101001101000101001101000101001101000101001101000101001101000101001
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
111010010101001010111010010111101001010100101011101001011110100101010010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
100101111010101001011001011110101010010110010111101010100101100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
010010110100001001011010000100101101000010010110100001001011010000100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
WHO region
No deathregistration data
Low quality
Medium quality
Number of WHO
Member States
AFR
42
46
AMR
13
13
35
SEAR
11
EUR
11
24
16
53
EMR
10
21
WPR
12
27
Global
74
38
47
34
193
24.
High quality
43
AMR
EUR
EMR
Seychelles
Barbados
Austria
Mauritius
Canada
Belarus
Egypt
South Africa
Dominica
Belgium
Kuwait
Zimbabwe
Saint Lucia
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Cte d'Ivoire
Iceland
Israel
Portugal
Colombia
Slovenia
Djibouti
Spain
Lebanon
Netherlands
Libya
Bulgaria
Pakistan
Sweden
Somalia
Luxembourg
Sudan
Norway
Tunisia
Yemen
Grenada
Trinidad and Tobago
Panama
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Slovakia
Italy
Guatemala
Estonia
Paraguay
Ecuador
Russian Federation
El Salvador
Lithuania
Guyana
Haiti
Mali
Mauritania
Honduras
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Malta
Republic of Korea
United Kingdom
Brunei Darussalam
Ukraine
Philippines
Kiribati
Georgia
Cook Islands
Montenegro
Singapore
Andorra
Malaysia
Monaco
Maldives
San Marino
Sri Lanka
Cyprus
Thailand
Kazakhstan
Bangladesh
Australia
Mongolia
Bhutan
China
Cambodia
Marshall Islands
Nauru
Palau
Armenia
Samoa
Tajikistan
Solomon Islands
Turkey
Tonga
Serbia
India
Niue
Tuvalu
Republic of Moldova
SEAR
New Zealand
Croatia
Peru
Dominican Republic
Fiji
Japan
Ireland
Jamaica
WPR
Latvia
Nicaragua
Switzerland
Costa Rica
Malawi
Rwanda
Poland
Madagascar
Nigeria
Morocco
Romania
Suriname
Guinea-Bissau
Saudi Arabia
Uruguay
Jordan
Afghanistan
Equatorial Guinea
Guinea
Iraq
Hungary
Mexico
Brazil
Greece
Chile
Ghana
Germany
Belize
Oman
France
Finland
Cuba
Gabon
Qatar
Denmark
Argentina
Gambia
Czech Republic
Bahamas
Bahrain
Kyrgyzstan
Uzbekistan
Azerbaijan
Sierra Leone
Swaziland
Togo
Indonesia
Uganda
Myanmar
Nepal
Vanuatu
Zambia
Timor-Leste
Turkmenistan
Viet Nam
High quality
Medium quality
Albania
Low quality
44
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
101001011001011110101010010101010010110010111101010100101010100101
0010011010011001001101001100100110100110010011010011001001101001
0010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
010010101001010101100010011010010101001010101100010011010010101001010101
0110001001101001101001011010100110001001101001101001011010100110001001
100101111010010101001010010111101001010100101001011110100101010010100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
00101001101000101001101000101001101000101001101000101001101000101001
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
111010010101001010111010010111101001010100101011101001011110100101010010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
100101111010101001011001011110101010010110010111101010100101100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
010010110100001001011010000100101101000010010110100001001011010000100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
010010100110101010110010100101100101111010101001010100101010110001001
01010110001001101001101001011010101011000100110100110100101101010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
101001011001011110101010010101010010110010111101010100101010100101
0010011010011001001101001100100110100110010011010011001001101001
0010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101010010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101100010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
010010101001010101100010011010010101001010101100010011010010101001010101
0110001001101001101001011010100110001001101001101001011010100110001001
100101111010010101001010010111101001010100101001011110100101010010100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
00101001101000101001101000101001101000101001101000101001101000101001
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
111010010101001010111010010111101001010100101011101001011110100101010010101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
100101111010101001011001011110101010010110010111101010100101100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
010010110100001001011010000100101101000010010110100001001011010000100101
01101001100110100110011010011001101001100110100110011010011001101001
mates highlights the urgent need for investment in improving death registration in countries, as part of overall
efforts to enhance civil registration and vital statistics
systems.
25.
26.
Keeping promises, measuring results. Commission on Information and Accountability for Womens and Childrens Health.
Geneva, World Health Organization, 2011 (http://www.who.int/
topics/millennium_development_goals/accountability_commission/Commission_Report_advance_copy.pdf).
45