AFRICA-INDIA

Facts & Figures

2015

AFRICA-INDIA
Facts & Figures
2015

 2015 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa and Confederation of Indian Industry
All rights reserved
First printing October 2015
ISBN: 978-99944-61-83-7
eISBN: 978-99944-62-83-4
Material in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted. Acknowledgment
is requested, together with a copy of the publication.
The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official
views of the Confederation of Indian Industry and the United Nations or its Members.
Economic Commission for Africa
P.O. Box 3001
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Tel: +251 11 544-9900
Fax: +251 11 551-4416
E-mail: ecainfo@uneca.org
Web: www.uneca.org

Confederation of Indian Industry

The Mantosh Sondhi Centre
23, Institutional Area, Lodi Road, New Delhi 110 003 (India)
T: 91 11 45771000 / 24629994-7
F: 91 11 24626149
E-mail: info@cii.in
Web: www.cii.in

CONTENTS
FOREWORD

iii

STATISTICAL HIGHLIGHTS

iv

1. INTERACTION INDICATORS

1.1 Inward and outward direct investment positions

1.2 Indias development partnership with Africa
1.3 Trade
1.4 Population of overseas Indians in Africa
1.5 Student mobility
1.6 African tourists arrivals to India

2
4
8
16
17
19

2. COMPARISON INDICATORS

22

2.1 Population and labour force

2.2 Education
2.3 Research outputs
2.4 Health
2.5 Gross domestic product
2.6 Agriculture and food production
2.7 Electricity
2.8 Oil reserves
2.9 Financial sector
2.10 Public finance
2.11 Tourism
2.12 Information society

23
28
30
31
38
42
45
48
49
52
55
56

SOURCE LIST

57

FIGURE LIST

58

AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

FOREWORD
Africa and India have had a rich distinguished
history, first ushered by Indian traders led by
the seasonal monsoon winds before they upscaled their presence in the 17th century due
to the abundance of spices on the East African
coast. The colonial period brought with it a new
demand for Indian Labour. Today, the relationship
is vibrant and multilayered. It is one of equal
partners focused on prosperity and a quest for
mutually beneficial economic development. The
result is that annual trade between India and
Africa stands at US$ 75 billion making India
the third largest trading partner of Africa.

the story of two parties working towards

achieving common prosperity and progress.
In the area of science and technology, Africa and
India share the common objective of enhancing
collaborative research, strengthening science
and technology institutions and cashing in on
the growth of a south-south dynamic information
economy. In this new era of Sustainable
Development Goals, Africa and India share a
common understanding on many fronts, such
as the need to reinforce their cooperation
in human resource development, upgrade
healthcare systems and improve basic sanitation
to stem the spread of diseases resulting from
poor hygiene and environmental sanitation.

The data in this publication bears testimony

to the depth and breadth of the sectors that
Africa and India place the greatest levels of
engagement. Both entities recognize that the
development of micro, small and medium-scale
enterprises is a necessary first step towards
industrialization. The importance of a robust
financial sector for economic development
has been acknowledged in the cooperation
policy, leading to the development and
growth of regulatory frameworks that have
spawned new ways of doing business. In
addition, regional cooperation and economic
integration have generated financial support
to mutually agreed integration programmes
and projects. Ultimately, the data, which cuts
across a remarkable breadth of sectors tells

It is in this backdrop that the Confederation

of Indian Industry (CII) in collaboration
with the United Nations Economic
Commission for Africa (ECA) have come
together to produce this publication titled
Africa-India: Facts & Figures 2015.
It is our hope that the information in this
publication will provide a much-needed snapshot
of the potential for even greater collaboration
and investment. By the year 2063, new and
vibrant trade winds would have taken Africa and
India to new heights of exchange and prosperity
whose seeds are only now being sown.

Carlos Lopes
United Nations Under-Secretary-General and
Executive Secretary of ECA

Chandrajit Banerjee
Director General
Confederation of Indian Industry

iii

STATISTICAL HIGHLIGHTS

I
FDI

n 2013, 13.6 BILLION USD of Indias Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) stocks
were in Africa. This figure accounted for 16% OF THE COUNTRYS TOTAL FDI
STOCKS, which is outstanding compared to the relative importance of Africa in
big economies total FDI stocks such as Brazil (9%), USA (1.2%) or China (0.8%).
In the same year, 65.4 BILLION USD of the inward FDI stocks in India came from
Africa which is 26% OF THE COUNTRYS TOTAL INWARD FDI STOCKS.

DEVELOPMENT
PARTNERSHIP

TRADE

n 2014, AFRICA accounted for 11%

of INDIAS EXPORTS and 9% of its
IMPORTS where mineral products were
the major trade commodity. Since 2010,
INDIAS EXPORTS to and IMPORTS from
Africa INCREASED by 93% and 28%,
respectively. In the meantime, AFRICAS
share from INDIAS total EXPORTS has
INCREASED from 8.1% to 10.9%.

ndias development partnership

with Africa is in the form of capacity
building and training, grant assistance
and concessional credit or lines of
credit. India has offered Lines of Credit
worth 7.4 BILLION USD under the first
India Africa Forum Summit (IAFS) and
a contribution of 10 MILLION USD for
the UN Fund for Ebola. Also, since IAFS
in 2011, a total of 25,000 scholarships
have been utilized to Africans.

POPULATION

ver the last three decades, both India

and Africa have experienced a rapid
increase in their population. AFRICA has
DOUBLED ITS POPULATION between
1980 and 2010, and India is expect to
do so by 2020. However, the population
of Africa is expected to surpass that of
India, by 2023. In 2050 the population of
Africa will account for A QUARTER OF
THE WORLD POPULATION, while the
population of Africa and India together will
account for 43% of the world population.

MOBILITY

s of January 2015, the number

of Indians and persons of Indian
origin in Africa was estimated to be
2.76 MILLION which accounted about
10% OF THE TOTAL INDIANS LIVING
OVERSEAS. In Africa, most of Indian
population were residing in South
Africa (56%) and Mauritius (32%).

iv

AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

W
AGE

ith the decline in fertility, the proportion of YOUNG population in

Africa is expected to decrease from 41.6% TO 32.2% between 2015
and 2050. Similarly, in India the proportion of children will decrease from
31.8% TO 19.1%. The proportion of OLD AGE population is expected
to increase 1.4 AND 2.6 TIMES more in Africa and India respectively.

EDUCATION

HEALTH

he gross enrollment ratios in

SECONDARY EDUCATION continue
to be lower in both Africa and India, with
around 47% AND 69% respectively.

etween 1990 and 2013, AFRICA has

REDUCED neonatal MORTALITY,
infant mortality and under-five mortality
rates by 31.1%, 43.4% AND 48.9%,
respectively. In INDIA, the percentage
DECLINE of the MORTALITY rates for
the same period were 43.1%, 53.4%
AND 57.4%. There was a DECREASE
of the percentage of UNDERWEIGHT
CHILDREN in Africa and India between
1990 and 2012. According to the latest
data in India for 2014, the prevalences of
underweight and stunting have sharply
declined to 29.4% and 38.7% respectively.

EMPLOYMENT

he total unemployment rate in

AFRICA varied between 8.1%
and 9.8% during the years 1990 to
2014. On the other hand, in INDIA
the unemployment rate was between
3.5% and 4.3% during the same
period. In both Africa and India,
YOUTH unemployment was higher than
adult unemployment. Moreover, the
unemployment rate of FEMALES was
more than that of their male counterparts.

GDP

CROPS

ver the last ten years AFRICA,

as a continent, has had HIGHER
GDP per capita than INDIA. Africas
GDP per capita was 33% higher in
2014. 21 African countries had HIGHER
GDP per capita than India, and 33 had
LOWER figures. Between 2006 and
2014, INDIA had an average annual
GDP growth rate of 7.5% while Africa
grew by 4.8% annually on average.

here is similarity in key crop production

composition between India and Africa.
TOP 4 crops produced in INDIA in 2013
are among the TOP 9 crops cultivated
in AFRICA in the same year with sugar
cane being ranked at the first and the
second in India and Africa respectively.

AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

1. INTERACTION STATISTICS

1.1 INWARD AND OUTWARD DIRECT INVESTMENT POSITIONS

1.1.1 OUTWARD FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT STOCKS (INDIA)
FIGURE 1: O
 UTWARD FDI STOCKS OF INDIA
IN AFRICA (BILLION USD)

100.0
Africa
Africa
World
World

100.0
50.0
50.0
10.0
10.0

2010

2011

United UnitedRussian Russian

China China India India Brazil Brazil
Federation
States States
Federation

OUTWARD FDI STOCKS OF

SELECTED COUNTRIES
IN
2010
2011
AFRICA AND
IN THE WORLD
Africa
-0.002(BILLION USD)
-0.062

2012

2013

2012

2013

1.700

2.099

World
Africa

136.823
-0.002

154.347
-0.062

203.922
1.700

225.635
2.099

World
Africa

136.823
11.900

154.347
16.400

203.922
12.400

225.635
13.600

World
Africa

71.315
11.900

78.541
16.400

79.675
12.400

84.342
13.600

World
Africa

71.315
6.377

78.541
5.826

79.675
6.175

84.342
9.025

World
Africa

849.684
6.377

953.685
5.826

1,002.383
6.175

1,077.363
9.025

World
Africa

849.684
1.477

953.685
1.010

1,002.383
2.168

1,077.363
2.014

World
Africa

365.905
1.477

362.932
1.010

406.295
2.168

385.315
2.014

World
Africa

365.905
52.426

362.932
51.617

406.295
52.971

385.315
55.543

World
Africa

3,741.910
52.426

4,050.026
51.617

4,384.671
52.971

4,660.906
55.543

World

3,741.910

4,050.026

4,384.671

4,660.906

In 2013, 16% of Indias total foreign direct investment stocks were in Africa.
Altogether, India has the second largest FDI stocks in Africa after the United States of
America. However, in terms of relative importance of Africa in the countries total FDI
stocks, India is outstanding. In 2013, 16% of Indias total FDI stocks were in Africa, while
Brazil and China had 9% and 0.8% of their FDI stocks in the continent, respectively.

AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

DEVELOPMENT
PARTNERSHIP
1.1.2 INWARD FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT STOCKS FROM AFRICA (INDIA)
FIGURE 2: AFRICA FDI STOCKS IN INDIA (BILLION USD)
200.0
200.0
150.0

Africa

150.0

Africa
World

100.0

World

100.0
50.0
50.0

2010

2011

2012

2013

2010

2011

2012

2013

UnitedUnitedRussianRussian
China China India India Brazil Brazil
Federation
States States
Federation

OUTWARD FDI STOCKS OF AFRICA AND THE WORLD

IN SELECTED COUNTRIES (BILLION USD)
Africa

1.428

1.970

2.090

1.875

World
Africa

670.042
1.428

692.938
1.970

737.274
2.090

715.182
1.875

World
Africa

670.042
57.031

692.938
56.546

737.274
58.021

715.182
65.418

World
Africa

212.725
57.031

210.608
56.546

218.666
58.021

249.288
65.418

World
Africa

212.725
26.009

210.608
28.619

218.666
31.216

249.288
47.713

World
Africa

2,574.709
26.009

2,948.808
28.619

3,211.271
31.216

3,550.143
47.713

World
Africa

2,574.709
1.047

2,948.808
0.904

3,211.271
1.143

3,550.143
0.268

World
Africa

489.256
1.047

455.904
0.904

496.396
1.143

472.281
0.268

World
Africa

489.256
2.183

455.904
1.391

496.396
3.676

472.281
2.371

World
Africa

2,280.044
2.183

2,433.848
1.391

2,605.755
3.676

2,763.956
2.371

World

2,280.044

2,433.848

2,605.755

2,763.956

In 2013, 26% of the inward FDI stocks in India came from Africa.
Compared to Brazil, China, the Russian Federation and the United States of America, India has
the largest inward FDI stocks from Africa, with a total of 65 billion USD in 2013. The importance of
African investment is outstanding in India: Africa accounts for 26% of Indias total inward FDI stocks.

AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

DEVELOPMENT
PARTNERSHIP
1.2 INDIAS DEVELOPMENT PARTNERSHIP WITH AFRICA
1.2.1 LINES OF CREDIT OFFERED THROUGH THE EXIM BANK OF INDIA
FIGURE 3: L
 INES OF CREDIT BY SECTORS (%)
Shipping and Ship-building 1%
Railways 2%
Tech and Comm 2%
Construction 2%
Cement 2%
Automobile 3%

Aviation 0.2%
Steel 0.2%
Engineering and Construction 0.1%

Others 3%
Irrigation 3%

Power 29%
Rural Electrification 6%

Agriculture 10%

Engineering 14%
Roads and Transport 11%
Sugar Plant 12%

Indias development partnership with Africa is in the form of capacity building and
training, grant assistance and concessional credit or lines of credit.
Grants
Under the India Africa Forum Summit I (IAFS-I), India announced a grant of 500 million USD (Rs. 2,700
crores) to assist capacity building in Africa through setting up of specialized institutions and extending
scholarships and training programmes and implementing the Pan Africa e-Network project.
At IAFS-II, India announced a grant of 700 million USD (Rs. 3,300 crores).
Under the IAFS, India has offered Lines of Credit worth USD 7.4 billion
USD which includes a total of 137 projects in 41 countries.

1.2.2 SCHOLARSHIPS
Between the first two Summits (2008-2011) a total of 15,000
scholarships have been offered to Africans.
Since the India Africa Forum Summit in 2011, a total of 25,000 scholarships have been
utilised to Africans. Under several programmes operated by the Government of India such as
the ITEC, ICCR, CV Raman Scientific Fellowships, Special Agricultural Scholarships, Shortterm specialised Training programmes, and distance learning through Pan Africa e-network
are provided to Africans. These include more than 300 training programmes conducted at
over 60 institutions in addition to the higher education scholarships at various universities.
India Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC), formalised in 1964, has
been sharing Indias development experience and expertise in a range of
areas with fellow developing countries for the past five decades.
The Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR) also has longstanding programme since 1960s
to provide scholarships for higher education for Post Graduate and PhD degree programmes.
Areas of Training: The areas of training and capacity building are of vital interest to
African countries. They include IT, renewable energy, agriculture, marine & aeronautical
engineering, marine hydrography, SME entrepreneurship, rural development, parliamentary
affairs, logistics and management, climate change adaptation, disaster management,
cyber security, forensic sciences, and defense and security, among others.

1.2.3 PAN-AFRICA E-NETWORK

The Pan Africa e-Network project has provided another innovative model of
cooperation by providing an efficient tool to bridge the digital divide and provide
affordable and easy access to quality education and healthcare to our peoples. The
project links a large number of premier universities in both India and Africa.
The Project connects the nations of the African Union by a satellite and fiber optic network that would
provide effective communication for Tele-education, Tele-medicine, Internet, Videoconferencing.
Twelve Super Speciality hospitals and five top ranking Universities from India are presently
providing Tele-medicine and Tele-education services to African member countries on this
network. From the African side five designated Regional University Centres (RUCs) namely
(1) Cameroon (2) Egypt (3) Ghana (4) Mauritius (5) Malawi and five Regional Super Speciality
Hospitals (RSSHs) namely (1) Nigeria (2) Republic of Congo (3) Mauritius (4) Egypt (5)
Senegal are showcasing Indian capabilities in Information Technology sector in Africa.

FIGURE 4: PAN AFRICA E-NETWORK

Regional University Centres
(RUCs) in Africa
Cameroon
Egypt
Ghana
Mauritius
Malawi

Regional Super Speciality

Hospitals (RSSHs) in Africa
Nigeria
Congo
Mauritius
Egypt
Senegal

AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

DEVELOPMENT
PARTNERSHIP
1.2.4 CAPACITY BUILDING THROUGH INSTITUTIONS
India is setting up specialised institutions in various African countries as part of its capacity
building efforts in the continent. These institutions focus on enhancing vocational skills,
education planning and administration, renewable energy, agriculture and food processing,
rural development, weather forecasting, life and earth sciences, foreign trade, entrepreneurship
development, English language training besides some specialised sectors.

1.2.5 INDIAS ASSISTANCE FOR COMBATING EBOLA

India offered a contribution of 10 million USD for the UN Fund for Ebola and an additional
fund of 2 million USD for the purchase of protective gear to tackle Ebola for the three Ebola
affected countries of West Africa. In addition, India extended a bilateral assistance of 50,000
USD to Guinea and Liberia and provided a cash assistance of 500,000 USD to WHO.

FIGURE 5: FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR FIGHT AGAINST EBOLA

10 MILLION USD
for the UN Fund
for Ebola

2 MILLION USD for the purchase of protective gear

for the three Ebola affected countries of West Africa

50,000 USD bilateral assistance to Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone

500,000 USD cash assistance to WHO

1.3 TRADE
1.3.1 IMPORTS AND EXPORTS
FIGURE 6: T
 OTAL TRADE OF INDIA TO AFRICA AND THE
WORLD AS REPORTED BY INDIA (BILLION USD)
EXPORT
To the rest
of the world
202.5

2014

282.9
302.5
262.3
278.1

2013
2012
2011
2010

34.6
34.1
27.3
23.3
17.9

To Africa

Total
220.4

317.5
336.6
289.6
301.5

IMPORT
419.0
426.6
446.0
422.6

From the rest

of the world
318.6
40.4
39.4
43.0
39.8
31.4

To Africa

459.4
466.0
489.0
462.4

Total
350.0
0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

350.0

400.0

450.0

In 2014 Africa accounted for 11% of Indias exports and 9% of its imports. Since 2010,
Indias exports to and imports from Africa increased by 93% and 28%, respectively. In the
meantime, Africas share from Indias total exports has increased from 8.1% to 10.9%.

500.0

AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

TRADE
FIGURE 7: TRADE FLOWS OF INDIA AND OTHER MAJOR PARTNERS
WITH AFRICA FROM 2010 TO 2014 (BILLION USD)
250
239.4
222.4
Imports
EU-28
200

203.3
180.7

Exports

188.1

163.7
150

113.2

115.7
105.8

China

100

92.9
84.9
60.4

50

43.0
30.8
17.4

USA

57.9
40.4
34.6

India
11.3
9.1

38.0
34.5

28.2

Brazil
14.3

17.1
9.7

12.2

Each line represents development between 2010 and 2014

Russian Federation
9.7 7.2
4.7
2.1

Overtaking the United States of American with 40 billion of US Dollars of imports, India
came as third African trade partner, in 2014 just after the European Union and China.

2.8

FIGURE 8: T
 OP FIVE IMPORT/EXPORT COMMODITIES BY
INDIA TO/FROM AFRICA IN 2014 (MILLION USD)

India

11,384 Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous

1
minerals, other than crude; preparations not elsewhere specified
or included, containing by weight 70 % or more of petroleum
oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals, these oils
being the basic constituents of the preparations; waste oils
2,476 Medicaments (excluding goods of heading
30.02, 30.05 or 30.06) consisting of mixed or unmixed
products for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, put up
in measured doses (including those in the form of
transdermal administration systems) or in forms or
packings for retail sale

2
1,006 Coconuts, Brazil nuts and
5
cashew nuts, fresh or dried, whether
or not shelled or peeled
1,202 Diamonds, whether or not worked,
but not mounted or set

1,736 Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally

3
designed for the transport of persons (other than those of
heading 87.02), including station wagons and racing cars
1,575 Rice

2,525 Coal; briquettes, ovoids and similar

solid fuels manufactured from coal

3,075 Gold (including gold plated with platinum) 2

unwrought or in semi-manufactured forms, or in
powder form

809 Meat of bovine animals, frozen 5

25,230 Petroleum oils and oils obtained from 1

bituminous minerals, crude

Africa

The top five commodities imported from India by African countries in 2014 were: petroleum
oil and related, rice, medicaments, motor cars and frozen meat of bovine animals.
The top five commodities constitute about 52% of Indias export to Africa in 2014.
Top commodities imported by India from Africa in 2014 were petroleum oils, gold, coal, diamonds,
coconuts and nuts. These commodities constitute 82% of Indias import from Africa.

10

AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

TRADE

FIGURE 9: T
 OP FIVE INDIAS EXPORT AND IMPORT
PARTNERS (MILLION USD)
1. South Africa

5,722

2. Kenya
4,405
3. United Rep. of Tanzania
3,714
4. Egypt
5. Nigeria

1. Nigeria

Africa

India
3,136
2,872

15,663

2. South Africa

5,994

3. Angola
5,642
4. Egypt

1,873

5. Botswana 1,046

South Africa (17% of total), Kenya (13%), Tanzania (11%), Egypt (9%) and Nigeria (8%) were the top
African importers from India in 2014. Meanwhile, the largest exporters from the continent to India
were Nigeria (39% of total), South Africa (15%), Angola (14%), Egypt (5%) and Botswana (3%).

11

1.3.2 MINERAL FUELS AND RELATED PRODUCT TRADE

FIGURE 10: M
 INERAL FUELS AND RELATED PRODUCTS IMPORTED
BY INDIA FROM AFRICA IN 2014 (BILLION USD)

Nigeria

15.501

Angola

5.463

South Africa

2.308

Egypt

1.480

Equatorial Guinea

0.714

Gabon

0.701

Algeria

0.634

Sudan

0.573

Cameroon

0.546

Mozambique

0.236

Guinea

0.222

Congo

0.184

World

India

176.949
15.5

In decreasing order, Nigeria, Angola, South Africa, Egypt and Equatorial Guinea were top mineral
fuels exporters to India in 2014. In the same year, India imported 16% of its mineral fuels needs
from Africa and the top five countries constituted 88% of Africas mineral fuel exports to India.

12

AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

TRADE
FIGURE 11: M
 AIN MINERAL FUELS (NON-CRUDE) IMPORTERS
FROM INDIA IN 2013 (MILLION USD)

37 Nigeria
79 Ghana
143 Namibia
183 Togo

530
Egypt
593
2,696

Mauritius

Tanzania

1,134
Mozambique

2,003
2,374

South Africa

Kenya

13

1.3.3 PHARMACEUTICAL IMPORT/EXPORT OF AFRICA FROM/TO INDIA

FIGURE 12: INDIAS PHARMACEUTICAL EXPORT AND IMPORT
TO AFRICAN COUNTRIES (MILLION USD)

Export
90.1

Zimbabwe

104.1
119.4

Zambia

111.7
127.2

Ethiopia

138.8
144.5

Uganda

153.4
146.9

Ghana
Tanzania

137.8

204.5
230.4
212.6

Kenya

376.4
373.7

Nigeria

432.8

South Africa
0.0
2013

100.0

200.0

300.0

400.0

488.7

500.0

2014

All African countries import pharmaceuticals from India. In 2014 pharmaceutical products
accounted for 2.8 billion USD, or 8% of Indias total exports to Africa. The main export
destinations were South Africa (17% of Indian pharmaceutical exports to Africa), Nigeria
(15%) and Kenya (9%). Overall, Africa is a huge market for Indias pharmaceutical exports:
in 2014, 25% of the total exports of this product group were shipped to Africa.

14

600.0

AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

TRADE

Import

Tanzania

0.03
0.00

Congo

0.05
0.00

Morocco

0.13
0.00

Swaziland

0.18
0.01

Ethiopia

0.17
0.05
3.02

South Africa

3.91
2.98

Egypt

4.62
0.00

0.50

2013

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

4.50

5.00

2014

India is importing much less pharmaceuticals from the world than its exports. In 2014 Africa
represented 0.4% of these imports, mainly thanks to South Africa and Egypt (3 million USD each).

15

1.4 POPULATION OF OVERSEAS INDIANS IN AFRICA

FIGURE 13: POPULATION OF OVERSEAS INDIANS IN AFRICA
Malawi Sudan
10,000 Egypt
Ghana
10,000

Seychelles

Ethiopia DRC
10,015

Angola
Liberia
Libya

Other
11,736
Rwanda

Benin Algeria

Zimbabwe Botswana

Mozambique Madagascar Zambia

21,500
20,000
12,000

Mauritius
891,894

Uganda
27,000

Nigeria
25,000

Kenya
70,000

Tanzania
53,100

South Africa
1,550,000
Persons of Indian Origin
(PIO) proportion
100%
80%
60%
40
20%
0%

As of January 2015, the number of Indians and persons of Indian origin living in Africa
was estimated to be 2.76 million which accounted about 10% of the total number of
overseas Indians and persons of Indian origin. In Africa, most of Indians and persons
of Indian origin were residing in South Africa (56%) and Mauritius (32%).

16

AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

MOBILITY
1.5 STUDENT MOBILITY
FIGURE 14: N
 UMBER OF AFRICAN STUDENTS ATTENDING
INDIAN HIGHER INSTITUTIONS

2,558

2,969

2,369

1,893

1,694

1,818

2,065

5,510

6,022

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2011

2012

=1,000 students

=100 students

=10 students

The number of African students attending Indian tertiary institutions is

on a gradual increase since 2000, exceeding 6,000 in 2012.
Out of 6,022 African students who attended Indian tertiary institutions in 2012,
Sudan, Tanzania, Rwanda and Kenya accounted for more than 50%.

17

FIGURE 15: A
 FRICAN STUDENTS ATTENDING INDIAN
HIGHER INSTITUTIONS IN 2012

6,022

6,000
5,510
5,000

4,000

2,969

3,000

2,369

2,558

2,065

2,000
1,893

Sudan

777

Tanzania

719

Rwanda

491

Kenya

391

Congo

326

Nigeria

305
Mauritius
284 Cte d'Ivoire
275
Uganda

1,818

1,694

1,369

1,000

231

Ethiopia

109
96

South Africa

125

Burundi

61

53
52

39
38

33

29

25
24
22

18
15
14
14
13

12
10

10

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Number of African Students

18

2006

2011

2012

AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

TOURISM
1.6 AFRICAN TOURISTS ARRIVALS TO INDIA
FIGURE 16: T
 OURISTS ARRIVALS FROM AFRICA TO
INDIA BY PURPOSE OF VISIT IN 2013 (%)

18.8
23.9

8.7

Africa Total

14.2

23.2

11.2

Business and Professional

Medical Treatment

Leisure, Holiday & Recreation

Education

Visiting Friends & Relatives

Others

19
0%
Egypt

10%

20%

30%
55.2

40%

50%

60%
14.2

70%

80%

4.6 1.13.1

90%
21.8

100%

FIGURE 17: TOURIST ARRIVALS FROM AFRICA TO INDIA BY

PURPOSE OF VISIT AND COUNTRY IN 2013 (%)

Egypt

Kenya

Mauritius
15%

16%

22%
35%
1%

3%

18%

55%

5%

Nigeria

9%

51%

20%

South Africa

11%
28%

9%

4%
5%
13%

2%

14%

12%

12%
1%
1%

Sudan

27%

25%

17%

13%

8%
6%

6%
4%

42%

9%
46%

Tanzania

Others

14%

26%

35%

17%

18%

29%

Business & Professional

Leisure, Holiday & Recreation
Visiting Friends & Relatives

16%

Medical Treatment
Education

11%
12%
19%

14%

14%
10%

20

Others

AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

TOURISM
FIGURE 18: TOURISTS ARRIVALS FROM AFRICA TO INDIA

80,000
73,396
70,000
58,430

60,000
55,688

51,608

50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000

23,893
21,672
17,645
8,017
7,418
2010

36,762
34,037

33,537
30,045

25,013
21,862

22,091
19,470

10,571

8,791
8,414
2011

Others

58,023

South Africa

40,484

Kenya

34,522

Nigeria

27,418
23,345

Mauritius
Tanzania

15,062

Egypt

8,778

Sudan

50,161

40,969

29,223

67,639

9,626
2012

21

2013

2. COMPARISON INDICATORS

22

AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

POPULATION STATISTICS
2.1 POPULATION AND LABOUR FORCE
FIGURE 19: MID-YEAR POPULATION (MILLION)

3.000

2.500
Africa
2.000

1.500

India

1.000

500

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2020

2025

2030

2050

Africa

477.97

550.03

631.61

720.42

814.06

920.24 1,044.11 1,186.18 1,340.10 1,504.21 1,679.30 2,477.54

India

697.23

782.09

870.60

960.88 1,053.48 1,144.33 1,230.99 1,311.05 1,388.86 1,461.63 1,527.66 1,705.33

Over the last three decades, both India and Africa have experienced a rapid increase in their
population. Africa has doubled its population between 1980 and 2010, and India is expect to do
so by 2020. However, the population of Africa is expected to surpass that of India, by 2023.

23

FIGURE 20: BASIC DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS

TOTAL POPULATION (000)
INDIA

AFRICA

3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
-

Sex Ratio
(Males: Females)
AGE STRUCTURE

1950

2015

2050

105.399

107.608

105.384

0.022

0.038

0.589

0.389

0.318
0.645

0.137 0.191

2015

2050

98.637

100.123

100.508

0.021

0.024

0.059
0.322
0.619

0.563

0.671

Young (0-14) (% of total)

1950

0.416

Adult (% of total)

0.553

0.422

Old (% of total)

DEPENDENCY RATIO
Total Dependency
Ratio (%)

0.684

0.524

0.490

0.804

0.801

0.615

Young Dependency
Ratio (%)

0.631

0.439

0.285

0.746

0.738

0.520

Old Dependency
Ratio (%)

0.078

0.119

0.257

0.089

0.097

0.135

24

India

Africa

<1

24.3

39.2

<5

123.7

AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES

2015
1,000

POPULATION
STATISTICS
185.2

5-14
253.7(MILLION)
FIGURE
21: AGE GROUPS

500

250

15-24
<1

India
241.5
24.3

300.8
Africa
229.6
39.2

15-49
<5

702.0
123.7

570.0
185.2

15-64
5-14

860.0
253.7

658.7
300.8

500
50

15 or over
15-24

933.6
241.5

700.2
229.6

25

65 or over
15-49

73.6
702.0

41.5
570.0

0
250

15-64

860.0

658.7

15 or over

933.6

700.2

65 or over

73.6

41.5

1,000

50
25
0

FIGURE 22: POPULATION STRUCTURE

Age
India
100
90
80
70
Male
60
50
India
40Age
100
30
90
20
80
10
700
Male
60
5%
0%
50
Children Ages 0-14
40
1500
Adult Ages 15-64
30
Old Ages 65+
20
1000
10
0
500

1000

1950
2015
2100
Female

1950
2015
2100
Female
5%

5%
0%
Children Ages 0-14
Adult Ages 15-642015
Old Ages 65+

1500
0
1950

2000

Age
100
90
80
70
60
50
40Age
100
30
90
20
80
10
700
60
50
4000
40
30
3000
20
10
20000

2100

25
500

1950
2015
2100
Male

Female
Africa
1950
2015
2100

Male
5%

Female
0%

2000
1000

5%

Children Ages 0-14

Adult Ages 15-64
Old Ages 65+

5%
0%
1000
Children Ages 0-14
4000
Adult Ages 15-642015
0
Old Ages 65+
3000 1950
2000

5%

2050

Africa

5%

2050

2100

FIGURE 23: URBAN POPULATION (%)

60%
50%
40%

Africa
India

30%

World

20%
10%
0%

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2050

FIGURE 24: AFRICA AND INDIA LABOUR FORCE (MILLION)

500
400
300

India
Africa

200
100
-

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013p2014p

Between 1950 and 2015, the total population of Africa increased by 418% while that of India
and the World increased by 248% and 191%, respectively. Furthermore, Africas population is
expected to more than double in 2050 as compared to the current population. During the same
period the population of India and the World will increase by only 30% and 32% respectively.
In 2050 the population of Africa will account for a quarter of the world population, while the
population of Africa and India together will account for 43% of the world population.
With the decline in fertility, the proportion of children in Africa is expected to decrease from
42.2% to 32.2% between 2015 and 2050. Similarly, in India the proportion of children
will decrease from 31.8% to 19.1%. The proportion of old age population is expected
to increase by 3.5 and 9.9 percentage points in Africa and India respectively.

26

AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

POPULATION STATISTICS
FIGURE 25: OVERALL UNEMPLOYMENT (%)
Total unemployment rate (%)

10.000
8.000
6.000
4.000
-

1991

1995

2000

2005

2010

2014p

Youth unemployment rate (%)

16.000

World (%)
World: Male (%)
World: Female (%)

14.000
12.000

Africa (%)
Africa: Male (%)
Africa: Female (%)

10.000
8.000
-

1991

1995

2000

2005

2010

2014p

India (%)
India: Male (%)
India: Female (%)

Adult unemployment rate (%)

8.000
7.000
6.000
5.000
4.000
3.000
2.000
-

1991

1995

2000

2005

2010

2014p

The total unemployment rate in Africa varied between 8.1% and 9.8% during the years 1990 to
2014. On the other hand, in India the unemployment rate was between 3.5% and 4.3% during the
same period. In both Africa and India, youth unemployment was higher than adult unemployment.
Moreover, the unemployment rate of females was more than that of their male counterparts.

27

2.2 EDUCATION
FIGURE 26: GROSS ENROLMENT RATIO IN PRIMARY
AND SECONDARY EDUCATION
PRIMARY EDUCATION
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
120
100
80
-

SECONDARY EDUCATION
70
60
50
40
30
Gross enrolment ratio
Africa
Africa (male)
Africa (female)

India
India (male)
India (female)

Between 2000 and 2012, both Africa and India have improved their gross enrolment ratios in
primary education. As is shown in Table 18, the gross enrolment ratio in primary education has risen
consistently from 2000 to 2008 and has exceeded 100% in India between 2003 and 2011, and in
Africa between 2009 and 2012. In Africa, the gross enrolment ratio of males in primary education
was higher than the females. On the other hand, in India there has not been much difference
between the gross enrolment ratios of males and females, especially during the recent years.
The gross enrollment ratios in secondary education continue to be lower in
both Africa and India, with around 47% and 69% respectively.

28

AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

EDUCATION STATISTICS
2.2.1 LITERACY RATE
FIGURE 27: LITERACY RATE
YOUTH LITERACY RATE, POPULATION 15-24 YEARS, BOTH SEXES (%)
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
70.6

70.6

70.6

70.6

70.6

70.6

72.8

72.8

72.8

72.8

72.8

72.8

72.8

72.8

..

..

..

..

..

76.4

..

..

..

..

81.1

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

90.2

87.3

87.3

87.3

87.3

87.3

87.3

89.4

89.4

89.4

89.4

89.4

89.4

89.4

89.4

..

..

..

ADULT LITERACY RATE, POPULATION 15+ YEARS, BOTH SEXES (%)

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
58.1

58.1

58.1

58.1

58.1

58.1

62.0

62.0

62.0

62.0

62.0

62.0

62.0

62.0

..

..

..

..

..

61.0

..

..

..

..

62.8

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

71.2

81.9

81.9

81.9

81.9

81.9

81.9

84.3

84.3

84.3

84.3

84.3

84.3

84.3

84.3

..

..

..

Africa

India

World

29

2.2.2 PUPIL-TEACHER RATIO

FIGURE 28: TEACHER-PUPIL RATIO 2000-2012
Primary School
Africa

Primary School
India

Secondary School
Africa

Secondary School
India

38:1

40:1

22:1

30:1

2.3 RESEARCH OUTPUTS

FIGURE 29: RESEARCH OUTPUTS
2013

38,794

16,040

2012

36,433

16,297

2011

35,166

16,543

India
Africa

2010

32,552

15,507

2009

30,558

14,753

1,000

2,000

3,000

30

4,000

5,000

6,000

AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

HEALTH STATISTICS
2.4 HEALTH
2.4.1 MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO
FIGURE 30: MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO

(PER 100,000 LIVE BIRTHS)

1000
900
800
700
600
Africa
India
World

500
400
300
200
100
0

1990

1995

2000

2005

2013

Maternal mortality ratio decreased in both Africa and India between 1990 and 2013.
However, the pace of decline was moderate in Africa while India has recorded a
rapid decline with its maternal mortality ratio falling below the world average.

31

2.4.2 CHILD MORTALITY

FIGURE 31: UNDER-FIVE, INFANT AND NEONATAL
MORTALITY RATES (PER 1,000 LIVE BIRTHS)

180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0

1990 2000 2010 2013

1990 2000 2010 2013

1990 2000 2010 2013

Infant Mortality Rate

(per 1000 live births)

Neo natal Mortality Rate

(per 1000 live births)

Under-five Mortality Rate

(per 1000 live births)

World

India

Africa

Between 1990 and 2013, Africa has reduced neonatal mortality, infant mortality and under-five
mortality rates by 31.1%, 43.4% and 48.9%, respectively. In India, the percentage decline of the
mortality rates for the same period were 43.1%, 53.4% and 57.4%. In 1990, neonatal mortality rate
in India (51 per 1,000 live births) was higher than Africa (45 per 1,000 live births). However, by 2013
India had lower neonatal mortality rate (29 per 1,000 live births) than Africa (31 per 1,000 live births).

32

AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

HEALTH STATISTICS
2.4.3 IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE AMONG 1-YEAR-OLD
FIGURE 32: IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE AMONG 1-YEAR-OLD (%)

100

80

60

40

20

0
1990 -2013

1990 -2013

1990 -2013

MCV

BCG

DTP3

Global

India

Africa

There has been an improvement in immunization coverage in both Africa and

India in 2013 when compared with 2000. However, the immunization coverage
in Africa and India have been lower than the world average. Africa needs to
improve immunization coverage, in particular in DTP3 and MCV areas.

33

2.4.4 PREVALENCE OF UNDERNOURISHMENT

FIGURE 33: PREVALENCE OF UNDERNOURISHMENT
IN TOTAL POPULATION (%)

CHILDREN AGED <5 YEARS UNDERWEIGHT (MODERATE AND SEVERE) (%)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008-2012

AFRICA

34.3

31.9

29.7

27.5

24.6

INDIA

59.5

N.A.

53

40.3

42.5

GLOBAL

24.9

22.6

20.6

18.3

15.1

CHILDREN AGED <5 YEARS STUNT (MODERATE AND SEVERE) (%)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2008-2012

AFRICA

49.7

47.4

45.2

42.9

39.9

INDIA

66.2

N.A.

52

44.3

48.0

GLOBAL

39.8

35.9

32.6

29.3

24.7

There was a decrease of the percentage of underweight children in Africa and India
between 1990 and 2012. Africa has relatively small percentage of underweight
children when compared with India. However, both Africa and India have high
proportion of underweight children when compared with the world average.

34

AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

HEALTH STATISTICS
FIGURE 34: CHILDREN AGED <5 YEARS UNDERWEIGHT
(MODERATE AND SEVERE) (%)
Africa

India

1990
2012

3:10

4:10

2:10

6:10

FIGURE 35: C
 HILDREN AGED <5 YEARS STUNT
(MODERATE AND SEVERE) (%)
Africa

5:10

4:10

India

1990
2012
7:10

5:10

In Africa the percentage of stunting has decreased from 50% in 1990 to 40% in 2012,
while the decrease in India during the same period was from 66% to 48%.

35

2.4.5 ACCESS TO IMPROVED DRINKING WATER

FIGURE 36: PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION WITH
IMPROVED DRINKING WATER SOURCES

1990

2000

2012

AFRICA

55.4

56.9

71.8

INDIA

70.5

80.6

94.1

WORLD

76.4

82.5

90.9

With improved sources

Without improved sources

Both Africa and India have shown progress in securing access to improved drinking
water source. However, having access to improved drinking water source remains a big
challenge in Africa, where only 71.8% of the population has access to improved drinking
water in 2015. On the other hand, in 2015 the percentage of Indian population that has
access to improved water source was 94.1%, which exceeded the world average.

36

AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

HEALTH STATISTICS
2.4.6 IMPROVED SANITATION FACILITIES
FIGURE 37: IMPROVED SANITATION FACILITIES IN 2015 (%)

AFRICA

39.0

INDIA

39.6

WORLD

67.6

With improved facilities

Without improved facilities

Between 1990 and 2015, the percentage of population using improved sanitation facilities in
Africa increased from 33% to 39%, while in India in India it increased from 17% to 40%.

37

2.5 GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT

2.5.1 GDP PER CAPITA BY COUNTRY
FIGURE 38: PER-CAPITA GDP OF TOP AND BOTTOM THREE
AFRICAN COUNTRIES AND INDIA IN 2014 (USD)

21'629

Equatorial Guinea

15'540

Seychelles

11'805

Gabon

363

Central African Republic

354

Malawi

270

Burundi

2'163
Africa
(average)

Over the last ten years Africa, as a continent, has had higher GDP per capita
than India. Africas GDP per capita was 33% higher in 2014. 21 African countries
had higher GDP per capita than India, and 33 had lower figures.

38

1'631
India

AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

ECONOMIC STATISTICS
FIGURE 39: PER-CAPITA GDP (USD)

GDP per capita of Africa and India

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Africa
India

39

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2.5.2 GDP GROWTH RATE

FIGURE 40: ANNUAL GDP GROWTH RATE (%)

12

10

0
2007

2007

2008

2009

2010

Africa

2011
India

Between 2006 and 2014, India had an average annual GDP growth rate
of 7.5% while Africa grew by 4.8% annually on average.

40

2012

2013

2014

AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

ECONOMIC STATISTICS
2.5.3 CONTRIBUTION OF SECTORS TO GDP
FIGURE 41: CONTRIBUTION OF SECTORS TO GDP (%)
AGRICULTURE

INDUSTRY

SERVICE

2005

2012

2013

2005

2012

2013

2005

2012

2013

Africa

15.2

15.5

15.6

38.8

35.1

34.4

46.1

49.3

49.9

India

19

18

18.2

28

26

24.8

53

56

57

FIGURE 42: STRUCTURE OF OUTPUT (%)

Africa

India

15

19

46

2005

53
28

39

18

16

2013

50

57

34

Agriculture

Industry

25

Services

While the size of agriculture in the economy is fairly similar in Africa (15.6% of GDP
in 2013) and India (18.2%), the importance of the secondary and tertiary sectors are
slightly different. The services sectors is by far the largest in both cases, but in Africa
it accounts for 49.9% of the economy, while in India it gives 57% of the GDP.

41

2.6 AGRICULTURE AND FOOD PRODUCTION

2.6.1 PER CAPITA FOOD PRODUCTION
FIGURE 43: FOOD PER CAPITA NET PRODUCTION
INDEX (BASE YEAR 2004-2006)

140
2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

India

99.2

100.1

103.8

111.5

112.4

108.4

115.4

121.1

122.2

124.9

Africa

92.4

99.8

101.9

98.4

102.3

101.2

104.1

102.3

104.8

105.9

120

100

80

Food production in India and Africa is on the increasing trend from 2000, reaching
Food per capita Net Production index value 125
Source:
and 106
FAO respectively in 2013.

42

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Sugar cane

AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

Rice, paddy

ECONOMIC STATISTICS

Wheat

2.6.2 KEY CROPS

PRODUCED IN INDIA AND AFRICA
Potatoes
FIGURE 44: TOP CROPS PRODUCED BY INDIA AND AFRICA
TOP 9 CROPS PRODUCED BY AFRICA (MILLIONS OF TONS) IN 2013
0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

300

350

400

Figure 44 show similarity in key crop production composition between India and Africa.
Top 4 crops (2013) of India can be all found in the top 9 crop list (2013) of Africa with
250respectively.
300
350
sugar cane being ranked at0 the first50and the100
second150
in India 200
and Africa

400

Cassava (40 countries)

Sugar cane (40 countries)
Maize (50 countries)
Yams (25 countries)
Potatoes (40 countries)
Rice, paddy (43 countries)
Plantains (19 countries)
Wheat (33 countries)
Sorghum (43 countries)

TOP 4 CROPS PRODUCED BY INDIA (MILLIONS OF TONS) IN 2013

0

50

100

150

200

250

Sugar cane
Rice, paddy
Wheat
Potatoes

Cassava (40 countries)

Sugar cane (40 countries)

43

2.6.3 AREA UNDER CULTIVATION

FIGURE 45: ARABLE LAND (% OF LAND AREA) OF INDIA
AND TOP FIVE AFRICAN COUNTRIES
ARABLE LAND (% OF LAND AREA), SORTED BY 2012 VALUES

India

60.0

55.0

55.0
50.0

54.1

53.4

50.0

52.5

45.0

45.0
40.0

40.0

35.0

35.0

30.0

30.0

46.0 43.2

42.7

45.2

42.5 43.0

48.7

38.6 38.6

25.0

25.0

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12

Rwanda

60.0

55.0

50.0

50.0

45.0

45.2 44.3 45.4 44.2

40.0

45.0

47.9

46.3

47.3
43.0

40.0

40.5

35.0

35.0

30.0

30.0

25.0

25.0
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12

43.0

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12

Gambia

60.0

Comoros

60.0

55.0

Burundi

60.0

55.0

55.0

50.0

50.0
45.0

45.0
44.5

40.0

43.5

40.0
35.0

35.0
30.0
25.0

Togo

60.0

27.7

31.6

30.6
27.7

32.6

37.4

30.0

29.0 29.9

42.8

38.6

37.0
33.1

25.0

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12

In 2012, more than 50% of land is arable in India while only

three countries in Africa were close to that level.

44

AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

ECONOMIC STATISTICS
2.7 ELECTRICITY
2.7.1 TOTAL ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION
FIGURE 46: TOTAL ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION (BILLION KWHS)

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

0
2008

2009

2010
Africa

2011
India

45

2012

2.7.2 TOTAL THERMAL PRODUCTION

FIGURE 47: TOTAL THERMAL PRODUCTION (BILLION KWHS)
India

760.4

535.2

708.8

552.9

Africa

2011

2012

2.7.3 TOTAL HYDRO PRODUCTION

FIGURE 48: HYDROELECTRICITY NET GENERATION
(BILLION KWHS)
115

110

105
Africa
India

100

95

90
2008

2009

2010

2011

46

2012

AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

ECONOMIC STATISTICS
2.7.4 ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION
FIGURE 49: T
 OTAL ELECTRICITY NET
CONSUMPTION (BILLION KWHS)

1,000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0

2008

2009

2010
Africa

2011
India

Total electricity consumption of India increased 40% from 2008 (621 billion
KWHs) to 2012 (865 billion KWHs). During the same period, Africas electricity
consumption increased 14% from 523 billion KWHs to 597 billion KWHs.

47

2012

2.8 OIL RESERVES

FIGURE 50: C
 RUDE OIL PROVED RESERVES IN AFRICA
AND INDIA (MILLION BARRELS)
5,476
130,000
5,682

India
127,739

125,000

5,625

123,609

120,000
119,114
Africa
2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

FIGURE 51: C
 RUDE OIL PROVED RESERVES OF COUNTRIES
OUT OF TOTAL 127 BILLION OF BARRELS IN 2014
10%

15%

Algeria

Others

8%

Angola

30%

Nigeria
38%

Libya

Proved crude oil reserves of Africa is 20 times larger than that of India. In 2014, Libya (38%), Nigeria
(30%), Algeria (10%) and Angola (8%) accounted for about 85% of the total oil reserves in Africa.

48

AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

ECONOMIC STATISTICS
2.9 FINANCIAL SECTOR
2.9.1 CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE
FIGURE 52: CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE (AS % OF GDP)

1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6

2010

2011

2012

Africa

2013

India

Over the recent years, both Africa and India had their current account balance
in deficit. While Africas deficit has been worsening from 0.2% of GDP in 2010 to
-3.7% in 2014, Indias had been improving from -3.2% of GDP to -1.5%.

49

2014

2.9.2 DEBT
FIGURE 53: EXTERNAL DEBT (AS % OF GDP)

India

ce

Servi

65

rvice

a Se
Afric

60
55
50

tstading

India Ou

45
40
35
30
25

nding

Africa Outsta

20
-

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Debt outstanding (as % of GDP)

Africa

21.9

20.1

20.3

20.7

21.6

23.1

India

18.7

18.6

19.2

22.0

23.5

24.2

12.2

14.5

5.7

5.3

Africa

13.5

9.1

India

9.7

4.7

Debt service (as % of exports)

10.3
10.9
5.1

5.6

Africa, as a continent, and India had both relatively moderate levels of external debt in the
recent years, although debt levels have started to increase since 2013. In 2014, debt to GDP
ratio was less than 25%, while deb to export ratio was less than 15% in both cases.

50

AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

ECONOMIC STATISTICS
2.9.3 INTERNATIONAL RESERVES INCLUDING GOLD
FIGURE 54: INTERNATIONAL RESERVES IN BILLION
USD AT CURRENT PRICE

1,000

800

600
Africa
India
400

200

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Africa and India has been both accumulating important international reserves since
2000, reaching 506 billion USD in the whole of Africa and 304 billion USD in India.

51

2.10 PUBLIC FINANCE

FIGURE 55: CAPITAL EXPENDITURE (BILLION USD)

2,000
62.2
1,800
65
1,600

1,400

1,200

1,000

66.8

1,836.2
1,656.8

800
49.1
600

38.8
922.6

400
580.4

653.7

200

0
2009

2010

2011
Africa

2012

2013

India

While Indias capital expenditure per year was almost stationary between 2009 and 2013, Africas
yearly capital expenditures more than tripled from 580 million USD in 2009 to 1.8 billion USD in 2013.

52

AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

ECONOMIC STATISTICS
FIGURE 56: FISCAL BALANCE (BILLION USD)
2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

-903.7

-913.7

2013

-307.8
-200

-387.9
-562.9

-54.5
-400
-108.6

-1,069.5
-600

-137.3

-800

-151.3

-1,000

-143.7

-130.8
-1,200

-1400
Africa

India

Both Africa and India have been running fiscal deficits in recent years. While Indias
fiscal deficit has been moving around 100-150 billion USD between 2009 and 2013,
Africa increased its fiscal deficit to over 1 trillion USD in the same period.

53

FIGURE 57: INCOME TAX (BILLION USD)

2013

269.1

4,870.5

2012

4,234.7

2011

4,155.4

2010

266.9
268.1

201.6

2,242.4

2008

218.3

2,997
0

India

208.9

3,039.5

2009

Africa

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

FIGURE 58: NON-TAX REVENUE (BILLION USD)

2013

48.6

277.2

2012

46.3

191.8

2011

48.7

362.9

2010

39

183.1

2008

52.8

201.4
0

50

100

India

45.8

286.5

2009

Africa

150

200

250

300

350

400

Income tax revenues in India increased by 23% between 2008 and 2013,
from 218 billion USD to 269 billion USD. In the meantime, Africas income tax
revenues increased by 63% from almost 3 trillion to 4.9 trillion USD.
Non-tax revenues in India stayed stable in the recent years around 50
billion USD per year. In the meantime, Africas non-tax revenues had a
sharp spike in 2010-11 and reached 277 billion USD in 2013.

54

450

AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

ECONOMIC STATISTICS
2.11 TOURISM
FIGURE 59: TOP 15 ARRIVALS TO INDIA AND AFRICA

Top 15 Arrivals to India

2010
2011
U.S.A.
931,292
980,688
U.K.
759,494
798,249
Bangladesh
431,962
463,543
Sri Lanka
266,515
305,853
Canada
242,372
259,017
Germany
227,720
240,235
France
225,232
231,423
Malaysia
179,077
208,196
Japan
168,019
193,525
Australia
169,647
192,592
Russian Fed.
122,048
144,312
China (Main)
119,530
142,218
Singapore
107,487
119,022
Nepal
104,374
119,131
Rep. of Korea
95,587
108,680
Grand Total
5.775,692 6.309,222

Top 15 Arrivals to Africa

2010
2011
France
4.987,706 4.027,366
U.K.
3.259,861 2.871,006
Russian Federation3.144,361 2.073,920
Germany
2.697,802 2,.118,604
Italy
2.225,197 1.266,668
USA
1.292,704 1.157,598
Spain
1.122,194
874,271
Belgium
738,953
717,590
Netherlands
779,778
672,765
China
406,772
593,402
India
412,610
549,076
Switzerland
486,423
389,598
Saudi Arabia
457,614
292,331
Canada
349,461
299,631
Austria
400,048
320,283
Grand Total
25.126,314 19.958,155

2012
1.039,947
788,170
487,397
296,983
256,021
254,783
240,674
195,853
220,015
202,105
177,526
168,952
131,452
125,375
109,469
6.321,745

2013
1.085,309
809,444
524,923
262,345
255,222
252,003
248,379
242,649
220,283
218,967
259,120
174,712
143,025
113,790
112,619
6.967,601

2012
2013
4.208,476 3.682,183
2.987,258 2.987,960
2.880,353 2.803,753
2.552,197 1.982,892
1.500,583 1.307,558
1.529,231 1.383,263
951,270
845,888
765,376
714,712
772,804
703,106
708,440
590,654
559,486
467,745
444,241
383,872
351,709
321,660
355,337
346,917
314,410
256,634
22.948,954 20.579,320

55

500,000

1000,000 1500,000

500,000 1000,000 1500,000 2000,000 2500,000 3000,000 3500,000

2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
80.0 INFORMATION SOCIETY
2.12
2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2013

2014

80.0
70.0 MOBILE SUBSCRIPTION & INTERNET PENETRATION
2.12.1

70.0
60.0
FIGURE
60: MOBILE SUBSCRIPTIONS AND

INTERNET USERS (PER 100 INHABITANTS)
60.0
50.0
80.0
50.0
40.0
70.0
40.0
30.0
60.0
30.0
20.0
50.0
20.0
10.0
40.0
10.0
0.0
30.0
0.0

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

20.0
10.0
0.0

FIGURE 61: MOBILE SUBSCRIPTIONS (PER 100 INHABITANTS)

Africa

12.4

17.8

23.5

32.2

38.0

45.4

52.3

58.9

65.6

71.2

India
Africa

8.0
12.4

14.5
17.8

20.2
23.5

29.5
32.2

44.1
38.0

62.4
45.4

73.2
52.3

69.9
58.9

70.8
65.6

74.5
71.2

India

8.0

14.5

20.2

29.5

44.1

62.4

73.2

69.9

70.8

74.5

FIGURE 62: INTERNET USERS (PER 100 INHABITANTS)

Africa

12.4

17.8

23.5

32.2

38.0

45.4

52.3

58.9

65.6

71.2

India
Africa

8.0
2.4

14.5
3.3

20.2
3.9

29.5
5.9

44.1
7.3

62.4
9.8

73.2
12.6

69.9
14.4

70.8
16.7

74.5
18.9

India
Africa

2.4
2.4

2.8
3.3

4.0
3.9

4.4
5.9

5.1
7.3

7.5
9.8

10.1
12.6

12.6
14.4

15.1
16.7

18.0
18.9

India

2.4

2.8

4.0

4.4

5.1

7.5

10.1

12.6

15.1

18.0

Africa
3.3 rate has
3.9 leaped5.9
7.3 over past
9.8 10 years
12.6 in both
14.4
The
mobile 2.4
subscription
significantly
Africa
subscription
per 100 7.5
inhabitants
in
India and India.
2.4 In 2005,
2.8 the mobile
4.0
4.4
5.1
10.1was 8%
12.6
India and 12.4% in Africa but the rate had jumped to over 70% in 2014.

16.7

18.9

15.1

18.0

The Internet penetration rate also improved over the last decade increasing
from 2.4% in 2005 to 18% in 2014 both in India and Africa.

56

AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

SOURCE LIST
S O U R CE

FI G URE S

IMF

1, 2, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58

Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India

3, 4, 5

Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs, Government of India

13

UN Comtrade

6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12

US Energy information

11, 49, 50, 51

UNESCO

14, 15, 26, 27, 28, 29

Ministry of Tourism, Government of India

16, 17, 18, 59

World Population Prospects

19, 20, 21, 22

World Urbanization Prospects

23

ILO

24, 25

Trends in Maternal Mortality Report (WHO,

UNICEF, UNFPA and World Bank)

30

Levels and Trends in Child Mortality Report

(UNICEF, WHO, World Bank and UN)

31

WHO

32, 33, 34, 35

Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) for Water Supply

and Sanitation (WHO and UNICEF)

36, 37

African Statistical Yearbook

38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 52, 53

World Bank

38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 45, 54

FAO

43, 44

UNDATA

46, 47, 48

WTO

59

ITU

60, 61, 62

57

FIGURE LIST
Figure 1:  Outward FDI stocks of India in Africa (billion usd)
Figure 2: Africa FDI stocks in India (billion usd)
Figure 3: Lines of credit by sectors (%)
Figure 4: Pan Africa e-Network
Figure 5: Financial assistance for fight against Ebola
Figure 6: Total trade of India to Africa and the world as reported by India (billion usd)
Figure 7: Trade flows of India and other major partners with Africa
from 2010 to 2014 (billion usd)
Figure 8: Top five import/export commodities by India to/from Africa in 2014 (million usd)
Figure 9: Top five Indias export and import partners (million usd)
Figure 10: Mineral fuels and related products imported by India from Africa in 2014 (billion usd)
Figure 11: Main mineral fuels (non-crude) importers from India in 2013 (million usd)
Figure 12: Indias pharmaceutical export and import to Africa countries (million usd)
Figure 13: Population of Indians in Africa
Figure 14: Number of African students attending Indian higher institutions
Figure 15: African students attending Indian higher institutions in 2012
Figure 16: Tourists arrivals from Africa to India by purpose of visit in 2013 (%)
Figure 17: Tourists arrivals from Africa to India by purpose of visit and country in 2013 (%)
Figure 18: Tourists arrivals from Africa to India
Figure 19: Mid-year population (million)
Figure 20: Basic demographic characteristics
Figure 21: Age groups (million)
Figure 22: Population structure
Figure 23: Urban population (%)
Figure 24: Africa and India labour force (million)
Figure 25: Overall unemployment (%)
Figure 26: Gross enrolment ratio in primary and secondary education
Figure 27: Literacy rate
Figure 28: Teacher-pupil ratio 2000-2012
Figure 29: Research outputs
Figure 30: Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)
Figure 31: Under-five, infant and neonatal mortality rates (per 1,000 live births)
Figure 32: Immunization coverage among 1-year-old (%)

58

2
3
4
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
17
18
19
20
21
23
24
25
25
26
26
27
28
29
30
30
31
32
33

AFRICA-INDIA: FACTS & FIGURES 2015

Figure 33: Prevalence of undernourishment in total population (%)

Figure 34: Children aged <5 years underweight (moderate and severe) (%)
Figure 35: Children aged <5 years stunt (moderate and severe) (%)
Figure 36: Percentage of population with improved drinking water sources
Figure 37: Improved sanitation facilities in 2015 (%)
Figure 38: Per-capita GDP of top and bottom three African countries and India in 2014 (usd)
Figure 39: Per-capita GDP (usd)
Figure 40: Annual GDP growth rate (%)
Figure 41: Contribution of sectors to GDP (%)
Figure 42: Structure of output (%)
Figure 43: Food per capita net production index (base year 2004-2006)
Figure 44: Top crops produced by India and Africa
Figure 45: Arable land (% of land area) of India and top five African countries
Figure 46: Total electricity production (billion kwhs)
Figure 47: Total thermal production (billion kwhs)
Figure 48: Hydroelectricity net generation (billion kwhs)
Figure 49: Total electricity net consumption (billion kwhs)
Figure 50: Crude oil proved reserves in Africa and India (million barrels)
Figure 51: Crude oil proved reserves of counties out of total 127 billion of barrels in 2014
Figure 52: Current account balance (as % of GDP)
Figure 53: External debt (as % of GDP)
Figure 54: International reserves in billion usd at current price
Figure 55: Capital expenditure (billion usd)
Figure 56: Fiscal balance (billion usd)
Figure 57: Income tax (billion usd)
Figure 58: Non-tax revenue (billion usd)
Figure 59: Top 15 arrivals to India and Africa
Figure 60: Mobile subscriptions and Internet users (per 100 inhabitants)
Figure 61: Mobile subscriptions (per 100 inhabitants)
Figure 62: Internet users (per 100 inhabitants)

59

34
35
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
41
42
43
44
45
46
46
47
48
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
54
55
56
56
56

60