UZBEKISTAN

TERMS & CONDITIONS MEET OUR LEADERS

1. RESERVATIONS: 25% of the expedition fare,
along with a completed and signed Reservation Form,
will reserve a place for you on this Eco-Expeditions
(ECO) program. The balance of the expedition fare
is due 120 days prior to departure. Air fare is also due
at this time. All prices are quoted in U.S. dollars and
must be paid in U.S. dollars. Credit cards accepted for
deposit only.
If a trip must be delayed, or the itinerary changed due
to bad weather, road conditions, transportation delays,
GARY WINTZ (MAY DEPARTURE) –
airline schedules, government intervention, sickness, Gary Wintz graduated cum laude from Duns Scotus
College in Michigan with a degree in philosophy. He has
INDEPENDENCE OF THE ’STANS
or any other contingency for which ECO or its agents
cannot make provision, the cost of delays or changes is
not included. spent most of the past 30 years outside the US researching,
9. ITINERARY CANCELLATION: ECO reserves
writing, photographing, and lecturing about distant lands
the right to cancel an itinerary before departure for any and cultures, and has traveled to over 215 countries and The largest of the Five ’Stans, Kazakhstan is a country of steppes landscaped with vast
plains and hilly plateaus crisscrossed by rivers and lakes, including the Aral Sea, within its

2. CANCELLATION AND REFUND POLICY:
Notification of cancellation of this program and any
independent travel arrangements must be received in
writing by ECO. At the time we receive your written
cancellation, the following penalties will apply:
• 120 or more days prior to departure: $300 per person
• 60 through 119 days prior to departure: 50% of
expedition fare
• 59 days prior to departure through day of departure:
100% of expedition fare
Some air fare may be nonrefundable. Once an expedi-
tion has departed, there will be no refunds from ECO
for any unused portions of the trip. The above policy
also applies to all extensions and independent travel
arrangements made in conjunction with this program.
3. TRIP CANCELLATION AND INTERRUP-
TION INSURANCE: We strongly advise that all
travelers purchase trip cancellation and interruption
insurance as protection against an emergency that may
force you to cancel or leave from an expedition while it
is in progress. A brochure describing coverage will be
sent to you upon receipt of your reservation.
4. SHARE POLICY: Accommodations on all ECO
programs are based on double occupancy. If you are
traveling alone and wish to share accommodations,
a roommate will be assigned to you whenever pos-
sible. When pairing roommates, we will always pair
participants of the same sex. All shared accommoda-
tions are nonsmoking. If it is not possible to pair you
reason whatsoever, including too few participants or
logistical problems such as strikes, wars, acts of God,
or any other circumstances that may make operation
of the trip inadvisable. All trip payments received will
be promptly refunded, and this refund will be the
limit of ECO’s liability. ECO is not responsible for any
expenses incurred by trip members in preparing for
the trip, including nonrefundable or penalty-carrying
airline tickets, special clothing, visa or passport fees, or
other trip-related expenses.
10. PARTICIPATION: ECO reserves the right
to decline to accept any individual as an expedition
member for any reason whatsoever.
11. LIMITATIONS OF LIABILIT Y: This section
defines ECO’s responsibility with respect to all of our
trips, including extensions and independent arrange-
ments. Please read it carefully.
ECO, its Owners, Agents, and Employees give notice
that they act only as the agent for the owners, contrac-
tors, and suppliers providing means of transportation
and/or all other related travel services and assume no
responsibility howsoever caused for injury, loss, or
damage to person or property in connection with any
service resulting directly from: acts of God, detention,
annoyance, delays, expenses arising from quarantine,
strikes, thefts, pilferage, force majeure, failure of any
means of conveyance to arrive or depart as scheduled,
civil disturbances, terrorism, government restrictions or
regulations, and discrepancies or changes in transit or
hotel services over which it has no control. Reasonable
changes in the itinerary may be made where deemed
territories. Gary has worked on humanitarian projects
throughout Asia, and has contributed his expertise to devel-
opment projects in Ethiopia for UNICEF. In 1981 he taught
as a foreign expert at Chengdu University of Science and
Technology in Sichuan Province in China. In 1982 he was employed by Tibet University
in Lhasa, thus becoming one of the first Westerners to actually reside in Tibet since the
communist Chinese occupation. Gary has met with His Holiness the Dalai Lama many
times. Since 1987 Gary has worked as a consultant with development organizations and
for media projects throughout Southeast Asia, and has lectured on contemporary issues
at various institutions, including Harvard, Yale, and the World Affairs Council. He is a
longtime member of the Association of Asian Studies, the Central Eurasian Studies
Society, and the American Institute of Afghanistan Studies. Gary continues to lead
travelers regularly into inner Asia as well as Central Asia.
RON WIXMAN (SEPTEMBER DEPARTURE) –
Professor Ron Wixman, a specialist in world cultural geog-
raphy, is well versed in both the ancient and modern societies
of the Mediterranean, Eastern Europe, Japan, Southeast
Asia, Central Asia, and the Middle East. Ron is conversant
in several languages, including Croatian and Bulgarian. For
20 years, he spent the summers living in shepherds’ villages
in the Balkans. His extensive knowledge of the region has
led to his work as a consultant to the State Department and
Cover photos: Ashgabat mosque, Turkmenistan © Gary Wintz; on bottom, top photos - Uzbekistan © Gary Wintz; lower photos - Samarkand; Ashgabat market © Edith Zeller
boundaries. While the geography of the other ’Stans varies from ruggedly mountainous
Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the deserts and irrigated fertile belt of Turkmenistan, there is
a shared commonality of historical development among the ’Stans, with Kazakhstan’s his-
tory representational of the region.
The earliest recorded inhabitants were probably from Persia, followed by Alexander the
Great’s armies of the 4th century B.C. Two centuries later, the Silk Road trading route was
well established between the lands of the East (China and India) and the West. This over-
land caravan route would predominate until the Portuguese found a faster route by sea in
the late 15th century.
Meanwhile, the strategically located future ’Stans were visited by waves of succeeding in-
vaders and empires, including the Parthians, Kushans, Huns, more Persians, and then the
Turkic peoples of the 6th century who settled and became the ancestors of today’s popu-
lace. They were nomadic herders who lived in yurts—portable, dome-shaped tents made
of felt. Arabs conquered these tribes, followed by Mongols under Chinggis Khaan in the
13th century, Tamerlane in the 14th century, Uzbeks in the 15th century, and later by
Russians in the 19th century, who attempted massive settlements of Russians into these
territories. The Soviets claimed dominion over these lands after ousting the royal tsarist
regime in 1917.
The last decade of the 20th century was a tumultuous time of change for the Communist-
dominated societies of Russia, central Europe, and central Asia. All five of the ’Stans
were part of the Soviet Union until that country of vastly different ethnic cultures began

with a roommate, you will be required to pay a Single
Supplement. Please note that single accommodations
are limited and cannot be guaranteed throughout.
5. MEDICAL INFORMATION: Participation on an
ECO program requires that you be in generally good
health. It is essential that persons with any medical
problems and related dietary restrictions make them
known to us well before departure. We can counsel
you on whether the expedition you have selected is
appropriate for you.
The tour leader has the right to disqualify any
participant at any time during the tour if he/she feels
the participant is physically incapable and/or if a
participant’s continued participation will jeopardize
either the individual involved or the group. There will
be no refund given under these circumstances.
6. LUGGAGE RESTRICTIONS: Luggage size
and weight limitations for both checked and carry-on
luggage, imposed by the airlines or as an operational
requirement due to type of aircraft, will apply for
flights to/from/within this program. Specifications will
be provided with pre-departure materials.
7. CURRENCY FLUCTUATION AND FUEL COST
INCREASES: In order to keep rates as low as pos-
sible, we do not build into the trip fare an allowance to
cover possible increases from currency fluctuations or
fuel costs. Therefore, as currencies do fluctuate around
the world and fuel-cost increases may occur, it may be
necessary for us to initiate a minor rate surcharge at
any time before departure if there are exceptional cost
increases beyond our control.
8. ITINERARY CHANGES & TRIP DELAY:
Itineraries are based on information available at the
time of printing and are subject to change. ECO
advisable for the comfort and well-being of the pas-
sengers.
As described in item 7 above, all prices are subject to
change.
As described in item 9 above, in the event that an
expedition must be cancelled, ECO is not responsible
for any personal expenses incurred by trip members in
preparing for the program.
On advancement of deposit to ECO, the depositor
acknowledges that he/she has read and understands the
above recited terms and conditions, and agrees to be
bound by them.
ASHGABAT MARKET
© Edith Zeller
FIVE ’STANS
CIA on ethno-cultural conflict. He has traveled extensively
to crumble in the late 1980s. Like tumbling dominos, Communist-led governments suc-
throughout Asia and Europe and is a consultant with a number of government agencies
cumbed one by one. The Berlin Wall fell in 1989, followed by the collapse of Communist
in the U.S. and abroad on issues of ethnic, religious, and territorial conflicts in Eastern
rule in Czechoslovakia and Romania (1989), Yugoslavia (1990), and the Soviet Union itself
Europe, the former Soviet Union and the post-Soviet states, and the Middle East. At
(1990), ending the Cold War between East and West. By 1991 Albania ousted its com-
HIDDEN HEART OF ASIA
home in Oregon, Ron is not only a well known professor at the University of Oregon, but
munist rulers; Lithuania, Estonia, and Latvia declared their independence; and President
he is also a regular commentator on radio and television as an expert on religion, culture,
Gorbachev resigned, marking the final demise of the Soviet Union.
geopolitics, and ethnicity.
By late December of 1991, the Five ’Stans had formed their own constitutional republics,
united together in a loose commonwealth of independent states. Unfortunately, a number
of political and economic difficulties have beset these countries, severely hampering their
WHAT TO EXPECT
progress toward democracy and prosperity. Some of the republics are rich in agricultural
lands, and others in mineral and petroleum resources; how they use these will determine
The Five ’Stans are countries rarely visited by outside travelers. As such, they have poorly the future paths of the Five ’Stans.
developed tourist infrastructures. It is our policy to always use the best available accom-
modations, transportation, and services of the countries we visit, but lodgings and food
are not always up to Western standards. Participants should also be aware that devia-
tions from the published itinerary are possible and that we may experience delays during
border crossings. Travelers should also be prepared to walk or stand for extended periods,
and some days of the expedition will include long bus journeys over sometimes-rough
roads. Despite the often-rustic conditions, delays, and bumpy roads, this will be a fasci-
nating journey, full of epic moments for the experienced traveler who possesses a sense of
humor, flexibility, and a true spirit of adventure.
Due to the extensive time involved to procure the number of visas required for this pro-
gram, participants must plan to relinquish their passports for three months prior to the
departure date. If you have interim international travel scheduled during that time, you
must obtain a second passport. Please contact our office if you have questions about this

reserves the right to change a program’s dates, staff,

itineraries, or accommodations as conditions warrant. procedure.
 KYRGYZSTAN
have a late lunch at the hotel before visiting
UZBEKISTAN the Lenin Museum. Enjoy dinner this evening
at a local restaurant followed by a vibrant folk-
loric presentation. Overnight at our hotel.
DAY 6
BISHKEK
Kyrgyzstan is a rugged and beautiful country,
with over half its territory situated in the Tian
Shan Mountains, which rise to elevations of
10,000 feet or more. An ancient Silk Road
Today, the old town of Samarkand still
RUSSIA casts its magical spell. We explore the city’s
architectural treasures, including the mau-
soleums of Shakh-i-Zinda Necropolis, the
city’s most revered site. In Registan Square,
K A Z A K H S TA N the city’s central focus since medieval days,
admire the magnificent domes and gleam-
ing turquoise tiles of historic madrassas
(Islamic seminaries). Nearby Bibi Khanym
CASPI AN fligh Mosque, whose grand size pushed the limits of
SEA t fro
mF
On arrival we have a late lunch, and time
permitting, tour the town’s museum before
continuing to the airport for our evening
flight to Ashgabat. After landing, we trans-
fer to our hotel where we gather for dinner
before turning in for the night.
DAY 16
ASHGABAT
Turkmenistan is a land of rolling deserts
stretching to the Caspian Sea. We explore

© Edith Zeller
architectural knowledge, has elegant façades
FIVE ’STANS
rank
settlement, today’s modern Bishkek is an furt and an interior covered in delicate carved Ashgabat, the country’s capital, located at the

DEAR ADVENTURER HIDDEN HEART OF ASIA

18 TOUR DAYS
We are thrilled to offer our journey of discovery to the lands once traversed by caravans plying
the Silk Road between China and Europe. These are the ’Stans—Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, DAY 1
USA / FRANKFURT, GERMANY
Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan—five independent republics that separated
from Russia with the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Depart the USA on independent flights to
Frankfurt, Germany.
Lying between China to the east and the Caspian Sea to the west, these countries have vast
and varied scenery ranging from the river-studded plateau steppes of Kazakhstan to the DAY 2
snowcapped and lushly vegetated mountain ranges of the Pamirs and Tian Shan, which FRANKFURT / ALMATY,
fringe the Chinese border in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Imagine camel caravans laden with KAZAKHSTAN
Chinese silk and porcelain threading their way westward through high mountain passes Independent arrival in Frankfurt and continue
before descending into a Shangri-la of rushing rivers and silvery lakes in Uzbekistan, fol- on your flight to Kazakhstan. Arrive in Almaty
lowed by a trek across the wide expanse of Turkmenistan’s Karakum Desert before reaching late this evening and transfer to our hotel
the Caspian Sea. for overnight.
Our journey, in far more comfort, showcases the outstanding natural setting of tumbling DAY 3
waterfalls, narrow-walled river gorges, and dense forests as we take easy walks, or more ALMATY
strenuous hikes for those who wish, watching for birds and intriguing botanical specimens. The largest of the ’Stans, Kazakhstan has a
steppe landscape of plateaus and plains rising to
The fascinating cultural legacies of the region are striking. A succession of peoples conquered
a mountainous eastern border with China. We
and occupied the region, beginning with river delta farmers and nomadic Scythians who
explore Almaty, the country’s largest city and
fought fiercely against Alexander the Great, followed by Turkic herders. The Mongol
its former capital, located in the eastern foothills
Empire under Chinggis Khaan succeeded the Persian Samanid dynasty and its attendant
of the Tian Shan range. Zenkov Cathedral is
renaissance of learning and the arts. Tamerlane’s conquest of central Asia produced a flow-
a masterpiece of nail-less wooden construction
ering of Islamic culture in Samarkand. Later settlers included Turkic Uzbeks and Kazakhs,
from the tsarist era. It became a museum during
followed by the Russian invaders of the 19th century.
the Soviet era, and in 1990 was transformed
Even under Soviet domination, the local peoples never lost the flavor of their former heri- back again into a Russian Orthodox cathedral.
Nearby is the Museum of Kazakh Musical
tages. We will visit mosques, mausoleums, madrassas (Islamic seminaries), and other out-
Instruments, with one of the world’s most
standing examples of Islamic architecture reflecting the grandeur of empires that stretched
unusual collections. A visit to the National
from the 14th through the 17th centuries.
Historical Museum reveals a fascinating his-
Your camera will capture images never to be forgotten: The rich red embroidery of a tory. Overnight at our hotel.
woman’s robes as she dances in a folkloric performance, her gold jewelry flashing. The
glacier-capped mountains of Tajikistan soaring skyward. The elegance of Samarkand’s DAY 4
Islamic architecture, with its glowing mud-bricks and gleaming turquoise tiles. The agile, ALMATY
but fearsome-appearing, horsemen of Turkmenistan astride steeds whose forebears sired We drive uphill into the countryside to
the much-prized Arabian horse. The richly patterned, hand-knotted carpets for which the Medeu, a picturesque, canyonlike valley that
region is justly famed. is home to the country’s mountain sports and
the world’s largest speed-skating rink. Enjoy
During our journey, our distinguished leader and local guides will enlighten you on every moderate hiking into Tuyuk Su Gorge, with a
aspect of the history, culture, and natural environment of the ’Stans. We hope you will join picnic lunch of regional cuisine. Return to our
them and follow in the footsteps of Marco Polo and the Silk Road merchants, discovering hotel in Almaty for overnight.
this rarely visited hidden heart of Asia.
DAY 5
ALMATY / BISHKEK, KYRGYZSTAN
Mountain panoramas loom as we drive south
Peter Harrison & Shirley Metz to Kyrgyzstan. Upon arrival in Bishkek we
attractive town lying under the mountainous
backdrop. We drive to Ala-Archa Gorge for
hiking in this verdant national park whose
name means “bright juniper.” The Alamedin
River flows through the gorge, which is sur-
rounded by lush forest, alpine meadows, and
glacier-clad peaks. In the afternoon we explore
Bishkek where locals stroll along a park-like
central boulevard. Overnight at our hotel.
KYRGYZSTAN
DAYS 7 & 8
BISHKEK / GABAGLY, KAZAKHSTAN
We drive across Kyrgyzstan’s northern tip,
with its rugged spine of 12,000-foot moun-
tains, and reenter Kazakhstan, arriving in the
small town of Gabagly (Zhabaglinskiye) in the
late afternoon. Nature is the focus of our visit
to this stunning area, with a briefing first at
the National Park’s natural history museum.
On our second day in Gabagly, we hike or
take a leisurely stroll in the splendid canyon
of the Aksu River. The spectacular and steep
canyon walls rise 1,800 feet above the river in
some places. Watch for some of the 238 spe-
cies of birds and the more elusive 42 species
of mammals, including the rare snow leopard,
ibex, and bears, that make their home here.
We spend two nights at a rustic guesthouse,
hosted by national park rangers.
U Z B E K I S TA N
T U R K M E N I S TA N
Gabagly
flight to Fra
nkfurt
Chardzhow
Ashgabat
Bukhara
IRAN
A F G H A N I S TA N
DAY 9
GABAGLY / TASHKENT, UZBEKISTAN
Today we enter our third ’Stans republic,
Uzbekistan, which, as a former crossroads of
Silk Road caravans and invaders, is the richest
in architectural treasures. This afternoon we
explore Old Tashkent, the center of Uzbek
culture. Dinner and overnight at our hotel.
DAY 10
TASHKENT / SAMARKAND
We spend the morning exploring this more
European-flavored city, visiting the Navoi
Theater of Opera and Ballet and the Museum
of Applied Arts. After lunch we drive to
Samarkand, a prosperous Silk Road trading
city and the capital of Tamerlane’s 14th-century
rule. Dinner and overnight at our hotel.
DAY 11
SAMARKAND / PENDJIKENT,
TAJIKISTAN
In the morning we plan to cross the border into
Tajikistan for a short drive to Pendjikent. Tajik-
istan is the “Nepal of the ’Stans,” with over 90
percent of its land covered in high, glacier-clad
peaks, many soaring above 20,000 feet. We
visit the ancient ruins of Bunjikath, a Sogdian
(early Persian) city that predates the arrival
of the Arabs in the 8th century. Learn about
the history of the site by exploring the former
residential quarters and citadel and the town’s
wonderful museum, plus visit the bazaar. After
a lunch of regional cuisine, we visit a mosque
marble, glazed tiles, and frescoes, although it
suffered earthquake damage. After lunch
base of 10,000-foot Kopet Dag Mountains.
The city borders a fertile area irrigated by the
we visit Ulug Bek Observatory, named for Karakum Canal, the world’s longest canal,
Tamerlane’s grandson who was an enlightened which carries life-sustaining water nearly the
Almaty
Tashkent Bishkek astronomer. The Samarkand bazaar’s displays entire length of the country. In Ashgabat we
K Y RG Y Z S TA N watch for the exotically dressed Turkmen.
of grains, fruits, and vegetables are reminis-
Samarkand
cent of Tamerlane’s time. Watch for colorfully Known for their splendid horses, the
Pendjikent
clad Uzbek women in this photographer’s Turkmen’s ancestors were nomadic Parthian
TA J I K I S TA N paradise. We gather this evening to first enjoy equestrians. We visit the ancient citadel at
CHINA a folkloric show at Shere Dore complex before nearby Nisa where archaeological digs are
dinner. Overnight at our hotel. under way. At the Carpet Museum, see fine
specimens of brilliantly colored hand-woven
PA K I S TA N DAY 13 carpets, a specialty of Turkmen. Dinner at a
SAMARKAND / BUKHARA local restaurant in the city and overnight at
This morning we depart for Bukhara as we our hotel.
before returning to Samarkand in Uzbekistan.
Back in Samarkand, we learn about Tamerlane continue our Silk Road exploration. Upon
(Timur) as we pay an evening visit to his tomb, arrival in Bukhara, we enjoy lunch at the
ASHGABAT MARKET
the Gur Emir, with its turquoise dome and hotel. By the 10th century, this Silk Road
richly gilded interior. Dinner at a local restau- trading city had become Central Asia’s
INDIA religious capital. From the 16th century
rant and overnight at our hotel.
N E PA L onward, its prominence as the capital of the
DAY 12 Shaybanids resulted in the flowering of its
SAMARKAND, UZBEKISTAN architectural creativity. This afternoon a
In the 14th century Tamarlane, a Mongol short drive takes us through the countryside
warlord, set out to solidify his domination over to the summer residence of the last emir of
an enormous expanse of territory extending Bukhara. Dinner this evening in the old
from India to the Levant. Exotic Samarkand city with overnight at our hotel.
became his headquarters and capital, and he
spared no expense to create a glorious haven DAY 14
for scholars, artists, architects, and musicians. BUKHARA
Our exploration of Bukhara today reveals
DAY 17
countless examples of Islamic architec-
UZBEKISTAN ture—madrassas, tombs, mosques, and ASHGABAT
covered bazaars. Highlights we visit include Early risers tour the morning bazaar for an
the central Lyab-i-Khauz square; the small authentic experience of local culture amid
but elegant 10th-century tomb of Ismail overflowing displays of spices, jewelry, and
Samani, founder of the Samanid dynasty; crimson carpets. After lunch at a local
the 16th-century Ark Fortress; the massive restaurant the afternoon is free for you
Kalyan Mosque and minaret complex; and to explore on your own. We gather this
historic 17th-century madrassas. Dinner evening for a festive farewell dinner before
and overnight at our hotel. boarding our late-evening flight to Frankfurt.
DAY 15 Day 18
BUKHARA / CHARDZHOW, ASHGABAT / FRANKFURT,
TURKMENISTAN / ASHGABAT GERMANY / USA
This morning we depart Bukhara by coach Arrive Frankfurt and connect to your
for the Turkmenistan border, crossing over homeward USA flight, arriving the
into the town of Chardzhow (Turkmenabat). same day.
 KYRGYZSTAN
have a late lunch at the hotel before visiting
UZBEKISTAN the Lenin Museum. Enjoy dinner this evening
at a local restaurant followed by a vibrant folk-
loric presentation. Overnight at our hotel.
DAY 6
BISHKEK
Kyrgyzstan is a rugged and beautiful country,
with over half its territory situated in the Tian
Shan Mountains, which rise to elevations of
10,000 feet or more. An ancient Silk Road
Today, the old town of Samarkand still
RUSSIA casts its magical spell. We explore the city’s
architectural treasures, including the mau-
soleums of Shakh-i-Zinda Necropolis, the
city’s most revered site. In Registan Square,
K A Z A K H S TA N the city’s central focus since medieval days,
admire the magnificent domes and gleam-
ing turquoise tiles of historic madrassas
(Islamic seminaries). Nearby Bibi Khanym
CASPI AN fligh Mosque, whose grand size pushed the limits of
SEA t fro
mF
On arrival we have a late lunch, and time
permitting, tour the town’s museum before
continuing to the airport for our evening
flight to Ashgabat. After landing, we trans-
fer to our hotel where we gather for dinner
before turning in for the night.
DAY 16
ASHGABAT
Turkmenistan is a land of rolling deserts
stretching to the Caspian Sea. We explore

© Edith Zeller
architectural knowledge, has elegant façades
FIVE ’STANS
rank
settlement, today’s modern Bishkek is an furt and an interior covered in delicate carved Ashgabat, the country’s capital, located at the

DEAR ADVENTURER HIDDEN HEART OF ASIA

18 TOUR DAYS
We are thrilled to offer our journey of discovery to the lands once traversed by caravans plying
the Silk Road between China and Europe. These are the ’Stans—Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, DAY 1
USA / FRANKFURT, GERMANY
Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan—five independent republics that separated
from Russia with the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Depart the USA on independent flights to
Frankfurt, Germany.
Lying between China to the east and the Caspian Sea to the west, these countries have vast
and varied scenery ranging from the river-studded plateau steppes of Kazakhstan to the DAY 2
snowcapped and lushly vegetated mountain ranges of the Pamirs and Tian Shan, which FRANKFURT / ALMATY,
fringe the Chinese border in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Imagine camel caravans laden with KAZAKHSTAN
Chinese silk and porcelain threading their way westward through high mountain passes Independent arrival in Frankfurt and continue
before descending into a Shangri-la of rushing rivers and silvery lakes in Uzbekistan, fol- on your flight to Kazakhstan. Arrive in Almaty
lowed by a trek across the wide expanse of Turkmenistan’s Karakum Desert before reaching late this evening and transfer to our hotel
the Caspian Sea. for overnight.
Our journey, in far more comfort, showcases the outstanding natural setting of tumbling DAY 3
waterfalls, narrow-walled river gorges, and dense forests as we take easy walks, or more ALMATY
strenuous hikes for those who wish, watching for birds and intriguing botanical specimens. The largest of the ’Stans, Kazakhstan has a
steppe landscape of plateaus and plains rising to
The fascinating cultural legacies of the region are striking. A succession of peoples conquered
a mountainous eastern border with China. We
and occupied the region, beginning with river delta farmers and nomadic Scythians who
explore Almaty, the country’s largest city and
fought fiercely against Alexander the Great, followed by Turkic herders. The Mongol
its former capital, located in the eastern foothills
Empire under Chinggis Khaan succeeded the Persian Samanid dynasty and its attendant
of the Tian Shan range. Zenkov Cathedral is
renaissance of learning and the arts. Tamerlane’s conquest of central Asia produced a flow-
a masterpiece of nail-less wooden construction
ering of Islamic culture in Samarkand. Later settlers included Turkic Uzbeks and Kazakhs,
from the tsarist era. It became a museum during
followed by the Russian invaders of the 19th century.
the Soviet era, and in 1990 was transformed
Even under Soviet domination, the local peoples never lost the flavor of their former heri- back again into a Russian Orthodox cathedral.
Nearby is the Museum of Kazakh Musical
tages. We will visit mosques, mausoleums, madrassas (Islamic seminaries), and other out-
Instruments, with one of the world’s most
standing examples of Islamic architecture reflecting the grandeur of empires that stretched
unusual collections. A visit to the National
from the 14th through the 17th centuries.
Historical Museum reveals a fascinating his-
Your camera will capture images never to be forgotten: The rich red embroidery of a tory. Overnight at our hotel.
woman’s robes as she dances in a folkloric performance, her gold jewelry flashing. The
glacier-capped mountains of Tajikistan soaring skyward. The elegance of Samarkand’s DAY 4
Islamic architecture, with its glowing mud-bricks and gleaming turquoise tiles. The agile, ALMATY
but fearsome-appearing, horsemen of Turkmenistan astride steeds whose forebears sired We drive uphill into the countryside to
the much-prized Arabian horse. The richly patterned, hand-knotted carpets for which the Medeu, a picturesque, canyonlike valley that
region is justly famed. is home to the country’s mountain sports and
the world’s largest speed-skating rink. Enjoy
During our journey, our distinguished leader and local guides will enlighten you on every moderate hiking into Tuyuk Su Gorge, with a
aspect of the history, culture, and natural environment of the ’Stans. We hope you will join picnic lunch of regional cuisine. Return to our
them and follow in the footsteps of Marco Polo and the Silk Road merchants, discovering hotel in Almaty for overnight.
this rarely visited hidden heart of Asia.
DAY 5
ALMATY / BISHKEK, KYRGYZSTAN
Mountain panoramas loom as we drive south
Peter Harrison & Shirley Metz to Kyrgyzstan. Upon arrival in Bishkek we
attractive town lying under the mountainous
backdrop. We drive to Ala-Archa Gorge for
hiking in this verdant national park whose
name means “bright juniper.” The Alamedin
River flows through the gorge, which is sur-
rounded by lush forest, alpine meadows, and
glacier-clad peaks. In the afternoon we explore
Bishkek where locals stroll along a park-like
central boulevard. Overnight at our hotel.
KYRGYZSTAN
DAYS 7 & 8
BISHKEK / GABAGLY, KAZAKHSTAN
We drive across Kyrgyzstan’s northern tip,
with its rugged spine of 12,000-foot moun-
tains, and reenter Kazakhstan, arriving in the
small town of Gabagly (Zhabaglinskiye) in the
late afternoon. Nature is the focus of our visit
to this stunning area, with a briefing first at
the National Park’s natural history museum.
On our second day in Gabagly, we hike or
take a leisurely stroll in the splendid canyon
of the Aksu River. The spectacular and steep
canyon walls rise 1,800 feet above the river in
some places. Watch for some of the 238 spe-
cies of birds and the more elusive 42 species
of mammals, including the rare snow leopard,
ibex, and bears, that make their home here.
We spend two nights at a rustic guesthouse,
hosted by national park rangers.
U Z B E K I S TA N
T U R K M E N I S TA N
Gabagly
flight to Fra
nkfurt
Chardzhow
Ashgabat
Bukhara
IRAN
A F G H A N I S TA N
DAY 9
GABAGLY / TASHKENT, UZBEKISTAN
Today we enter our third ’Stans republic,
Uzbekistan, which, as a former crossroads of
Silk Road caravans and invaders, is the richest
in architectural treasures. This afternoon we
explore Old Tashkent, the center of Uzbek
culture. Dinner and overnight at our hotel.
DAY 10
TASHKENT / SAMARKAND
We spend the morning exploring this more
European-flavored city, visiting the Navoi
Theater of Opera and Ballet and the Museum
of Applied Arts. After lunch we drive to
Samarkand, a prosperous Silk Road trading
city and the capital of Tamerlane’s 14th-century
rule. Dinner and overnight at our hotel.
DAY 11
SAMARKAND / PENDJIKENT,
TAJIKISTAN
In the morning we plan to cross the border into
Tajikistan for a short drive to Pendjikent. Tajik-
istan is the “Nepal of the ’Stans,” with over 90
percent of its land covered in high, glacier-clad
peaks, many soaring above 20,000 feet. We
visit the ancient ruins of Bunjikath, a Sogdian
(early Persian) city that predates the arrival
of the Arabs in the 8th century. Learn about
the history of the site by exploring the former
residential quarters and citadel and the town’s
wonderful museum, plus visit the bazaar. After
a lunch of regional cuisine, we visit a mosque
marble, glazed tiles, and frescoes, although it
suffered earthquake damage. After lunch
base of 10,000-foot Kopet Dag Mountains.
The city borders a fertile area irrigated by the
we visit Ulug Bek Observatory, named for Karakum Canal, the world’s longest canal,
Tamerlane’s grandson who was an enlightened which carries life-sustaining water nearly the
Almaty
Tashkent Bishkek astronomer. The Samarkand bazaar’s displays entire length of the country. In Ashgabat we
K Y RG Y Z S TA N watch for the exotically dressed Turkmen.
of grains, fruits, and vegetables are reminis-
Samarkand
cent of Tamerlane’s time. Watch for colorfully Known for their splendid horses, the
Pendjikent
clad Uzbek women in this photographer’s Turkmen’s ancestors were nomadic Parthian
TA J I K I S TA N paradise. We gather this evening to first enjoy equestrians. We visit the ancient citadel at
CHINA a folkloric show at Shere Dore complex before nearby Nisa where archaeological digs are
dinner. Overnight at our hotel. under way. At the Carpet Museum, see fine
specimens of brilliantly colored hand-woven
PA K I S TA N DAY 13 carpets, a specialty of Turkmen. Dinner at a
SAMARKAND / BUKHARA local restaurant in the city and overnight at
This morning we depart for Bukhara as we our hotel.
before returning to Samarkand in Uzbekistan.
Back in Samarkand, we learn about Tamerlane continue our Silk Road exploration. Upon
(Timur) as we pay an evening visit to his tomb, arrival in Bukhara, we enjoy lunch at the
ASHGABAT MARKET
the Gur Emir, with its turquoise dome and hotel. By the 10th century, this Silk Road
richly gilded interior. Dinner at a local restau- trading city had become Central Asia’s
INDIA religious capital. From the 16th century
rant and overnight at our hotel.
N E PA L onward, its prominence as the capital of the
DAY 12 Shaybanids resulted in the flowering of its
SAMARKAND, UZBEKISTAN architectural creativity. This afternoon a
In the 14th century Tamarlane, a Mongol short drive takes us through the countryside
warlord, set out to solidify his domination over to the summer residence of the last emir of
an enormous expanse of territory extending Bukhara. Dinner this evening in the old
from India to the Levant. Exotic Samarkand city with overnight at our hotel.
became his headquarters and capital, and he
spared no expense to create a glorious haven DAY 14
for scholars, artists, architects, and musicians. BUKHARA
Our exploration of Bukhara today reveals
DAY 17
countless examples of Islamic architec-
UZBEKISTAN ture—madrassas, tombs, mosques, and ASHGABAT
covered bazaars. Highlights we visit include Early risers tour the morning bazaar for an
the central Lyab-i-Khauz square; the small authentic experience of local culture amid
but elegant 10th-century tomb of Ismail overflowing displays of spices, jewelry, and
Samani, founder of the Samanid dynasty; crimson carpets. After lunch at a local
the 16th-century Ark Fortress; the massive restaurant the afternoon is free for you
Kalyan Mosque and minaret complex; and to explore on your own. We gather this
historic 17th-century madrassas. Dinner evening for a festive farewell dinner before
and overnight at our hotel. boarding our late-evening flight to Frankfurt.
DAY 15 Day 18
BUKHARA / CHARDZHOW, ASHGABAT / FRANKFURT,
TURKMENISTAN / ASHGABAT GERMANY / USA
This morning we depart Bukhara by coach Arrive Frankfurt and connect to your
for the Turkmenistan border, crossing over homeward USA flight, arriving the
into the town of Chardzhow (Turkmenabat). same day.
 KYRGYZSTAN
have a late lunch at the hotel before visiting
UZBEKISTAN the Lenin Museum. Enjoy dinner this evening
at a local restaurant followed by a vibrant folk-
loric presentation. Overnight at our hotel.
DAY 6
BISHKEK
Kyrgyzstan is a rugged and beautiful country,
with over half its territory situated in the Tian
Shan Mountains, which rise to elevations of
10,000 feet or more. An ancient Silk Road
Today, the old town of Samarkand still
RUSSIA casts its magical spell. We explore the city’s
architectural treasures, including the mau-
soleums of Shakh-i-Zinda Necropolis, the
city’s most revered site. In Registan Square,
K A Z A K H S TA N the city’s central focus since medieval days,
admire the magnificent domes and gleam-
ing turquoise tiles of historic madrassas
(Islamic seminaries). Nearby Bibi Khanym
CASPI AN fligh Mosque, whose grand size pushed the limits of
SEA t fro
mF
On arrival we have a late lunch, and time
permitting, tour the town’s museum before
continuing to the airport for our evening
flight to Ashgabat. After landing, we trans-
fer to our hotel where we gather for dinner
before turning in for the night.
DAY 16
ASHGABAT
Turkmenistan is a land of rolling deserts
stretching to the Caspian Sea. We explore

© Edith Zeller
architectural knowledge, has elegant façades
FIVE ’STANS
rank
settlement, today’s modern Bishkek is an furt and an interior covered in delicate carved Ashgabat, the country’s capital, located at the

DEAR ADVENTURER HIDDEN HEART OF ASIA

18 TOUR DAYS
We are thrilled to offer our journey of discovery to the lands once traversed by caravans plying
the Silk Road between China and Europe. These are the ’Stans—Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, DAY 1
USA / FRANKFURT, GERMANY
Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan—five independent republics that separated
from Russia with the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Depart the USA on independent flights to
Frankfurt, Germany.
Lying between China to the east and the Caspian Sea to the west, these countries have vast
and varied scenery ranging from the river-studded plateau steppes of Kazakhstan to the DAY 2
snowcapped and lushly vegetated mountain ranges of the Pamirs and Tian Shan, which FRANKFURT / ALMATY,
fringe the Chinese border in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Imagine camel caravans laden with KAZAKHSTAN
Chinese silk and porcelain threading their way westward through high mountain passes Independent arrival in Frankfurt and continue
before descending into a Shangri-la of rushing rivers and silvery lakes in Uzbekistan, fol- on your flight to Kazakhstan. Arrive in Almaty
lowed by a trek across the wide expanse of Turkmenistan’s Karakum Desert before reaching late this evening and transfer to our hotel
the Caspian Sea. for overnight.
Our journey, in far more comfort, showcases the outstanding natural setting of tumbling DAY 3
waterfalls, narrow-walled river gorges, and dense forests as we take easy walks, or more ALMATY
strenuous hikes for those who wish, watching for birds and intriguing botanical specimens. The largest of the ’Stans, Kazakhstan has a
steppe landscape of plateaus and plains rising to
The fascinating cultural legacies of the region are striking. A succession of peoples conquered
a mountainous eastern border with China. We
and occupied the region, beginning with river delta farmers and nomadic Scythians who
explore Almaty, the country’s largest city and
fought fiercely against Alexander the Great, followed by Turkic herders. The Mongol
its former capital, located in the eastern foothills
Empire under Chinggis Khaan succeeded the Persian Samanid dynasty and its attendant
of the Tian Shan range. Zenkov Cathedral is
renaissance of learning and the arts. Tamerlane’s conquest of central Asia produced a flow-
a masterpiece of nail-less wooden construction
ering of Islamic culture in Samarkand. Later settlers included Turkic Uzbeks and Kazakhs,
from the tsarist era. It became a museum during
followed by the Russian invaders of the 19th century.
the Soviet era, and in 1990 was transformed
Even under Soviet domination, the local peoples never lost the flavor of their former heri- back again into a Russian Orthodox cathedral.
Nearby is the Museum of Kazakh Musical
tages. We will visit mosques, mausoleums, madrassas (Islamic seminaries), and other out-
Instruments, with one of the world’s most
standing examples of Islamic architecture reflecting the grandeur of empires that stretched
unusual collections. A visit to the National
from the 14th through the 17th centuries.
Historical Museum reveals a fascinating his-
Your camera will capture images never to be forgotten: The rich red embroidery of a tory. Overnight at our hotel.
woman’s robes as she dances in a folkloric performance, her gold jewelry flashing. The
glacier-capped mountains of Tajikistan soaring skyward. The elegance of Samarkand’s DAY 4
Islamic architecture, with its glowing mud-bricks and gleaming turquoise tiles. The agile, ALMATY
but fearsome-appearing, horsemen of Turkmenistan astride steeds whose forebears sired We drive uphill into the countryside to
the much-prized Arabian horse. The richly patterned, hand-knotted carpets for which the Medeu, a picturesque, canyonlike valley that
region is justly famed. is home to the country’s mountain sports and
the world’s largest speed-skating rink. Enjoy
During our journey, our distinguished leader and local guides will enlighten you on every moderate hiking into Tuyuk Su Gorge, with a
aspect of the history, culture, and natural environment of the ’Stans. We hope you will join picnic lunch of regional cuisine. Return to our
them and follow in the footsteps of Marco Polo and the Silk Road merchants, discovering hotel in Almaty for overnight.
this rarely visited hidden heart of Asia.
DAY 5
ALMATY / BISHKEK, KYRGYZSTAN
Mountain panoramas loom as we drive south
Peter Harrison & Shirley Metz to Kyrgyzstan. Upon arrival in Bishkek we
attractive town lying under the mountainous
backdrop. We drive to Ala-Archa Gorge for
hiking in this verdant national park whose
name means “bright juniper.” The Alamedin
River flows through the gorge, which is sur-
rounded by lush forest, alpine meadows, and
glacier-clad peaks. In the afternoon we explore
Bishkek where locals stroll along a park-like
central boulevard. Overnight at our hotel.
KYRGYZSTAN
DAYS 7 & 8
BISHKEK / GABAGLY, KAZAKHSTAN
We drive across Kyrgyzstan’s northern tip,
with its rugged spine of 12,000-foot moun-
tains, and reenter Kazakhstan, arriving in the
small town of Gabagly (Zhabaglinskiye) in the
late afternoon. Nature is the focus of our visit
to this stunning area, with a briefing first at
the National Park’s natural history museum.
On our second day in Gabagly, we hike or
take a leisurely stroll in the splendid canyon
of the Aksu River. The spectacular and steep
canyon walls rise 1,800 feet above the river in
some places. Watch for some of the 238 spe-
cies of birds and the more elusive 42 species
of mammals, including the rare snow leopard,
ibex, and bears, that make their home here.
We spend two nights at a rustic guesthouse,
hosted by national park rangers.
U Z B E K I S TA N
T U R K M E N I S TA N
Gabagly
flight to Fra
nkfurt
Chardzhow
Ashgabat
Bukhara
IRAN
A F G H A N I S TA N
DAY 9
GABAGLY / TASHKENT, UZBEKISTAN
Today we enter our third ’Stans republic,
Uzbekistan, which, as a former crossroads of
Silk Road caravans and invaders, is the richest
in architectural treasures. This afternoon we
explore Old Tashkent, the center of Uzbek
culture. Dinner and overnight at our hotel.
DAY 10
TASHKENT / SAMARKAND
We spend the morning exploring this more
European-flavored city, visiting the Navoi
Theater of Opera and Ballet and the Museum
of Applied Arts. After lunch we drive to
Samarkand, a prosperous Silk Road trading
city and the capital of Tamerlane’s 14th-century
rule. Dinner and overnight at our hotel.
DAY 11
SAMARKAND / PENDJIKENT,
TAJIKISTAN
In the morning we plan to cross the border into
Tajikistan for a short drive to Pendjikent. Tajik-
istan is the “Nepal of the ’Stans,” with over 90
percent of its land covered in high, glacier-clad
peaks, many soaring above 20,000 feet. We
visit the ancient ruins of Bunjikath, a Sogdian
(early Persian) city that predates the arrival
of the Arabs in the 8th century. Learn about
the history of the site by exploring the former
residential quarters and citadel and the town’s
wonderful museum, plus visit the bazaar. After
a lunch of regional cuisine, we visit a mosque
marble, glazed tiles, and frescoes, although it
suffered earthquake damage. After lunch
base of 10,000-foot Kopet Dag Mountains.
The city borders a fertile area irrigated by the
we visit Ulug Bek Observatory, named for Karakum Canal, the world’s longest canal,
Tamerlane’s grandson who was an enlightened which carries life-sustaining water nearly the
Almaty
Tashkent Bishkek astronomer. The Samarkand bazaar’s displays entire length of the country. In Ashgabat we
K Y RG Y Z S TA N watch for the exotically dressed Turkmen.
of grains, fruits, and vegetables are reminis-
Samarkand
cent of Tamerlane’s time. Watch for colorfully Known for their splendid horses, the
Pendjikent
clad Uzbek women in this photographer’s Turkmen’s ancestors were nomadic Parthian
TA J I K I S TA N paradise. We gather this evening to first enjoy equestrians. We visit the ancient citadel at
CHINA a folkloric show at Shere Dore complex before nearby Nisa where archaeological digs are
dinner. Overnight at our hotel. under way. At the Carpet Museum, see fine
specimens of brilliantly colored hand-woven
PA K I S TA N DAY 13 carpets, a specialty of Turkmen. Dinner at a
SAMARKAND / BUKHARA local restaurant in the city and overnight at
This morning we depart for Bukhara as we our hotel.
before returning to Samarkand in Uzbekistan.
Back in Samarkand, we learn about Tamerlane continue our Silk Road exploration. Upon
(Timur) as we pay an evening visit to his tomb, arrival in Bukhara, we enjoy lunch at the
ASHGABAT MARKET
the Gur Emir, with its turquoise dome and hotel. By the 10th century, this Silk Road
richly gilded interior. Dinner at a local restau- trading city had become Central Asia’s
INDIA religious capital. From the 16th century
rant and overnight at our hotel.
N E PA L onward, its prominence as the capital of the
DAY 12 Shaybanids resulted in the flowering of its
SAMARKAND, UZBEKISTAN architectural creativity. This afternoon a
In the 14th century Tamarlane, a Mongol short drive takes us through the countryside
warlord, set out to solidify his domination over to the summer residence of the last emir of
an enormous expanse of territory extending Bukhara. Dinner this evening in the old
from India to the Levant. Exotic Samarkand city with overnight at our hotel.
became his headquarters and capital, and he
spared no expense to create a glorious haven DAY 14
for scholars, artists, architects, and musicians. BUKHARA
Our exploration of Bukhara today reveals
DAY 17
countless examples of Islamic architec-
UZBEKISTAN ture—madrassas, tombs, mosques, and ASHGABAT
covered bazaars. Highlights we visit include Early risers tour the morning bazaar for an
the central Lyab-i-Khauz square; the small authentic experience of local culture amid
but elegant 10th-century tomb of Ismail overflowing displays of spices, jewelry, and
Samani, founder of the Samanid dynasty; crimson carpets. After lunch at a local
the 16th-century Ark Fortress; the massive restaurant the afternoon is free for you
Kalyan Mosque and minaret complex; and to explore on your own. We gather this
historic 17th-century madrassas. Dinner evening for a festive farewell dinner before
and overnight at our hotel. boarding our late-evening flight to Frankfurt.
DAY 15 Day 18
BUKHARA / CHARDZHOW, ASHGABAT / FRANKFURT,
TURKMENISTAN / ASHGABAT GERMANY / USA
This morning we depart Bukhara by coach Arrive Frankfurt and connect to your
for the Turkmenistan border, crossing over homeward USA flight, arriving the
into the town of Chardzhow (Turkmenabat). same day.
 KYRGYZSTAN
have a late lunch at the hotel before visiting
UZBEKISTAN the Lenin Museum. Enjoy dinner this evening
at a local restaurant followed by a vibrant folk-
loric presentation. Overnight at our hotel.
DAY 6
BISHKEK
Kyrgyzstan is a rugged and beautiful country,
with over half its territory situated in the Tian
Shan Mountains, which rise to elevations of
10,000 feet or more. An ancient Silk Road
Today, the old town of Samarkand still
RUSSIA casts its magical spell. We explore the city’s
architectural treasures, including the mau-
soleums of Shakh-i-Zinda Necropolis, the
city’s most revered site. In Registan Square,
K A Z A K H S TA N the city’s central focus since medieval days,
admire the magnificent domes and gleam-
ing turquoise tiles of historic madrassas
(Islamic seminaries). Nearby Bibi Khanym
CASPI AN fligh Mosque, whose grand size pushed the limits of
SEA t fro
mF
On arrival we have a late lunch, and time
permitting, tour the town’s museum before
continuing to the airport for our evening
flight to Ashgabat. After landing, we trans-
fer to our hotel where we gather for dinner
before turning in for the night.
DAY 16
ASHGABAT
Turkmenistan is a land of rolling deserts
stretching to the Caspian Sea. We explore

© Edith Zeller
architectural knowledge, has elegant façades
FIVE ’STANS
rank
settlement, today’s modern Bishkek is an furt and an interior covered in delicate carved Ashgabat, the country’s capital, located at the

DEAR ADVENTURER HIDDEN HEART OF ASIA

18 TOUR DAYS
We are thrilled to offer our journey of discovery to the lands once traversed by caravans plying
the Silk Road between China and Europe. These are the ’Stans—Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, DAY 1
USA / FRANKFURT, GERMANY
Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan—five independent republics that separated
from Russia with the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Depart the USA on independent flights to
Frankfurt, Germany.
Lying between China to the east and the Caspian Sea to the west, these countries have vast
and varied scenery ranging from the river-studded plateau steppes of Kazakhstan to the DAY 2
snowcapped and lushly vegetated mountain ranges of the Pamirs and Tian Shan, which FRANKFURT / ALMATY,
fringe the Chinese border in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Imagine camel caravans laden with KAZAKHSTAN
Chinese silk and porcelain threading their way westward through high mountain passes Independent arrival in Frankfurt and continue
before descending into a Shangri-la of rushing rivers and silvery lakes in Uzbekistan, fol- on your flight to Kazakhstan. Arrive in Almaty
lowed by a trek across the wide expanse of Turkmenistan’s Karakum Desert before reaching late this evening and transfer to our hotel
the Caspian Sea. for overnight.
Our journey, in far more comfort, showcases the outstanding natural setting of tumbling DAY 3
waterfalls, narrow-walled river gorges, and dense forests as we take easy walks, or more ALMATY
strenuous hikes for those who wish, watching for birds and intriguing botanical specimens. The largest of the ’Stans, Kazakhstan has a
steppe landscape of plateaus and plains rising to
The fascinating cultural legacies of the region are striking. A succession of peoples conquered
a mountainous eastern border with China. We
and occupied the region, beginning with river delta farmers and nomadic Scythians who
explore Almaty, the country’s largest city and
fought fiercely against Alexander the Great, followed by Turkic herders. The Mongol
its former capital, located in the eastern foothills
Empire under Chinggis Khaan succeeded the Persian Samanid dynasty and its attendant
of the Tian Shan range. Zenkov Cathedral is
renaissance of learning and the arts. Tamerlane’s conquest of central Asia produced a flow-
a masterpiece of nail-less wooden construction
ering of Islamic culture in Samarkand. Later settlers included Turkic Uzbeks and Kazakhs,
from the tsarist era. It became a museum during
followed by the Russian invaders of the 19th century.
the Soviet era, and in 1990 was transformed
Even under Soviet domination, the local peoples never lost the flavor of their former heri- back again into a Russian Orthodox cathedral.
Nearby is the Museum of Kazakh Musical
tages. We will visit mosques, mausoleums, madrassas (Islamic seminaries), and other out-
Instruments, with one of the world’s most
standing examples of Islamic architecture reflecting the grandeur of empires that stretched
unusual collections. A visit to the National
from the 14th through the 17th centuries.
Historical Museum reveals a fascinating his-
Your camera will capture images never to be forgotten: The rich red embroidery of a tory. Overnight at our hotel.
woman’s robes as she dances in a folkloric performance, her gold jewelry flashing. The
glacier-capped mountains of Tajikistan soaring skyward. The elegance of Samarkand’s DAY 4
Islamic architecture, with its glowing mud-bricks and gleaming turquoise tiles. The agile, ALMATY
but fearsome-appearing, horsemen of Turkmenistan astride steeds whose forebears sired We drive uphill into the countryside to
the much-prized Arabian horse. The richly patterned, hand-knotted carpets for which the Medeu, a picturesque, canyonlike valley that
region is justly famed. is home to the country’s mountain sports and
the world’s largest speed-skating rink. Enjoy
During our journey, our distinguished leader and local guides will enlighten you on every moderate hiking into Tuyuk Su Gorge, with a
aspect of the history, culture, and natural environment of the ’Stans. We hope you will join picnic lunch of regional cuisine. Return to our
them and follow in the footsteps of Marco Polo and the Silk Road merchants, discovering hotel in Almaty for overnight.
this rarely visited hidden heart of Asia.
DAY 5
ALMATY / BISHKEK, KYRGYZSTAN
Mountain panoramas loom as we drive south
Peter Harrison & Shirley Metz to Kyrgyzstan. Upon arrival in Bishkek we
attractive town lying under the mountainous
backdrop. We drive to Ala-Archa Gorge for
hiking in this verdant national park whose
name means “bright juniper.” The Alamedin
River flows through the gorge, which is sur-
rounded by lush forest, alpine meadows, and
glacier-clad peaks. In the afternoon we explore
Bishkek where locals stroll along a park-like
central boulevard. Overnight at our hotel.
KYRGYZSTAN
DAYS 7 & 8
BISHKEK / GABAGLY, KAZAKHSTAN
We drive across Kyrgyzstan’s northern tip,
with its rugged spine of 12,000-foot moun-
tains, and reenter Kazakhstan, arriving in the
small town of Gabagly (Zhabaglinskiye) in the
late afternoon. Nature is the focus of our visit
to this stunning area, with a briefing first at
the National Park’s natural history museum.
On our second day in Gabagly, we hike or
take a leisurely stroll in the splendid canyon
of the Aksu River. The spectacular and steep
canyon walls rise 1,800 feet above the river in
some places. Watch for some of the 238 spe-
cies of birds and the more elusive 42 species
of mammals, including the rare snow leopard,
ibex, and bears, that make their home here.
We spend two nights at a rustic guesthouse,
hosted by national park rangers.
U Z B E K I S TA N
T U R K M E N I S TA N
Gabagly
flight to Fra
nkfurt
Chardzhow
Ashgabat
Bukhara
IRAN
A F G H A N I S TA N
DAY 9
GABAGLY / TASHKENT, UZBEKISTAN
Today we enter our third ’Stans republic,
Uzbekistan, which, as a former crossroads of
Silk Road caravans and invaders, is the richest
in architectural treasures. This afternoon we
explore Old Tashkent, the center of Uzbek
culture. Dinner and overnight at our hotel.
DAY 10
TASHKENT / SAMARKAND
We spend the morning exploring this more
European-flavored city, visiting the Navoi
Theater of Opera and Ballet and the Museum
of Applied Arts. After lunch we drive to
Samarkand, a prosperous Silk Road trading
city and the capital of Tamerlane’s 14th-century
rule. Dinner and overnight at our hotel.
DAY 11
SAMARKAND / PENDJIKENT,
TAJIKISTAN
In the morning we plan to cross the border into
Tajikistan for a short drive to Pendjikent. Tajik-
istan is the “Nepal of the ’Stans,” with over 90
percent of its land covered in high, glacier-clad
peaks, many soaring above 20,000 feet. We
visit the ancient ruins of Bunjikath, a Sogdian
(early Persian) city that predates the arrival
of the Arabs in the 8th century. Learn about
the history of the site by exploring the former
residential quarters and citadel and the town’s
wonderful museum, plus visit the bazaar. After
a lunch of regional cuisine, we visit a mosque
marble, glazed tiles, and frescoes, although it
suffered earthquake damage. After lunch
base of 10,000-foot Kopet Dag Mountains.
The city borders a fertile area irrigated by the
we visit Ulug Bek Observatory, named for Karakum Canal, the world’s longest canal,
Tamerlane’s grandson who was an enlightened which carries life-sustaining water nearly the
Almaty
Tashkent Bishkek astronomer. The Samarkand bazaar’s displays entire length of the country. In Ashgabat we
K Y RG Y Z S TA N watch for the exotically dressed Turkmen.
of grains, fruits, and vegetables are reminis-
Samarkand
cent of Tamerlane’s time. Watch for colorfully Known for their splendid horses, the
Pendjikent
clad Uzbek women in this photographer’s Turkmen’s ancestors were nomadic Parthian
TA J I K I S TA N paradise. We gather this evening to first enjoy equestrians. We visit the ancient citadel at
CHINA a folkloric show at Shere Dore complex before nearby Nisa where archaeological digs are
dinner. Overnight at our hotel. under way. At the Carpet Museum, see fine
specimens of brilliantly colored hand-woven
PA K I S TA N DAY 13 carpets, a specialty of Turkmen. Dinner at a
SAMARKAND / BUKHARA local restaurant in the city and overnight at
This morning we depart for Bukhara as we our hotel.
before returning to Samarkand in Uzbekistan.
Back in Samarkand, we learn about Tamerlane continue our Silk Road exploration. Upon
(Timur) as we pay an evening visit to his tomb, arrival in Bukhara, we enjoy lunch at the
ASHGABAT MARKET
the Gur Emir, with its turquoise dome and hotel. By the 10th century, this Silk Road
richly gilded interior. Dinner at a local restau- trading city had become Central Asia’s
INDIA religious capital. From the 16th century
rant and overnight at our hotel.
N E PA L onward, its prominence as the capital of the
DAY 12 Shaybanids resulted in the flowering of its
SAMARKAND, UZBEKISTAN architectural creativity. This afternoon a
In the 14th century Tamarlane, a Mongol short drive takes us through the countryside
warlord, set out to solidify his domination over to the summer residence of the last emir of
an enormous expanse of territory extending Bukhara. Dinner this evening in the old
from India to the Levant. Exotic Samarkand city with overnight at our hotel.
became his headquarters and capital, and he
spared no expense to create a glorious haven DAY 14
for scholars, artists, architects, and musicians. BUKHARA
Our exploration of Bukhara today reveals
DAY 17
countless examples of Islamic architec-
UZBEKISTAN ture—madrassas, tombs, mosques, and ASHGABAT
covered bazaars. Highlights we visit include Early risers tour the morning bazaar for an
the central Lyab-i-Khauz square; the small authentic experience of local culture amid
but elegant 10th-century tomb of Ismail overflowing displays of spices, jewelry, and
Samani, founder of the Samanid dynasty; crimson carpets. After lunch at a local
the 16th-century Ark Fortress; the massive restaurant the afternoon is free for you
Kalyan Mosque and minaret complex; and to explore on your own. We gather this
historic 17th-century madrassas. Dinner evening for a festive farewell dinner before
and overnight at our hotel. boarding our late-evening flight to Frankfurt.
DAY 15 Day 18
BUKHARA / CHARDZHOW, ASHGABAT / FRANKFURT,
TURKMENISTAN / ASHGABAT GERMANY / USA
This morning we depart Bukhara by coach Arrive Frankfurt and connect to your
for the Turkmenistan border, crossing over homeward USA flight, arriving the
into the town of Chardzhow (Turkmenabat). same day.
 UZBEKISTAN

TERMS & CONDITIONS MEET OUR LEADERS

1. RESERVATIONS: 25% of the expedition fare,
along with a completed and signed Reservation Form,
will reserve a place for you on this Eco-Expeditions
(ECO) program. The balance of the expedition fare
is due 120 days prior to departure. Air fare is also due
at this time. All prices are quoted in U.S. dollars and
must be paid in U.S. dollars. Credit cards accepted for
deposit only.
If a trip must be delayed, or the itinerary changed due
to bad weather, road conditions, transportation delays,
GARY WINTZ (MAY DEPARTURE) –
airline schedules, government intervention, sickness, Gary Wintz graduated cum laude from Duns Scotus
College in Michigan with a degree in philosophy. He has
INDEPENDENCE OF THE ’STANS
or any other contingency for which ECO or its agents
cannot make provision, the cost of delays or changes is
not included. spent most of the past 30 years outside the US researching,
9. ITINERARY CANCELLATION: ECO reserves
writing, photographing, and lecturing about distant lands
the right to cancel an itinerary before departure for any and cultures, and has traveled to over 215 countries and The largest of the Five ’Stans, Kazakhstan is a country of steppes landscaped with vast
plains and hilly plateaus crisscrossed by rivers and lakes, including the Aral Sea, within its

2. CANCELLATION AND REFUND POLICY:
Notification of cancellation of this program and any
independent travel arrangements must be received in
writing by ECO. At the time we receive your written
cancellation, the following penalties will apply:
• 120 or more days prior to departure: $300 per person
• 60 through 119 days prior to departure: 50% of
expedition fare
• 59 days prior to departure through day of departure:
100% of expedition fare
Some air fare may be nonrefundable. Once an expedi-
tion has departed, there will be no refunds from ECO
for any unused portions of the trip. The above policy
also applies to all extensions and independent travel
arrangements made in conjunction with this program.
3. TRIP CANCELLATION AND INTERRUP-
TION INSURANCE: We strongly advise that all
travelers purchase trip cancellation and interruption
insurance as protection against an emergency that may
force you to cancel or leave from an expedition while it
is in progress. A brochure describing coverage will be
sent to you upon receipt of your reservation.
4. SHARE POLICY: Accommodations on all ECO
programs are based on double occupancy. If you are
traveling alone and wish to share accommodations,
a roommate will be assigned to you whenever pos-
sible. When pairing roommates, we will always pair
participants of the same sex. All shared accommoda-
tions are nonsmoking. If it is not possible to pair you
reason whatsoever, including too few participants or
logistical problems such as strikes, wars, acts of God,
or any other circumstances that may make operation
of the trip inadvisable. All trip payments received will
be promptly refunded, and this refund will be the
limit of ECO’s liability. ECO is not responsible for any
expenses incurred by trip members in preparing for
the trip, including nonrefundable or penalty-carrying
airline tickets, special clothing, visa or passport fees, or
other trip-related expenses.
10. PARTICIPATION: ECO reserves the right
to decline to accept any individual as an expedition
member for any reason whatsoever.
11. LIMITATIONS OF LIABILIT Y: This section
defines ECO’s responsibility with respect to all of our
trips, including extensions and independent arrange-
ments. Please read it carefully.
ECO, its Owners, Agents, and Employees give notice
that they act only as the agent for the owners, contrac-
tors, and suppliers providing means of transportation
and/or all other related travel services and assume no
responsibility howsoever caused for injury, loss, or
damage to person or property in connection with any
service resulting directly from: acts of God, detention,
annoyance, delays, expenses arising from quarantine,
strikes, thefts, pilferage, force majeure, failure of any
means of conveyance to arrive or depart as scheduled,
civil disturbances, terrorism, government restrictions or
regulations, and discrepancies or changes in transit or
hotel services over which it has no control. Reasonable
changes in the itinerary may be made where deemed
territories. Gary has worked on humanitarian projects
throughout Asia, and has contributed his expertise to devel-
opment projects in Ethiopia for UNICEF. In 1981 he taught
as a foreign expert at Chengdu University of Science and
Technology in Sichuan Province in China. In 1982 he was employed by Tibet University
in Lhasa, thus becoming one of the first Westerners to actually reside in Tibet since the
communist Chinese occupation. Gary has met with His Holiness the Dalai Lama many
times. Since 1987 Gary has worked as a consultant with development organizations and
for media projects throughout Southeast Asia, and has lectured on contemporary issues
at various institutions, including Harvard, Yale, and the World Affairs Council. He is a
longtime member of the Association of Asian Studies, the Central Eurasian Studies
Society, and the American Institute of Afghanistan Studies. Gary continues to lead
travelers regularly into inner Asia as well as Central Asia.
RON WIXMAN (SEPTEMBER DEPARTURE) –
Professor Ron Wixman, a specialist in world cultural geog-
raphy, is well versed in both the ancient and modern societies
of the Mediterranean, Eastern Europe, Japan, Southeast
Asia, Central Asia, and the Middle East. Ron is conversant
in several languages, including Croatian and Bulgarian. For
20 years, he spent the summers living in shepherds’ villages
in the Balkans. His extensive knowledge of the region has
led to his work as a consultant to the State Department and
Cover photos: Ashgabat mosque, Turkmenistan © Gary Wintz; on bottom, top photos - Uzbekistan © Gary Wintz; lower photos - Samarkand; Ashgabat market © Edith Zeller
boundaries. While the geography of the other ’Stans varies from ruggedly mountainous
Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the deserts and irrigated fertile belt of Turkmenistan, there is
a shared commonality of historical development among the ’Stans, with Kazakhstan’s his-
tory representational of the region.
The earliest recorded inhabitants were probably from Persia, followed by Alexander the
Great’s armies of the 4th century B.C. Two centuries later, the Silk Road trading route was
well established between the lands of the East (China and India) and the West. This over-
land caravan route would predominate until the Portuguese found a faster route by sea in
the late 15th century.
Meanwhile, the strategically located future ’Stans were visited by waves of succeeding in-
vaders and empires, including the Parthians, Kushans, Huns, more Persians, and then the
Turkic peoples of the 6th century who settled and became the ancestors of today’s popu-
lace. They were nomadic herders who lived in yurts—portable, dome-shaped tents made
of felt. Arabs conquered these tribes, followed by Mongols under Chinggis Khaan in the
13th century, Tamerlane in the 14th century, Uzbeks in the 15th century, and later by
Russians in the 19th century, who attempted massive settlements of Russians into these
territories. The Soviets claimed dominion over these lands after ousting the royal tsarist
regime in 1917.
The last decade of the 20th century was a tumultuous time of change for the Communist-
dominated societies of Russia, central Europe, and central Asia. All five of the ’Stans
were part of the Soviet Union until that country of vastly different ethnic cultures began

with a roommate, you will be required to pay a Single
Supplement. Please note that single accommodations
are limited and cannot be guaranteed throughout.
5. MEDICAL INFORMATION: Participation on an
ECO program requires that you be in generally good
health. It is essential that persons with any medical
problems and related dietary restrictions make them
known to us well before departure. We can counsel
you on whether the expedition you have selected is
appropriate for you.
The tour leader has the right to disqualify any
participant at any time during the tour if he/she feels
the participant is physically incapable and/or if a
participant’s continued participation will jeopardize
either the individual involved or the group. There will
be no refund given under these circumstances.
6. LUGGAGE RESTRICTIONS: Luggage size
and weight limitations for both checked and carry-on
luggage, imposed by the airlines or as an operational
requirement due to type of aircraft, will apply for
flights to/from/within this program. Specifications will
be provided with pre-departure materials.
7. CURRENCY FLUCTUATION AND FUEL COST
INCREASES: In order to keep rates as low as pos-
sible, we do not build into the trip fare an allowance to
cover possible increases from currency fluctuations or
fuel costs. Therefore, as currencies do fluctuate around
the world and fuel-cost increases may occur, it may be
necessary for us to initiate a minor rate surcharge at
any time before departure if there are exceptional cost
increases beyond our control.
8. ITINERARY CHANGES & TRIP DELAY:
Itineraries are based on information available at the
time of printing and are subject to change. ECO
advisable for the comfort and well-being of the pas-
sengers.
As described in item 7 above, all prices are subject to
change.
As described in item 9 above, in the event that an
expedition must be cancelled, ECO is not responsible
for any personal expenses incurred by trip members in
preparing for the program.
On advancement of deposit to ECO, the depositor
acknowledges that he/she has read and understands the
above recited terms and conditions, and agrees to be
bound by them.
ASHGABAT MARKET
© Edith Zeller
FIVE ’STANS
CIA on ethno-cultural conflict. He has traveled extensively
to crumble in the late 1980s. Like tumbling dominos, Communist-led governments suc-
throughout Asia and Europe and is a consultant with a number of government agencies
cumbed one by one. The Berlin Wall fell in 1989, followed by the collapse of Communist
in the U.S. and abroad on issues of ethnic, religious, and territorial conflicts in Eastern
rule in Czechoslovakia and Romania (1989), Yugoslavia (1990), and the Soviet Union itself
Europe, the former Soviet Union and the post-Soviet states, and the Middle East. At
(1990), ending the Cold War between East and West. By 1991 Albania ousted its com-
HIDDEN HEART OF ASIA
home in Oregon, Ron is not only a well known professor at the University of Oregon, but
munist rulers; Lithuania, Estonia, and Latvia declared their independence; and President
he is also a regular commentator on radio and television as an expert on religion, culture,
Gorbachev resigned, marking the final demise of the Soviet Union.
geopolitics, and ethnicity.
By late December of 1991, the Five ’Stans had formed their own constitutional republics,
united together in a loose commonwealth of independent states. Unfortunately, a number
of political and economic difficulties have beset these countries, severely hampering their
WHAT TO EXPECT
progress toward democracy and prosperity. Some of the republics are rich in agricultural
lands, and others in mineral and petroleum resources; how they use these will determine
The Five ’Stans are countries rarely visited by outside travelers. As such, they have poorly the future paths of the Five ’Stans.
developed tourist infrastructures. It is our policy to always use the best available accom-
modations, transportation, and services of the countries we visit, but lodgings and food
are not always up to Western standards. Participants should also be aware that devia-
tions from the published itinerary are possible and that we may experience delays during
border crossings. Travelers should also be prepared to walk or stand for extended periods,
and some days of the expedition will include long bus journeys over sometimes-rough
roads. Despite the often-rustic conditions, delays, and bumpy roads, this will be a fasci-
nating journey, full of epic moments for the experienced traveler who possesses a sense of
humor, flexibility, and a true spirit of adventure.
Due to the extensive time involved to procure the number of visas required for this pro-
gram, participants must plan to relinquish their passports for three months prior to the
departure date. If you have interim international travel scheduled during that time, you
must obtain a second passport. Please contact our office if you have questions about this

reserves the right to change a program’s dates, staff,

itineraries, or accommodations as conditions warrant. procedure.
 UZBEKISTAN

TERMS & CONDITIONS MEET OUR LEADERS

1. RESERVATIONS: 25% of the expedition fare,
along with a completed and signed Reservation Form,
will reserve a place for you on this Eco-Expeditions
(ECO) program. The balance of the expedition fare
is due 120 days prior to departure. Air fare is also due
at this time. All prices are quoted in U.S. dollars and
must be paid in U.S. dollars. Credit cards accepted for
deposit only.
If a trip must be delayed, or the itinerary changed due
to bad weather, road conditions, transportation delays,
GARY WINTZ (MAY DEPARTURE) –
airline schedules, government intervention, sickness, Gary Wintz graduated cum laude from Duns Scotus
College in Michigan with a degree in philosophy. He has
INDEPENDENCE OF THE ’STANS
or any other contingency for which ECO or its agents
cannot make provision, the cost of delays or changes is
not included. spent most of the past 30 years outside the US researching,
9. ITINERARY CANCELLATION: ECO reserves
writing, photographing, and lecturing about distant lands
the right to cancel an itinerary before departure for any and cultures, and has traveled to over 215 countries and The largest of the Five ’Stans, Kazakhstan is a country of steppes landscaped with vast
plains and hilly plateaus crisscrossed by rivers and lakes, including the Aral Sea, within its

2. CANCELLATION AND REFUND POLICY:
Notification of cancellation of this program and any
independent travel arrangements must be received in
writing by ECO. At the time we receive your written
cancellation, the following penalties will apply:
• 120 or more days prior to departure: $300 per person
• 60 through 119 days prior to departure: 50% of
expedition fare
• 59 days prior to departure through day of departure:
100% of expedition fare
Some air fare may be nonrefundable. Once an expedi-
tion has departed, there will be no refunds from ECO
for any unused portions of the trip. The above policy
also applies to all extensions and independent travel
arrangements made in conjunction with this program.
3. TRIP CANCELLATION AND INTERRUP-
TION INSURANCE: We strongly advise that all
travelers purchase trip cancellation and interruption
insurance as protection against an emergency that may
force you to cancel or leave from an expedition while it
is in progress. A brochure describing coverage will be
sent to you upon receipt of your reservation.
4. SHARE POLICY: Accommodations on all ECO
programs are based on double occupancy. If you are
traveling alone and wish to share accommodations,
a roommate will be assigned to you whenever pos-
sible. When pairing roommates, we will always pair
participants of the same sex. All shared accommoda-
tions are nonsmoking. If it is not possible to pair you
reason whatsoever, including too few participants or
logistical problems such as strikes, wars, acts of God,
or any other circumstances that may make operation
of the trip inadvisable. All trip payments received will
be promptly refunded, and this refund will be the
limit of ECO’s liability. ECO is not responsible for any
expenses incurred by trip members in preparing for
the trip, including nonrefundable or penalty-carrying
airline tickets, special clothing, visa or passport fees, or
other trip-related expenses.
10. PARTICIPATION: ECO reserves the right
to decline to accept any individual as an expedition
member for any reason whatsoever.
11. LIMITATIONS OF LIABILIT Y: This section
defines ECO’s responsibility with respect to all of our
trips, including extensions and independent arrange-
ments. Please read it carefully.
ECO, its Owners, Agents, and Employees give notice
that they act only as the agent for the owners, contrac-
tors, and suppliers providing means of transportation
and/or all other related travel services and assume no
responsibility howsoever caused for injury, loss, or
damage to person or property in connection with any
service resulting directly from: acts of God, detention,
annoyance, delays, expenses arising from quarantine,
strikes, thefts, pilferage, force majeure, failure of any
means of conveyance to arrive or depart as scheduled,
civil disturbances, terrorism, government restrictions or
regulations, and discrepancies or changes in transit or
hotel services over which it has no control. Reasonable
changes in the itinerary may be made where deemed
territories. Gary has worked on humanitarian projects
throughout Asia, and has contributed his expertise to devel-
opment projects in Ethiopia for UNICEF. In 1981 he taught
as a foreign expert at Chengdu University of Science and
Technology in Sichuan Province in China. In 1982 he was employed by Tibet University
in Lhasa, thus becoming one of the first Westerners to actually reside in Tibet since the
communist Chinese occupation. Gary has met with His Holiness the Dalai Lama many
times. Since 1987 Gary has worked as a consultant with development organizations and
for media projects throughout Southeast Asia, and has lectured on contemporary issues
at various institutions, including Harvard, Yale, and the World Affairs Council. He is a
longtime member of the Association of Asian Studies, the Central Eurasian Studies
Society, and the American Institute of Afghanistan Studies. Gary continues to lead
travelers regularly into inner Asia as well as Central Asia.
RON WIXMAN (SEPTEMBER DEPARTURE) –
Professor Ron Wixman, a specialist in world cultural geog-
raphy, is well versed in both the ancient and modern societies
of the Mediterranean, Eastern Europe, Japan, Southeast
Asia, Central Asia, and the Middle East. Ron is conversant
in several languages, including Croatian and Bulgarian. For
20 years, he spent the summers living in shepherds’ villages
in the Balkans. His extensive knowledge of the region has
led to his work as a consultant to the State Department and
Cover photos: Ashgabat mosque, Turkmenistan © Gary Wintz; on bottom, top photos - Uzbekistan © Gary Wintz; lower photos - Samarkand; Ashgabat market © Edith Zeller
boundaries. While the geography of the other ’Stans varies from ruggedly mountainous
Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the deserts and irrigated fertile belt of Turkmenistan, there is
a shared commonality of historical development among the ’Stans, with Kazakhstan’s his-
tory representational of the region.
The earliest recorded inhabitants were probably from Persia, followed by Alexander the
Great’s armies of the 4th century B.C. Two centuries later, the Silk Road trading route was
well established between the lands of the East (China and India) and the West. This over-
land caravan route would predominate until the Portuguese found a faster route by sea in
the late 15th century.
Meanwhile, the strategically located future ’Stans were visited by waves of succeeding in-
vaders and empires, including the Parthians, Kushans, Huns, more Persians, and then the
Turkic peoples of the 6th century who settled and became the ancestors of today’s popu-
lace. They were nomadic herders who lived in yurts—portable, dome-shaped tents made
of felt. Arabs conquered these tribes, followed by Mongols under Chinggis Khaan in the
13th century, Tamerlane in the 14th century, Uzbeks in the 15th century, and later by
Russians in the 19th century, who attempted massive settlements of Russians into these
territories. The Soviets claimed dominion over these lands after ousting the royal tsarist
regime in 1917.
The last decade of the 20th century was a tumultuous time of change for the Communist-
dominated societies of Russia, central Europe, and central Asia. All five of the ’Stans
were part of the Soviet Union until that country of vastly different ethnic cultures began

with a roommate, you will be required to pay a Single
Supplement. Please note that single accommodations
are limited and cannot be guaranteed throughout.
5. MEDICAL INFORMATION: Participation on an
ECO program requires that you be in generally good
health. It is essential that persons with any medical
problems and related dietary restrictions make them
known to us well before departure. We can counsel
you on whether the expedition you have selected is
appropriate for you.
The tour leader has the right to disqualify any
participant at any time during the tour if he/she feels
the participant is physically incapable and/or if a
participant’s continued participation will jeopardize
either the individual involved or the group. There will
be no refund given under these circumstances.
6. LUGGAGE RESTRICTIONS: Luggage size
and weight limitations for both checked and carry-on
luggage, imposed by the airlines or as an operational
requirement due to type of aircraft, will apply for
flights to/from/within this program. Specifications will
be provided with pre-departure materials.
7. CURRENCY FLUCTUATION AND FUEL COST
INCREASES: In order to keep rates as low as pos-
sible, we do not build into the trip fare an allowance to
cover possible increases from currency fluctuations or
fuel costs. Therefore, as currencies do fluctuate around
the world and fuel-cost increases may occur, it may be
necessary for us to initiate a minor rate surcharge at
any time before departure if there are exceptional cost
increases beyond our control.
8. ITINERARY CHANGES & TRIP DELAY:
Itineraries are based on information available at the
time of printing and are subject to change. ECO
advisable for the comfort and well-being of the pas-
sengers.
As described in item 7 above, all prices are subject to
change.
As described in item 9 above, in the event that an
expedition must be cancelled, ECO is not responsible
for any personal expenses incurred by trip members in
preparing for the program.
On advancement of deposit to ECO, the depositor
acknowledges that he/she has read and understands the
above recited terms and conditions, and agrees to be
bound by them.
ASHGABAT MARKET
© Edith Zeller
FIVE ’STANS
CIA on ethno-cultural conflict. He has traveled extensively
to crumble in the late 1980s. Like tumbling dominos, Communist-led governments suc-
throughout Asia and Europe and is a consultant with a number of government agencies
cumbed one by one. The Berlin Wall fell in 1989, followed by the collapse of Communist
in the U.S. and abroad on issues of ethnic, religious, and territorial conflicts in Eastern
rule in Czechoslovakia and Romania (1989), Yugoslavia (1990), and the Soviet Union itself
Europe, the former Soviet Union and the post-Soviet states, and the Middle East. At
(1990), ending the Cold War between East and West. By 1991 Albania ousted its com-
HIDDEN HEART OF ASIA
home in Oregon, Ron is not only a well known professor at the University of Oregon, but
munist rulers; Lithuania, Estonia, and Latvia declared their independence; and President
he is also a regular commentator on radio and television as an expert on religion, culture,
Gorbachev resigned, marking the final demise of the Soviet Union.
geopolitics, and ethnicity.
By late December of 1991, the Five ’Stans had formed their own constitutional republics,
united together in a loose commonwealth of independent states. Unfortunately, a number
of political and economic difficulties have beset these countries, severely hampering their
WHAT TO EXPECT
progress toward democracy and prosperity. Some of the republics are rich in agricultural
lands, and others in mineral and petroleum resources; how they use these will determine
The Five ’Stans are countries rarely visited by outside travelers. As such, they have poorly the future paths of the Five ’Stans.
developed tourist infrastructures. It is our policy to always use the best available accom-
modations, transportation, and services of the countries we visit, but lodgings and food
are not always up to Western standards. Participants should also be aware that devia-
tions from the published itinerary are possible and that we may experience delays during
border crossings. Travelers should also be prepared to walk or stand for extended periods,
and some days of the expedition will include long bus journeys over sometimes-rough
roads. Despite the often-rustic conditions, delays, and bumpy roads, this will be a fasci-
nating journey, full of epic moments for the experienced traveler who possesses a sense of
humor, flexibility, and a true spirit of adventure.
Due to the extensive time involved to procure the number of visas required for this pro-
gram, participants must plan to relinquish their passports for three months prior to the
departure date. If you have interim international travel scheduled during that time, you
must obtain a second passport. Please contact our office if you have questions about this

reserves the right to change a program’s dates, staff,

itineraries, or accommodations as conditions warrant. procedure.
 © Gary Wintz
UZBEKISTAN

FIVE ’STANS
I/We would like to join the following Eco-Expeditions program:
o MAY 4 – 21, 2010 LEADER: GARY WINTZ
o SEPTEMBER 7 – 24, 2010 LEADER: GARY WINTZ

NAME #1 (as it appears on passport)

(preferred name)

NAME #2 (as it appears on passport)

(preferred name)

ADDRESS

CITY STATE ZIP COUNTRY

PHONE (home) (office)

FAX E-MAIL

ACCOMMODATIONS: o Twin o Share (roommate to be assigned) o Single

I AM/WE ARE: o Nonsmokers o Smokers
DEPOSIT INFORMATION:
o Enclosed is a deposit check for $ (25% per person of the program fare)

o Charge the 25% per person deposit to o VISA o MasterCard o American Express

Card Number Expires

Authorized Cardholder Signature Date

(Note: Credit cards accepted for deposits only)

I/We have read and understand the enclosed Terms & Conditions for this program, and
agree to abide by them.

SIGNATURE DATE

SIGNATURE DATE
Please complete and return this Reservation Form with your deposit to:
ESTN1001-02

Giving You the World

 © Gary Wintz
PETROGLYPHS

FIVE ’STANS

DATES & RATES

DATES
MAY 4 – 21, 2010 LEADER: GARY WINTZ
SEPTEMBER 7 – 24, 2010 LEADER: GARY WINTZ

RATES
$10,780 per person, double occupancy $2,980 single supplement*

Limited to 24 expedition members.

INCLUDED: All accommodations and meals as outlined in the itinerary; group trans-
fers; guided excursions as stated in the itinerary; entrance fees for parks, reserves, etc.;
all gratuities; air transportation within Turkmenistan.

NOT INCLUDED: Air transportation except as listed above; excess baggage charges;
airport arrival and departure taxes; transfers for independent arrivals and departures;
passport and/or visa fees**; travel insurance; items of a personal nature such as laundry,
bar charges, alcoholic beverages, e-mail/fax/telephone charges.

AIR FARE: A tentative flight schedule is available upon request. Eco-Expeditions will
contact you approximately 180 days prior to the departure of this program to finalize
your flight plans. As of February 2009, the approximate economy air fare as listed in the
itinerary is $2,220 for New York/Frankfurt/Almaty – Ashgabat/Frankfurt/New York.
Additional fares from other cities will be quoted as needed.

All rates are per person, quoted in U.S. dollars, and must be paid in U.S. dollars. Rates
and itineraries are subject to change.

* A limited number of single accommodations are available.

** Please refer to the What to Expect section for important visa requirements.

2010 TERMS & CONDITIONS POLICY CHANGE

A $500 per person penalty fee will apply for any cancellations received 120 or
more days prior to departure. Please note that our terms and conditions listed
inside do not indicate this new policy, however it applies to all our expeditions
operating in 2010. If you return this reservation form to our office with your booking
you may want to make note of this policy change in the brochure.