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Indias first modern civil service was given by Macaulay committee in 1854. It said patronage
based system of the East India company be replaced by permanent Civil Service based on merit
through competitive entry examinations.
The report mode it very clear that first degree in arts at oxford or Cambridge University is
imperative and ICS demands only the best of the nation.
Between 1855 and 1878, more than two thirds who entered ICS were from above metioned
Universities. Thus maintain elite flavor for the service. However since 1922, the Indian civil
service Examination began to held in India.
Though Indian Civil Services (ICS) started, Indian political leaders chose to retain British
structure of a unified administrative system. Few lectures of the system were:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
Note:
The posts in the Union and the state governments arfe hierarchically arranged into four
groups-Groups A to Group D
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Article 312:
Constitution can empower the parliament to create the All India services in the national
interest. For such a resolution to tbe moved by the Council of states in the parliament, it requires
o special majority of two thirds of members present and voting. IAS and IPS are deemed to tbe
created according to this article.
The key objectives in Creation of All India Service are:
Preserving national unity and integrity and uniform standards of administration
Neutrality and objectivity (non-political, secular, non-sectarian outlook)
Competence and professionalism
Integrity
(v)
Idealism
Its design features are there
Explicit
(i)All India Character
(centralized recruitment
Implicit
Special Considerations.
(i)Good remuneration and (i)promotion from
service condtions
state services
(ii) Reservations.
There were more than 50 committees and Commissions to look into transforming
Civil Services and to set standards. The first Administrative Reforms commission set
in January 1966, says (w.r.t. Civil Services):
(i)Need for specialization
(ii) Unified Grading nature.
(iii)Recruitment
(iv)Recruitment Agencies
(v)Training
(vi)Promotion
(vii)conduct and Discipline
(viii)Service Conditions.
The chronological order of Committes/commissions appointed after
Independence writ Recruitment
1951 Report on Public Administration by A.D. Gorwala
1.
2.
3.
4.
NOTE:
Only service that was not functional but occupied most of the higher posts in
the civil services was the IAS.
(iv) ARC recommended eight brood areas of specialization.
Economic Administration
Industrial Administration
Agricultural & Rural Development Administration.
Social & Educational Administration
Personnel Administration.
Finance Administration
Defence Administration & Internal security
Planning.