Islam and The Environment

International Islamic University Malaysia
Kuala Lumpur
Islam and Environmental

Preservation
!
Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Zaki Zainudin

Email/Facebook : zakizainudin@gmail.com

Blog : zakizainudin.blogspot.com
Introduction
Allah has created everything in this universe in due

proportion and measure both quantitatively and
qualitatively. Allah has declared in the Quran:
Verily, all things have We created by measure (Quran 54:49)
Everything to Him is measured. (Quran 13:8)
And We have produced therein everything in balance. (Quran

55:7)

What is the Environment ?

Environment is a very common word and used extensively. But do we
really know the exact meaning of the word ?
Is Environment
= Forest?
= Rivers?
= Animals?
= Human Beings?
= Anything that is green in colour?

Webster Dictionary:
!
The complex of physical, chemical and biotic factors (climate, soil

and living things) that act upon an organism or an ecological
community and ultimately determine its form and survival

!
Environment Quality Act, 1974:

!
The physical factors of the surroundings of the human beings

including land, water, atmosphere, climate, odour, taste, the
biological factors of animals and plants and the social factor of
aesthetics

Water
We made from water every living thing (Quran
21:30)
Verily... in the rain that God sends down from
heaven, thereby giving life to the earth after its
death... (Quran 2:164)
It is He Who sends down water from the sky; and
thereby We have brought forth the plants of every
kind (Quran 6:99)

Water
And you see the earth barren and lifeless, but
when We pour down rain upon it, it stirs and
swells, and puts forth growth of every resplendent
kind. (Quran 22:5)
And We send down pure water from the sky,
thereby to bring to life a dead land and slake the
thirst of that which We have created-cattle and
men in multitudes. (Quran 25:48-49)

Sg. Kuantan (Upstream)

Sg. Tawau (Upstream)

B I O L O G I C A L I N D I C AT O R S
!
Kelah AKA Empurau AKA Malayan Mahseer (Tor tambroides)


Udang galah or giant river prawn caught at Kg.

Kobat dam on Sg. Kuantan
Saltwater crocodile
Impact
Damage of all forms and kinds is forbidden in

Islam. One of the fundamental principles of
Islamic law is the Prophetic declaration:
There shall be no damage and no infliction of
damage. (Al-Hakim)

Pollution
POLLUTION means any direct or indirect alteration of

physical, chemical, thermal or biological properties of
any part of the environment by discharging, emitting or
depositing environmentally hazardous substances
To cause a condition which is hazardous or potentially

hazardous to public health, safety or welfare or to
animals, birds, wildlife, fish or aquatic life, or to plants
To cause a contravention of any conditions, limitation

or restriction stipulated under the EQA 1974




SG. KALUMPANG

SG. KALUMPANG

SG. BELITONG, KLUANG
River water became murky as we were conducting

hydraulic measurements on Sg. Belitong. Downstream is
the Sg. Sayong intake. Pollution sources : palm oil mills,
poultry farms, plantations, light industries and small town
solids and turbidity
Fishkill incident in Sg. Pusu in IIUM in February

2014
Comparison Between Total PS & NPS Pollution Load Contribution

in the Sg.Langat Basin Based on the Event Sampling Approach
POLLUTION LOADING (ton/day)
14.414
0.409
0.460
5.692
1.200
8.354
8.149
206.670
245.350
Total
Metals
0.2440
0.0050
0.0056
0.0890
0.0200
0
0.0310
2.7780
3.1700
Ammonical Nitrogen
1.513
0.056
0.725
3.071
0.640
20784
0.664
0.057
9.510
2,791.030
8.0
92.0
15.2500
18.2
82.8
12.670
42.8
57.2
Pollution Source
COD
BOD
TSS
Industry
Wet Market
Pig Farm
Public STPs
Private STPs
ISTs
Landfill
Sand Mining
Total PS
22.65
1.07
1.02
20.68
4.34
17.26
5.65
20.88
93.55
5.536
0.384
0.201
5.047
1.060
7.140
1.048
0.820
21.240
Total NPS
% PS
% NPS
614.95
13.2
86.8
132.690
13.8
86.2
Closure
ofT Treatment
Due
to E R
POLLU
I O N D I S R UPlants
PTING
W AT
Pollution
& (Flood
S U P P LY
S O U R(2012)
C E : S PA N , 2 0 1 2 )
DATE
NAME OF WTP
CAUSE OF
POLLUTION
SOURCE
AREAS
AFFECTED
25 27 Jan
2012
Cheras Bt. 11 WTP
High Fluoride
Unknown
Kuala Lumpur
24, 25 & 29
Feb 2012
Sg. Selisik WTP
High Ammonia
Nitrogen
Rubber Factory
Hulu Selangor
effluent, Chicken
Farm and other
factories
25 Feb 2012
Semenyih WTP
High Ammonia
Nitrogen
Leachate from
Sanitary Landfill
Bangi & Kajang
29 Feb 2012
Semenyih WTP
High Ammonia
Nitrogen
Leachate from
Sanitary Landfill
Bangi & Kajang
1 to 6 Mac
2012
Kuala Terla WTP,

Cameron Highlands
Pesticide
Fishing activity
Cameron
Highlands
7 Mac 2012
Cheras Bt. 11 WTP
Diesel
Quarry
Kuala Lumpur
15
Closure
ofT Treatment
Due
to E R
POLLU
I O N D I S R UPlants
PTING
W AT
Pollution & Flood (2012).
S U P P LY ( S O U R C E : S PAContd
N, 2012)
DATE
NAME OF WTP
7 Mac 2012
CAUSE OF
POLLUTION
SOURCE
AREAS
AFFECTED
Ampang Intake WTP High Turbidity
Flood
Kuala Lumpur
8 Mac 2012
Langat WTP
High Turbidity
Flood
Kuala Lumpur
25 Mac
Semenyih WTP
High Ammonia
Nitrogen
Leachate from
Sanitary Landfill
Bangi & Kajang
10 April
Semenyih WTP
High Ammonia
Nitrogen
Leachate
fromSanitary
Landfill
Bangi & Kajang
26 April
SSP2 WTP
High Ammonia
Nitrogen
Leachate from
Sg. Air Hitam
Kuala Lumpur
High Turbidity
Flood
Kuala Lumpur
Oct & Nov

Langat WTP
2012 (4 days)

16
Sg. Kuantan NPS Pollution Loading

Area !
NH
(km
BOD (kg/
day)
COD (kg/
day)
TSS (kg/day)
Agriculture
898.3034
3,433.1
23,832.4
286,385.9
132.8
4.2
Bare &
Recreational
Land
36.5639
1,378.7
1,000.0
33,332.3
6.7
0.3
Forest
455.7630
266.8
1,195.0
321.3
4.4
4.5
1,171.5
6,285.0
2,414,739.8
232.0
1.3
6,250.1
32,312.4
2,734,779.2
375.9
10.3
Landuse
Development
(Residential
126.2546
&
Commercial)
TOTAL
1,516.8849
(kg/day)
TP (kg/day)
IMAGINE..
If Sg. Klang (left) was like Kamo-gawa/Takano-gawa

(right, in Japan), maybe water rationing would not be
needed.

Ablution
Extravagance in using water is forbidden; this applies

to private use as well as public, and whether the water
is scarce or abundant. It is related that the Prophet
passed by his companion Sad, who was washing for
prayer, and said:
What is this wastage, O Sa d?
Is there wastage even in washing for prayer? asked
Sa d;
and he said, Yes, even if you are by a flowing river!

Wastes, Exhausts, Cleansing Materials,

and Other Toxic and Harmful Substances
Waste products and exhaust fumes, resulting from ordinary

human or industrial activities and the uses of modern and
advanced technology, should be carefully disposed of or
eliminated in order to protect the environment against
corruption and distortion.
It is also vital to protect man from the effects of the harmful

impact of these on the environment, and its beauty and
vitality, and to ensure the protection of other environmental
parameters.
The accumulation of waste is largely a result of our

wastefulness.

Wastes, Exhausts, Cleansing Materials,

and Other Toxic and Harmful Substances
Harmful effects of cleansing agents, and other toxic or

harmful materials, used in homes, factories, farms, and
other public or private premises.
It is absolutely necessary to take all possible measures to

avoid and prevent their harmful effects before they occur,
and to eliminate or remove such effects if they do occur in
order to protect man and his natural and social
environment.
Indeed, if the damage resulting from these materials proves

greater than their benefits, they should be prohibited.

Sustainable Development
What is Sustainable Development?
The idea of sustainable development grew from numerous environmental
movements in earlier decades and was defined in 1987 by the World
Commission on Environment and Development (Brundtland
Commission 1987) as:

!
Development that meets the needs of the present without

compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

!
Sustainable development encompasses a number of areas and highlights

sustainability as the idea of environmental, economic and social progress
and equity, all within the limits of the worlds natural resources.

Sustainable Development

Interdependence Understanding the connections and links between all aspects of our lives and
the links between people, other living things and places at a local and global
level. Understanding that what happens in one place can affect what happens
somewhere else.
Diversity
Understanding the importance and value of diversity in people's lives - culturally,

socially, economically, and ecologically - and that our lives, our economy and our
well-being are impoverished without such diversity.
Carrying capacity Understanding that there are limits to the world's resources and the ways in
which the world can develop and that the consequences of unmanaged and
unsustainable growth are increased poverty and hardship and the degradation
of the environment, to the disadvantage of us all.
Rights and
responsibilities
Understanding the need to lead lives that consider the rights and needs of
others and recognising that what we do now has implications for what life might
be like in the future.
Equity and justice Understanding the underlying causes of inequity and recognising that for any
development to be sustainable it must benefit people in an equitable way and
not improve some lives at the expense of others.
Uncertainty and
precaution
Understanding that our actions may have unforeseen consequences and

recognise that there are limits to human knowledge and encouraging a cautious
approach to the welfare of our planet.
Role of Engineers
-
-
-
-
Reduce impact ;
Scientific and Engineering understanding
Reduce the rate of instability
How ? Structural and non-structural
control measures


Islam and The Environment

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International Islamic University Malaysia

Islam and Environmental

Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Zaki Zainudin

Allah has created everything in this universe in due

And We have produced therein everything in balance. (Quran

What is the Environment ?

The complex of physical, chemical and biotic factors (climate, soil

Environment Quality Act, 1974:

The physical factors of the surroundings of the human beings

Sg. Kuantan (Upstream)

Sg. Tawau (Upstream)

Kelah AKA Empurau AKA Malayan Mahseer (Tor tambroides)

Udang galah or giant river prawn caught at Kg.

Damage of all forms and kinds is forbidden in

POLLUTION means any direct or indirect alteration of

To cause a condition which is hazardous or potentially

To cause a contravention of any conditions, limitation

SG. BELITONG, KLUANG

River water became murky as we were conducting

solids and turbidity

Fishkill incident in Sg. Pusu in IIUM in February

Comparison Between Total PS & NPS Pollution Load Contribution

Cheras Bt. 11 WTP

Sg. Selisik WTP

Bangi & Kajang

Bangi & Kajang

Kuala Terla WTP,

Cheras Bt. 11 WTP

Ampang Intake WTP High Turbidity

Bangi & Kajang

Bangi & Kajang

Oct & Nov

Sg. Kuantan NPS Pollution Loading

If Sg. Klang (left) was like Kamo-gawa/Takano-gawa

Extravagance in using water is forbidden; this applies

Wastes, Exhausts, Cleansing Materials,

Waste products and exhaust fumes, resulting from ordinary

It is also vital to protect man from the effects of the harmful

The accumulation of waste is largely a result of our

Wastes, Exhausts, Cleansing Materials,

Harmful effects of cleansing agents, and other toxic or

It is absolutely necessary to take all possible measures to

Indeed, if the damage resulting from these materials proves

Development that meets the needs of the present without

Sustainable development encompasses a number of areas and highlights

Understanding the importance and value of diversity in people's lives - culturally,

Understanding that our actions may have unforeseen consequences and

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