Major Assumptions

The human being is fundamentally an

entity of body, soul, and spirit.
(Alligood,d 2010)
The human being is fundamentally a
religious being, but all human beings
have not recognized this dimension.
(Alligood, 2010)
The human being is fundamentally
holy. Human dignity means accepting
the human obligation of serving with
love, of existing for the sake of others.
(Alligood, 2010)
Communion is the basis for all
humanity. Human beings are
fundamentally interrelated to an
abstract and/or concrete other in a
communion. (Alligood, 2010)
Caring is something human by nature,
a call to serve in love. (Alligood, 2010)
Suffering is an inseparable part of life.
suffering and heath are each others
perspective (Alligood, 2010)
Health means a movement in
becoming, being and doing, and
striving for integrity and holiness
which is compatible with bearable
suffering. (Alligood, 2010)
The basic category of caring is
suffering. (Alligood, 2010)
The basic motive of caring is the
caritas motive. (Alligood, 2010)
Caring implies alleviating suffering in
charity, love, faith, and hope. Natural
basic caring is expressed through
tending, playing, and teaching in a
sustained caring relationship.
(Alligood, 2010)
Caring relationship forms the
meaningful context of caring and
derives its origin from the ethos of

Theory of Caritative Caring

By Katie Erikkson
Model

Nursing Nursing (nursing care

planning)
Nursing caring (nursing
process)
Caring
Nursing
(caritas &
communion)

Perspective of Nursing
Caring nursing- describes the innermost core of caring. it
represents a kind of caring without prejudice that emphasizes
the patient and his or her suffering and needs. Such care may
seem unstructured and chaotic from the outside, but its inner
structure reflects good, individual patient care. (Guzzetta,
1998)
Nursing care- based on the nursing process. it aims to meet the
patients needs systematically. it is based on illness and
diagnosis. it represents good care when it is controlled by the
innermost core of caring.

However, if the innermost part is

not taken into consideration,
nursing may be technically good,
but it is still not caring. (Guzzetta,
1998)
Nursing Nursing- based on the
structures of nursing care planning.
The aim is systemic planning of
patient care. Unless it is based on
the nursing process and the
essence of nursing, there is a risk
that nursing could. (Guzzetta,
1998)

Major Concepts

Caritas- implies that care is a mission in which faith, hope and

love through an inclination, play and learning involved. (Alligood,
2010)
Caring communion- contains elements of care includes the
categories of infinity and eternity and invites deep communion.
(Alligood, 2010)
the act of caring- the art of making something very special out of
something less special. (Alligood, 2010)
Cariative caring ethics- comprises the ethics of caring, the core
of which is determined by the caritas motive. (Alligood, 2010)
Dignity- is one of the basic concepts of cariative caring ethics.
Human dignity is partly absolute (born with it) and partly relative
(influenced by culture and external context). (Alligood, 2010)
Invitation-refers to the act that occurs when the caregiver
welcomes the patient to communion. (Alligood, 2010)
Suffering- struggle of human being between good and evil in a
state of becoming. it implies in some sense of dying away from
something, and through reconciliation the wholeness of body,
soul, and spirit is recreated when the human beings holiness and
dignity appears. Not same as pain. (Alligood, 2010)
Suffering related to illness, to care, and to life when the
patient is exposed to suffering caused by care or absence of
caring, the patient experiences suffering related to care. In the
situation of being a patient, the entire life of a human being may
be experienced as suffering related to life. (Alligood, 2010)
the suffering human being- used to describe the patient
(Alligood, 2010)
Reconciliation- human beings want to be confirmed in their
suffering and need time and space to suffer (Alligood, 2010)
Caring culture- describes the total caring reality and is based on
cultural elements such as traditions, rituals and basic values.
Respect for human beings, his or her dignity and holiness, forms
the goal of communion and participation in a caring culture.
(Alligood, 2010)

Application
A study was conducted in long
term facilities in western part of
Finland. The aim of this study was
to describe what possibilities care
givers regard themselves to have to
provide good care based on ethical
values in the daily care of older
persons. the result of the study
should that good care based of on
ethical values cannot always be
guaranteed in the care of older
person. There are possibilities to
provide the older adult with
individual, dignified and safe care,
Reference
and to establish a caring
Alligood, communion
M.R., & Tomey,
A.M.,
(2010).
Nursing theorists and
and closeness
in care.
th
their
work (7 ed). Maryland Heights. Missouri: Mosby
(Frilund)
Elsevier
Guzzetta , C. (11998). Essential readings in holistic nursing
Gaithersburg, Md.: Aspen.
Frilund, M. L. (2014). The caregivers
possibilities of providing ethically good
care for older people-a study on caregivers ethical
approach. Scandinavian Journal Of Caring Sciences,
28(2), 245-254