Experiment 1 Lab Title : Population Sampling Of rice weevils

Introduction

Population sampling is the process of taking a subset of subjects that is representative

of the entire population. The sample must have sufficient size to warrant statistical
analysis.It therefore becomes important to select the proper

method of sampling, the

process by which representative individuals are randomly selected to provide insights into
the entire population under study. The four methods of doing this include simple random
sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling and systematic sampling. There are several
problems facing on this method including very costly particularly where populations are
geographically dispersed or individuals are difficult to trace because of for example
marriage or migration.

Problem Facing

:Calculate Population Of Rice Weevils By Sampling Methods.

Apparatus and Materials :

1. A bottle of with cover hole contains population of rice weevils and 500g of flour that
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

have been filter. (mesh size 0.5mm)

1 tablespoon (quantity define by student)
2 Filter with size mesh 0.5mm an 0.75mm respectively.
1 drawing brush small size
2 Petri Dish (size diameter 10-15 cm)
Balance with top pan or single (accuracy & precision 0.01 g)
1 beaker ( volume: 1000ml)

Procedures
1. The bottle contain culture was shaking to make sure they completely mixture
2. The mass of beaker was defined by student.
3. The bottle of culture was transferring into beaker, and new mass of beaker was
defined by student. The beaker was drying.
4. By using sample tablespoon the sample rice weevils was transferring on to dry Petri
dish. The number of rice weevils (n) was counting by student and record on table. The
step was repeating until 20 samples.
5. By using the formula given, the number of sample (N) needed for precision 40% (or
0.4) was calculated by student.
6. The sampling technique was continue by using the (N) that getting from the
calculation (if the flour enough).
7. The new value of x min
x

8. The 20 sample was weighing and the

min mass was calculated.

9. The total of sample contains in the culture provided was calculated by student
according to the formula given:
Total Sample (T)

mass culture
x min mass of sample

10. From T. x min , the size of population was assumed

11. All cultures was filtered and real population of rice weevils (P) was defined by
calculated all rice weevils.

Result
The number of samples required for each accuracy 40% or 0.4

Number of sample (n)

Number of rice weevils

( x)

x2

12

144

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Total

min

49

17

289

25

16

256

49

14

196

49

34

1156

14

196

23

529

30

90

28

784

15

225

36

1296

27

729

35

1225

25

225

23

529

30

900

x=

Calculation
x

= n

405

x 2=

10151

405
20

20.25

Varian Sample

1
n1

( x )2
n

( 405 )2
10151 20

1
201

1
19

( 10151 8201.25 )

1
19

( 1949.75 )

102.62

The sample size (N) needed to provide an estimate of the population mean value in the
table range = 40%, the true value if D = 0.4, then

4 S2
D 2 X 2
4 ( 102.62 )

( 0.42 ) ( 20.252 )
6.26

As the value of N obtained is smaller than 20, then the data can be trusted, but we
need to find a new mean value as in practical work undertaken.
Mass Of Container

24.89g

Mass of flour + container + rice weevils

720g

Mass min sample(mass 20/sample/20 )

98.34 g
20

Total Sample

Size of Population T. x min (20sample) =

P(A)

Mass of culture
Mass min sample

4.92

720 g
4.92
146.34
146.34 (20.25)
2963.39

Number of sample (n)

Number of rice weevils

(x)

x2

25

625

64

16

11

121

24

576

17

289

1
2
3
4
5
6

Total
x

x 2=

=89

min (6 sample)

= n

89
6

14.83

Mass min sample(mass 6/sample/6)

19.44 g
6

Mass min sample(mass 6/sample/6)

19.44 g
6

Total Sample

3.24

T
T
6

Mass of culture
Mass min sample

720 g
3.24
222.22

1691

Size of Population T. x min (6sample)

=
=

222.22 (14.83)

3295.52

( P)= 1230

Questions & Answer

1. Compare the true population size with an estimated population size and also find
the sample mean (P / T) is true with the estimated sample mean (x) the.
(P) Real size population

1230

(PA)Assumption size population

2963.39-1230

The difference between the size of the population (P) - (PA) 1733.39
Min Actual Sample

P
T

1230
146.34

8.41
Min Assumption Sample

P ( A)
T

2963.39
146.34

20.25

Differences between min

PP( A)
T
12302963.39
146.34

= -1733.39
= -11.84
2. Is the estimated sample mean is found within 40% of the sample means? What accuracy if
you have taken only a few larger sample.
We found min real sample (P) =8.41
AND
min assumption P(A) =20.25

40% min Actual sample

40 8.41
100

= 3.36

40 20.25
100
=

40% min assumption sample

=8.10

If the mean of the sample contained in a 40% mean sample, we find that, the actual
sample means 3.36 <min sample budget <actual sample mean + 3.36

8.41-3.36 < 20.25

<8.41+3.36

5.05

<11.77

<20.25

the sample mean estimate is 8.14 and lies in the interval (5:05 <> 11:77), Then

conclude That the sample mean estimate of 40% is contained in sample. If mean we take
only a
few larger sample, the accuracy is less. This is due to the standard error is large
if the
sample is large.

3. If the index of precision (D) was set at the value of 0.1, calculate the number o samples
should you take in the study in
4 S2
2 2
N
D X

4 ( 102.62 )

( 0.12) ( 20.25 2)
410.48
41.00

= 100.12
4. Specify the sources of error that may have influenced your decision in this study
8

Calculated the number of beetles may not be accurate. This is because the beetle is
always moving and quite difficult to calculate accurately numbered. We may have
been counting beetle between beetle than once or not count at all. There is also the
possibility of beetle between beetle is sticking to each other but have been treated as

one.
Beetle distribution in uneven culture. This may be because the shaking is done too
slowly or not shaken culture bottles evenly. It is possible this is not shaken culture

bottles directly. So its no randomly.

The way of sampling can also affect the results. Way of sampling is not constant
cause differences in the total volume of the sample taken. This in turn will affect the
distribution of beetles in the sample. For example, the first sample been taken not

flattened but flattened second sample surface

Reading for beaker weight, sample weight and so inaccurate. This may be because
some of the students do not have or are not skilled at using a weighing scale. By the

readings taken may not be accurate

Spoon samples used may vary from one sample to another sample. Methods and

techniques students perform sampling also may vary for each of the samples taken.
Beaker and the sample used was not completely dry. This leads to global much flour
will stick to the beaker and sample. If tablespoons flour in a beaker was wet, heavy
reading of the beaker, the weight of the flour and the sample weight is not accurate
and influence the results and calculations

Discussion & Conclusion

Sampling process plays a very important role in ecological studies. Theoretical
sampling process is the basis for the understanding of all ecological studies. All
approaches to the sample obtained was used to make the hypothesis of the whole of a
population. In the rice weevil population sampling, estimation of the number of samples
is essential for the calculation of mean values, standard error and variance of a sample.
The number of samples required in the investigation of the population ecology of a
species can enable estimates. All these approaches can be applied to any population. In

other words, the study of rice weevil population size may be associated with the
environment and other organisms can be concluded that the accuracy.

References
1.Price, pte W. (1993), Ekologi serangga, penterjemahan : Maryati Mohamad.
DBP,Kuala Lumpur.
2.Wratten, S.D & G.L.A. Fry (1980), Field and Laboratory Exercises in
Ecology.Edward Arnold (Pub) Ltd. London.
3.Andrewartha, H.G 1961. Introduction to the study of animal population. Methuen
4.Southwood, T.R.E 1978. Ecological Methods with Particular Reference to thestudy
of insect populations. Chapman and Hall. London

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