CE-751 Urban Transportation Systems Planning

Assignment No. 07

An Introduction to Transit Oriented Development

Date of Submission: 01/09/2014

Submitted by
Choudhari Tushar Pramod
143040009

Table of Contents
7.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1
7.2 Definition ............................................................................................................................. 1
7.3 Advantages of TOD ............................................................................................................. 1
7.4 Objectives of TOD ............................................................................................................... 2
7.5 Transit oriented verses adjacent oriented ............................................................................. 2
7.6 Transit Oriented Development in Mumbai .......................................................................... 3
7.6.1 Transit oriented development strategy in Mumbai ....................................................... 3
7.6.2 Inadequacy of the current strategy ................................................................................ 4
References .................................................................................................................................. 5

List of Tables
Table 7. 1 Difference between TOD and TAD .......................................................................... 2

List of Figures
Figure 7. 1 Mumbai map TOD of rail ........................................................................................ 3

Assignment No. 07

An Introduction to Transit Oriented Development

7.1 Introduction
Transit oriented development is the wisest method of development in transportation among
urban cities in developing countries (like India). It has several advantages over individual
transport mode. In this type of development, people are forced not to use individual
transportation means like vehicles, cars, etc. People are promoted to take advantage of public
transportation system. This helps in solving pollution and congestion problems in urban or
metro cities. It is not the only way to develop cities. In some cities, it may not be useful. But
it is very much suitable today in urban agglomerated cities like Mumbai, Pune, Nagpur, etc.

7.2 Definition
A transit oriented development (TOD) is a mixed use residential and commercial area
designed to maximize access to public transport, and often incorporates features to encourage
transit ridership. A TOD neighborhood typically has a center with a transit station or stop
(train station, metro station, tram stop, or bus stop), surrounded by relatively high-density
development with progressively lower-density development spreading outward from the
center. TODs generally are located within a radius of one-quarter to one-half mile (400 to 800
m) from a transit stop, as this is considered to be an appropriate scale for pedestrians, thus
solving the last mile problem.

7.3 Advantages of TOD

TOD results in the creation of compact, walkable and livable communities, with access to
amenities, centered on high quality mass transit station.

It helps in keeping the smooth flow of traffic thereby minimizing the travel time for the
people to reach their destination.

It can be focused on the people of lower or middle income group. These people are huge
in population and can be largely benefitted.

The overall economy of the country can be increased.

Even though increase in urban agglomeration, the development of cities can be planned in
order to satisfy the requirements of the citizens.

7.4 Objectives of TOD

Manage people densities and not just built-up areas.

Manage diverse mix of land uses, with access to shared social amenities and open spaces.

Improve design for pedestrian access, with active street edges and a people-oriented
urban form.

Enhance public transport access, comfort, and inter Enhance public transport access,
comfort, and inter-modal connectivity to improve accessibility to destinations;

Decrease distance to transit distance to transit and encourage local walking and cycling
and encourage local walking and cycling trips.

Rationalize private vehicle usage through rationalize private vehicle usage through
demand management demand management using comprehensive travel demand modeling
strategies.

7.5 Transit oriented verses adjacent oriented

The following table shows the difference between the both the development.
Table 7. 1 Difference between TOD and TAD
Transit oriented development

Transit adjacent development

1. Grid street pattern

1. Suburban street pattern

2. Higher densities

2. Lower densities

3. Limited surface parking and efficient

3. Dominance of surface parking

parking management
4. Pedestrian- and bicycleoriented design

4. Limited pedestrian and cycling access

5. Mixed housing types, including multi-

5. Mainly single-family homes

family
6. Horizontal (side-by-side) and vertical

6. Segregated land uses

(within the same building) mixed use

7. Office and retail, particularly on main

7. Gas stations, car dealerships, drive-

streets.

through stores and other automobilefocused land uses.

7.6 Transit Oriented Development in Mumbai

Figure 7. 1 Mumbai map TOD of rail

(Source: Vision of Mumbai available at http://www.visionmumbai.org/images/projects)
This area above shown is Mumbai rail development along the main route of transport of the
people. Also the city is developed around the main stations as shown in circles above figure.
The monorail and metro rail also cover the various main stations where the development is
quite satisfactory. Though the development is going on, still the current system is not fully
satisfied or comfortable. It is having some inadequate due to following reason.

7.6.1 Transit oriented development strategy in Mumbai

Redevelopment through Transit Oriented Development to minimize dependence on

private modes of transport.

A series of road based networks, are included under the TOD strategy

1. Hubs along arterial roads such as Ambedkar road-Dadar circle, Matunga circle and
circle, and Sion circle,

2. Influence zone of new, ongoing or proposed infrastructure projects such as the

Mumbai-Trans Harbour Link, Coastal Road, Santacruz-Chembur Link Road Western
Freeway and Eastern Freeway and the Link Road, Western Freeway and Eastern
Freeway and the proposed E-W link road connecting Goregaon to Mulund.

Intensification of land uses and facilitating compact high density mixed use
developments in areas around railway stations, (but fails to state accessibility to
amenities and public transit as an important objective.)

7.6.2 Inadequacy of the current strategy

Road networks such as the coastal road, trans harbour link, the proposed E-W underground
connector, are not valid to be considered under a TOD strategy as there is no dedicated public
transit system proposed on them; Intensification of built-up area along these corridors without
public transit will only incentivize car ownership and use along these corridors, quite contrary
to the intent of a transit oriented strategy.
A TOD strategy is stated upfront in the vision, but does not seem to appear at all scales;
there is little mention on how a TOD strategy will get realized going forward.
The existing improvements are limited to the gateway zone (200m) around stations however
the larger catchment area is not considered. There is a need of stations, however, the larger
catchment area is not considered. There is a need to prepare Local Area Plans for the TOD
zones to prioritize NMT access.

References
1. EMBARQ India (2013), Transit Oriented Development Strategy Transit Oriented
Development

Strategy

for

Mumbai,

[online]

Available

at:

http://www.visionmumbai.org/images/projects/Document_DP_Comments_Workshop%2
0%5BCompatibility%20Mode%5D122013031708.pdf, [Accessed on 31 August 2014]
2. Roy R. (2009), Transit oriented development in Delhi, [online: Slide share] Available at
http://www.slideshare.net/onlyromi/vision-for-delhi-uttipec?next_slideshow=1

[Accessed on 31 August 2014]

3. TDM Encyclopedia (11 June 2014), Transit Oriented Development, [online] Available at:
http://www.vtpi.org/tdm/tdm45.htm, [Accessed on 31 August 2014]
4. Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia (2014), Transit oriented development, [online]
Available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transit-oriented_development , [Accessed on 31
August 2014]