UNIT 3

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Impact

of
jet
is
the
force
exerted
[
a
]
(a) change in momentum of the mass coming out of jet

due

to

(b) Change in K.E. of the mass coming out of jet

(c) Inertia of motion of the mass coming out of jet
(d) Weight of the mass coming out of jet
2.

The efficiency of a jet of water having a velocity V striking a series of

vertical plates moving with a
velocity U is maximum when
[
b
]
(a) U = 2V

(b) U = V/2

(c) U = 3V/2

(d) U =

4V/3
3.
c

The force acting by the jet of liquid on a fixed vertical plate is given by
]
(b) F = aV 2/2

(a) F = aV
4.
d

(c) F = aV2

(d) F = a/V

The equation used for finding the force exerted by the jet on a plate is
]

(a) Continuity equation (b) Bernoullis equation (c) Eulers equation

(d) impulse momentum equation
5. According to Euler momentum equation for the flow of jet through a moving
blade, the work done
per
kg
is
given
by
[
a
]
(a) U (Vw1 + Vw2)
+ Vw2) / (gU)

Kaplan
[

(b) U (Vw1 + Vw2) / g

(c) Vr1 (Vw1 + Vw2)

(d) (Vw1

turbine
c

(a) an impulse turbine

(b) a radial flow impulse turbine

is

(c) an axial flow reaction turbine

(d) a radial flow reaction turbine

7.
A turbine is called reaction turbine if at the inlet of the turbine, the
total energy is
[
b
]
(a) Kinetic energy only

(b) kinetic energy and pressure energy

(c) pressure energy only

8.
[

The

(d) hydraulic energy

runner

passages

of

reaction

turbine

are

]
(a) partially filled with water

(b) always completely filled with

water
(c) never filled with water
9.
[

The
a

net

(d) filled with glycerine

head

(H)

on

the

turbine

is

given

by

(a) H = Gross head Head lost due to friction (b) H = Gross head + Head
lost due to friction
(c) H = Gross head x Head lost due to friction
(d) H = Gross head + (V2/2g) Head lost due to friction
10 In
[
d

which
]

turbine

(a) Propeller turbine

(b) (d) Kaplan turbine

the

runner

(b) Francis turbine

blades

are

adjustable

(c) Pelton turbine

Fill in the blanks:

11. In the case of a stationary vertical plate, the jet after striking the plate will
get deflected through 900
12. In case of a jet impinging on a moving curved blade, component of absolute
velocity which is along the direction of motion is called velocity of whirl.
13. The ratio between the output and input of the jet is called efficiency of the
jet.
14. For a given initial velocity of the jet, the vane efficiency is maximum, when
the velocity of jet at vane
outlet(V 2) is minimum.

15

When the jet strikes a moving curved plate tangentially, the loss of energy due to impact
of the jet will
be zero.

16

The water hammer effect is more troublesome with Francis turbine.

17 The ratio of diameter of pelton wheel to diameter of the jet of water is called
jet ratio
18 For the maximum efficiency of the Pelton Wheel the condition is u = V1/2
19 Degree of reaction is defined as the ratio of pressure energy change inside
a runner to the total energy change inside the runner.
20. The hub acts as a runner for axial flow reaction turbine.

UNIT 4

Multiple Choice Questions

1.
[

Operating

characteristic

curves

of

turbine

means

]
(a) Curves drawn at constant speed

(b) Curves drawn at constant

efficiency
(c) Curves drawn at constant head
2.
[

Muschel

means

(b) Curves at constant speed

(c) Curves at constant efficiency

Main
]

characteristic

(d) None of the above

curves

(a) curves at constant speed

Unit
]

Power

(Pu)

of

turbine

means

(b) curves at constant efficiency

(c) curves at constant head

4
[

curves

]
(a) Curves at constant head

3
[

(d) None of the above

(d) all the above

is

given

by

the

expression

(b) Pu = P/H3/2

(a) Pu = P/H
5
[

(c) Pu = P/H3/4

(d) Pu = P/H5/4

Cavitation will take place if the pressure of the flowing fluid at any point is
c
]

(a)
more than vapour pressure of the fluid
(b) equal to vapour pressure of
the fluid
(b)
is less than vapour pressure of the fluid
(d) none of the above
6 Pumps used in pumping highly viscous fluids belong to the category of
[
a
]
(a)
Screw pumps
(b) centrifugal pumps
(c) turbine pump
(d) plunger pump
7 For a centrifugal pump, the suction pipe has ________ diameter as compared
to the
discharge pipe
[

8
[
(a)

(a) Smaller
tapered
Cavitation
b
]

(b) larger
in

centrifugal

(c) equal
pumps

Reducing the discharge

(c) Increasing the discharge

can

be

(d)
reduced

by

(b) Reducing the suction head

(d) Increasing the flow velocity

9 If diameter of a centrifugal pump impeller is doubled but discharge is to

remain
same,
then
the
head
needs
to
be
reduced
by
[
d
]
(a)
2 times
(b) 4 times
(c) 8 times
(d) 16 times
10 Manometric efficiency of a centrifugal pump is the ratio of manometric head
to
[
a
]
(a)

head imparted by impeller to liquid

(c) available head

(b) work supplied to shaft

(d) none

Fill in the blanks:

1. Specific speed of a turbine is given by the expression ----------------------------.

2. The curves between Unit discharge and Unit speed for a Francis turbine are
falling curves.

3.

Turbine is the most efficient turbine for part load operation conditions

4. the unit discharge of a turbine is given by the expression -----------------.

5. High speed and low head indicate the turbine is Kaplan turbine

In a centrifugal pump, the sum of suction head and delivery head is called static head.

7 The manometric head of a centrifugal pump is given by expression

-----------------------8 To discharge a large quantity of liquid by multi-stage centrifugal pump, the
impellers are connected in
Parallel.
9 The centrifugal pump is started keeping delivery value fully closed.
10 A pump is a device which converts mechanical energy into hydraulic
energy

UNIT 5

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. The process by which water is released to the atmosphere by the plants is

called
[
b
]
(a) evaporation
(b) transpiration
(c) transportation
(d)
gasification
2.
The science which deals with the depletion and replenishment of water
resources is
[
c
]
(a) geology

(b) zoology

(c) hydrology

(d)

cryptology
3. __________ is the graph of the cumulative values of water quantity (run-off)

against
[

(a) Hydrograph
Power duration curve
4.
a

time

(b) Mass curve

(c) Flow duration curve

(d)

Hydrograph studies can be done in about ______ sq. kilometers of areas.

]
(a) 5000

(b) 6000

(c) 7000

(d)

8000
5. The
[

factors
d
]
(a) Rainfall pattern
(d) all the above

affecting

7.

run

(b) Character of catchment area

6. The theoretical power (Pth)

calculated with the
formula
[
c
]
(a) Pth = wQ/(1000H)
H/(1000wQ)

the

off

are

(c) Topography

in kW available from falling water can be

(b) P th = w/(QH)

(c) P th = wQH/1000

(d) P th =

One of the following is not a safety measure in hydroelectric power plant for
its safe
Operation
[
a
]
(a) Penstock
Sand traps

(b) Surge tanks

(c) Jet dispersers

(d)

8. The water discharge from the ____________ is passed on to the tailrace

through a separate
Pipeline
[

]
(a) Jet disperser

(b) Pressure regulator

(c) Surge tank

(d)

Screen
9. In order to draw the _______ curve, the cumulative volume of water that can
be stored month after
month
[
c

is
]

needed

(a) Flow duration

all the above

(b) Power duration

(c) mass

(d)

10. The negative inclination of mass curve would show that the amount of water flowing in
the reservoir was
_______than the loss due to evaporation and seepage
[
b
]
(a) less
cant be predicted

(b) more

(c) equal

(d)

Fill in the blanks:

11. All the water that falls from atmosphere to earths surface is called as precipitation.
12. Discharge graphs are known as flood or run-off graphs.
13. The flow duration curve is drawn with the help of hydrograph.
14. Mass curve is a convenient device to determine the storage requirements of water.
15. The area under the flow duration curve gives the total quantity of run-off during that
period.
16. The shape of the flow duration curve may change with the length of record.
17.
18. Power development curve is a very useful tool in the analysis for the development of
water power.
19. The increase of temperature decreases the viscosity of liquid
20. Bernoulis theorem deals with law of conservation of energy

UNIT III
1.

(a) explain force exerted by the jet on a stationary vertical plate.

(b) find the force exerted by a jet of water of diameter 75mm on a stationary
flate plate, when
the
jet strikes the plate normally with velocity of 20m/s.
2. Derive an expression for the force exerted by a jet striking the curved plate
at one end tangentially when the plate is symmetrical.

(a) Derive the expressions for force and work done per second by the jet when
it strikes the inclined plate moving in the direction of the jet.
(b) A jet of water of diameter 70 mm moving with a velocity of 40 m/sec
strikes a curved fixed plate tangentially at one end at an angle of 30 0 to
the horizontal. The jet leaves the plate at an angle of 20 0 to the
horizontal. Find the force exerted by the jet on the plate in the horizontal
and vertical direction.
4. (a) What is jet ratio and angle of deflection of jet in hydraulic design of a
Pelton Wheel ? What are the hydraulic functions of casing of a Pelton Wheel ?
(b) A Pelton Wheel turbine develops 9000 kW under a head of 300 m. The
turbine speed is 550 rpm and ratio of jet dia. to wheel dia. is 1/10. The
hydraulic, volumetric and mechanical efficiencies are 0.98, 0.95 and 0.92
respectively. The speed ratio is o.46 and coefficient of velocity is 0.98.
Calculate the no. of jets to be provided i. the absolute velocity at inlet and
its inclination to the tangent of runner ii. discharge and iii. the velocity of
flow at outlet.
UNIT IV
1 (a) Draw a schematic diagram of a Francis and discharge through nozzle is
150 litres/s, find:i Power available clearance angle is 15 0 at the nozzle and ii.
Hydraulic turbine and explain briefly its construction and working.
(b) The following data is given for a Francis turbine. Net head = 70 m, speed
= 600 rpm, shaft power = 367.875 kW, 0 = 85%, h = 95%, flow ratio =
0.25, breadth ratio = 0.1, outer diameter of the runner = 2 x inner diameter
of runner. The thickness of vanes occupy 10% of the circumferential area of
the runner. Velocity of flow is constant at inlet and outlet and discharge is
radial at outlet. Determine : i. Guide blade angle ii. Runner vane angles at
inlet and outlet
iii. Diameters of runner at inlet and outlet and iv. Width of wheel at inlet.

2. (a) How does the Kaplan turbine get its name ? Explain its construction and
working.
(b) A Kaplan turbine working under a head of 29 m. develops 1287.5 kW S.P.
If the speed ratio is equal to 2.1, flow ratio = 0.62, diameter of boss = 0.34 times
the diameter of the runner and overall efficiency of the turbine = 89%, find the
diameter of the runner and speed of the turbine.

3(a) Define draft tube and what are its functions. Explain why draft tube is
provided for a Kaplan turbine and Francis turbine when compared with a Pelton
Wheel.
(b) A reaction turbine is 2 m. above the tail water level and works under a head of
25 m. The draft tube records a vacuum gauge reading of 5.3 m. of water and its
inlet diameter is 2.2 m. The efficiencyof thedraft tube is 80%. What is the power
developed by the turbine with an efficiency of 90% .
4. (a) Define a centrifugal pump. Explain the working of a single stage centrifugal
pump with sketches.
(b) ) A centrifugal pump is running at 1000 rpm. The outlet
vane angle of the impeller is 30 0 and velocity of
flow at outlet is 3 m/s. The
pump is working against a total head of 30 m. and the discharge through the pump
is 0.3 m3/s. If the manometric efficiency of the pump is 75%, determine:
i.

the diameter of the impeller ii. the width of the impeller at outlet.

UNIT 5

1. a) Explain how load factor, capacity factor and utilization factor are interrelated . What is
the significance of diversity factor?
b) For a hydro power plant the design capacity is 150MW. If the generated power is
125MW determine the efficiency of the plant. If the peak discharge is 1.5 times the
average discharge. Determine the plant capacity and plant factor?
2. A) Draw the general layout of Hydro Electric Power Plant and explain the working of its
elements?
B) The head and discharge of a hydro electric plant are 28m and 330m 3/s respectively. The
installed turbine works with an efficiency of 86%. Find the power developed?
3. A) What is the storage requirement of pumped storage type of power station? List out and
discuss features of pumped storage with neat sketches?
B) A run-off stream with an installed capacity of 12000KW operates at 15% load factor
when it serves as a peak load station. What should be the lowest discharge in the stream so
that the station may serve as the base load station. It is given that plant efficiency is 70%
when working under a head of 18m. Also calculate the maximum load factor of the plant
when the discharge in the stream rises to 18cumecs.
4. A) What are the components of a mass curve? What are its properties? Explain how it is
constructed from a hydrograph?
B) What is meant by flow duration curve and power duration curve? How do you
differentiate these two curves? Also explain power duration curve in detail?