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SLIDES NUMBER
12.10
INTEGRATION 10
(Further reduction formulae)
by
A.J.Hobson
12.10.1
12.10.2
12.10.3
12.10.4
sin x dx and
cosnx dx.
sinnx dx.
In = sin
x( cos x) +
dv
= sin x,
dx
(n 1)sinn2xcos2x dx.
EXAMPLE
Determine the indefinite integral
Z
sin6x dx.
Solution
1
5
I6 = sin x cos x + 5I4 .
6
2
But,
1
3
I4 = sin x cos x + 3I2 ,
4
I2 =
1
[ sin x cos x + I0]
2
and
I0 =
dx = x + A.
Hence,
I2 =
1
[ sin x cos x + x + A] ;
2
1
3
3
I4 = sin3x cos x sin x cos x + x + B ;
4
2
2
I6 =
1
5 3
15
15
5
sin x cos x
sin x cos x sin x cos x + x + C
6
4
8
8
1 5
5 3
5
5x
= sin x cos x sin x cos x sin x cos x+ +D.
6
24
16
16
3
cosnx dx.
In = cos
x sin x +
dv
= cos x,
dx
(n 1)cosn2xsin2x dx.
EXAMPLE
Determine the indefinite integral
Z
cos5x dx.
Solution
1 4
I5 = cos x sin x + 4I3 .
5
But,
1 2
I3 = cos x sin x + 2I1
3
and
I1 =
cos x dx = sin x + A.
Hence,
1 2
I3 = cos x sin x + 2 sin x + B ;
3
1 4
4 2
8
1
4
8
= cos4x sin x + cos2x sin x + sin x + D.
5
15
15
5
sin x dx and
cosnx dx.
642
n1 n3 n5
.
.
. . . . . . .I1.
n n2 n4
753
But,
I1 =
sin x dx or I1 =
cos x dx,
Therefore,
(n 1)(n 3)(n 5). . . . 6.4.2
In =
.
n(n 2)(n 4). . . . 7.5.3
(b) n is an even number
Repeated application of the reduction formula gives
n1 n3 n5
531
In =
.
.
. . . . . . .I0.
n n2 n4
642
But
Z
I0 =
dx = .
2
Therefore,
(n 1)(n 3)(n 5). . . . 5.3.1
In =
.
n(n 2)(n 4). . . . 6.4.2 2
EXAMPLES
1. Evaluate the definite integral
Z
sin5x dx.
Solution
4.2
8
= .
0 sin x dx =
5.3 15
2. Evaluate the definite integral
Z
cos4x dx.
Solution
Z
3.1 3
cos x dx =
= .
4.2 2
16
4
sinmxcosnx dx,
cos5xsin2x dx.
Solution
Z
=
=
0
Z
cos5xsin2x dx
5
cos x 1 cos x dx
=
.
5.3 6.4.2 15 35 105