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-2 system, 63-9
n system, 63-9
100%
rated circuit breaker, 72-9
capacity and 100% head, 67-8
2-inch rule, 41-22
2,4-D, 68-18
2:1 ellipsoidal head, 55-5
20 kHz response, 73-6
3-2-1-0 system, 63-9
300 series stainless chains, 59-17
50 Stokes, number, 66-13
80%
rated circuit breaker, 72-9
rule, 72-9

A
Abatement, sound, 73-11
Abbreviations, sprinkler, 67-7
Ablation, 34-2 (ftn)
Above-ground storage tank, 69-1
Abrasive, 47-18, 65-5
cleaning, 65-13
grit size, 65-5 (tbl)
machining, 65-5
type, 65-5 (tbl)
ABS pipe, 16-9
Abscissa, 7-2
Absolute
acceleration, 57-10
convergence, 3-13
efficiency, 66-14
efficiency, cyclone, 66-14
English system, 1-4
entropy, 23-6
overall, 66-14
position, 57-10
pressure, 14-2
temperature, 23-4
temperature scale, 23-4, 23-5
velocity, 57-10
viscosity, 14-6 (ftn)
Absorbent, 33-8
dehumidification, 38-12
Absorber, 33-8
acoustic, 73-9
plate, 31-2
Absorbing state, 63-35
Absorptance, 31-2
Absorption
coefficient, 20-9
coefficient, sound, 73-9
cycle, 33-7
dry, 71-20
dynamometer, 64-13
factor, 71-24
gas, 71-2
heat (boiler), 26-4
instantaneous heat, 43-2
process, 71-2
surface, 73-10
Abundance, relative, 20-2
AC machine, 72-12
Accelerated
Cost Recovery System, 74-22
depreciation method, 74-22

Acceleration
absolute, 57-10
angular, 57-7
centripetal, 15-19 (ftn)
Coriolis, 57-8, 57-9
fluid mass, 15-19
head, 18-2, 18-3
instantaneous center of, 57-14
linear, 57-4
normal component, 57-8
of gravity, 1-2
relative, 57-10
resultant, 57-8, 57-14
second, 59-12
tangential, 57-8
uniform, 57-3
uniform, formulas, 57-4 (tbl)
Accelerometer, 60-21
Acceptance, 75-3
plan, 63-25
quality level, 63-26
Acceptor wall, 28-13
Accident, loss of coolant, 30-2
Accidental
infiltration, 40-5
release, gas, 25-15
Account
accumulated depreciation, 74-23 (ftn)
equipment, 74-23 (ftn)
Accounting, 74-36
convention, 74-34 (ftn)
equation, 74-33
principle, standard, 74-34 (ftn)
Accreditation Board for Engineering and
Technology, 76-1 (ftn)
Accrual system, 74-34
Accumulation, 8-7
pressure, 55-21
Accumulator (see also type), 17-39, 19-6
hydro-pneumatic, 19-6, 19-7
mechanical spring-loaded, 19-6
sizing, 19-7 (tbl)
weight-loaded, 19-6
Accuracy, 63-16 (ftn), 64-1
experiment, 11-11
Acetylene gas, 65-11
ACFM, 41-2
ACH50, 43-4
Acid, 20-12
carbonic, 20-20, 20-23, 71-25 (ftn)
constant, 20-15
gas, 68-4
hydrochloric, 68-4
polyprotic, 20-16
rain, 68-5
-test ratio, 74-35
-vapor dew point, 29-8 (ftn)
Acidity, 20-20
Acme thread, 59-2
Acoustic
absorber, 73-9
barrier, 73-10
emission testing, 48-12
holography, 48-13
impedance, 73-6
impedance, specific, 73-6
mass law, 73-11

ohm, 73-6
velocity, 14-14, 73-5
Across-variable, 61-3
Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, 16-9 (ftn)
pipe, 67-4
Act, fraudulent, 75-6
Actinide, 20-2
Actinon, 20-2
Action
capillary, 14-12
chimney, 21-17
error in, 54-15
galvanic, 20-18
level, noise, OSHA, 73-12
limit, 63-23
line of, 5-1, 45-2, 54-11
line of, length, 54-11
pop, 16-12
proportional, 44-5
shear force of, 53-17
space, 63-34
tort, 75-6
Activated
carbon, 71-3
charcoal, 71-3
Active
base, isolation, 60-15
coil, 54-5
element, 61-2
lateral earth pressure, coefficient of, 66-7
solar system, 31-2
system, 62-11
wire length, 54-6
Activity, 23-10, 63-3
and fugacity, 23-10
-on-branch, 63-5
-on-node, 63-4
Actual
cubic feet per minute, 41-2
filtering velocity, 71-6
work, pump, 26-7
Actuating signal ratio, 62-4
Actuator, 44-1
linear, 19-8
pneumatic, 44-1
rotary, 19-8 (ftn)
Acute angle, 6-1
Added head, pump, 17-15
Addendum, 54-10
Addition
associative law, 4-4
commutative law, 4-4
of vectors, 5-3
polymerization, 47-15
Additive, congruential method, 63-32
Adhesion, 14-12 (ftn)
Adhesive
bonding, 65-13
ceramic, 65-13 (ftn)
type, 65-13
Adiabatic, 16-2 (ftn)
air washer, 38-10
chip temperature, 65-4
compressibility, 14-13
compression, 15-13
compression efficiency, 32-2
efficiency, 26-9 (ftn)
efficiency, turbine, 26-9

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INDEX - A

Index

I-2

M E C H A N I C A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - A

flame temperature, 21-15


flow with friction, 25-15
head, 32-5
mixing of air streams, 38-6
mixing of conditioned and bypass
air, 43-7 (fig)
mixing of inside and outside air, 43-6 (fig)
process, 24-2
saturation process, 38-10
tip, 34-18, 34-19
Adjacent
angle, 6-1
side, angle, 6-2
space conditions, 42-2
Adjoint, classical, 4-5
Adjustable bar grille, 41-24
Admiralty
bronze, 47-12
metal, 47-12
Admission
full-arc, 26-17
partial-arc, 26-17
steam, 26-17
Admittance, 72-5
ADP, 43-7
Adsorbent, 38-12 (ftn), 71-3 (ftn)
bed, 38-12
Adsorption, 71-3
Advanced
boiling water reactor, 30-2
flue gas cleanup, 71-4
flywheel, 59-5
flywheel system, 59-5
light water reactor, 30-2
oxidation, 71-4
reactor, nuclear, 30-2
scrubbing, 21-5
turbine system, 29-1 (ftn), 29-5
water-cooled reactor, 30-2
Advantage
mechanical, 15-14, 45-11
mechanical, pulley block, 45-11
pulley, 45-11
Aero horsepower, 17-42
Aeroderivative combustion turbine, 29-1
Aerodynamic equivalent
diameter, 68-9, 70-3
Aerosol, centrifuge, 70-3
Affinity law, 18-18
fan, 41-10
Afterburner, 71-17
Aftercooler, 28-11, 32-7
Age hardening, 47-8 (ftn), 47-11 (ftn), 49-9
Agency, 75-3
Agent, 75-3
chelating, 71-22 (ftn)
contract, 75-3
dehalogenation, 26-13
Agglomeration, 66-9
Aging, 49-9
artificial, 49-9
AGMA gear design, 54-14
Agreement, letter of, 75-3
AHU, 44-2
Air, 26-12, 38-1 (ftn)
adiabatic mixing of conditioned and
bypass, 43-7 (fig)
adiabatic mixing of inside and
outside, 43-6 (fig)
-and-water system, 44-1
atmospheric, 21-8, 38-1
atmospheric, properties, A-19, A-20
atmospheric, thermal properties, A-124,
A-125
bleed, 29-2
bypass, recirculating, 43-6
carbon dioxide, 40-11
change method, 40-2
change rate, 43-4
classifier, 66-15
composition, dry, 21-8 (tbl)
conditioner, 33-2
conditioning deck, 41-13

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M A N U A L

conditioning load, 43-1


conditioning process, 38-6
conditioning system type, 44-1
-cooled exchanger, 36-10 (ftn), 36-12
cyclone separator, 66-12
density ratio, 41-2 (ftn)
dry, 38-1 (ftn)
energy content of, 38-3
excess, 20-8, 21-12
film coefficients, 35-4
filter, 40-11
fraction, primary outdoor, 40-4
-fuel ratio, 28-3
/fuel ratio, 21-9
handling unit (AHU), 40-11, 41-3, 44-2
heater, 26-16
heater ash, 21-3
hood, 40-9
hood, auxiliary-, 40-9
hood, enclosure, 40-9
hood, nonbypass, 40-9
hood, nonenclosure, 40-9
horsepower, 41-6
ideal, 21-9
infiltration, 42-3
kilowatt, 41-6
leakage, building, 43-4
low-pressure, properties, A-72, A-73,
A-74, A-93, A-94, A-95
mean free path, 70-3
moist, 38-1 (ftn)
moist, enthalpy of, 38-3
oxygen content, 40-7
permeability, 43-4
pollutant, 68-2
preheater, 26-16
-pressurized extinguisher, 67-20
primary, 26-3
process, 40-1 (ftn)
properties, 19-8, A-19
quality procedure, indoor, 40-2
rate, specific, 66-8
ratio, material-, 66-8
recirculation, 39-1
recirculation of clean, 40-11
recycle, 39-1
refrigeration cycle, 33-6
release valve, 16-12
return system, 41-31
sample, whole, 70-1
sampler, 70-3
sampler, centrifugal, 70-3
saturated, 38-2
secondary, 26-3
-side economizer, 43-2
space, 42-2
space, enclosed, 35-7
space, thermal conductance, 42-2
-standard Brayton cycle,
regeneration, 29-6
-standard Carnot combustion cycle, 28-4
-standard cycle, 28-1
-standard diesel cycle, 28-11
-standard dual cycle, 28-12
-standard Otto cycle, 28-5
stoichiometric, 21-9
stream, adiabatic mixing of, 38-6
stripping, 71-23
system, return, 41-21
table, 23-11
temperature, 34-6
tertiary, 26-3
-to-cloth ratio, 71-5
toxic, 68-2
ultra-low penetration, 40-11
unit, make-up, 41-3
unsaturated, 38-2
valve, combination, 16-14
valve, double orifice, 16-14
valve, siphon, 16-14
ventilation, 42-3
volume box, variable, 41-3
volume control, 44-1

volume terminal box, variable, 41-3


washer, 38-10 (ftn)
washer, adiabatic, 38-10
Aircraft cable, 66-3
Airflow, zone outdoor, 40-3
Airfoil, 17-39
Airspeed, true, 29-2
Alachlor, 68-18
Alarm check valve, 67-5
Alclad, 47-11 (ftn)
Alcohol, 21-8
ethyl, 21-8
grain, 21-8
methyl, 21-8
Aldrin, 68-17
Algebra, 3-1
matrix, 4-4
Algebraic equation, 3-2
Alias component, 9-8 (ftn)
Aligning bearing, self-, 54-22
Alkali metal, 20-2
Alkaline
earth metal, 20-2
fuel cell, 31-8
Alkalinity, 20-20
methyl orange, 20-21
phenolphthalein, 20-21
Alkane, 21-2
Alkene, 21-2
Alkyne, 21-2
All
-air system, 44-1
-volatile treatment, 20-24
-water system, 44-1
Allergen, 68-5
Allotrope, 49-4
of iron, 49-4
Allotropic change, 49-4
Allowable
bending stress number, 54-14
pull, 59-15
spring stress, 54-4
stress, 52-1, 53-2
stress, effective, pressure vessel, 55-12
stress, gear, 54-13
stress, pressure vessel, 55-5
tensile bending stress number, 54-14
torsional stress, nonreversed
fatigue, 54-5 (tbl)
working pressure, 19-4
Allowance
bend, 65-7
clash, 54-6
corrosion, 55-8
depletion, 74-24
exposure, 42-2
surge pressure, 67-4
time, 63-16
trade-in, 74-18
Alloy
aluminum, 47-11
binary, 49-1
copper, 47-12
eutectic, 49-3
identification system, 47-1, 47-2
miscible, 49-1
nonallotropic, 49-9
numbering system, unified, 47-1, 47-2
properties, A-111
SAP, 47-18
solid-solution, 49-1
thermal properties, A-103
Alloying ingredient, 49-1
cast iron, 47-10 (tbl)
steel, 47-5, 47-6 (tbl)
Alnico, 47-13
Alpha, 11-14
-iron, 49-4
risk, 11-14
-value, 64-5
Alphabet, Greek, 3-1
Alternating
combined stress, 52-8

current, 72-2, 72-4


sign series, 3-13
stress, 52-6
Alternative
comparison, 74-4
hypothesis, 11-15
Alternator, 72-11 (ftn)
Altitude
effect on output power, 28-14
pressure at, 41-2 (tbl)
Alumina, 47-11
Aluminum
alloy, 47-11
bronze, 47-13
designation, 47-11
EC grade, 47-11 (ftn)
hardening, 49-9
production of, 47-11
temper, 49-9
Amagat-Leducs rule, 23-18
Amagats law, 23-18
Ambient temperature, 34-6
American
Society of Civil Engineers, 76-1
standard gear system, 54-10
wire gauge, 72-8
Ames test, 63-27 (ftn)
Amine
filming, 20-23
neutralizing, 20-23
polar, 20-23
Ammonia, 33-2
slip, 71-21 (ftn)
Amorphous thin film, 31-4
Amortization, 74-24
Amount, factor compound, 74-5
Ampacity, 72-8
Ampere, 72-2
Amperometric sensor, 64-3
Amplification
factor, 60-11
force, 45-11
Amplifier pressure, 32-2
Amplitude, 60-3
of oscillation, 60-3
ratio, 60-11, 60-19
Analogy
electrical, 34-13
electrical, lumped parameter, 34-13
thermal, 34-6
Analysis
cam performance, 59-13
chemical, 20-7
combustible, 21-2
comparative, 74-17
complex epicyclic gear train, 59-8
dimensional, 1-8
domain, 62-11
economic life, 74-4
economic, engineering, 74-2
epicyclic bevel gear set, 59-11
fault tree, 63-27
Fourier, 9-6
frequency, 9-8 (ftn)
frequency response, 62-11
gravimetric, 21-2
hazard, 63-27
horizon, 74-17
incremental, 74-17
numerical, 13-1
Nyquist, 62-13
proximate, 21-2
replacement/retirement, 74-4
sensitivity, 74-44
signature, 9-8 (ftn)
simple epicyclic gear set, 59-7
spectrum, 9-8
time-series, 9-8 (ftn)
ultimate, 20-6, 20-7, 21-2
volumetric, 21-2
Analytic function, 8-1
Analyzer
FFT, 9-8

signal, 9-8
spectrum, 9-8
Andrades equation, 48-16
Anechoic room, 73-6
Anemometer, 17-27
hot-wire, 17-27
Angle
acute, 6-1
adjacent, 6-1
adjacent side, 6-2
between figures, 7-8
between lines, 6-1
clearance, 65-2
complementary, 6-2
cone, 54-21
contact, 14-12, 54-19
convergent, 25-5
deviation, 25-12
direction, 5-2, 7-5
face, 6-6
factor, 37-2
function of, 6-2
helix, 54-12
helix thread, 53-14
helix, worm, 54-16
hypotenuse, 6-2
incident, 73-4
internal friction, 48-8, 58-6
lead, 59-2
lead, bolt, 53-14
lead, worm, 54-16
lift value, 16-12
Mach, 25-11 (ftn)
normal pressure, 54-12
obtuse, 6-1
of depression, 6-2
of elevation, 6-2
of internal friction, 66-5
of intersection, 7-8
of kinematic friction, 66-7
of natural friction, 66-5
of natural slope, 66-5
of nip, 66-9
of obliquity, 54-11
of repose, 58-6, 66-5
of static friction, 58-6
opposite side, 6-2
pitch, 54-15
plane, 6-1
power, 72-7
pressure, 54-11
pressure, cam, 59-12
pressure, gear, 54-12
rake, 65-2
rebound, 58-17
reflection, 73-4
reflex, 6-1
related, 6-1
relief, 65-2
right, 6-1
rupture, 48-8
semivertex, 25-12
shear, 65-2
shock, 25-11
solid, 6-6
stall, 17-40
straight, 6-1
supplementary, 6-1
tangential pressure, 54-12
thread, 59-2
trihedral, 6-6
twist, 48-8, 53-14
type (see also by name), 6-2
valve, 16-12
vertex, 6-1
vertical, 6-2
wedge, 65-2
yaw, 17-28
Angstrom, A-1, A-2
Angular
acceleration, 57-7
frequency, 60-3, 72-5
impulse, 58-14

I-3

momentum, 17-33, 58-3


motion, 57-7
natural frequency of vibration, 60-3
orientation, 5-1
perspective, 2-3
position, 57-7
velocity, 57-7
Anisotropic material, 5-1, 34-2 (ftn), 47-20
Anisotropy factor, 70-5
Annealed pipe, 67-3
Annealing, 49-9
full, 49-8
process, 49-9
process, partial, 49-9
speroidize, 49-9
Annual
amount, 74-7
average power density distribution
curve, 31-5
average velocity duration curve, 31-5
cost, 74-7
cost, equivalent uniform, 74-16
cost method, 74-15
effective interest rate, 74-5
equivalent cost, 74-16
growth rate, average, 3-11
return method, 74-15, 74-16
Annuity, 74-7
Annular flow, 36-8
Annulus
equivalent diameter, 36-8 (ftn)
gear, 59-6
Anode, sacrificial, 20-18
Anodizing, 65-13
Anthracite coal, 21-4
Anthropometric data, 63-30
Anti-friction bearing, 54-22
Anticipation control, 44-5
Antiderivative, 9-1
Antireversal valve, 16-12
Antoine equation, 14-10 (ftn)
Apex, 45-22
Aphelion, 58-21
API scale, 14-5
Apogee, 58-21
Apparatus
dew point, 38-8, 43-7
Orsat, 21-12
osmotic pressure, 14-10
sensible heat ratio, 38-7
Apparent
modulus, 48-11
yield stress, 48-7
Appearance
lamellar, 49-5
layered, 49-5
Application
point of, 5-1
service, pressure vessel, 55-3
Applied impulse, 58-15
Approach, 26-15
cooling tower, 39-2
point, 29-8
temperature, 36-12, 36-13
velocity of, 16-5, 17-16, 17-17
Approximate
heat generation by occupant, 40-8 (tbl)
minimum ultimate tensile
strength, 54-4 (tbl)
Approximation
Dunkerley, 60-16
series, 8-8
small angle, 6-3
APW, 67-20
Aquation, 20-10
Aramid fiber, 68-5
Arc, 63-3
furnace, 47-5
length, 57-8
length, by integration, 9-5
welding, 65-12
Archimedes principle, 15-14
Arching, 66-6

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INDEX - A

I N D E X

I-4

M E C H A N I C A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - B

Architect, 75-4
Arctic, 68-17
Area, A-7, A-147
between two curves, 9-4
by integration, 9-4
centroid of an, 50-1
changing duct, 25-4
conversion, SI, A-3
core, 41-30
critical, 25-5
daylight, 41-30
-density method, 67-11
effective, 41-30
first moment, 46-5
first moment of, 50-2
free, 41-30
frontal, 17-41
gross, 41-30
gross filtering, 71-5
interfacial, 71-24
irregular, 7-1 (fig)
law of, 58-20
logarithmic mean, 34-9
maximum sprinkler protection, 67-11
mensuration, A-7
moment of inertia, 50-3, A-147
net filtering, 71-5
profile, 34-19
protection, 67-10
reduction in, 48-6
sabin, 73-10
second moment of, 50-4
specific, 70-6
specific collection, 71-9
specific surface, 70-6
transformation method, 51-19
under standard normal curve, A-12
unreinforced and reinforced
opening, 55-16 (tbl)
Areal, 1-8
density, 1-8
dust density, 71-5
measurements, 1-8
velocity, 58-20
Argon-oxygen-decarburization, 47-2 (ftn)
Argument, 3-7, 3-8
Arithmetic
growth rate, 3-11
mean, 11-12
sequence, 3-11
series, 3-12
Arm, 59-6
carrier, 59-6
moment, 45-3
Aromatic
hydrocarbon, 21-2
liquid, 14-10 (ftn)
Arrangement factor, 37-2, 37-3
Array, 4-1 (ftn), 31-4
Arrest, thermal, 49-2
Arrestance, 41-23
Arresting high-efficiency particulate, 40-11
Artificial
abrasive, 47-18
aging, 49-9
expense, 74-20
As fired, 21-3
Asbestos, 68-5
brake lining, 54-18
-cement pipe, 16-9
Asbestosis, 68-5
ASCE, 76-1
Ash, 21-3
air heater, 21-3
bottom, 21-3, 68-5
coal, 21-3
combined, 68-5
economizer, 21-3
fly, 21-3
pit, 21-3
refractory, 21-3
ASME
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, 55-2

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R E F E R E N C E

M A N U A L

Code for Unfired Pressure Vessels, 19-7


flanged and dished head, 55-5
long-radius nozzle, 17-32 (ftn)
Aspect ratio, 17-40
duct, 41-17
ellipse, 7-11
particle, 70-5
Asphaltic coating, 16-11
Aspirating particle detector, 70-4
Assembly
line balancing, 63-18
slider rod, 57-14
Asset
account, 74-33
capitalizing, 74-20
class, 74-20
current, 74-35
expensing, 74-20
fixed, 74-35
Assignment, 75-4
problem, 63-12
Associative law
of addition, 3-3, 4-4
of multiplication, 3-3, 4-4
set, 11-2
ASTM standards, pipe, 16-10
Aston process, 47-10
Asymmetrical function, 7-4
Asymptote, 7-2
Asymptotic, 7-2
Atactic polymer, 47-16
Atkinson (unit), 41-32
friction factor, 41-32
resistance, 41-32
Atmosphere, 38-1 (ftn)
carbon dioxide, 40-11
earth, 15-12
oxygen-deficient, 40-7
oxygen-enriched, 40-7
pressure, 14-3
standard, A-3, A-4, A-109
Atmospheric
air, 21-8, 38-1
air properties, 19-8, A-19, A-20
air properties, thermal, A-124, A-125
fluidized-bed combustion, 21-5
head, 18-6 (ftn)
Atom, 20-1
Atomic
fraction, 49-1
mass unit, 20-1
number, 20-2, A-57
percent, 49-1
structure, 20-1
weight, 20-2, A-57
Atomization, 65-10
Atomizing scrubber, 71-20
Atrazine, 68-18
Attack, intergranular, 20-19
Attemperator, 26-14
Attenuation, 73-12
sound, 73-11
Attenuator, 73-12
Attitude bearing, 54-25
Attractive rate of return, minimum, 74-16
Attribute chart, 63-22
Audibility, threshold of, 73-4
Augmented matrix, 4-1
Austempering, 49-6, 49-7
Austenite, 49-5
Austenitic stainless steel, 20-19 (ftn), 47-8
high-alloy, 47-9
Austenitizing, 49-7
Autogenous
grinding, 66-10
waste, 71-10 (ftn)
Autoignition temperature, 21-8
Automatic
damper, 41-24
optical particle counter, 70-4
sprinkler system with nonfire protection
connection, 67-7
Automotive differential, 59-11 (fig)

Auxiliary
-air hood, 40-9
elevation, 2-2
equation, 10-1
view, 2-2
Availability, 24-12, 63-9
function, steady-flow, 24-12
Available
draft, 21-17
hydrogen, 21-3, 21-14
method, 68-20
power, fluid, 19-8, 19-9
Average
annual growth rate, 3-11
change, 11-16
cost, 74-38
cost, weighted, 74-31
decrease, 11-16
end area method, 66-5
heating load, 42-1
increase, 11-16
laminar turbulent, 36-4
outgoing quality limit, 63-26
power, 72-7
pressure, 15-7
run length, 63-23
speed of a molecule, 23-17
time-weighted, 40-10, 73-2
value, 74-30
value, by integration, 9-4
value, sinusoid, 72-5
velocity, 16-8
Avogadros
hypothesis, 20-5
law, 20-5, 23-14
number, 20-5
AWWA standards, pipe, 16-10
Axes, principal, 56-2
Axial
-centrifugal compressor, 32-1
exhaust, 29-1
-flow compressor, 32-1
-flow fan, 41-4
-flow impeller, 18-4, 66-18
-flow turbine, 18-23
force, helical gear, 54-13
loading, 51-12
member, 45-11
member, pin-connected, 45-12
pitch, 54-13
strain, 48-4
Axially locked joint, 55-17
Axis
bending, 53-17
conjugate, 7-11
major, 7-11
minor, 7-11
neutral, 51-11
oblique, 2-2
of rotation, 58-2
parabolic, 7-10
principal, 50-8
rotation, 50-7
torsional, 53-17
transverse, 7-11
Axonometric view, 2-3

B
Babcock formula, 17-10
BAC-CAB identity, 5-5
Back
corona, 71-9
pressure, 25-12, 26-12
pressure, critical, 19-10
pressure ratio, critical, 25-13
pressure turbine, 26-8
work ratio, 29-5
Backfitting, 26-17
Backflushing, thermal, 26-13
Background noise, 73-4
Backing strip, 55-9
Backlash, 54-11

Backward-curved fan, 41-6


Badge, dose, 73-12
Baffle
crossflow, 36-12
segmental, 36-12
Bag, Tedlar, 70-1
Baghouse, 71-4
collection efficiency, 71-6
resistance, 71-5
Bainite, 49-6, 49-7
Bakelite, 47-15 (ftn)
Balance
books, 74-33
delay, 63-19
dynamic, 56-2, 60-18
sheet, 74-34
static, 56-2, 60-18
Balanced
curve, 58-8
draft, 21-17
draft point, 71-10
load, electrical, 72-11
speed, 58-8
Balancing, 60-18
chemical equations, 20-7
duct, 41-23
line, 63-18
operations, 56-2
Ball
bearing, 54-22
valve, 16-12
Ballast
circuit, 64-10
thermal, 71-13
Balling scale, 14-5 (ftn)
Ballistic pendulum, 58-3
Balloon payment, 74-42
Ban, land, 69-2
Band
brake, 54-20 (fig)
broad, 73-7
dead, 44-5
octave, 73-8
sound, 73-7
Bandwidth, 9-8, 62-10
classification, 66-16
closed-loop, 62-10
of frequency analysis, 9-8
Banking, roadway, 58-8
Barlow formula, 19-4
Barometer, 15-2
multi-fluid, 15-5
Barometric
height relationship, 15-12
pressure, 14-3
Barrel finishing, 65-14
Barrier
acoustic, 73-10
sound, 73-10
Barth speed factor, 54-14
Base, 3-5, 12-1, 20-12
-8 system, 12-2
-10 number, 12-1
-16 system, 12-2
-b number, 12-1
circle, 54-10, 59-12
constant, 20-15
exchange, 20-21
-load unit, 26-16
metal, 49-1
of riser, 67-19
pitch, 54-10
temperature, degree-day, 42-6
unit, 1-5
wage, 63-20
Baseball, 17-41 (ftn), 17-42
Baseline rate, 72-7
Basic
accounting equation, 74-33
life rating, 54-23
life rating, bearing, 54-23
shapes, 50-1, 50-4, A-147
static load rating, 54-23

Basis
daily compounding, 74-28
depreciation, 74-20
hydrostatic design, 67-4
unadjusted, 74-21
Bathtub distribution, 11-9
Battery, 31-10 (tbl)
Baume scale, 14-5
Bauxite, 47-11
Bayer process, 47-11
Bayes
principle, 63-34
theorem, 11-4
BC
carbon dioxide extinguisher, 67-20
dry chemical extinguisher, 67-20
BDC (bottom-dead-center), 32-3 (ftn)
Bead, cracking, weld, 47-9
Beam (see also type)
-column, 51-12
conjugate, 51-15, 51-16
continuous, 46-1, 46-5
curved, 51-20
deflection, 51-13, 51-14, 51-15, 51-17,
A-148, A-149, A-150, A-151
deflection, elastic, A-148, A-149,
A-150, A-151
determinate types, 45-8
equation, A-148, A-149, A-150, A-151
fixed-end, 46-1, 46-7
indeterminate, 46-1
propped cantilever, 46-1
shear stress, 51-10
Bearing, 53-11
anti-friction, 54-22
attitude, 54-25
ball, 54-22
caged, 54-22
characteristic number, 54-26
Conrad, 54-22
equivalent radial load, 54-23
friction, 54-22
journal, 54-22, 54-25
journal, Raimondi and Boyd, 54-26
life, 54-23
life rating, 54-23
load, equivalent dynamic, 54-23
load rating, 54-23
needle, 54-22
plane, 54-22
plane friction, 54-22
race, 54-22
roller, 54-22
self-aligning, 54-22
SKF, 54-22
stiffener, 51-19
strength, 54-13
test, three-edge, 16-11
thrust, 54-23
Wingquist, 54-22
Beattie-Bridgeman equation of state, 23-20
Bed
adsorbent, 38-12
chemically active, 71-11
moisture level, 21-3
residence time, 71-7
sand filter, 68-20
Behavior
science, 63-28, 63-29
theory, 63-29
Bell-shaped curve, 11-6
Bellows, 19-11
Belt
conveyor, 66-10
drive, 54-16
drive, flat, 54-16
elevator, 66-11
feeder, 66-8
flat, 54-16
friction, 58-7
power transmission, 54-17
serpentine, 54-17
synchronous, 54-17

I-5

tension, effective, 66-10


timing, 54-17
V-, 54-17, 58-7
Beltline reactor, 30-2
Bend
allowance, 65-7
pipe, 17-36 (fig)
pipe, force on, 17-36
Bending
axis, 53-17
beam load cell, 64-12
moment, 51-8 (ftn)
moment diagram, 51-8
stiffness per unit width, panel, 73-12
stress, beam, 51-11
stress number, 54-14
Benefit, 63-34
-cost ratio, 74-16
Benson boiler, 26-4
Bent-tube boiler, 26-4
Benzoyl peroxide, 47-15
Berm filter, 68-19
Bernoulli equation, 16-2
extended, 17-15
Bertholet equation of state, 23-20
Beryllium
bronze, 47-13
-copper, 47-13
Bessel equation, 10-5
Bessemer process, 47-3
Best available technology, 71-2
Beta, 11-15
distribution, 63-5
-iron, 49-4
ratio, 17-29
risk, 11-15
Betz coefficient, 31-5
Bevel gear, 54-15
epicyclic, 59-11
pitch cone angle, 54-15
separation force, 54-15
thrust force, 54-15
Bias, 11-11, 64-2
Biaxial
loading, 52-5
stress, 64-11
Bidding, competitive, 76-3
Bifunctional, 47-15
Billet, 65-13
wrought iron, 47-11 (ftn)
Billion, 1-7 (tbl)
Bin (see also Hopper) (see also type),
66-6, 66-7
system, 26-3
Binary
alloy, 49-1
compound, 20-5
cycle, 27-7, 31-7
digit, 12-1
number, 12-1
system, 12-1
Binder, 66-9
Binding, 26-14
Bingham
fluid, 14-7
-plastic limiting viscosity, 17-12
-plastic model, 17-12
Binomial
coefficient, 11-2, 11-4
distribution, 11-4
probability density function, 11-4
theorem, 3-3
Biocide, 26-13, 71-24 (ftn)
Biodegradable
organic matter, 68-22
plastic, 68-18
Biodegradation, 68-18
Biofilter, 71-6
Bioplastic, 68-18
Bioreactor, 71-7
Bioremediation, 71-6
Biosolid, 68-2 (ftn)
Biostat, 71-24 (ftn)

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INDEX - B

I N D E X

I-6

M E C H A N I C A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - B

Biot
modulus, 34-5
number, 1-9 (tbl), 34-5
Bioventing, 71-7
Biphenyl, polychlorinated, 68-17
Bird, Stewart, and Lightfoot model, 25-15
Birmingham wire gage tubing, A-132, A-133
Bisection method, 3-4, 13-1
bracket, 13-1
Bit, 12-1
least significant, 12-1
most significant, 12-1
overflow, 12-4
Bituminous
coal, 21-4
coating, pipe, 16-11
Black
body, 37-1
body shape factor, 37-2, 37-4 (fig)
pipe, 16-10
steel pipe, 16-10, 67-3
Blade
jet force on, 17-35
pitch, circular, 18-4
pitch control, 41-7
Blanking, 65-7
Blasius
equation, 17-5
solution, 36-4
Blast
furnace, 47-2
-furnace gas, 21-8 (ftn)
gate, 41-24 (ftn)
governing, 26-17
Bleed, 26-8
air, 29-2
fraction, 26-15
-off, 39-3
rate, 26-8
steam, 26-8
BLEVE, 26-5
Block
and tackle, 45-11
brake, 54-19, 54-20 (fig)
cascaded, 62-5
diagram, 62-5
Bloom, wrought iron, 47-11 (ftn)
Blow, 41-30
-down, 68-8
molding, 65-10
-tank system, 66-9
Blowdown, 20-22, 26-5, 39-3
Blower, 32-1
-coil unit, 41-3
compressor, 32-1
door, 43-4
horsepower, 41-6
power, 41-6
Blowing
agent, 33-2
whistle-, 76-3 (ftn)
Blowoff, 26-5
flame, 26-3
Blowout gasket, 55-18
Blue
center steel, 53-21, 66-2
embrittlement, 49-9
Board
foot, 1-8
hammer, 65-7
of directors, 75-2
Boardman formula, 19-4
Bode plot, 62-11
Body
black, 37-1
black, shape factor, 37-4 (fig)
-centered tetragonal structure, 49-7 (ftn)
gray, 37-1, 37-3
gray, shape factor, 37-3
real, 37-1
rigid, 57-1
rotating, 59-3 (fig)

P P I

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R E F E R E N C E

M A N U A L

Boiler, 26-4
and Pressure Vessel Code, 55-2 (tbl)
Benson, 26-4
bent-tube, 26-4
circulating fluidized-bed, 71-11
controlled-circulation, 26-4
cross-coupled, 26-5
cross-drum, 26-4
efficiency, 21-16, 26-4
feedwater characteristics, 20-22
feedwater quality, 20-23
fire-tube, 26-4 (ftn)
fluidized-bed, 71-11
-follow, 26-17
-follow mode, 26-17
horsepower, 21-17, 26-4
natural-circulation, 26-4
once-through, 26-1, 26-4
straight-tube, 26-4
supercritical-pressure, 26-4
supplementary, 29-11
throttle valve, 26-17
ultrasupercritical, 26-4
waste-heat, 29-8
water-tube, 26-4
Boilerplate clause, 75-4
Boiling, 14-10
film, 35-11
liquid-expanding vapor explosion, 26-5
nucleate, 35-11
point, 67-20 (ftn)
-point margin, 68-10
pool, 35-11
water reactor, 30-2
water, film coefficient, 35-4
Bolt, 53-9
cold heading, 65-7
dimension, 53-11
family, 53-9
grade, 53-9
grade and type, 53-10
marking, 53-10
preload, 53-12
sizing, 65-7
standards, 53-9
strength, pressure vessel, 55-18
thread, 53-9
torque, 53-13
torque factor, 53-13
Bolted joint, 55-17
Boltzmann
constant, 23-17
-Maxwell distribution, 23-17
Stefan-, constant, 37-2
Stefan-, law, 37-2
BOM, 68-22
Bomb calorimeter, 21-14
Bond, 74-29
fully amortized, 74-29 (ftn)
yield, 74-30
Bonded strain gauge, 64-8 (ftn)
Bonding
adhesive, 65-13
explosive, 65-11
Bonus, 63-20
depreciation, 74-23
factor, 63-20, 63-21
Book value, 74-23
of stock, per share, 74-36
Bookkeeping, 74-33
double-entry, 74-33
Boolean relay logic, 44-6
Boom, sonic, 14-15
Boost fan, 21-17
Booster, 32-2
humidification, 40-7
pressure, 32-2
Boosting-power, 29-2
Bore, 28-2
Boron diffusion, 49-10
Bottleneck, 63-19

Bottom
ash, 21-3, 68-5
-dead-center, 28-2, 32-3 (ftn)
Bottoming cycle, 29-9
Bound
lower, 9-4
upper, 9-4
vector, 5-1 (ftn)
Boundary
irregular, 7-1
layer, 16-8 (ftn), 36-2, 36-3
layer theory, 17-44
system, 24-1
value, 10-1 (ftn)
Bourdon pressure gauge, 15-2
Box
black, two-port, 61-1
closed, 53-15
dual duct, variable air volume
(VAV), 41-13
terminal, variable air volume
(VAV), 41-3
variable air volume (VAV), 41-3
Boyles law, 24-7
Braced column, 53-3
Bracket
bisection method, 13-1
income, 74-25
tax, 74-25
Brake, 54-18, 65-6
and brake material, 54-18
and clutches, general limits on energy
dissipation rates, 54-19 (tbl)
band, 54-20 (fig)
block, 54-19, 54-20 (fig)
dynamometer, 64-13
energy dissipation, 54-18
external shoe, 54-19
fan, 64-13
friction, 64-13
horsepower, 28-3, 28-4, 28-8, 41-6
horsepower, pump, 18-9
kilowatt, 28-4, 41-6
lining, 54-18
material properties, 54-19 (tbl)
mean effective pressure, 28-3, 28-8
pad, 54-18
power, fan, 41-6
products, chrysotile asbestos, 54-18
prony, 28-3, 64-13
properties, 28-3
pump power, 18-9
self-energizing, 54-18
self-locking, 54-18
shoe, 54-19
specific fuel consumption, 28-3
torque, 28-3
value, 28-3
water, 64-13
work, 26-9 (ftn), 32-4
Braking
hydraulic, 54-18 (ftn)
hydraulically actuated, 54-18 (ftn)
moment, 54-20
torque, 54-20
Brale indentor, 48-13
Branch
line, 67-7
loss coefficient, 41-20
pipe, 17-21
pressure, hydraulic, 67-14
takeoff, 41-19
Branching polymer, 47-16 (fig)
Brass, 47-12 (ftn)
pipe, 16-9
tubing dimensions, A-46
Brayton cycle, 29-3, 29-6, 29-7
cooling, 33-6
gas turbine, 29-3
intercooling, 29-7
regeneration, 29-7
reheating, 29-7
Brazing, 65-12

Breach
material, 75-6
of contract, 75-6
Break-even
point, 74-38
quality, 74-38 (fig)
Breakaway point, 62-12
Breaker
80% rated circuit, 72-9
100% rated circuit, 72-9
chip-, 65-1, 65-2
circuit, 72-8
standard circuit, 72-9
Breaking
pressure, 55-20
strength, 48-3
Breakpoint, 71-3
Breakthrough, 71-3
Breathing zone outdoor air, 40-2
Breeder reactor, 30-1 (ftn)
Breeze, 21-5
Brickwork, 26-4
Bridge
constant, 64-11
deck, 46-12
deflection, 64-9 (ftn)
differential series balance, 64-9 (ftn)
differential shunt balance, 64-9 (ftn)
full, 64-11
half-, 64-11
null-indicating, 64-9 (ftn)
shunt balance, 64-9 (ftn)
truss, 45-12
Wheatstone, 64-9
zero-indicating, 64-9 (ftn)
Bridging, 66-6
Brightness, 73-2, 73-3
Brinell hardness
number, 48-13
test, 48-13
Briquetting, 66-9
bulk solids, 66-9
British thermal unit, 22-1, 23-5, A-1, A-2
SI conversion, A-3
Brittle
failure, 48-14
fracture, 55-7
material, 48-1, 52-1, 52-2
Brix scale, 14-5 (ftn)
Broad band, 73-7
sound, 73-8
Bromley equation, 35-11
Bronze, 47-12 (ftn)
admiralty, 47-12
government, 47-12
Brownian movement, 23-17
Btu, 22-1, A-1, A-2
Btuh unit, 34-6 (ftn)
Bubbling bed combustor, 71-10
Bucket
elevator, 66-11
inverted, steam trap, 16-14
Buckingham
equation, 54-15 (ftn)
pi-theorem, 1-10
Buckling, 53-2
beam, 51-18
of helical compression spring, 54-7
spring, 54-7 (tbl)
Buffer, 20-12
Buffing, 65-14
Buick, MacPherson v., 75-7 (ftn)
Building
designer, 75-4
fabric, 43-4 (ftn)
infilitration in tall, 40-6
leakage curve, 43-4
-related illness, 68-5
Buildup, carbon dioxide, 40-7
Built
-in end, 46-7
-up edge, 65-2

Bulk
modulus, 14-14, 73-5
modulus, hydraulic fluid, 19-10
modulus, water, 14-14
solids, 66-7
solids, briquetting, 66-9
storage pile, 66-5
temperature, 34-6, 35-4, 36-3
velocity, 16-8
Bundle, rotation, pipe, 71-19
Bunker C oil, 21-6
Buoyancy, 15-14
center, 15-16
pipelines, 15-16
theorem, 15-14
Buoyant force, 15-14
Burden, 74-36
Burn mass, 71-14
Burner
low excess-air, 71-17
low NOx, 29-2, 71-17
staged-air, 71-22
ultralow NOx, 71-17
Burning
pile, 26-3
rate, MSW, 71-15
suspension, 26-3
Burnishing, 65-14
Burnout velocity, 58-19
Burst
disk, 55-20
pressure, 19-4, 19-5, 55-20
velocity, 59-4
Bus
power, 44-6
tie, 44-6
Bushing, 54-22
Business property, 74-20 (ftn)
Butt welding, 65-13 (fig)
Butterfly valve, 16-12, 17-13 (tbl)
indicating, 67-5
Button, cell, 31-10
BWG tubing, A-132, A-133
dimensions, A-47
By-product, disinfection, 68-21
Byers-Aston process, 47-10
Bypass
air hood, 40-9
factor, 38-7, 43-7
governing, 26-17
recirculating air, 43-6 (fig)

C
c-chart, 11-16, 63-22
C
-Bourdon gauge, 15-2
corporation, 75-3
-D nozzle, 25-5
Cabinet projection, 2-3
Cable, 45-19
aircraft, 66-3
catenary, 45-19
distributed load, 45-18
hoisting, 53-21, 66-2
ideal, 45-16
parabolic, 45-17
tension, 58-13
CaCO3 equivalents, 20-20, A-59, A-60
Cadmium
selenide, 64-5
sulfide, 64-5
Cage ball bearing, 54-22
Caged bearing, 54-22
Cal sil, 34-10
Calcium carbonate equivalents, A-59, A-60
Calculus, fundamental theorem of, 9-4
Calibration, 64-2, 64-7
constants, thermocouple, A-160
single-point, 64-2
Caliper, 70-4, 70-5
maximum, 70-4, 70-5
Callendar-Van Dusen equation, 64-5

I-7

Calorimeter, bomb, 21-14


Calorizing, 65-14
Calvert model, venturi scrubber, 71-21
Calverts constant, 71-21
Cam, 59-12
and follower, 59-13 (fig)
lobe dynamics, 59-13 (fig)
performance vs. lobe profile, 59-12 (fig)
performance, analysis, 59-13
plate, 59-12
profile, 59-12
profile, cycloidal, 59-12
profile, harmonic, 59-12
profile, parabolic, 59-12
profile, trapezoidal, 59-12 (ftn)
radial, 59-12
Candela, 73-2
Candle, 73-2
Candlepower, 73-2, 73-3
Canon, 76-1
Canonical form, row, 4-2
Capacitance, 72-5, 72-6
fluid, 19-10, 61-7
thermal, 34-13
Capacitive reactance, 72-5, 72-6
Capacitor, 61-8, 72-5, 72-6
Capacity, 26-16, 70-4
compressor, 32-2
control, 41-7
factor, 26-16, 31-1
field, 68-11
firm, 26-16
heat, 22-4
maximum, 26-4
normal, 26-4
reduction factor, 53-2
refrigeration, 33-3
relieving, 55-21
specific heat, 23-7
specific, battery, 31-10
system, 34-13
turndown, 26-14
Capillarity, 14-12
Capillary
action, 14-12
-action heat pipe, 34-23
Capital recovery method, 74-15, 74-16
Capitalized cost, 74-7, 74-15
Capitalizing an asset, 74-20
Carbamate, 68-17
Carbide, 47-18, 49-5
iron, 49-5
sintered, 65-4
tool, 65-4
Carbon
activated, 71-3
dioxide buildup, 40-7
dioxide, emission, 68-6
dioxide, exhaled air, 40-11
fiber, 47-20
fixed, 21-4
granular activated, 71-3
hypereutectic cast iron, 49-5
monoxide, emission, 68-7
steel, 47-5
temper, 47-10
tool steel, 65-4
Carbonate
fuel cell, 31-8
hardness, 20-21 (ftn)
Carbonic acid, 20-20, 20-23, 71-25 (ftn)
Carborundum, 47-18
Carburetor, 28-3
Carburizing, 49-10
flame, 65-12
Carcinogen, 63-27
Card, indicator, 28-8, 64-14
Cardan joint, 59-18
double, 59-18 (ftn)
Cardanos formula, 3-3

P P I

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INDEX - C

I N D E X

I-8

M E C H A N I C A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - C

Carnot cycle, 24-11, 24-12, 27-2


air-standard, 28-4
combustion, air-standard, 28-4
refrigeration, 33-3, 33-4
Carrier
arm, 59-6
equation, 38-3
frequency, 64-4
planet, 59-6
slurry, 17-11
Carry, end-around, 12-4
Cartesian
coordinate system, 7-3
equation form, 3-2 (ftn)
triad, 5-2
unit vector, 5-2 (fig)
Cascaded blocks, 62-5
Case hardening, 49-10
Cash
flow, 74-3
flow analysis, 74-8
flow diagram, 74-3
flow, discounting factor, 74-6
flow, exponential gradient series, 74-4
flow, exponentially decreasing, 74-26
flow factor, 74-6, A-169, A-170
flow, gradient series, 74-4
flow, phantom, 74-4 (ftn)
flow, single payment, 74-3
flow, stepped, 74-10
flow, superposition of, 74-10
flow, uniform series, 74-3
system, 74-34
Casing, transducer, 60-21
Cast
iron, 47-9, 49-5
iron, alloying ingredient, 47-10
iron, carbon hypereutectic, 49-5
iron, eutectic, 49-5
iron, heat treating, 49-7
iron, hypoeutectic, 49-5
-iron pipe dimensions, 16-9, A-42
nonferrous tool, 65-4
Casting
centrifugal, 65-9
continuous, 65-9
die, 65-9
investment, 65-9
plastic, 65-10
sand, 65-8
slip, 65-11
Catalyst, 20-13
Catalytic
converter, 28-2 (ftn)
cracking, 21-2
reduction, selective, 71-21
Catenary, 45-19
cable, 45-19
parameter, 45-19
Cauchy
equation, 10-5
number, 1-9 (tbl)
-Schwartz theorem, 5-3
Caustic
cracking, 55-4
embrittlement, 20-19, 55-4
phosphate treatment, 20-24
Cavalier projection, 2-3
Caveat emptor, 75-7
Cavitation, 18-14, 18-15, 19-6
coefficient, 18-16
corrosion, 20-19
number, critical, 18-16
preventing, 18-15
Cavity, die, 65-9
CCT curve, 49-6
CDD, 43-5
Ceiling, 42-2
effect, 41-29
heat transfer, 42-2
value, 40-10
Celerity, characteristic wave, 19-12 (ftn)

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R E F E R E N C E

M A N U A L

Cell
alkaline fuel, 31-8
bending beam load, 64-12
fuel, 31-7
height, 68-14
landfill, 68-14 (fig)
molten carbonate fuel, 31-8
phosphoric acid fuel, 31-8
photovoltaic, 31-4, 64-4
PV, 31-4
shear beam load, 64-13
solar, 31-4
solid oxide fuel, 31-8
solid polymer fuel, 31-8
structural, 45-12
triple junction solar, 31-4
Cellular fill, 39-1 (ftn)
Celsius, 23-4 (ftn)
CEM, 70-2
Cement, asbestos, pipe, 16-9
Cementation, 49-10
Cemented carbide, 47-18
Cementite, 49-5
Center, 7-2
distance, 54-11
instant, 57-13
instantaneous, 57-13
of buoyancy, 15-16
of force, 58-19, 58-20
of gravity, 9-6, 56-1
of mass, 56-1
of pressure, 15-4, 15-9, 45-5
of pressure, shapes, 15-9 (fig)
of twist, 53-17
of vision, 2-3
-radius form, 7-9, 7-10
shear, 53-17
torsional, 53-17
Centerless grinding, 65-5
Centerline
radius, 41-19
velocity, 16-8
Centigrade, 23-4 (ftn)
Centipoise, 14-7
Centistoke, 14-8
conversion, 19-2 (ftn)
Central
force field, 58-19
impact, 58-18
limit theorem, 11-14
receiver system, 31-3
system, 26-3
tendency, 11-12
view, 2-1
Centrifugal
air sampler, 70-3
casting, 65-9
compressor, 32-1
fan, 41-6
force, 58-4
forward-curved, 41-6
pump, 18-2, 18-4
Centrifuge
aerosol, 70-3
sigma factor, 70-4
Centrifuging, 65-9
Centripetal
acceleration, 15-19 (ftn)
force, 58-4
Centroid, 9-6, 50-1, A-147
of a line, 50-3
of an area, 50-1
of a volume, 56-1
weld group, A-153
Centroidal
mass moment of inertia, 56-2
moment of inertia, 50-3, 50-4
Ceramic, 47-18, 47-19 (tbl)
adhesive, 65-13 (ftn)
properties, 47-19
structural designation, 47-19 (tbl)
tool, 65-4
toughened, 47-18

Cermet, 47-20
Cetane number, 21-7
CFC, 33-2
cgs system, 1-4
Chain
300 series, 59-17
closed joint conveyor, 59-15
drive, 59-15
drive ratio, 59-16
drive, design power, 59-17
drive, ratio, 59-16
drive, service factor, 59-17
drive, service life, 59-17
drive, sprocket size factor, 59-17
drive, temperature factor, 59-18
drive, velocity variation, 59-17
duplex, 59-17
engineering steel link, 59-15, 59-16 (fig)
Ewart link, 59-15
Markov, 63-34
offset link, 59-15
offset sidebar, 59-15
pitch, 59-16
quadplex, 59-17
roller, 59-15 (fig)
roller, standard, properties, 59-15 (tbl)
siamesed, 59-15
simplex, 59-17
strand, 59-17
timing, 54-17
triplex, 59-17
velocity, 59-16
Chainring, 59-16
Chainwheel, 59-16
Challenger, 74-18
Chamber
checker, 47-4
filter, 68-19
flash, 26-14 (ftn)
precombustion, 28-3
property, 25-2
retard, 67-5
spray, 38-10 (ftn)
surge, 17-39, 18-24
Change
allotropic, 49-4
average, 11-16
in properties, temperature, 23-12
method, air, 40-2
rate, air, 43-4
Changing duct area, 25-4
and isentropic flow, 25-4 (tbl)
Channeling, 71-23
Chaos theory, 64-2 (ftn)
Chaotic error, 64-2
Chapman-Kolmogorov equation, 63-34
Char, 21-5
Characteristic
curve, compressor, 32-8
curve, fan, 41-8
curve, system, 41-8
dimension, 16-6, 34-4
equation, 4-8, 10-1, 59-9, 62-4, 62-12
exhaust velocity, 25-9
gain, 62-10
impedance, 19-12, 73-6
length, 25-9, 34-4, 35-2 (ftn), 36-8 (ftn)
length, space, 41-30
log, 3-5
phase, 62-10, 62-11
polynomial, 4-8
specific feed, 71-12
time, pipeline, 19-12
value, 4-8
vector, 4-8
velocity, cyclone, 66-13
wave celerity, 19-12 (ftn)
Characteristics
pump, 18-2, 18-12
sprinkler, 67-9
sprinkler discharge, 67-10
valves, 16-13
Charcoal, activated, 71-3

Charge
electric, 72-2
number, 20-4 (tbl), 20-5
Charles law, 24-7
Charpy test, 48-15
Chart (see also type), 63-22
c-, 11-16
control, 63-22
Cox, 14-10
generalized compressibility, 23-20
Heisler, 34-14
Moody friction factor, 17-6
p-, 11-16
position-correction, 34-15 (ftn)
pressure-enthalpy, 23-12
psychrometric, 38-4
R-control, 11-16
sigma, 11-16
temperature-time, 34-14
Chauffage, 49-4 (ftn)
Check
the box taxation, 75-3 (ftn)
valve, 16-12
valve, alarm, 67-5
Checker chamber, 47-4
Chelant, 20-24, 71-22 (ftn)
Chelate, 71-22 (ftn)
Chelating agent, 71-22
Chem-milling, 65-6
Chemical
atomic weight, 20-2
dehumidification, 38-12
dehydration, 38-12
equations, balancing, 20-7
equilibrium, 20-12
formula, 20-5
loading, 71-25
milling, 65-6
reaction, 20-7
scrubbing, 71-20
Chemically active bed, 71-11
Chi-squared
degrees of freedom, 11-7, 11-8
distribution, 11-7, A-13
statistic, 11-8
Chiller, 33-2, 33-9, 43-2
Chimney
action, 21-17
draft, 21-17
effect, 40-6
gravity, 21-17 (ftn)
Chip
adiabatic, temperature, 65-4
-breaker groove, 65-1, 65-2
formation, 65-1
forming, 65-1
temperature, 65-4
thickness ratio, 65-2
type, 65-1
velocity, 65-2
Chipless machining, 65-5
Chlordane, 68-17
Chloride stress corrosion cracking, 47-9
Chlorinated
pesticide, 68-17
polyvinyl chloride (CPVC)
pipe, 67-4, A-36
Chlorination, 68-8
Chlorine, 26-13, 68-8
in pesticide, 68-17
total residual, 68-8
Chlorofluorocarbon, 68-7, 68-8
refrigerants, 33-2
Chlorothalonil, 68-18
Chlorpyrifos, 68-18
Choke, 32-8
point, 32-8
Choked flow, 19-10, 25-4
models, 25-15
Chord, 17-40, 45-12
length, 17-40
Chordal velocity variation, 59-17
Chrysotile asbestos brake lining, 54-18

Churn, 18-16
pump, 67-8
Circle, 7-9, A-7
base, 54-10, 59-12
clearance, 54-10
degenerate, 7-10
diameter, enclosing, 70-4
equivalent diameter, 70-4
formula, A-7
Mohrs, 50-8, 51-7
pitch, 54-10
segment, A-7
unit, 6-1
Circuit
breaker, sizing, 72-8
potentiometer, 64-3 (ftn)
Circular
blade pitch, 18-4
fin, 34-20
mil, 72-2, A-3
motion, 57-7
permutation, 5-5
pipe ratios, A-28
pipes, hydraulic element, A-28
pitch, 54-10, 54-12, 54-13
shaft, design, 53-14
transcendental function, 6-2
Circularity, 70-5
Circulating
closed-loop system, 67-7
fluidized-bed boiler, 71-11
Circulation, 8-7, 17-40
ratio, 29-8
Circumferential
strain, 53-6
stress, 53-4
Cis
form, 3-8
mer, 47-16
Civil
complaint, 75-6
tort, 75-6 (ftn)
Cladding, 65-11
Clash allowance, 54-6
Class
asset, 74-20
combustible liquid, 67-20
I liquid, 67-20
I standpipe system, 67-5
IA liquid, 67-20
IB liquid, 67-20
IC liquid, 67-20
II liquid, 67-20
II standpipe system, 67-5
III liquid, 67-20
III standpipe system, 67-5
IIIA liquid, 67-20
IIIB liquid, 67-21
leakage, 41-22
limit, 11-10
pipe, 16-10
pressure, pipe, 67-4
property, bolt, 53-10
seal, 41-22
sound transmission, 73-10
Classical adjoint, 4-5
Classification, air, 66-15
Classifier, air, 66-15
Claude cycle, 31-6 (ftn)
Clause, boilerplate, 75-4
Clausius
-Clapeyron equation, 14-10 (ftn)
equation of state, 23-20
Clay pipe, vitrified, 16-9
Clean
Air Act, 33-2
coal technology, 21-5
room, 40-11
room technology, 40-11
Cleaning
abrasive, 65-13
coal, 21-5
Cleanliness factor, 26-12

I-9

Cleanup, flue gas, 68-2


advanced, 71-4
Clearance, 28-2, 32-3
angle, 65-2
circle, 54-10
diametral, 54-25
gear tooth, 54-10
percent, 32-3
radial, 54-25
volume, 28-2, 32-3
Client, dealing with, 76-2
Climate factor, energy, 43-5
Climb, power, 29-2
Clinker, 21-3
Clinographic projection, 2-3
Clock spring, 54-9 (ftn)
Closed
box, 53-15
-center valve, 19-3
combustor, 29-4
-cycle OTEC plant, 31-6
die forging, 65-7
feedwater heater, 26-15, 36-14 (ftn)
joint conveyor chain, 59-15
-loop bandwidth, 62-10
-loop gain, 62-4
-loop recovery, 71-4
-loop transfer function, 62-4
normally (NC), 44-1
recirculating atmosphere, 40-11
set of states, 63-35
system, 24-1
system, constant pressure, 24-8
system, constant temperature, 24-8
system, constant volume, 24-8
system, isentropic, reversible
adiabatic, 24-9
system, polytropic, 24-9
turbine cycle, 29-3
Closely held corporation, 75-2
Cloud
height, 66-17
point, 21-7
CLTD method, 43-3
Clutch, 54-21
and brakes, general limits on energy
dissipation rates, 54-19 (tbl)
cone, 54-21 (fig)
disk, 54-20, 54-21
energy dissipation, 54-18
generalized plate, 54-21 (fig)
material properties, 54-19 (tbl)
plate, 54-20, 54-21
CMP, 16-11
Co-firing, 71-16
CO2
extinguisher, 67-20
ultimate, 21-13
Coal, 21-4, 26-3
anthracite, 21-4
ash, 21-3
bituminous, 21-4
blending, 68-10
cleaning, 21-5
dry ultrafine, 68-9, 68-10
injection, 47-5
lignite, 21-4
lump, 21-5
micronized, 21-5 (ftn), 26-3 (ftn)
nut, 21-5
properties, 21-5 (tbl)
run-of-mine, 21-5
substitution, 68-20
tar epoxy, 16-11
technology, clean, 21-5
upgrading, 21-5
-water mixture, 29-3
Coalescense, 65-11
Coanda effect, 41-29
Coarsening temperature, 49-8
Coating
asphaltic, 16-11
bituminous, 16-11

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

INDEX - C

I N D E X

I-10

M E C H A N I C A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - C

pipe, 16-11
selective surface, 31-2
surface, 65-13
tar, 16-11
Cocurrent, 36-10 (ftn)
flow, 36-10
Code
Boiler and Pressure Vessel, 55-2 (tbl)
National Electrical, 72-8
of ethics, 76-1
Coefficient
Betz, 31-5
binomial, 11-2, 11-4
branch loss, 41-20
cavitation, 18-16
combined heat transfer, 37-4
confidence, 63-16
constant, 10-1, 10-2, 10-3
convective heat, 34-7
convective heat transfer, 34-7
correlation, 11-17
crack, 40-5
critical damping, 60-10
discharge, 40-6
discharge, venturi, 17-30
drag, 17-41, 36-4
drag, cars, 17-41
drainage, 68-12
end restraint, 53-3
entrance, 40-6
Euler resistance, 66-14
film, 34-7, 35-2
film, boiling water, 35-4
film, correlation, 35-3
fluid resistance, 61-7
heat transfer, 35-2
Joule-Kelvin, 24-3
Joule-Thomson, 24-3
loss, 17-12, 17-13 (tbl), 17-14
loss, duct, 41-17
main loss, 41-31
mass-transfer, 71-24
matrix, 4-6
maximum cam performance, 59-14 (tbl)
method of loss, 17-12
method of undetermined, 10-4
noise reduction, 73-10
nozzle, 18-22
nozzle discharge, 25-8
nozzle velocity, 25-8
of absorption, 20-9
of active lateral earth pressure, 66-7
of compressibility, 14-13
of contraction, 17-18, 17-30
of discharge, 17-18, 17-30, 19-9
of discharge, choked flow, 25-15
of drag, 17-41
of entry, 41-19
of expansion, thermal, 14-13 (ftn)
of flow, 17-30
of fluctuation, 59-3
of forced convection, 36-2
of friction, 25-16, 58-6, 58-7
of friction, static, 15-11
of friction, typical, 58-6 (tbl)
of heat transfer, overall, 34-7, 42-2
of lift, 17-40
of linear expansion, 51-3, 51-4
of performance, 33-3
of restitution, 58-17
of rolling friction, 58-8
of rolling resistance, 58-8
of the instrument, 17-28
of thermal expansion, 51-4
of thermal resistance, 64-6
of thrust, 25-9
of transformation, 5-3
of utilization, 73-3
of variation, 11-13, 63-16
of velocity, 17-17, 17-29
of viscosity, 14-6
of viscous damping, 58-19, 60-9
of volumetric expansion, 51-4

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

R E F E R E N C E

orifice, 17-17 (tbl)


orifice discharge, 67-9
overall heat transfer, 36-14
pipe, 16-8
power, 31-5
profile drag, 36-4
radiant heat transfer, 37-4
roughness, 17-8
Seebeck, 31-9
shading, 43-4
shelter, 40-6
skin friction, 17-5 (ftn), 36-4 (ftn)
slab edge, 42-3
smoothing, 74-42
solubility, 20-9
sound absorption, 73-9
static regain, 41-19
strength, 48-5
torque, 53-13
transmission, 73-11
valve flow, 17-13
virial, 23-20
viscous, 58-19
volumetric expansion, 35-2
wind surface pressure, 40-6
Cofactor
expansion by, 4-3
matrix, 4-1
of entry, 4-2
Cog, 54-18
Cogeneration, 29-8
cycle, 29-8
Cogeners, 20-2
Coherent unit system, 1-2 (ftn)
Cohesion, 14-12 (ftn), 48-8
Coil
active, 54-5
blower-, unit, 41-3
cooling, 33-9
efficiency, 38-8
fan-, unit, 41-3, 41-4
film coefficient, 35-6
heavy-duty, 36-12
load, 43-1
load line, 38-8
loading, 43-1 (ftn)
pitch, 54-6
sensible heat ratio, 38-7, 43-7
Coining, 65-7
Coke, 21-5, 47-2 (ftn)
-oven gas, 21-8 (ftn)
Colburn equation, 36-9
Cold
air-standard cycle, 28-1 (ftn)
-chamber die casting, 65-9
deck, 41-13
-end drive, 29-1
flow, 48-16
heading, bolt, 65-7
molding, 65-10
reserve, 26-16
working, 49-9
-working operation, 65-6
Colding equation, 68-12
Colebrook equation, 17-5, 17-6
Collapse
duct, 41-23
pressure duct, 41-14
pressure, typical, steel spiral
ducts, 41-14 (fig)
Collapsibility, 65-8
Collapsing pressure, 53-5 (ftn)
Collar, screw with, 59-2 (fig)
Collection
dust, system, 41-32
efficiency, air sampler, 70-4
efficiency, baghouse, 71-6
efficiency, cyclone, 66-14
efficiency, ESP, 71-9
efficiency, generic collector, 71-21
efficiency, venturi scrubber, 71-21
Collector
concentrating, 31-2

M A N U A L

dust, 40-11, 41-32


efficiency, 31-2
evacuated-tube, 31-2
flat-plate, 31-2
focusing, 31-2
solar, 31-2
Collinear, 7-2
force system, 45-6
Collision, 58-17
Colloid, 71-25
Colloidal material, 14-7
Column
braced, 53-3
end coefficient, 53-3
intermediate, 53-4
matrix, 4-1
rank, 4-5 (ftn)
slender, 53-2
Combination, 11-2
air valve, 16-14
direct, 20-7
method, 41-26
Combined
ash, 68-5
cycle, 29-9
diesel, 28-11 (ftn)
film coefficient, 34-18
gas turbine system, 28-11 (ftn)
heat transfer, 37-4
heat transfer coefficient, 37-4
stress, 51-5
Combining, weight, 20-7
Combustible
analysis, 21-2
liquid, 67-20
liquid, class, 67-20
loss, 21-16
Combustion
atmospheric fluidized-bed, 21-5
chamber, primary, 71-13
chamber, secondary, 71-13
complete, 21-12
cycle, Carnot, air-standard, 28-4
data, 21-10 (tbl)
efficiency, 21-16
engine, 28-3
engine, internal, 28-2
fluidized-bed, 21-5, 26-4
heat equivalents, A-61
heat of, 21-14, A-61
incomplete, 21-12
loss, 21-16
pressurized fluidized-bed, 21-5
reaction, 21-8, 21-9
reaction, ideal, 21-9 (tbl)
rich-quench-lean, 29-3
sequential, 29-2
staged, 71-22
staged lean, 29-2
stoichiometric, 21-9
stratified charge, 28-2
temperature, 21-15
turbine, 29-1
Combustor, 28-13, 29-2
bubbling-bed, 71-10
closed, 29-4
dry, 29-2
fluidized-bed, 71-10
open, 29-4
pressurized slagging, 29-3 (ftn)
Comfort range, 40-6
Command value, 62-13
Commercial
bronze, 47-12 (ftn)
heat exchangers, 36-11
Comminution, 66-9
Common
glass, 47-18
ion effect, 20-12
logarithm, 3-5
ratio, 3-11
Commutative law
addition, 3-3, 4-4

multiplication, 3-3
set, 11-2
Compacted graphitic iron, 47-10
Compaction, 66-9
Company health, 74-35
Comparative
analysis, 74-17
negligence, 75-6
Comparator, 62-4
Comparison
alternative, 74-4
test, 3-12
Compartment, water quality, 68-19
Compatibility method, 46-2
Compensatory
damages, 75-7
fraud, 75-6
Competitive bidding, 76-3
Complaint, 75-6
civil, 75-6
Complement
law, set, 11-1, 11-2
nines, 12-3
number, 12-3
ones, 12-4
set, 11-1
tens, 12-3
twos, 12-4
Complementary
angle, 6-2
equation, 10-1
error function, 11-8, A-15
error function values for positive
x values, A-15
probability, 11-4
random number, 63-32
random number technique, 63-33
solution, 10-3, 60-10
technique, Monte Carlo, 63-33
Complete
combustion, 21-12
cross-linking, 47-13
isothermal flow equation, 17-10
Completion time, 63-5
Complex
conjugate, 3-8
matrix, 4-1
number, 3-1, 3-7
number operations, 3-8
plane, 3-7
power, 72-7
wall, 34-8
Compliance
compressibility, 19-10
energy stored in, 19-11
fluid, 19-10
mechanical, 19-10
pneumatic, 19-11
Component
alias, 9-8 (ftn)
linear, 60-2
moment, 45-3
of a vector, 5-2
steady-state, 60-12
transient, 60-12
typical sprinkler system, 67-7 (fig)
Composite
cylinder, 34-9
cylinder, radial conduction, 34-9
material, 47-18, 47-21 (tbl)
material, flywheel, 59-5
spring constant, 53-20, 54-3
structure, 51-19
wall, 34-7
Composition
dry air, 21-8 (tbl)
eutectic, 49-3
foodstuffs, 34-5 (tbl)
percentage, 20-7
Compostable plastic, 68-18
Compound, 20-5
amount factor, 74-5
binary, 20-5

elastomeric, 47-16
gear, 59-5
gears, reverted gear set and, 59-6 (fig)
interest, 74-11
ternary, 20-5
tertiary, 20-5
turbine, 26-8
turbine, cross-, 26-8
turbine, tandem, 26-8
volatile inorganic, 68-22
volatile organic, 68-22
Compounding
discrete, 74-7 (tbl)
period, 74-28
Compressed
-air energy storage, 31-9 (ftn)
air storage tank, 32-2
height, 54-6
liquid, 23-11
liquid table, using, 23-11
water, properties, A-69, A-90
Compressibility, 14-1, 14-13, 19-10, 23-10
adiabatic, 14-13
chart, A-104
chart, generalized, 23-20
coefficient of, 14-13
compliance, 19-10
factor, 14-13 (ftn), 23-20 (ftn)
isentropic, 14-13, 23-10
isobaric, 23-10
isothermal, 14-13, 23-10
Compressible
flow discharge time, 25-15
flow factors, A-105, A-106
flow, orifice, 19-9, 25-15
fluid dynamics, 25-1
fluid, flow, 17-32
Compression
adiabatic, 15-13
air, 32-1 (ftn)
by a pump, 26-7 (fig)
cycle, vapor, 33-4
efficiency, adiabatic, 32-2
efficiency, isothermal, 32-2
gas, 32-1 (ftn)
ignition engine, 28-2
irreversible, 26-7
isentropic, 26-7
isothermal, 15-12
molding, 65-10
polytropic, 15-13
ratio, 28-2 (ftn), 28-5, 28-11, 28-12,
32-4, 32-4 (ftn)
ratio, isentropic, 28-4
spring, helical, 54-6
stage, 32-1
stroke, 28-2
wave, 73-5
wave speed, 17-38
Compressive strength, 48-8
Compressor, 32-1
air/gas, 32-1 (ftn)
axial-centrifugal, 32-1
axial-flow, 32-1
blower, 32-1
capacity, 32-2
centrifugal, 32-1
characteristic curve, 32-8
control, 32-2
dynamic, 32-1, 32-2, 32-8
reciprocating, 32-1, 32-2
rotary positive-displacement, 32-1 (ftn)
rotating, 32-1
scroll, 33-8
spiral, 33-8
work, 32-4
Computer
complement, 12-4
local control (LCC), 44-5
Concave, 7-2
down curve, 7-2
up curve, 7-2
Concavity, 7-2

I-11

Concentrated force, 45-2


Concentrating collector, 31-2
Concentration
cell corrosion, 20-19
cycle of, 39-3
dust, 66-12, 66-13
gas, 67-21
ionic, 20-11
particle, 66-12, 66-13
ppm, 67-21
ratio of, 39-3
saturation, 20-9
stress, 51-4
stress, press-fit, 53-8
tower build up, 39-3
Concentrator rotor, 71-4
Concentric
cylinder viscometer, 14-6 (ftn)
flywheel system, 59-5
loading, 51-12
Concrete, A-40, A-41
cylinder pipe, prestressed, 16-10
density, 15-11 (ftn)
pipe, 16-9, 16-10, A-40, A-41
pipe, prestressed, 16-10
pipe, reinforced, 16-10
Concurrent
-crossflow, 36-11
force system, 45-6
Condensate
depression, 26-12
polishing, 20-24
well, 26-11
Condensation
dropwise, 35-7, 35-8
filmwise, 35-7
polymerization, 47-15
Reynolds number, 35-9
vertical and inclined surfaces, 35-8
Condenser, 26-11, 33-1
cooling water, 68-8
dump, 26-11 (ftn)
duty, 26-11
flooding, 26-12
fouling, 26-12
hot well subcooling, 26-12
jet, 26-11 (ftn)
macrofouling, 26-13
microfouling, 26-12
surface, 26-11
Condensing
cycle, 27-2
pure, 26-12 (ftn)
straight, 26-12 (ftn), 27-2
vapor, 35-7, 71-25
vapor, film, 35-7
Condition
dry, 58-6
indoor design, 40-6
initial, 9-4, 60-3
inlet, 32-8
inside and outside design, 43-3
international standard metric, 21-2
line, pump, 26-6, 26-7
line, turbine, 26-9
natural gas, standard, 21-2
nonlubricated, 58-6
of equilibrium, 45-6
oily, 58-6
standard, 14-4, 21-2, 41-2
wet, 58-6
Conditional
convergence, 3-13
probability, 11-4
probability of failure, 11-9
Conditioner, sludge, 20-24
Conditioning particle, 71-9
Conditions
adjacent space, 42-2
design, inside, 42-2
design, outside, 42-2
Conductance, 34-2, 42-2, 72-2, 72-5
overall, 36-14

P P I

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INDEX - C

I N D E X

I-12

M E C H A N I C A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - C

thermal, 34-2, 42-2


unit, 34-7
Conduction, 34-2
radial, composite cylinder, 34-9
radial, hollow cylinder, 34-9
radial, spherical shell, 34-12
through cube, 34-12
Conductive
heat transfer, 34-2
unit, 34-7
Conductivity, 34-2 (ftn), 42-2, 72-2
foodstuffs, 34-3
overall, 34-3, 34-7
thermal, 34-2, 34-3 (tbl), A-110
varying, 34-3
Conduit, pressure, 16-5
Cone
angle, 54-21
clutch, 54-21 (fig)
pitch, 54-15
Confidence
interval, 63-16 (ftn)
level, 11-14, 63-16 (ftn)
level, values of z for various, 11-15 (tbl)
level z-values, 11-15
limit, 11-15
limit, one-tail, 11-15
limit, two-tail, 11-15
Confidence coefficient, 63-16
Configuration factor, 37-2
Congruency, 7-3
Congruential method, 63-32
Conic section, 7-8
Conical pile, 66-5 (ftn), 66-6 (fig)
Conjugate
axis, 7-11
beam, 51-15, 51-16
complex, 3-8
pole pair, 62-9
Connecting link, 59-15
Connection
bolt, 53-10
eccentric, 53-18
Conrad bearing, 54-22
Conscious order, 11-2
ConsensusDOC, 75-5 (ftn)
Consequential damages, 75-7
Conservation
law of, momentum, 58-2
method, 42-7
method, heat, 42-7
of energy, 16-1, 60-5
of momentum, 58-2
of momentum, law, 17-33
radiation, law, 37-1
through thermostat setback, 42-7
Consideration, 75-3
Consistent
deformation method, 46-2, 51-19
system, 3-7
unit system, 1-2
Constant
acid, 20-15
base, 20-15
Boltzmann, 23-17
bridge, 64-11
Calverts, 71-21
coefficient, 10-1, 10-2, 10-3
composite spring, 54-3
critical, 25-4
deflection, 64-12
dielectric, 71-9
dissociation, 20-15
elastic, 48-9
elastic relationships, 48-9
equilibrium, 20-14
equivalent spring, 54-3
Eulers, 9-8
force, 58-2
force, work, 22-2 (fig)
formation, 20-15
gravitational, 1-2, 58-20
growth rate, 3-11

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R E F E R E N C E

Hazen-Williams, A-48
Henrys law, 20-9 (tbl)
ionization, 20-15 (tbl)
Janssens, 66-7
Joules, 22-1, 23-6
learning curve, 74-43
matrix, 4-6
meter, 17-29
moisture content, 23-10
Newtons gravitational, 58-20
Newtons universal, 58-20
nozzle, 67-9
of integration, 9-1, 10-1
outlet, 41-30
percentage method, 74-21 (ftn)
pressure, closed system, 24-8
pressure process, 24-2
reaction rate, 20-13, 71-7
room, 73-10
scaling, 71-6 (tbl)
solar, 31-1, 37-7
specific gas, 23-15
-speed control system, 62-13
spring, 51-3, 53-20, 54-2, 54-5
sprinkler orifice, 67-9
stability, 20-15
Stefan-Boltzmann, 37-2
temperature, closed system, 24-8
temperature process, 24-2
thermal time, 34-13
thermocouple, A-160, A-161
thermoelectric, 64-7
throttle pressure, 26-17
time, 3-11, 62-2, 62-9
torsional spring, 60-5
universal gas, 14-10, 23-14
value dollars, 74-39
-velocity joint, 59-18 (ftn)
volume, closed system, 24-8
volume process, 24-2
-watt heat tape, 34-21
Zwietering, 66-17
Constantan, 47-13
Constituent, principal organic
hazardous, 71-13
Constrained motion, 58-11
Constraint, 63-2, 63-12
non-negativity, 63-12
Construction
contract, 75-3 (ftn)
lien, 75-5
manager, 75-5
Consumer risk, 11-15
Consumers risk, 63-26
Consumption
brake specific fuel, 28-3
fuel, 42-6
indicated specific fuel, 28-3
specific fuel, 28-3
Contact
angle, 14-12, 54-19
factor, 38-8
ratio, 54-11
resistance, 34-7 (ftn)
Containment, multiple pipe, 71-18
Content
constant moisture, 23-10
energy, 38-3
frequency, 73-7
heat, 23-5
moisture, 23-9
Contents, cubical, 40-2
Continuity equation, 17-2, 17-3
Continuous
beam, 46-1, 46-5
bucket elevator, 66-11
casting, 65-9
chip, 65-1
compounding, 74-28
distribution function, 11-6
duty rating, 28-4

M A N U A L

emissions monitoring, 70-2


heat resistance, temperature, 47-16
recording, 63-16 (ftn)
Continuously variable transmission
(CVT), 59-5
Contract, 75-3
agent, 75-3
breach, 75-6
construction, 75-3 (ftn)
discharge of, 75-6
document, 75-3 (ftn)
principal, 75-3
privity, 75-7
requirements for, 75-3
standard, 75-5
Contracta, vena, 17-17
Contraction, 17-12
coefficient of, 17-18, 17-30
sudden, 17-13
Contractor, 75-4
prime, 75-4
Contraflexure point, 7-2, 8-2, 51-17
Control
air volume, 44-1
anticipation, 44-5
blade pitch, 41-7
capacity, 41-7
chart, 11-16, 63-22
compressor, 32-2
conventional, 26-17
differential, 44-2
digital, 44-5
direct digital (DCC), 44-5
element, 62-13
equipment, 44-1
face-and-bypass damper, 44-1
feedback and, 44-2
floating action, 44-5
guide vane, 32-2
HVAC process, 44-1
limit, 63-22, 63-23
logic block diagram, 62-13
logic diagram, 62-13
mass, 24-1
matrix, 62-14
mechanism, 62-14
NOx, 21-5
nozzle, 26-17
of turbines, 26-16, 26-17
PI, 44-5
PID, 44-5
point, 44-2
point of, 63-26
proportional plus integral (PI), 44-5
proportional plus integral plus derivative
(PID), 44-5
ratio, 62-4
reheat, 44-1
SO2, 21-5
speed, 32-2
surface, 24-1
surface, imaginary, 24-1
surface, real, 24-1
sytem, 62-13
throttle, 26-17
timed two-position, 44-5
turbine (see also type), 26-17
two-position, 44-2
valve, 19-3
valve, hydraulic, 19-3
vector, 62-14
velocity, air hood, 40-9
volume, 24-1
Controllability system, 62-14
Controllable pitch, 41-7
Controlled
-circulation boiler, 26-4
-cooling-transformation curves, 49-6
inside diameter, 67-3
outside diameter, 67-3
Controller, 44-1, 62-13
HVAC, 44-1
Controls integration, typical, 44-2

Convection, 34-2
coefficient of forced, 36-2
forced, 36-2
free, 35-2
natural, 35-2
Newtons law of, 36-2
preheater, 26-16
superheater, 26-13
Convective
heat transfer coefficient, 34-7
tip, 34-19
Convention
dust size, 68-9
half-year, 74-3
sign (thermal), 24-4, 27-1
year-end, 74-3
Conventional
cabinet bypass air hood, 40-9 (fig)
control, 26-17
duct system, 41-21
Convergence
absolute, 3-13
conditional, 3-13
tests for, 3-12
Convergent
angle, 25-5
-divergent nozzle, 25-5
sequence, 3-10
series, 3-12
Converging-diverging nozzle, 17-29
Conversion
base, 12-3
factor, A-1, A-2
factor, SI, A-3
power, 22-6 (tbl)
viscosity, 14-8
Converter, 47-3
catalytic, 28-2 (ftn)
thermionic energy, 31-9
three-way, 28-2 (ftn)
two-way catalytic, 28-2 (ftn)
Convex, 7-2
hull, 7-2, 7-3, 70-6
polygon, 63-13
Convexity, 7-3
particle, 70-6
Conveying, dilute-phase, 66-8
Conveyor
belt, 66-10
pneumatic, 66-8
screw, 66-7
submerged scraper, 68-5
Convolution, integral, 10-6
Cooler, 33-9
Cooling, 36-22
coil, 33-9
compressor, 32-7
degree-days, 42-6 (ftn), 43-5
duty, 39-2
efficiency, 39-2
electronic enclosures, 36-23
evaporative, 38-10
fluid, 65-4
free, 43-2
law of, Newtons, 34-12
load, 43-1
load factor, 43-3
load from internal heat sources, 43-4
load temperature difference method, 43-3
Newtons law of, 10-10
properties of foodstuffs, A-114
range, 39-2
rate of, 49-6
sensible, 38-8
spray dehumidification, 38-11
tower, 39-1
tower blow-down, 68-8
tower, indirect-condensing, 39-3
with dehumidification, 38-11
with humidification, 38-10
Coordinate, 57-1
fluid stream, 17-18 (fig)
free body, 45-21

holonomic, 57-2
system, 7-3, 57-1
Coordinated optimal, 26-17
mode, 26-17
Coplanar, 7-2
force system, 45-6
Copolymer, 47-13
Copper
alloy, 47-12
-based powder, 65-10
-beryllium, 47-13
loss, 72-17, 72-18
pipe, 16-9, 67-3
pipe, temper, 67-3
production, 47-12
tubing, 16-9
tubing dimensions, A-46
water tubing dimensions, A-45
Coprime, 54-18
Core, 51-13, 64-4 (ftn)
area, 41-30
loss, 72-18
sand, 65-8
wire rope, 53-21, 66-2
Coriolis acceleration, 57-8, 57-9
Corner frequency, 62-10
Corona
back, 71-9
current ratio, 71-9
power ratio, 71-9
wire, 71-8
Corporation, 75-2
C, 75-3
closely held, 75-2
professional, 75-2
S, 75-3
subchapter C, 75-3
Corrected fin length, 34-20
Correction
enthalpy, 38-4
factor, heat exchanger, A-128, A-129,
A-130, A-131
Correlation
coefficient, 11-17
equation of state, 23-20
film, 35-3
film coefficient, 35-3
just-suspended speed, 66-17
Kern, 35-9
Lubarsky-Kaufman, 36-7
Nusselt-type, 35-4 (ftn)
Othmer, 14-11
Sieder-Tate, 36-5
Corresponding
point, 41-10 (ftn)
states, principle (law) of, 23-20
Corrosion, 20-19
allowance, 55-8
cavitation, 20-19
concentration cell, 20-19
cracking, intergranular stress, 30-2
cracking, stress, 47-9
crevice, 20-19
erosion, 20-19
fatigue, 20-19
fretting, 20-19
galvanic, 20-18
intergranular, 20-19
microbiologically influenced, 26-12, 26-13
-resistant steel, 47-6
stress, cracking, 20-19
two-metal, 20-18
Corrosive substance, 68-2
Corrugated
duct, 41-14 (ftn)
metal pipe, 16-11
Cosecant, hyperbolic, 6-5
Cosine
direction, 5-2, 7-5, 45-2
first law of, 6-6
function, integral, 9-8
hyperbolic, 6-4, 45-19
law of, 6-5

I-13

second law of, 6-6


versed, 6-4
Cost, 63-2 (ftn), 74-8, 74-32
accounting, 74-36
-benefit ratio, 74-16
capitalized, 74-7
electricity, 18-9
equivalent uniform annual, 74-16
life-cycle, 74-20
of goods sold, 74-37
opportunity, 74-18
plus fixed fee, 75-5
standard, 63-15
sunk, 74-3
total, 74-33
Cotangent, hyperbolic, 6-5
Couette flow, 36-3 (ftn)
Coulomb, 72-2
friction, 58-5
-Mohr theory, 52-2
Count, drag, 17-42
Counter
automatic optical particle, 70-4
-crossflow, 36-11
current flow, 36-10
particle, 70-4
Counterblow, forging, 65-8
Counterflow, 36-10
Counting, fundamental principle of, 63-33
Couple, 45-4, 45-9
Coupling
moment, 45-4
spline, 59-18
Coupon, rate, 74-29
Coverage, 63-9
Covers function, 6-4
Coversed sine, 6-4
Cox chart, 14-10
CPVC pipe, 16-9, A-36
dimensions, A-36
Crack
coefficient, 40-5
length, 40-5
length method, 40-5
Cracking, 21-2
catalytic, 21-2
caustic, 55-4
hydrocarbon, 21-2
intergranular stress corrosion, 30-2
stress corrosion, 47-9
thermal, 21-2
weld bead, 47-9
Cramers rule, 3-7, 4-7
Crank, end, 28-2
Crankcase oil, 54-24
Credit, 74-34
investment tax, 74-25
tax, 74-25
Creed, 76-1
Creep, 48-16
modulus, plastics, 48-11
primary, 48-16
rate, 48-16
strength, 48-16
test, 48-16
Crest, dam, 15-11
Crevice
corrosion, 20-19
salt, 20-23
Cristobalite, 47-18
Criteria, pollutant, 68-2
Criterion
minimax, 63-34
Nyquists stability, 62-13
Routh, 62-12
Zwietering, 66-17
Critical
area, 25-5
back pressure, 19-10
back pressure ratio, 25-12
cavitation number, 18-16
constant, 25-4
damping, 60-10

P P I

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INDEX - C

I N D E X

I-14

M E C H A N I C A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - C

damping coefficient, 60-10


density ratio, 25-4
distance, 17-5
fastener, 53-18
flow, 16-7
height, pressure vessel, 55-5 (ftn)
insulation radius, sphere, 34-11
insulation thickness, 34-11
isobar, 23-3
line, 49-4
load, column, 53-2
particle diameter, 70-3
particle size, 66-14
particle size, cyclone, 66-14
path, 63-3
path, duct, 41-8
path method, 63-4
point, 8-2, 23-3, 23-8, 25-4, 49-4
point, lower, 49-4
point, upper, 49-4
pressure ratio, 25-4
property, 23-8, 25-5
radius, 34-11
radius, insulation, 34-11
ratio, 25-4
Reynolds number, 16-7, 36-3
slenderness ratio, 53-3
speed, shaft, 60-16, 60-17, 66-19
stress, 17-12
temperature, 49-4, 49-7
temperature ratio, 25-4
thickness, insulation, 34-11 (ftn)
velocity, sludge, 18-5, 18-6
zone, 16-7
Critically damped, 60-10
Cross
-beam deck, 46-12
-compound turbine, 26-8
-coupling, boiler, 26-5
-drum boiler, 26-4
-linking, 47-13
-linking, polymer, 47-16 (fig)
main, 67-7
mains, hydraulic pressure, 67-16
product, 45-3
product, triple, 5-5
product, vector, 5-4 (fig)
section, 2-4 (ftn)
-sectional area, effective, 19-9
temperature, 36-13
-wind horizontal-axis rotor, 31-4 (ftn)
Crossed drive, 54-16
Crossflow
baffle, 36-12
concurrent-, 36-11
counter-, 36-11
heat exchanger, 36-11
tube, 36-8
Crossover
duct, 41-23
frequency, 62-12
gain, 62-12
pipe, 26-8
point, 62-10
Crud, 20-24 (ftn)
Crude, Monte Carlo, 63-32
Cruise power, 29-2
Crushing, 66-9
Crusting agent, 68-9
Cryogen, 23-2 (ftn)
Cryogenic fluids, 23-2 (ftn)
Cryolite, 47-11
Crystallinity polymer, 47-16
Crystallization
polymer, 47-16 (fig)
water of, 20-6
Cube conduction, 34-12
Cubical contents, 40-2
Culvert, 17-19
entrance loss, 17-20
simple pipe, 17-19 (fig)
Cumulative
fatigue, 52-8

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w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

R E F E R E N C E

M A N U A L

frequency table, 11-11


usage factor rule, 52-8
Cunife, 47-13
Cunningham (slip) correction
factor, 70-3, 71-9
Cup-and
-bob viscometer, 14-6 (ftn)
-cone failure, 48-5
Cupola, 47-10 (ftn)
Curie point, 49-4
Curl, 8-7
Current
asset, 74-35
circuit breaker, rated, 72-8
circuit breaker, trip, 72-8
clear the, 72-8
divider, 72-4
electrical, 72-2
liability, 74-35
meter, 17-27
protection, circuit breaker, 72-8
ratio, 74-35
Curve, 7-3
annual average power density
distribution, 31-5
annual average velocity duration, 31-5
area under standard normal, A-12
balanced, 58-8
bell-shaped, 11-6
CCT, 49-6
characteristic, 32-8
concave down, 7-2
concave up, 7-2
controlled-cooling-transformation, 49-6
degree, 7-3
Eulers, 53-3
even symmetry, 7-4
fan, 41-8
fan characteristic, 41-8
flow, 48-5
fractional-efficiency, 66-14
grade-efficiency, 66-14
graph, 7-3
inversion, 24-3
isenthalpic, 24-3
learning, 74-43
load, 26-16
load duration, 26-16
load-elongation, 48-2
mortality, 63-12
noise criteria, 73-9
operating characteristic, 63-25
performance, 18-16
power, 48-5
reloading, 48-7
response, 73-6
S-N, 48-9
standard fire protection pump, 67-8
stress-strain, 48-2 (fig), 48-4 (fig)
system, 18-16, 41-8
tail, 11-7
temperature-time, 49-2
time-temperature, 49-2
time-temperature-transformation, 49-6
TTT, 49-6
unloading, 48-7
Wo hler, 48-9
Curved beam, 51-20
Cut
-and-sum method, 45-15
-in pressure, 32-2
-off frequency, 62-10
-off governing, 26-17
-off rate, 62-10
-off ratio, 28-11, 28-12
-off volume, 28-11
-out pressure, 32-2
-over point, 74-23 (ftn)
point, 66-14, 66-15
-point size, 70-3
sectioning, 2-4
-size, 66-14
-size, cyclone, 66-14

Cutoff, roughness width, 2-4


Cutting, 66-9
energy, specific, 65-3
fluid, 65-4
force, 65-2
hardness, 48-13, 48-14
oil, 65-4
power, 65-3
speed, 65-2, 65-3 (tbl)
tool material, 65-4
torch, 65-12 (ftn)
CV joint, 59-18
Cyanazine, 68-18
Cyaniding, 49-10
Cycle, 24-11, 27-1, 27-2 (ftn)
absorption, refrigeration, 33-7
air refrigeration, 33-6
air-standard, 28-1
air-standard diesel, 28-11
air-standard dual, 28-12
air-standard Otto, 28-5
binary, 27-7, 31-7
bottoming, 29-9
Brayton, gas turbine, 29-3
Brayton, refrigeration, 33-6
Carnot, 24-11, 24-12, 27-2
Carnot, air-standard, 28-4
Carnot, refrigeration, 33-3, 33-4
Claude, 31-6 (ftn)
closed turbine, 29-3
cogeneration, 29-8
cold air-standard, 28-1 (ftn)
combined, 29-9
condensing, 27-2
designation, 27-2
direct fuel reforming, 31-8
direct steam, 31-6
dual-flash, 31-7
Ericsson, 28-13 (ftn)
externally fired combined, 29-3
extraction, 27-2
flash steam, 31-7
four-stroke, 28-2, 28-5
integrated, 29-10
integrated gasification/combined, 21-5
Joule, 29-3
noncondensing, 27-2
of concentration, 39-3
power, 24-11
power, nuclear, 30-1
Rankine, 27-3
redesign, 26-17
refrigeration, 33-1
regenerative, 27-6
simple, 29-5
solar power, 31-3
Stirling, 28-12 (ftn), 28-13 (ftn)
straight condensing, 26-12 (ftn)
supercritical, 27-7
time, 63-18, 63-19
topping, 29-9
two-stroke, 28-2
vapor compression, refrigeration, 33-4
Cyclic
strain, 48-9 (ftn)
stress, 48-9 (ftn)
Cycloid, 7-4
Cycloidal cam profile, 59-12
Cyclone, 71-7
absolute efficiency, 66-14
characteristic velocity, 66-13
collection efficiency, 66-14
critical particle size, 66-14
cut-size, 66-14
efficiency, 66-14
friction loss, 66-14
grade efficiency, 66-14
head loss, 66-14
pressure loss, 66-14
removal efficiency, 66-14
reverse-flow, 66-12
sampler, 70-3
separator, 66-12

separator, air, 66-12


separator, gas, 66-12
separator, reverse-flow, 66-12
single, 71-7
standard, 66-12
Cylinder
composite, 34-9
composite, radial conduction, 34-9
conduction through, 34-9
crossflow, 36-8
heat generation, 34-16
hollow, radial conduction, 34-9
hydraulic, 19-8
-operated pump, 18-2
pipe, prestressed concrete, 16-10
pressure, peak, 28-8 (ftn), 28-9 (ftn)
-spool valve, 19-3
thick-walled, 53-5, 53-6
Cylindrical
coordinate system, 7-3 (fig) (tbl)
fin, finite, 34-18, 34-19
fin, infinite, 34-18
Cypermethrin, 68-18

D
DAlembert
paradox, 17-2 (ftn)
principle, 58-5
Daltons law, 21-14, 38-1, 68-4
of partial pressure, 23-18
Dam, 15-11 (fig)
force on, 15-11
gravity, 15-11 (ftn)
Damage (see also type)
hydrogen, 20-19
Damages, 75-7
compensatory, 75-7
consequential, 75-7
exemplary, 75-7
punitive, 75-6
special, 75-7
Damped
critically, 60-10
forced vibration, 60-2
free vibration, 60-9
frequency, 60-9, 60-10, 62-2
Damper, 61-4
automatic, 41-24
control, face-and-bypass, 44-1
duct, 41-23
face, 44-2 (ftn)
fire, 41-24
gravity, 41-24
mixing, 41-13
pulsation (pump), 18-2
smoke, 41-24
splitter, 41-24
volume, 41-24
Damping
coefficient, critical, 60-10
coefficient of viscous, 60-9
critical, 60-10
factor, 60-9
heavy, 60-10
light, 60-9
linear, 60-9
ratio, 60-9
viscous, 60-9
Dangerous section, 51-11
Darcy
equation, 17-6, 17-8
friction factor, 17-5 (ftn), 25-16 (ftn),
36-4, A-49, A-50, A-51, A-52
-Weisbach equation, 17-6, 17-7
Darcys law, 68-12
Darrieus rotor, 31-4
Dashpot, 60-9, 61-4
Date, maturity, 74-29
Davit, 55-14
arm, 55-14
Davonius rotor, 31-4 (ftn)

Day
cooling degree-, 43-5
degree-, 43-5
summer degree-, 43-5
Daylight area, 41-30
DBP, 68-21
DC
input, 62-7
machine, 72-16
motors, A-166
DCC, 44-5
DDT, 68-17
de Moivres theorem, 3-8
de Morgans law, set, 11-2
Dead
-beat motion, 60-10
load, 45-5
Deadband, 41-4, 44-5
Deadzone, 41-4
Deaerating
heater, 26-15
tank, 26-15
Deaerator, 26-15
Dealing with
client, 76-2
employer, 76-2
engineers, 76-3
public, 76-3
supplier, 76-2, 76-3
Debit, 74-34
Decade, 62-10
Decay
exponential, 10-9, 62-8, 62-9
half-life, 10-10
weld, 20-19, 47-9
Decaying, sinusoidal response, 62-9
Dechlorination, 68-8
Decibel, 60-12
Decile, 11-12
Decimal number, 12-1
Decision
theory, 63-33
tree, 63-33
Deck
air conditioning, 41-13
bridge, 46-12
cold, 41-13
cross-beam, 46-12
hot, 41-13
Declaration, negative, 68-3
Declining balance method, 74-21, 74-26
Decomposition, 20-7
Decrease, average, 11-16
Decrement, logarithmic, 60-10
Dedendum, 54-10
Defect, 63-25
spherical, 6-6
Defendant, 75-6
Defender, 74-18
Definite integral, 9-1 (ftn), 9-4
Deflection, 51-3, 60-2 (ftn)
beam, 51-13, 51-14, 51-15, 51-17
beam, elastic, A-148, A-149,
A-150, A-151
bridge, 64-9 (ftn)
constant, 64-12
curves for extension spring, 54-8 (fig)
dynamic, 60-20
pseudo-static, 60-11
static, 60-2
temperature, 48-11
truss, 51-17
voltage, 64-10
Deformation, 46-2, 60-2 (ftn)
consistent, method of, 51-19
elastic, 46-2, 51-2
thermal, 51-3
Degenerate
circle, 7-10
ellipse, 7-11
Degradable plastic, 68-18
Degree, 6-1
-days, 42-6, 43-5

I-15

-days, base temperature, 42-6


-days, cooling, 42-6 (ftn)
-days, heating, 42-6
-days, summer, 42-6 (ftn)
-days, winter, 42-6
of curve, 7-3
of damage, 63-28
of freedom, 11-7, 26-12, 49-3, 57-1, 57-12,
60-2, 60-19, 62-14
of freedom, chi-squared, 11-7, 11-8
of indeterminacy, 45-7, 45-8, 46-1
of isolation, 60-13
of polymerization, 47-14
of polynomial, 3-3
of redundancy, 46-1
of saturation, 38-2
of superheat, 23-11
Dehalogenation agent, 26-13
Dehumidification
absorbent, 38-12
chemical, 38-12
Dehydration, chemical, 38-12
Deionized water, 20-24
Del operator, 8-7
Delay, 63-19
theorem, 10-6
time, 62-2
Delta
-connection, 72-11
-iron, 49-4
rosette, 64-12
Deluge
system, 67-3
valve, 67-3
Demand
controlled ventilation, 40-5
electrical, 72-7
factor, 26-16
Demineralized water, 20-24
Density, 23-5
areal, 1-8
areal dust, 71-5
concrete, 15-11 (ftn)
energy, 31-10
ESP power, 71-9, 71-10
factor, fan, 41-11
fin, 29-8
fire protection, 67-11
fluid, 14-3
function, 11-4
function, probability, 11-4
linear watt, 42-4 (ftn)
masonry, 15-11 (ftn)
mass, 1-3
optical, 68-20
power, ESP, 71-9, 71-10
ratio, air, 41-2 (ftn)
ratio, critical, 25-4
sprinkler, 67-11
surface, 73-11
suspension, 66-17
watt, 42-4 (ftn)
weight, 1-3
Denting, 20-24 (ftn)
Deoxidizer, 47-5
Dependent
event, 11-3
system, 57-12
variable, 3-2
Depletion, 74-24
allowance, 74-24
potential, ozone, 33-2
Depreciation, 74-20, 74-21
accelerated, 74-22
basis, 74-20
bonus, 74-23
period, 74-20
rate, 74-21, 74-22
recovery, 74-26
Depressant, pour point, 54-25
Depression
angle, 6-2
condensate, 26-12

P P I

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INDEX - D

I N D E X

I-16

M E C H A N I C A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - D

hot well, 26-12


tailwater, 18-24
wet-bulb, 38-2
Depth, 2-2
hydraulic, 16-6 (ftn)
pressure at a, 1-3
whole, 54-10
working, 54-10
Derating factor, 67-4
Derivative, 8-1
directional, 8-6
first, 8-1
Laplace transform of, 10-6
of motion, 59-12
of motion, third, 59-12
second, 8-1
Derived
from rule, 68-3
unit, 1-6 (tbl)
Descartes rule of signs, 3-4
Design
AGMA gear, 54-14
allowable stresses for gear, 54-13
area, fire protection, 67-11
basis, hydrostatic, 67-4
bolt load, flange, 55-14
conditions, indoor, 40-6
conditions, inside, 42-2
conditions, outside, 42-2
density, fire protection, 67-11
evolutionary, 30-2
factor, pressure rating, 19-4
filtering velocity, 71-5
for manufacture and assembly, 63-28
gear train, 59-6
guidelines for gear, 54-14
Hazen-Williams C-values for sprinkler
system, 67-12 (tbl)
helical compression spring, 54-6
hydraulic, 67-14
limit wear, gear, 54-15
of supersonic nozzle, 25-5
passive, 30-2
power, 58-7 (ftn)
power, chain drive, 59-17
pressure, 25-13
pressure drop, 41-24
pressure ratio, 25-5
pressure vessel, 55-8
professional, 75-7
radial load, equivalent, 54-23
simple epicyclic gear train, 59-7
spring, 54-2
sprinkler system, 67-14
stress, hydrostatic, 67-4
temperature, inside, 42-2
wall thickness, 19-4
Designation
aluminum, 47-11
cycle, 27-2
material, 55-5 (tbl)
of hydraulic oils, 19-3
temper, 49-9
Desorption
gas, 71-2 (ftn)
thermal, 71-24, 71-25
Destruction removal efficiency, 71-13
Destructive test, 48-14
Desulfurization, flue gas, 21-5, 71-2
Desuperheater, 26-14
fixed-orifice, 26-14
Detector
aspirating particle, 70-4
light-sensitive, 64-4
particle, 70-4
resistance temperature, 64-5
-transducer, 64-3
Deterioration model, 63-11
Determinacy, 45-7
Determinant, 4-3
Determinate
beam type, 45-8
reactions, 45-8

P P I

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R E F E R E N C E

statically, 45-7
truss, 45-13
Determining phase, 23-3
Deterministic model, 63-2
Detonation, 28-6 (ftn)
Deuterium, 20-2
Deuteron, 20-2
Deutsch-Anderson equation, 71-9
Developer, 75-4
Deviate, standard normal, 11-12
Deviation
angle, 25-12
log standard, 11-8
sample standard, 11-13
Device
hearing protective, 73-12
photoconductive, 64-4 (ftn)
photoemissive, 64-4 (ftn)
pressure relief, 16-12
pressure-measuring, 15-2
Dew point, 21-14
apparatus, 38-8
flue gas, 21-14
stack, 68-4
temperature, 38-2
Dewatering, groundwater, 68-12
Dezincification, 20-19, 47-12
dfg, 21-16
Diabatic flow, 25-20
frictionless, 25-20
Diagonal matrix, 4-1
Diagram
block, 62-5
cash flow, 74-3
control logic, 62-13
control logic block, 62-13
elementary, 44-6
enthalpy-entropy, 23-10
equilibrium, 23-3, 49-1, 49-3
fatigue, 52-7 (ftn)
free-body, 45-8
indicator, 28-8, 64-14
influence, 45-10, 46-8, 46-9, 46-11,
46-12, 46-13
iron-carbon phase, 49-4
isothermal transformation, 49-6
ladder logic, 44-6
line, 44-6, 61-3
Mollier, 23-10
moment, 51-8
Nelson, 55-4
p-h, 23-12
p-V, 24-4
phase, 23-3, 49-1
pole-zero, 62-8
pressure-enthalpy, 23-12
relay logic, 44-6
root-locus, 62-12
shear, 51-8
standard abbreviations for
sprinkler, 67-7 (tbl)
T-p, 24-3
T-s, 24-4, 28-4
time-temperature, 49-2
tree, 63-33
valve, 16-13 (tbl)
Venn, 11-1 (fig)
Diameter
aerodynamic equivalent, 68-9, 70-3
changes, tapered, 17-13
circle equivalent, 70-4
controlled inside, 67-3
controlled outside, 67-3
critical particle, 70-3
enclosing circle, 70-4
equivalent, 16-6 (ftn) (tbl), 17-43
equivalent aerodynamic, 70-3
equivalent, annulus, 36-8 (ftn)
equivalent, duct, 41-17
equivalent projected area, 70-4
equivalent surface area, 70-4
Ferets, 70-4, 70-5

M A N U A L

hydraulic, 16-6 (ftn), 17-9, 25-16,


36-8, 41-17 (ftn)
hydraulic, annulus, 36-8
Martins, 70-5
perimeter, 70-4
projected area, 70-4
Sauters, 70-5
sieve, 70-4, 70-5
Stokes particle, 70-3
volume-surface ratio, 70-5
volumetric, 70-4
Diametral
clearance, 54-25
interference, 53-6
pitch, 54-10
strain, 53-6
Diamond, 65-4
Diaphragm
gauge, 15-2
pump, 18-3
vibration, 60-17
Die
casting, 65-8, 65-9
casting, cold-chamber, 65-9
casting, hot-chamber, 65-9
cavity, 65-9
forging, 65-7
master, 65-9
trimmer, 65-8
trimming, 65-9
type, 65-6
Dieldrin, 68-17
Dielectric constant, 71-9
Diesel
combined, 28-11 (ftn)
cycle, air-standard, 28-11
engine, 28-10
four-stroke, 28-11
fuel, 21-7
Dieterici equation of state, 23-20
Difference
divided, 13-3
Rth-order, 3-10
table, divided, 13-3 (ftn)
terminal temperature, 26-15
total equivalent temperature, 43-3
Differential
automotive, 59-11 (fig)
control, 44-2
equation, 10-1
equation, first-order, 10-1
equation, higher-order, 10-8
equation, homogeneous, 10-1, 10-2
equation, linear, 10-1
equation, nonhomogeneous, 10-1
equation, second-order, 10-1
hardening, 49-10
manometer, 15-3
operating, 44-2
series balance bridge, 64-9 (ftn)
shunt balance bridge, 64-9 (ftn)
term, 9-1
transformer, 64-4
Differentiation
implicit, 8-4
partial, 8-4
Diffuse reflection, 73-4
Diffuser, 41-4, 41-29
pressure, 41-30
Diffusion
-controlled cell, 64-3
boron, 49-10
Diffusivity, thermal, 34-5
Digit, 12-1
binary, 12-1
least significant, 12-1
most significant, 12-1
significant, 3-1
Digital
control, 44-5
-to-analog staging module, 44-5
-to-proportional staging module, 44-5
Dilatant fluid, 14-7

Dilation, 51-2
Diluent gas, 70-2
Dilute-phase conveying, 66-8
Dilution
exhaust gas, 28-2
extraction, 70-2
toxicity, 40-10
ventilation, 40-10
Dimension
characteristic, 16-6, 34-4
nominal, 16-10
of variables, 1-8 (tbl)
primary, 1-7
ratio, 67-4
ratio, standard, 67-4
Dimensional analysis, 1-8
Dimensionless, 1-8, 1-9 (tbl)
group, 1-8, 1-9 (tbl)
number, 1-7, 1-9 (tbl), 36-2
Dimensions
bolt, 53-11
BWG tubing, A-47
cast-iron pipe, A-42
concrete pipe, A-40, A-41
CPVC pipe, A-36
ductile iron pipe, A-42, A-43
PVC pipe, A-36, A-37, A-38, A-39
seamless steel boiler tubing, A-47
steel boiler tubing, A-47
steel pipe, A-29, A-30, A-31, A-32, A-33,
A-34, A-35
Dimetric view, 2-3
Diode, plasma, 31-9
Dioxide, sulfur, 68-20
Dioxin, 68-8
Direct
-acting pump, 18-2
central impact, 58-17 (fig)
-condensing tower, 39-3
-contact heater, 26-14
coal-fueled turbine, 29-2
combination, 20-7
current, 72-2
digital control (DDC), 44-5
-firing system, 26-3
fuel reforming cycle, 31-8
gain, 62-4
impact, 58-18
injection, 28-3
iron-making process, 47-5
labor, 74-32
material, 74-32
-reduced iron, 47-5
shear stress, 54-5
steam cycle, 31-6
transfer function, 62-4
Directed graph, 63-3
Direction
angle, 5-2, 7-5
cosine, 5-2, 7-5, 45-2, 45-12
helix, 54-6
number, 7-5
-sensing probe, 17-27
Directional derivative, 8-6
Directivity
factor, 73-7
sound, 73-7
Directrix, 7-10
Disbenefit, 74-16
Disbursement, 74-3
Disc, thermodynamic, steam trap, 16-14
Discharge, 18-4
coefficient, 17-18, 17-30, 19-9, 40-6
coefficient, choked flow, 25-15
coefficient, nozzle, 25-8
coefficient, sprinkler, 67-9
coefficient, venturi, 17-30
electrical, machining, 65-5
from tank, 17-17 (fig) (ftn)
of contract, 75-6
rate, hopper, 66-7
side, 18-4
tank, 17-16, 17-17 (fig)

time, compressible flow, 25-15


velocity, 17-17
Discontinuity, 55-6
local, 55-6
stress, 55-6
structural, 55-6
Discontinuous chip, 65-1
Discount factor, A-169, A-170
Discounting, 74-5
Discrete compounding, 74-7 (tbl)
Discriminant, 3-3, 7-9
Discs, method of, volume, 9-6
Dish
-engine system, 31-3
-Sterling system, 31-3
system, 31-3
Disinfection byproducts, 68-21
Disintegration, 68-18
Disjoint set, 11-1
Disk
burst, 55-20
clutch, 54-20, 54-21
rotating, 59-3
rotating solid, 59-3
rupture, 55-20
Dispatch interval, 66-5
Dispersant, 20-24
Dispersion, 11-13
relative, 11-13
-strengthened system, 47-18
Dispersoid, 47-18
Displacement, 20-7, 57-3
forced, 55-6
linear, 57-3
meter, 17-26
piston, 32-3
virtual, 46-10
Displacer, 28-12
Disposition, hazardous waste, 69-2
Dissatisfier, 63-29
Dissociation
constant, 20-15
temperature, 21-15
Dissolved oxygen
in water, A-58
process, 47-3
Distance
between figures, 7-7
between points, 7-5, 7-7
between sprinklers, 67-11
center, 54-11
critical, 17-5
radial, 70-3
semimajor, 7-11
semiminor, 7-11
-squared law, 73-3
stopping, 70-3
traveled, 57-3
Distillate, oil, 21-6
Distillation
global, 68-17
temperature, 68-10
Distorted model, 17-45
Distortion energy theory, 48-8, 52-5
Distributed
collector system, 31-3
load, 45-5, 45-6
load, cable, 45-18
Distribution, 63-9 (ftn)
bathtub, 11-9
binomial, 11-4
chi-squared, 11-7, A-13
continuous, 11-6
discrete, 11-4, 11-5
effectiveness, air, 40-3
exponential, 11-6, 63-9
frequency, 11-10
function, continuous, 11-6
Galtons, 11-8
Gaussian, 11-6
hypergeometric, 11-5
leptokurtic, 11-14
log-normal, 11-8

I-17

Maxwell-Boltzmann, 23-17
mesokurtic, 11-14
multiple hypergeometric, 11-5
negative exponential, 11-9
normal, 11-6
pattern from ceiling sprinkler, 67-9 (fig)
platykurtic, 11-14
point, 41-30
Poisson, 11-5
Students t-, 11-7, 63-16 (ftn), A-14
velocity, 16-7
Weibull, 63-9 (ftn)
Distributive law, 3-3
matrix, 4-4
set, 11-2
District heating, 29-9
Dittus-Boelter equation, 36-6
Divergence, 8-7
Divergent sequence, 3-10
Diversity
occupancy, ventilation, 40-4
population, ventilation, 40-4
Divided
difference, 13-3
difference table, 13-3 (ftn)
flow fitting, 41-19
Division matrix, 4-4
Dodge-Romig plan, 63-25
Dollars, 74-2
constant value, 74-39
Domain analysis, 62-11
Dome, vapor, 23-3
Domestic heat source, 42-4 (ftn)
Dominant load, 46-14
Donnan formula, 68-12
Door blower, 43-4
Doppler effect, 73-5
Dose
badge, 73-12
noise, 73-12
radiation absorbed, 6-1 (ftn)
Dosimeter, noise, 73-12
Dot product, 5-3
vector, 5-3 (fig)
Double
-acceptance plan, 63-26
-acting engine, 28-2
-acting pump, 18-2
-acting valve, 19-3
and add method, 12-1 (ftn)
-angle formula, 6-3
butt, 53-11 (ftn)
Cardan joint, 59-18 (ftn)
-dabble method, 12-1 (ftn)
declining balance, 74-21, 74-26
-effect evaporator, 26-15
-entry bookkeeping, 74-33
integral, 9-3
integration method, 51-13
interlock preaction system, 67-3
orifice air valve, 16-14
rivet, 53-11 (ftn)
root, 3-3
seal, 71-18
shear, 53-11
suction pump, 18-4
taxation, 75-2
-tempered steel, 47-7
vortex, 71-7
-vortex, single cyclone (inertial
separator), 71-7 (fig)
Doubling time, 3-11, 74-8, 74-9
Downcomer, 26-4
Downcycling, 68-18
Downtime, 63-9
Downwind machine, 31-4
DR, 67-4
Draft, 21-17, 65-8
available, 21-17
balanced, 21-17
chimney, 21-17
cooling tower, 39-1
forced, 21-17

P P I

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INDEX - D

I N D E X

I-18

M E C H A N I C A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - E

gauge, 15-3 (ftn)


induced, 21-17
induced, mechanical, 39-1
loss, 21-17
natural, 21-17
tube, 18-24
Drag, 17-41
coefficient, 17-41, 17-42 (fig), 36-4
coefficient, cars, 17-41
count, 17-42
disk, 17-42
filter, 71-5
form, 17-41
induced, 17-41
pressure, 17-41
profile, 17-41
sphere, 17-42
viscous, 58-18
wake, 17-41
Drain
extraction, 68-12
relief, 68-12
Drainage coefficient, 68-12
Draught, 21-17 (ftn)
Drawing, 49-9, 65-7
indicator, 28-8
pictorial, 2-2 (ftn)
Drawn temper pipe, 67-3
Drift, 39-2
velocity, 71-8, 71-9
velocity, effective, 71-9
Drin, 68-17
Drip, 26-15
pump, 26-15
Drive
belt, 54-16
chain, 59-15
chain, torque and power, 59-16
cold-end, 29-1
crossed, 54-16
flat belt, 54-16
gear sets and gear, 54-11
Hotchkiss, 59-18
open, 54-16
open and crossed belt, 54-16 (fig)
ratio, chain, 59-16
roller chain, 59-16
shaft, 59-18
shaft, torque and power, 59-18
variable frequency, 41-8
variable speed fan, 41-7
worm, 54-15
Driving dynamometer, 64-13
Droop, compressor, 32-9
Drop
design pressure, 41-24
forging, 65-7
hydraulic, 16-9 (ftn)
machine, 60-21
pressure, 19-5
pressure, steel pipe, A-53
spherical, 10-10
test, 60-21
Dropwise condensation, 35-7, 35-8
Drum
mud, 26-4 (ftn)
steam, 26-4
wire rope, 66-3
Dry
absorption, 71-20
air, composition, 21-8 (tbl)
-bulb temperature, 38-1, 38-2, 38-6
bulk solid, 66-7
chemical extinguisher, 67-20
combustor, 29-2
compression, 33-4
condition, 58-6
cooling tower, 39-3
flue gas loss, 21-16
pipe sprinkler system, 67-2
pipe valve, 67-2, 67-3
riser, 67-5
sand, 65-8

P P I

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R E F E R E N C E

M A N U A L

saturated steam, 23-14


scrubbing, 71-20
ultrafine coal, 68-9, 68-10
vapor compression cycle, 33-4
DSCF, 41-2
Du Nouy
ring, 14-11
torsion balance, 14-11 (ftn)
Dual
cycle, air-standard, 28-12
duct system, 41-13, 44-1
duct VAV box, 41-13
-flash cycle, 31-7
Duct, 36-8 (ftn)
area, changing, 25-4
balancing, 41-23
collapse, 41-23
collapse pressure, 41-14
corrugated, 41-14 (ftn)
crossover, 41-23
damper, 41-23
design, economical, 41-22
dual, system, 41-13
dual, VAV box, 41-13
elbow, 41-18, 41-19
exhaust, system, 41-21
fan, 41-4
filter, 41-23
flexible, 41-14
friction, 41-14, 41-17
friction loss, 41-14
gauges, 41-13
heat gain to, 43-5
heat gain to air conditioning, 43-5
index run, 41-8
jumper, 41-23
leakage, 41-22
mine tunnel, 41-32
mining, 41-32
noise, 41-31
plastic, 41-14
polyvinyl coated, 41-13
pressure loss, 41-14
rectangular, 41-17
roughness, 41-14
runout, 41-13
sorbent-injection, 21-5
specific roughness, 41-14 (ftn)
spiral, 41-13
supply, 41-21
system, dual-, 44-1
system, gravity, 41-13
system, radial, 41-13
system, single-, 44-1
system, trunk, 41-13
Ductile
cast iron, 47-9
cast iron pipe, 16-9
iron, grades, 47-10
iron pipe, A-42
iron pipe dimensions, A-42, A-43
iron pipe, special pressure classes, A-43
material, 48-6, 52-3, 52-4
transition temperature, 48-15
Ductility, 48-6
transition temperature, 48-17
Dulong and
Petit value, 23-8
Petits law, 23-7, 23-8
Dulongs formula, 21-14
Dummy
activity, 63-5
gauge, 64-10
node, 63-4
unit load method, 46-7
Dump, 68-14
condenser, 26-11 (ftn)
Dumping, 41-30
Dunkerley approximation, 60-16
Duplex
chain, 59-17

pump, 18-2
stainless steel, 47-9
system, 63-9
Duplexed steel, 47-4
Durability, surface, gear, 54-14
Duralumin, 47-12 (ftn)
Duration, 63-3
modulation, pulse, 41-8
reference, 73-12
Dust, 68-9
coal, 68-9
collection system, 41-32
collector, 40-11, 41-32
collector, two-stage, 41-32
concentration, 66-12, 66-13
control, 68-9
density, areal, 71-5
loading, 71-5
Duty, 29-8
condenser, 26-11
cooling, 39-2
cycle, 72-14
point, fan, 41-9 (ftn)
rating, continuous, 28-4
transferred, 29-8
Dwell, 59-12
Dynamic
analysis, 51-8
balance, 56-2, 60-18
bearing load, equivalent, 54-23
cam lobe, 59-13 (fig)
compressor, 32-1, 32-2, 32-8
deflection, 60-20
energy, 16-1 (ftn)
equilibrium, 58-5
friction, 58-5
gas, 25-1
head, 18-6
load rating, 54-23
loss, duct fitting, 41-17
programming, 63-12
reaction, 58-5 (ftn)
response, 51-8
response, spring, 54-8
similarity, 17-45
similarity, fan, 41-10
unit, 62-4
viscosity, 14-6 (ftn)
Dynamics, 57-1
Dynamometer, 28-3, 64-13
brake, 64-13
driving, 64-13
torsion, 64-13
transmission, 64-13
Dyne, 1-4, 1-5, A-3

E
e-folding time, 3-11
E-glass, 47-20
Earnings, relative, 63-21
Earplug, NRR, 73-13
Earth
atmosphere, 15-12, 15-13 (ftn)
rare, 20-4
Eastern coal, 21-5
EC grade aluminum, 47-11 (ftn)
Eccentric
impact, 58-18
load, column, 53-4
load, connection, 53-18
loading, 51-12
Eccentricity, 7-8, 7-11, 7-12, 51-12, 53-4
dam, 15-12
orbit, 58-21
ratio, bearing, 54-25
Echelon
form, row-reduced, 4-2
matrix, 4-1
Eckert number, 1-9 (tbl)
Eco-toxicity, 68-18
Economic
analysis, 74-2

analysis, engineering, 74-2


analysis factor, A-169
analysis factor table, A-170
analysis, life, 74-4
indicator, 74-39
insulation thickness, 34-11
life, 74-19, 74-20
order quantity, 63-2 (ftn), 74-43
Economical duct design, 41-22
Economics, engineering, 74-2
Economizer, 26-15
air-side, 43-2
ash, 21-3
HVAC, 43-2
water-side, 43-2
Eddy current testing, 48-12
Edge
coefficient, slab, 42-3
three-, bearing test, 16-11
Eductor, 26-3 (ftn)
venturi, 66-8
EER, 43-2
Effect
ceiling, 41-29
chimney, 40-6
Coanda, 41-29
common ion, 20-12
Doppler, 73-5
evaporator, 26-15
flywheel, 59-3
greenhouse, 31-2
Hall, 31-8 (ftn)
isotope, 20-2 (ftn)
Magnus, 17-41
of end treatment on helical compression
spring, 54-5 (fig)
of noncondensing gases on power cycle
performance, 26-12 (fig)
Peltier, 64-7 (ftn)
photoelectric, 64-4
piezoelectric, 15-2, 64-4
refrigeration, 33-3
Seebeck, 64-7
stack, 21-17, 40-6
system, 41-9
thermal flywheel, 42-5
Thompson, 64-7 (ftn)
venturi, 17-29
Effective
allowable stress, pressure vessel, 55-12
annual interest rate, 74-5
area, 41-30
cross-sectional area, 19-9
drift velocity, 71-9
exhaust velocity, 25-8
force, 58-5 (ftn)
head, 17-17, 18-6
interest rate, 74-5, 74-28
leakage area, 43-4
length, column, 53-3
length, V-belt, 54-17
number of turns, 66-13
period, 74-2
peripheral velocity, 66-17
pressure, 28-3
pressure, mean, 28-8
sensible heat ratio, 38-7
stress, 52-5
tension, belt, 66-10
throat thickness, 53-14
time, 25-9
value, 72-5
weld throat, 53-14
wind velocity, 40-6
Effectiveness
air distribution, 40-3
fin, 34-17
heat exchanger, 36-20
lever, 15-14
method, 36-20
radiator, 34-17
regeneration, 29-7
ventilation system, 40-4

Efficacy, 73-2
Efficiency, 22-6, 26-9, 63-34, 73-2
adiabatic, 26-9 (ftn)
adiabatic compression, 32-2
adiabatic, turbine, 26-9
air sampler collection, 70-4
boiler, 21-16, 26-4
coil, 38-8
collector, 31-2
combustion, 21-16
cooling, 39-2
cooling tower, 39-2
curve, fractional-, 66-14
curve, grade-, 66-14
cyclone, 66-14
cyclone, absolute, 66-14
cyclone collection, 66-14
cyclone grade, 66-14
cyclone removal, 66-14
destruction removal, 71-13
electrostatic precipitator, 71-9
energy-production, 22-6
energy-use, 22-6
factor, Fried heat transfer, 36-22
factor, heat removal, 31-2
filtration, 41-23
fin, 34-17
function, 63-34
furnace, 21-16
gear train, 54-12
humidification, 38-10
ideal, 28-3
isentropic, pump, 26-7
isentropic, turbine, 26-9
isolation, 60-13
isothermal compression, 32-2
joint, 16-10, 53-12, 55-11
lever, 15-14
luminous, 73-2
mechanical, 28-3
mesh, 54-12
method, 36-20
minimum, reporting value, 41-23
motor, 72-18
nozzle, 25-8
of welded joint in head, 55-11 (tbl)
of welded joint in shell, 55-11 (tbl)
overall, 66-14
overall, pump, 18-9
overall, turbine, 26-9
polytropic, 32-5
production, 63-20
pulley, 45-11
pump, 18-9, 26-6, 26-7
pumping (temperature), 18-20
radiator, 34-17
ratio, energy, 43-2
regenerator, 29-7
relative, 28-3
removal, 71-7
saturation, 38-10
static, 41-7
thermal, 21-16, 24-11, 27-2 (ftn), 28-3
total, 41-6
ventilation, 40-4
volumetric, 28-3, 32-4
Efflux, speed of, 17-17
Effort, 45-11
variable, 19-8
EfLA, 43-4
Eigenvalue, 4-8, 62-8 (ftn)
Eigenvector, 4-8
EIR, 68-3
EJCDC, 75-5 (ftn)
Ejector pump, 18-2
ELA, 43-4
Elastic
analysis, 53-17 (ftn)
beam deflections, A-148, A-149,
A-150, A-151
constants, 48-9
constants, relationships, 48-9

I-19

deflection, beam, A-148, A-149,


A-150, A-151
deformation, 46-2, 51-2
failure, 51-18, 51-19
impact, 58-17
limit, 48-3
line, 51-14
modulus, 48-2
region, 48-3
strain, 48-3
toughness, 48-7
Elasticity, modulus of, 48-2, 48-4, 51-2
Elastomer, 47-13
Elastomeric compound, 47-16
Elbow, duct, 41-18, 41-19
Electric
arc furnace, 47-5
charge, 72-2
heat tracing, 34-21
machine, 72-16
motor, 19-6
motor size, 18-10
motor variables, 19-6 (tbl)
vehicle, 31-10
Electrical
analogy, lumped parameter, 34-13
analogy, thermal, 34-6, 34-13
discharge machining, 65-5
generator, 26-16
output, gross, 26-3
output, net, 26-3
plant, hydroelectric, 18-23
rating, power plant, 26-1
system, 61-8
system diagram, 61-8
unit conversion, A-1, A-2
Electricity cost, 18-9
Electro-hydraulic forming, 65-11
Electrochemical
grinding, 65-6
machining, 65-6
Electrodeposition, 47-12
Electrodischarge machining, 65-5
Electrolysis, 47-12
Electrolytic grinding, 65-6
Electromagnetic flowmeter, 17-27
Electromotive force, 72-2
Electronic
enclosures, cooling, 36-23
erosion, 65-5
Electroplating, 65-14
Electropneumatic switch, 44-1
Electrospark
forming, 65-11
machining, 65-5
Electrostatic
precipitator, 71-8
precipitator, efficiency, 71-9
unit, 72-2
Element, 20-1, 61-2
active, 61-2
atomic numbers and weights, A-57
control, 62-13
idealized, 61-1
linear, 61-1
matrix, 4-1
negative, 64-7
nonlinear, 61-1, 61-2
passive, 61-2
plate-type, 55-3
positive, 64-7
properties, A-57
set, 11-1
shell-type, 55-3
transition, 20-4
types, 20-2
Elementary
diagram, 44-6
row operation, 4-2
Elevation, 2-2
angle, 6-2
drawing, 2-2 (ftn)

P P I

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INDEX - E

I N D E X

I-20

M E C H A N I C A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - E

Elevator, 66-4
belt, 66-11
bucket, 66-11
Elimination, Gauss-Jordan, 4-2
Elinvar, 47-13
Ellipse, 7-11
degenerative, 7-11
equation, 68-12
formula, A-7
Ellipsoidal head, 2:1, 55-5
Elliptic integral function, 9-8 (ftn)
Elongation, 46-2
at failure, percent, 48-6
percent, 48-6
ratio, 70-5
Elutriation, 66-16
Embossing, 65-7
Embrittlement
blue, 49-9
caustic, 20-19, 55-4
hydrogen, 20-19, 55-4
neutron, 30-2
Emery, 47-18
Emission
fugitive, 68-10
monitoring, 70-2
monitoring, continuous, 70-2
sampling, 70-1
Emissive power, 37-1
Emissivity, 37-1
factor, 37-3
surface, A-136
Emittance, luminous, 73-2
Empirical formula, 20-7
Employer, dealing with, 76-2
Emulsion, 20-10 (ftn)
invert, 19-2 (ftn)
Enclosed air space, 35-7
Enclosing circle diameter, 70-4
Enclosure, air hood, 40-9
End
-around carry, 12-4
built-in, 46-7
crank, 28-2
fixed, 46-7
head, 28-2
plain, 54-5
post, 45-12
-quench test, 49-7
-restraint coefficient, 53-3
treatment of helical compression
springs, 54-6 (fig)
Endoergic impact, 58-17
Endosulfan, 68-17
Endothermic reaction, 20-18
Endpoint, pressure-drop, 20-22
Endrin, 68-17
Endurance
limit, 48-9
ratio, 48-9
strength, 48-9, 48-10
Energizing brake, self-, 54-18
Energy, 22-1
climate factor, 43-5
compliance, 19-11
conservation, 16-1, 60-5
conservation law, 22-1
content, 38-3
content of air, 38-3
conversion, ocean thermal, 31-6
conversion, SI, A-3
cutting, 65-3
density, 31-10
dissipation, 54-18
dissipation in brakes and clutches, 54-18
dynamic, 16-1 (ftn)
-efficiency ratio, 22-6 (ftn), 33-3, 43-2
equation, steady-flow, 24-5
falling mass, 22-3
flow, 16-2 (ftn), 22-3, 23-5, 24-6
flywheel, 59-3
free, 23-10
geothermal, 31-6

P P I

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R E F E R E N C E

grade line, 16-8, 17-15


gravitational, 16-1, 16-2 (ftn), 22-3
impact, 16-4
inertance, 19-12
internal, 22-4, 23-5
kinetic, 1-3, 1-4, 16-1, 22-3
kinetic, specific, 16-1, 16-2
line, 16-8 (ftn)
molar internal, 23-5
p-V, 22-3, 22-4
potential, 1-3, 16-2, 22-3
pressure, 16-2, 22-3
-production efficiency, 22-6
seasonal cooling, 43-5
sink, 17-15, 24-11
solar, 31-2
source, 17-15
source, renewable, 31-1
specific, 16-1, 16-9, 22-1, 59-3, 65-3
specific, battery, 31-10
specific internal, 23-5
spring, 22-3
stagnation, 16-4
Star, 43-3
static, 16-2 (ftn), 22-3
storage, compressed-air, 31-9 (ftn)
storage in flywheels, 59-2
storage, methods of, 31-9
strain, 48-6, 48-7, 51-2, 51-12
total, 16-2, 16-4
transfer, useful, 33-3
-use efficiency, 22-6
velocity, 16-1 (ftn)
-work principle, 22-3, 22-4
Engine
combustion, 28-3
compression ignition, 28-2
diesel, 28-10
double-acting, 28-2
free-piston, 28-13
fuel-injected, 28-3
gas-diesel, 28-11
heat, 24-12
interference, 54-18
internal combustion, 28-2
kinematic Stirling, 28-13
lean-burn, 28-11
noninterference, 54-18
oil, 54-24
power, 28-3
single-acting, 28-2
spark ignition, 28-2
Stirling, 28-12
stroke, 28-2
torque, 28-3
Engineering
dimensional system, 1-7
economic analysis, 74-2
economics, 74-2
economy factor, A-169, A-170
environmental, 68-4
mechanics, 45-1
steel link chain, 59-15, 59-16 (fig)
strain, 48-2
stress, 48-2
system, 10-8
Engineers
dealing with, 76-3
Joint Contracts Documents
Committee, 75-5 (ftn)
Engineers Creed, 76-1
English
engineering system, 1-2
gravitational system, 1-3
Enlargement, 17-12
sudden, 17-12, 17-13
Enthalpy, 23-4, 23-5
correction, 38-4
-entropy diagram, 23-10
-entropy diagram, steam, A-71
moist air, 38-3
molar, 23-4
of combustion, A-61

M A N U A L

of formation, 20-17, 20-18


of reaction, 20-17
pressure-, diagram, 23-12
specific, 23-4
Entrance
coefficient, 40-6
loss, culvert, 17-20 (tbl)
pipe, 17-13
Entropy, 23-6
absolute, 23-6
-enthalpy diagram, 23-10
function, 23-11
production, 23-6
standardized, 23-6
Entry
length, thermal, 36-5
coefficient of, 41-19
matrix, 4-1
Environment, 24-1, 68-2
temperature, 34-6
working, 63-29
Environmental
engineering, 68-4
impact report, 68-3
protection, ethics, 76-4
tobacco smoke, 40-5
Epicyclic
bevel gear, 59-11
bevel gear set, analysis, 59-11
gear, 59-6
gear set, 59-6
gear set, graphic
representation, 59-8, 59-9 (fig)
gear set, simple, analysis, 59-7
gear, smallest, 59-8 (tbl)
gear train, complex, analysis, 59-8
gear train, simple, design, 59-7
gear, train value, 59-7
Epicycloid, 7-4
Epidemic, 10-10
Epoxy
coal tar, 16-11
pipe coating, 16-11
Equal
-friction method, 41-24
vectors, 5-1
Equality of matrices, 4-4
Equalization, flow, 71-25
Equation (see also Formula), 3-2
algebraic, 3-2
Andrades, 48-16
Antoine, 14-10 (ftn)
auxiliary, 10-1
Bernoulli, 16-2
Bessel, 10-5
Blasius, 17-5
Bromley, 35-11
Buckingham, 54-15 (ftn)
Carrier, 38-3
Cauchy, 10-5
Chapman-Kolmogorov, 63-34
characteristic, 4-8, 10-1, 59-9, 62-4, 62-12
Clausius-Clapeyron, 14-10 (ftn)
Colburn, 36-9
Colding, 68-12
Colebrook, 17-5, 17-6
complementary, 10-1
complete isothermal flow, 17-10
continuity, 17-2, 17-3
Darcy, 17-6, 17-8
Darcy-Weisbach, 17-6, 17-7
Deutsch-Anderson, 71-9
differential, 10-1
Dittus-Boelter, 36-6
Donnan, 68-12
ellipse, 68-12
Eulers, 3-8, 10-5
extended Bernoulli, 17-15
first-order, 10-1
Gauss hypergeometric, 10-5
general flow, 25-2
Hagen-Poiseuille, 17-7, 19-8 (ftn)
Hazen-Williams, 17-8, 67-12

higher-order linear differential, 10-8


Hilbert-Morgan, 36-8
homogeneous, 3-7
homogeneous differential, 10-1, 10-2
Huebscher, 41-17
Janssen, 66-7
Johanson, 66-7
Joukowskys, 19-12
Karman-Nikuradse, 17-5
Legendre, 10-5
linear, 3-6, 3-7
linear differential, 10-1
load-deflection, 54-5
Nikuradse, 17-5
nonhomogeneous, 3-7
nonhomogeneous differential, 10-1, 10-3
nonlinear, 10-1
nonparametric, 3-2
normalizing, 63-35
Nusselt, 35-4, 36-5
of conditions, 46-1
of state, Beattie-Bridgeman, 23-20
of state, Bertholet, 23-20
of state, Clausius, 23-20
of state, correlation, 23-20
of state, Dieterici, 23-20
of state, ideal gas, 23-14
of state, polytropic, 24-2
of state, real gas, 23-20
of state, van der Waals, 23-20
of state, virial, 23-20
parametric, 3-2
Petroff, 54-25
quadratic, 3-3, 7-9
Rayleigh, 60-16 (ftn)
reduced, 10-1
Refutas, 14-16
response, 62-14
Rohsenow, 14-11
second-order, 10-1
Sieder-Tate, 36-6
simultaneous linear, 3-6, 3-7
spring rate, 54-5
state, 62-14
steady-flow energy, 25-2, 26-9
Swamee-Jain, 17-6
system, 61-2, 61-3
Taylors, 65-5
three-moment, 46-5
tool life, 65-5
Torricelli, 17-17
Weisbach, 17-6, 17-7
Weymouth, 25-18
Zuber, 14-11
Equiangular rosette, 64-12
Equilateral hyperbola, 7-12
Equilibrium, 58-2
chemical, 20-12, 20-14
conditions of, 45-6
constant, 20-14
diagram, 23-3, 49-1, 49-3
dynamic, 58-5
in three dimensions, 45-21
isopiestic, 14-10 (ftn)
moisture content, 47-17
neutral, 58-2
phase, 58-6
position, 60-2, 60-3
reactions, types of, 49-3 (tbl)
simulated, 58-5 (ftn)
solid, 23-3
stable, 58-2
static, 15-16, 45-6 (ftn)
thermal, 23-4, 24-5, 37-1, 37-2, 37-6
unstable, 58-2
Equipment
control, 44-1
high-side, 33-8
low-side, 33-9
unitary, 44-1
Equipotential line, 17-3
Equiprobable size, 66-14
Equity, 74-35

Equivalence, economic, 74-5


Equivalent, 20-6
annual cost, 74-16
CaCO3, 20-20
calcium carbonate, A-59, A-60
chemical, 20-6
design radial load, 54-23
diameter, 16-6 (ftn) (tbl), 17-43
diameter, aerodynamic, 70-3
diameter, annulus, 36-8 (ftn)
diameter, duct, 41-17
dynamic bearing load, 54-23
evaporation, 26-5
factor, A-169, A-170
fluid height, 15-5 (tbl)
Joule, 22-1
leakage area, 43-4 (ftn)
length, 17-12, A-54
length, fittings, A-54
length method, duct, 41-18
length, method of, 17-12
projected area diameter, 70-4
radial load, bearing, 54-23
resultant force, 45-4
spring constant, 53-20, 54-3
stress, 52-6
surface area diameter, 70-4
uniform annual cost, 74-7, 74-16
vector, 5-1 (ftn)
water chemistry, A-59, A-60
weight, 20-6
weight, milligram, 20-10, 20-11
wind velocity, 40-6
Erf, 9-8
Erg, 1-5, A-3
Ergodic state, 63-35
Ergonomics, 63-30
Ericsson cycle, 28-13 (ftn)
Erosion
corrosion, 20-19
electronic, 65-5
Error, 11-11
false positive, 11-14
feedback system, 62-4
function, 9-8, 11-8, A-15
function, complementary, 11-8, A-15
function values for positive x values, A-15
gain, 62-4
in action, 54-15
limits range, 64-7
magnitude, 64-3
ratio, 62-4
signal, 62-4
standard, 11-13
straight line, 53-20 (ftn), 54-2 (ftn)
tachometer, 62-14
terms, 64-3
transfer function, 62-4
type, 64-2
type I, 11-14, 63-26
type II, 11-15
Errors and omissions insurance, 75-8
Escape velocity, 58-21
ESP
collection efficiency, 71-9
power density, 71-9, 71-10
removal efficiency, 71-9
Estimate, precise, 64-2
Estimator, unbiased, 11-12, 11-13
Etchant, 65-6
Etching radius, 65-6
Ethanol, 21-8
Ethical priority, 76-2
Ethics, 76-1
code of, 76-1
Ethyl alcohol, 21-8
ETS, smoke, 40-5
Euler
constant, 9-8
curve, 53-3
equation, 3-8, 10-5
equations of motion, 58-10
load, 53-2

I-21

number, 1-9 (tbl), 66-14


resistance coefficient, 66-14
Eutectic
alloy, 49-3
cast iron, 49-5
composition, 49-3
line, 49-3
material, 49-3
point, 49-3 (ftn)
reaction, 49-3 (tbl)
temperature, 49-3
Eutectoid
reaction, 49-3 (tbl)
steel, 49-5
temperature, 49-4
Evacuated-tube collector, 31-2
Evaluation, nondestructive, 48-12
Evaporation, 10-10
equivalent, 26-5
factor of, 26-4
loss, 39-2
Evaporative
cooling, 38-10
pan humidification, 40-7
pan method, 40-7
Evaporator, 26-15, 33-1, 33-9
flash, 26-14 (ftn)
multiple-effect, 26-15
single-effect, 26-15
single-stage, 26-15
Evase, 41-4
Even symmetry, 9-7 (tbl)
curve, 7-4
Event, 11-3, 63-3
dependent, 11-3
independent, 11-3
numerical, 11-4
sample space, 11-3
time, 63-3
Evolutionary design, 30-2
Ewart link chain, 59-15
Exact first-order, 10-3
Examination
nondestructive, 55-11
weld, 55-11
Exceedance ratio, 11-12
Excess
air, 20-8, 21-12
kurtosis, 11-14
spherical, 6-6
Exchange, ion, 20-21
Exchanger
air-cooled, 36-10 (ftn), 36-12
crossflow, 36-11
fin-tube, 36-12
floating-head, 36-11
heat, 26-11, 36-10
internal clampring, floating-head, 36-12
outside-packed, floating-head, 36-12
panel coil, 36-12
parallel counterflow, 36-10 (ftn)
plate, 36-12
welded-plate, 36-12
Excitation, motor, 72-17
Exciter, 60-21
Exemplary damages, 75-7
Exfoliation, 20-18
Exhaust
axial, 29-1
duct system, 41-21, 41-31
gas dilution, 28-2
hood, 40-9
stroke, 28-2
velocity, characteristic, 25-9
velocity, effective, 25-8
Exit
pipe, 17-13
property, 25-5
Exoergic impact, 58-17 (ftn)
Exothermic reaction, 20-18
Expanded-flow bin, 66-6
Expander, section, 29-2

P P I

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INDEX - E

I N D E X

I-22

M E C H A N I C A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - F

Expansion
by cofactor, 4-3
coefficient of volumetric, 35-2
factor, 17-32 (fig)
linear, coefficient, 51-3, 51-4
method, 12-1
over-, 25-13
series, 8-8
single-stage turbine, 26-9 (fig)
thermal coefficient of, 14-13 (ftn)
thermal, coefficient, 51-4
two-stage turbine, 26-9, 26-10 (fig)
under-, 25-13
valve, 33-1
volumetric, coefficient, 51-4
wave, 25-13, 25-14
Expected value, 11-8, 74-30
Expense, 74-32
administrative, 74-33
artificial, 74-20
marketing, 74-33
selling, 74-33
Expensing an asset, 74-20
Experiment
accuracy, 11-11
insensitivity, 11-12
precision, 11-11
reliability, 11-12
stability, 11-12
Explosion
BLEVE, 26-5
boiling liquid-expanding vapor, 26-5
Explosive
bonding, 65-11
forming, 65-11
limit, 67-21
limit, lower, 40-10
power, ton of, 1-7
range, 67-21
Exponent, 3-5
polytropic, 15-13, 19-8, 24-2
polytropic, compression, 32-4
rules, 3-5
strain-hardening, 48-5
Exponential
decay, 10-9, 62-8, 62-9
decreasing cash flow, 74-26
distribution, 11-6, 11-9, 63-6, 63-7
distribution, negative, 11-9
form, 3-7, 3-8
function, integral, 9-8
gradient factor, 74-26
gradient series cash flow, 74-4
growth, 3-11, 10-9
growth rate, 74-4
reliability, 11-9
weighted forecast, 74-42
Exposed fraction, 15-15
Exposure
allowance, 42-2
limit, short-term, 40-10
time, particle, 70-3, 71-9
Exsec function, 6-4
Exsecant, 6-4
Extended
Bernoulli equation, 17-15
plenum system, 41-13
surfaces, 34-17
Extension
life, 29-10
spring, 54-8
Extensive property, 23-4
External
and internal gear, 59-5 (fig)
force, 45-2, 58-2
gear, 59-5
investment, 74-13
pressure, 15-13
rate of return, 74-12
shoe brake, 54-19
static pressure, 41-8
work, 22-2
Externality, nuclear, 30-2

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R E F E R E N C E

M A N U A L

Externally fired combined cycle, 29-3


Extinguisher
BC carbon dioxide, 67-20
BC dry chemical, 67-20
CO2, 67-20
dry chemical, 67-20
fire, 67-19, 67-20
multipurpose ABC, 67-20
water, 67-20
Extra
-flexible hoisting rope, 66-2
hazard, 67-2
hazard group 1, 67-2
hazard group 2, 67-2
Extraction
cycle, 27-2
dilution, 70-2
drain, 68-12
rate, 26-8
straight, 70-2
turbine, 26-9, 26-14
vacuum, 71-25
Extractive metallurgy, 47-1
Extraneous root, 3-4
Extrema, point, 8-2
Extreme
fiber, 50-7, 51-11
point, 8-2
stress, 51-6
Extrinsic waste, 68-2
Extrusion, forming, 65-10
Eo tvo s number, 1-9 (tbl), 17-45

F
F
-method, 36-20
-waste, 68-3
Fabric
building, 43-4 (ftn)
loading, 71-5
Face
-and-bypass damper control, 44-1
angle, 6-6
damper, 44-2 (ftn)
tooth, 54-10
value, 74-29
velocity, 71-5
width, tooth, 54-10
Facility, 63-15
material recovery, 71-15
waste-to-energy, 71-14
Factor (see also type)
absorption, 71-24
amplification, 60-11
anisotropy, 70-5
arrangement, 37-3
Barth speed, 54-14
black body shape, 37-2
bolt torque, 53-13
bonus, 63-20, 63-21
bypass, 38-7, 43-7
capacity, 26-16, 31-1
capacity reduction, 53-2
cash flow, 74-6, A-169, A-170
cash flow, discounting, 74-6
centrifuge sigma, 70-4
cleanliness, 26-12
coil, 38-7
compressibility, 14-13 (ftn), 23-20 (ftn)
contact, 38-8
conversion, A-1, A-2
cooling load, 43-3
Cunningham correction, 70-3
damping, 60-9
Darcy friction, 17-5, 36-4 (ftn), A-49,
A-50, A-51, A-52
demand, 26-16
density, fan, 41-11
derating, 67-4
design, pressure rating, 19-4
directivity, 73-7
economic analysis, A-169, A-170

emissivity, 37-3
energy climate, 43-5
etch, 65-6
expansion, 17-32 (fig)
exponential gradient, 74-26
Fanning friction, 25-16, 25-18, 36-4 (ftn)
fatigue notch, 48-10
fatigue stress concentration, 48-10
flange attachment, 55-14
flow, 17-14
form, 54-13 (ftn)
form, gear, 54-13
fouling, 36-17
gage, 64-8, 64-9
geometric stress concentration, 59-4 (ftn)
gray body shape, 37-3
heat removal efficiency, 31-2
heat transfer, 36-22
hindrance, 70-3
impact, 16-5
integrating, 10-2
interference, 31-6
irreducible, 74-2
joint quality, 16-10
judgment, 74-2
K-, 40-10, 67-9
latent, 43-6
LBL, 43-5
leakage, 41-22
Lewis form, 54-13 (ftn)
light loss, 73-4
load, 26-16
loading, 31-9, 68-14
magnification, 60-11
maintenance, 73-4
multiple strand, 59-17
N factor, climate, 43-5
nonquantifiable, 74-2
nonquantitative, 74-2
normal shock, 25-10
nut, 53-13
of evaporation, 26-4
of safety, 52-1
of safety, overturning, 15-11
of safety, sliding, 15-11
operation, 26-16
output, 26-16
overload, 53-2
performance, 38-11
performance rating, 63-16
perimeter-free shape, 70-6
phase, 72-7
pipe, 16-8
piping geometry, 17-14
plant, 26-16
power, 72-7, 72-9
quality, 62-10
rating, 39-2
reheat, 27-6
Reynolds number, 17-14
sensible heat, 38-7
separation, 71-8
service, 42-4, 58-7 (ftn), 72-13
service, gear drive, 54-12
service, V-belt, 54-17
shading, 31-2
shape, 34-21, 70-3, 70-5
shelter, 40-6
side friction, 58-8
single payment present worth, 74-5
sinking fund, 74-7
solar cooling load, 43-3
speed, 54-14
standard cash flow, A-169
stress concentration, 51-5
stress concentration, press fit, 53-9
stripping, 71-24
surface finish, 48-10
system bypass, 43-7
system effect, 41-9
table, A-169, A-170
transmission, 25-18
transverse sensitivity, 64-9

U-, 34-7
use, 26-16
utilization, 73-3
valve flow, 19-5
velocity of approach, 17-29
Wahl correction, 54-5
wall shear stress, 17-5 (ftn)
water hammer, 19-4
Factorial, 3-2
Factoring, polynomial, 3-4
Factors vs. strength, 48-17
Factory
cost, 74-33, 74-36
loading, 63-15
Fahrenheit, 23-4
Failure, 11-3
brittle, 48-14
conditional probability of, 11-9
cup-and-cone, 48-5
fatigue, 48-9
line, 52-6
mean time before, 11-9 (ftn)
mean time between, 63-9
mean time to, 11-9, 63-9
mode and effect analysis, 63-28
rate, 63-9
sudden, 63-11, 63-12
theory, 52-1
tool, 65-5
Faith of an Engineer, 76-1 (ftn)
Falling mass energy, 22-3
False
position method, 13-2 (ftn)
positive error, 11-14
Family, chemical, 20-2
Fan
-coil unit, 41-3, 41-4
axial-flow, 41-4
backward-curved, 41-6
boost, 21-17
brake, 64-13
centrifugal, 41-6
curve, 41-8
drive, variable speed, 41-7
duct, 41-4
forward-curved, 41-6
homologous, 41-10
law, 41-10
noise, 41-31
non-overloading, 41-6
paddle wheel, 41-6
power, 41-6
propeller, 41-4
radial, 41-6
radial tip, 41-6
rating table, 41-8
return air, 41-31
shaving wheel, 41-6
similarity, 41-10
specific speed, 41-6
squirrel cage, 41-6
straight-blade, 41-6
tubeaxial, 41-4
V-belt, 41-8
vaneaxial, 41-6
Fanning friction factor, 17-5 (ftn),
25-16 (ftn), 25-18, 36-4 (ftn)
Fanno
flow, 25-15
flow factors, A-107
line, 25-15
Far
field, 73-6
-field temperature, 34-6
Faraday, 72-2, A-1, A-2
Faradays law of induction, 17-27
Fast Fourier transform, 9-8
Fastener, 53-9
critical, 53-18
Fatigue
corrosion, 20-19
cumulative, 52-8
diagram, 52-7 (ftn)

failure, 48-9
interaction formula, 52-8
life, 48-9
life, bearing, 54-23
loading, spring, 54-4
low-cycle, 48-9
nonreversed, 54-5 (tbl)
notch factor, 48-10
notch sensitivity, 48-10
ratio, 48-9
strength, 48-9
stress concentration factor, 48-10, 51-5
test, 48-9
Fault, 63-9
-tolerant system, 63-9
-tree analysis, 63-27
Faying surface, 20-19
Feasible region, 63-13
Fee
fixed, cost plus, 75-5
lump-sum, 75-5
per diem, 75-5
percentage of construction cost, 75-5
retainer, 75-5
salary plus, 75-5
structure, 75-5
Feed main, 67-7
Feedback, 62-4
and control, 44-2
gain, 62-4
negative, 62-4
positive, 62-4
ratio, 62-4
ratio, primary, 62-4
theory, 62-4
transfer function, 62-4
unit, 62-4
Feeder
dry bulk solid, 66-7
venturi, 66-8
venturi, saturation, 66-8
Feedwater
boiler, 20-22
boiler, characteristics, 20-22
heater, 26-14
heater, closed, 26-15, 36-14 (ftn)
heater, header-type, 26-15
heater, open, 26-14 (fig)
heater, tubesheet, 26-15
Fenestration, 43-4 (ftn)
Fenvalerate, 68-18
Ferets diameter, 70-4, 70-5
Ferrimagnetic material, 47-18
Ferrispinel, 47-18
Ferrite, 47-18, 49-4, 49-6
Ferritic stainless steel, 20-19 (ftn), 47-8
Ferroelectric, 47-18
FFT, 9-8
analyzer, 9-8
Fiber
core wire rope, 66-2
extreme, 50-7
-nickel-cadmium battery, 31-11
-reinforced plastic, 47-20
-reinforced plastic duct, 41-14
-reinforced polymer, 47-20
-reinforced polymer duct, 41-14
-strengthened system, 47-20
Fiberglass, 47-20, 68-5
Fibonacci methods, 63-32
Fibrous duct, 41-14
Fictive temperature, 47-18
Fiduciary responsibility, 75-3
Field
capacity, 68-11
far, 73-6
free, 73-6
inverse-square attractive, 58-19
inverse-square repulsive, 58-19
measurement, near-, 73-6
reverberant, 73-6
sound, free-, 73-6
Figure of merit, 31-9

I-23

File hardness, 48-13


Fill, 39-1
cellular, 39-1 (ftn)
Filled tower, 39-1 (ftn)
Filler, 47-13
Fillet weld, 53-14
Film
boiling, 35-11
coefficient, 34-7, 35-2
coefficient, air, 35-4
coefficient, boiling water, 35-4
coefficient, coil, 35-6
coefficient, combined, 34-18
coefficient, correlation, 35-3
coefficient, enclosed air spaces, 35-7
coefficient, heated flat plates, 35-6
coefficient, natural, 35-2
coefficient, thin wires, 35-6
coefficient, total, 35-12
coefficient, water, 35-5
heat transfer, 34-7
Reynolds number, 35-9
temperature, 35-4, 36-3
thin, amorphous, 31-4
Filming, amine, 20-23
Filmwise condensation, 35-7
Filter
air, 40-11
berm, 68-19
chamber, 68-19
drag, 71-5
drag model, 71-5
duct, 41-23
efficiency, 41-23
grille, 41-29
HEPA, 41-23
hogs hair, 41-23
hydraulic, 19-6
power system, 19-6
ratio, 71-5
-regulator-lubricator, 19-8
sand, bed, 68-20
signal, 62-10
Filtering velocity, 71-5
Filtration
efficiency, 41-23
time, 71-6
Fin, 34-17
circular, 34-20
density, 29-8
effectiveness, 34-17
efficiency, 34-17
finite cylindrical, 34-18, 34-19
finite rectangular, 34-19
infinite cylindrical, 34-18
length, corrected, 34-20
logitudinal, 34-19
pin, 34-18
straight, 34-19
transverse, 34-20
-tube exchanger, 36-12
Final value theorem, 62-7
Fines, 21-5
Finish
organic, 65-14
surface, 2-4, 48-10, 48-11 (fig)
Finishing
barrel, 65-14
coating, 65-13
Finite
cylindrical fin, 34-18, 34-19
rectangular fin, 34-19
series, 3-11
Fins, 34-17
Fire
damper, 41-24
extinguisher, 67-19, 67-20
fighting, pump, 67-7
fighting, supply pump, 67-7
protection density, 67-11
protection design area, 67-11
protection design density, 67-11
protection system, 67-1

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

INDEX - F

I N D E X

I-24

M E C H A N I C A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - F

protection valve (see also type), 67-3


-resistant fluid, 19-2
-tube boiler, 26-4 (ftn)
Firing, co-, 71-16
Firm capacity, 26-16
First
area moment, 50-2
back pressure ratio, 25-13
critical pressure ratio, 25-13
derivative, 8-1
flush, 68-19
-in, first-out, 74-38
law of cosines, 6-6
law of thermodynamics, 22-2 (ftn)
law of thermodynamics,
closed system, 24-4
law of thermodynamics,
open system, 24-5
moment of a function, 9-6
moment of area, 46-5, 50-2
-order differential equation, 10-1
-order, exact, 10-3
-order, linear, 10-2
Fishers
kurtosis, 11-14
skewness, 11-14
Fit
interference, 53-6
press, 53-6
shrink, 53-6
Fitting, 17-12
divided flow, 41-19
equivalent length, A-54
friction loss, duct, 41-17
screwed, 17-12 (ftn)
threaded, 17-12 (ftn)
Fixed
asset, 74-35
axis, rotation about a, 58-2
-bar grille, 41-24
carbon, 21-4
centers, gears, speed
relationship, 59-11 (fig)
-charge problem, 63-14
cost, 74-32
end, 46-7
-end beam, 46-1, 46-7
-end moment, 46-7
-interval incrementing, 63-32
-orifice desuperheater, 26-14
-point iteration, 13-2
pulley, 45-11
vector, 5-1 (ftn)
Flame
blowoff, 26-3
carburizing, 65-12
hardening, 49-10
holder, 29-2
neutral, 65-12 (fig)
oxidizing, 65-12
temperature, 21-15
temperature, peak, 68-15
welding, 65-11
Flammable
liquid, 67-20
liquids and gases, properties, A-163
range, 67-21
Flange, 50-4, 55-18
attachment factor, 55-14
lap-joint, 55-17
ring, 55-17
stiffener, 51-19
straight, 55-5
tapered-hub, 55-17
type of, 55-18
welding neck, 55-17
Flanged
and dished head, 55-5
and dished head, ASME, 55-5
joint, 55-17
Flank tooth, 54-10
Flanking path, 73-10
Flap, 17-40

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

R E F E R E N C E

M A N U A L

Flare, 68-11, 71-17


Flash, 65-8
-back, 26-3
chamber, 26-14 (ftn)
evaporator, 26-14 (ftn)
point, 21-6 (ftn), 67-20
steam cycle, 31-7
tank, 26-14 (ftn), 31-7
Flashing, 26-14
Flashover, 71-9
Flat
belt, 54-16
belt drive, 54-16
coil spring, 54-9 (ftn)
-face follower, 59-12
friction, 58-5
plate, 53-19
-plate collector, 31-2
plate, evaporation, 35-11
plate, film coefficient, 35-6
plate, flow over, 36-3
plate, heat generation, 34-16
plate, uniform pressure, 53-20
response, 73-6
spring, 54-9
unstayed head, 55-14
Flex, 41-14
Flexible
duct, 41-14
hydraulic hose, 19-4
Flexural
center, 53-17
moment, 51-8 (ftn)
stress, 51-11
Flipped sine, 6-4
Float, 63-3
steam trap, 16-14
Floating
action control, 44-5
-head exchanger, 36-11
-head exchanger, internal
clampring, 36-12
-head exchanger, outside-packed, 36-12
-head exchanger, pull-through, 36-12
object, 15-15, 15-16
Flocculation, 71-26
Floodable material, 66-7
Flooded condenser, 26-12
Flooding, 71-2, 71-24
velocity, 71-2
Flow, 36-10
adiabatic with friction, 25-15
annular, 36-8
around a cylinder, 17-41, 17-43
choked, 19-10, 25-4
cocurrent, 36-10
coefficient of, 17-30
coefficient, valve, 17-13
compressible, 25-15
Couette, 36-3 (ftn)
counter current, 36-10
critical, 16-7
curve, 48-5
diabatic, 25-20
energy, 16-2 (ftn), 22-3, 23-5, 24-6
equalization, 71-25
factor, 17-14
factor, isentropic, 25-3
factor, valve, 19-5
Fanno, 25-15
flat plate, 36-3
frictionless diabatic, 25-20
fully turbulent, 16-7, 17-5
gravity, 18-5
isentropic, 25-3
isentropic, factor, 25-3
isothermal, 25-18
isothermal with friction, 25-18
laminar, 16-7, 19-5
measurement, 17-26
nozzle, 17-32
number, 66-18
of water, steel pipe, A-53

over flat plate, 17-44


parallel, 36-10
rate modulation, 41-7
rate, variable, 41-7
rate, volumetric, 17-3
Rayleigh, 25-20
regime, 25-12
regime, subsonic, 14-15 (ftn)
resistance, 61-7, 71-5
rough-pipe, 17-5
shear, 53-16
steam, 25-21
streamline, 16-7
suspension, 66-8
through, profit, 75-2
transitional, 19-5
turbulent, 16-7, 17-5
uniform, 16-9
viscous, 16-7
work, 22-3, 23-5, 24-6
Flowmeter
electromagnetic, 17-27
magnetic, 17-27
ultrasonic, 17-28
Fluctuation, coefficient of, 59-3
Flue gas, 21-12, 68-4 (ftn)
calculations, 21-13
cleanup, 68-2
desulfurization, 21-5, 71-2
dew-point, 21-14
recirculation, 71-10
temperature, 21-14
Fluid, 19-4
Bingham, 14-7
capacitance, 19-10, 61-7
compliance, 19-10
compressible, 25-1
cooling, 65-4
cryogenic, 23-2 (ftn)
cutting, 65-4
density, 14-3
designation, hydraulic, 19-3
dilatant, 14-7
fire-resistant, 19-2
friction, 58-5
heat transfer, 31-2, 36-22
height equivalent, 15-5 (tbl)
hydraulic, 19-2
ideal, 14-2
impedance, 19-12
inductance, 19-11, 61-7
inertance, 19-11, 61-7
mass, accelerating, 15-19
mass, rotating, 15-19, 59-4
mixture problem, 10-9 (fig)
Newtonian, 14-2, 14-7
non-Newtonian, 14-2
power, 19-2
power, hose, 19-4
power pump, 19-5
power systems, characteristic
equations of, 19-9 (tbl)
power systems, natural
frequency of, 19-12
power, symbols, 19-2
power, tubing, 19-4
pressure, 14-2, 15-14
property changes in, 24-10
pseudoplastic, 14-7
reactance, 19-12
real, 14-2
resistance, 19-9
resistance coefficient, 61-7
rheopectic, 14-7
rotating, 59-4
shear stress, 14-6
shell, 36-10
stream coordinates, 17-18 (fig)
system modeling, 61-7
thixotropic, 14-7
tube, 36-10
type, 14-2
velocity, hydraulic, 19-6

velocity, maximum, 17-3


viscosity, hydraulic pump, 19-6
viscosity type, 14-6
Fluidized-bed
boiler, 71-11
combustion, 21-5, 26-4
combustor, 71-10
furnace, 26-3
Fluidizing velocity, 26-3
Fluorinated hydrocarbon, 33-2
Fluoroelastomer, 47-15 (ftn)
Fluoroplastic, 47-15
Fluoropolymer, 47-15
characteristics, 47-16 (tbl)
Flush, first, 68-19
Flux, 65-12
geometric, 37-4
heat, 35-3, 36-5
luminous, 73-2
method, total, 73-3
momentum, 17-14 (ftn)
welding, 65-12
Fly ash, 21-3
Flywheel, 59-2
advanced, 59-5
composite material, 59-5
effect, 59-3
effect, thermal, 42-5
energy, 59-3
energy storage in, 59-2
materials properties, 59-5 (tbl)
rim, 59-4, 59-5 (fig)
rotor, 59-5
specific energy, 59-3
specific power, 59-3
system, concentric, 59-5
system, tandem, 59-5
Foam-water system, 67-3
Focus, 7-10
Focusing collector, 31-2
Follower, 59-12
cam and, 59-13 (fig)
flat-faced, 59-12
jump, 59-13
offset, 59-12
Foodstuffs
composition, 34-5 (tbl)
composition properties, 34-5 (tbl)
cooling and freezing properties, A-114
heat of respiration, 34-4
latent heat of freezing, 34-4
specific heat, 34-4
thermal conductivity, 34-3
thermal diffusivity, 34-5 (tbl)
thermal properties, A-113, A-114 (tbl)
Foot
board, 1-8
-candle, 63-31 (ftn)
millions of particles per cubic, 40-10 (ftn)
pulley, 66-11
standard cubic, 21-2
Force, 45-2, 58-2
amplification, 45-11
analysis of helical gear, 54-13
analysis of spur gear, 54-12
buoyant, 15-14
center of, 58-19, 58-20
centrifugal, 58-4
centripetal, 58-4
concentrated, 45-2
constant, 58-2
conversions, SI, A-3
-couple system, 45-4
cutting, 65-2
equivalent resultant, 45-4
external, 45-2, 58-2
field, central, 58-19
g-, 58-4
gear, 54-13
impulsive, 58-15
inertial, 56-2, 58-5
internal, 45-2, 45-13, 58-2
linear-velocity-dependent, 58-18

majeure, 75-4
member, 45-16
normal, 15-11, 58-4 (ftn), 58-6
normal, on a dam, 15-11
number, 66-19
on a dam, 15-11
on a helical gear, 54-13 (fig)
on blade, jet, 17-35
on pipe bend, 17-36
on plate, jet, 17-34
point, 45-2
pound, A-3
quadratic velocity-dependent, 58-19
reversed effective, 58-5 (ftn)
tangential, gear, 54-12
tensile, 45-16
tension, 45-16
unbalanced, 45-1, 58-4
van der Waals, 23-20
velocity-dependent, 58-18
work performed by, 9-4
Forced
convection, 36-2
displacement, 55-6
draft, 21-17
draft tower, 39-1
outage, mean time to, 63-9
response, 62-1, 62-2
vibration, 60-2
vibration, undamped, 60-2
Forcing
frequency, 60-10
function, 10-1, 10-3, 60-10, 61-2
Forebay, 18-23, 18-24
Forecasting, 74-42
Forging, 65-7
-hot, temperature, 65-7 (tbl)
type, 65-7
Form
center-radius, 7-9, 7-10
cis, 3-8
drag, 17-41
exponential, 3-7, 3-8
factor, 54-13 (ftn)
factor, gear, 54-13
functional, 3-2
general, 7-5
intercept, 7-5
log-linear, 3-11
Newton, 13-3 (ftn)
normal, 7-5
operational, log, 3-5
phasor, 3-8, 72-5
phasor, vector, 5-2
point-slope, 7-5
polar, 3-8, 7-5
polar, vector, 5-2
rectangular, 3-7
rectangular, vector, 5-2
row canonical, 4-2
row-reduced echelon, 4-1
slope-intercept, 7-5
standard, 7-9
standard polynomial, 3-3
trigonometric, 3-7
two-point, 7-5
Formality, 20-10
Formation
chip, 65-1
constant, 20-15
enthalpy, 20-17, 20-18
heat of, 20-17
Forming
electro-hydraulic, 65-11
explosive, 65-11
extrusion, 65-10
high energy rate, 65-11
magnetic, 65-11
vacuum, 65-10
Formula (see also Equation)
Babcock, 17-10
Barlow, 19-4
Boardman, 19-4

I-25

Cardanos, 3-3
chemical, 20-5
Colding, 68-12
Donnan, 68-12
double-angle, 6-3
Dulongs, 21-14
empirical, 20-7
fatigue interaction, 52-8
half-angle, 6-4
Hitchins, 42-6
J.B. Johnson, 53-4
Korteweg, 17-39
Lagranges, 5-5
Lame , 19-4
Lapple, 66-14
Maney, 53-13
miscellaneous angle, 6-4
Palmgren-Miner cycle ratio, 52-8
Panhandle, 17-10
parabolic column, 53-4
PLAN, 28-8
prismoidal, 66-6
secant, 53-4
Spitzglass, 17-10
Taylors, 8-8
two-angle, 6-4
uniform acceleration, 57-4 (tbl)
weight, 20-6
Weymouth, 17-10
Forward
-curved centrifugal, 41-6
-curved fan, 41-6
gain, 62-4
transfer function, 62-4
Fouling, 36-17
cause of, 26-12
condenser, 26-12
factor, 36-17
function of time, 36-17
Four
-stroke cycle, 28-2, 28-5
-stroke, diesel, 28-11
-way valve, 19-3
Fourier
analysis, 9-6
inversion, 9-6
number, 1-9 (tbl), 34-5
number, modified, 34-6
series, 9-6
transform, fast, 9-8
waveforms, 9-7
Fouriers
law, 34-6
theorem, 9-6
Fourth
moment of the mean, 11-14
-power law, 37-2
standardized moment, 11-14
Fraction
atomic, 49-1
bleed, 26-15
gravimetric, 20-6, 21-2, 23-18
growth rate, 3-11
inhalable, 68-9
mass, 23-18
mole, 14-6, 21-2, 23-18
partial, 3-6, 9-3
partial pressure, 21-2
respirable, 68-9
submerged, 15-15
thoracic, 68-9
volumetric, 21-2, 23-18
weight, 23-18
Fractional-efficiency curve, 66-14
Fracture
appearance transition temperature, 48-15
brittle, 55-7
strength, 48-3
transition plastic temperature, 48-15
Frame, 45-12
inertial, 57-10
Francis turbine, 18-23

P P I

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INDEX - F

I N D E X

I-26

M E C H A N I C A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - F

Fraud, 75-6
compensatory, 75-6
Frauds, statute of, 75-3 (ftn)
Fraudulent act, 75-6
Free
area, 41-30
body, coordinate, 45-21
-body diagram, 45-8
convection, 35-2
cooling, 43-2
energy, 23-10
-field sound, 73-6
-flow valve, 19-3
-machining steel, 47-5, 65-4
moment, 45-4, 45-9
path, gas, 70-3
-piston engine, 28-13
-piston Stirling engine, 28-13
pulley, 45-11
rotation, 60-5
-stream temperature, 36-2
surface, 16-5
vibration, 60-2, 60-5
Freedom, degree of, 11-7, 26-12, 49-3, 57-1,
57-12, 60-2, 60-19, 62-14
chi-squared, 11-7, 11-8
multiple, 60-19
Freeze
protection, 44-2
stat, 44-2
Freezing
insulation thickness to prevent, 34-11
latent heat, foodstuffs, 34-4
point, 49-1 (ftn), 49-2
properties of foodstuffs, A-114
Freight, ton, 1-7
Freon, 68-7
Frequency
analysis, 9-8 (ftn), 62-9, 62-10
analysis, resolution, 9-8
angular, 60-3
carrier, 64-4
content, 73-7
corner, 62-10
crossover, 62-12
cut-off, 62-10
damped, 60-9, 60-10, 62-2
distribution, 11-10
distribution, step interval, 11-10
drive, variable, 41-8
electrical, 72-5
forcing, 60-10
fundamental, 9-6
fundamental harmonic, 54-8
fundamental, spring, 54-8
natural, 9-6, 60-3, 62-9
natural, fluid, 19-12
natural linear, 60-3
of sound, 73-5
panel, natural, 73-11
panel, resonant, 73-11
phase crossover, 62-12
polygon, 11-10
response, 62-2 (ftn), 62-10, 62-11
response analysis, 62-11
Fresnel integral function, 9-8 (ftn)
Fretting, corrosion, 20-19
Friction, 17-4
bearing, 54-22
bearing, anti-, 54-22
belt, 58-7
brake, 64-13
coefficient of, 15-11, 25-16, 58-6, 58-7
Coulomb, 58-5
duct, 41-14, 41-17
dynamic, 58-5
factor, Atkinson, 41-32
factor chart, Moody, 17-6, 17-7 (tbl)
factor, Darcy, 17-5 (ftn), 25-16 (ftn),
A-49, A-50, A-51, A-52
factor, Fanning, 17-5 (ftn), 25-16 (ftn),
25-18
flat, 58-5

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R E F E R E N C E

M A N U A L

fluid, 58-5
head, 18-6
head loss, 17-4 (ftn)
heating, 17-4
horsepower, 28-3, 41-8
internal, angle of, 48-8
loss, cyclone, 66-14
loss, duct, 41-14
loss, duct fitting, 41-17
loss, gas, 17-9
loss, hydraulic power, 19-5
loss, skin, 17-4 (ftn)
loss, slurry, 17-11
loss, sprinkler, 67-12
loss, steam, 17-9
pipe, 17-14
power, 18-9, 28-3
power, fan, 41-8
pressure, 41-8, 41-14
pressure drop, 17-4 (ftn)
sideways, 58-8
skin, 17-41
stack, 21-19
static, 58-5
turbulent flow, 17-7
typical coefficients of, 58-6 (tbl)
Frictionless, 25-20
surface, 45-7
Fried heat transfer efficiency factor, 36-22
FRL, 19-8
Frontal
area, 17-41
auxiliary view, 2-2
Froude number, 1-9 (tbl), 17-47
FRP, 41-14
Fuel
-air ratio, 28-3
-bound NOx, 68-14, 68-15
-injected engine, 28-3
cell, 31-7
cell, molten carbonate, 31-8
cell, phosphoric acid, 31-8
cell, solid oxide, 31-8
cell, solid polymer, 31-8
consumption, 42-6
consumption, furnace, 42-6
consumption, special, 28-3
diesel, 21-7
loss, unburned, 21-16
management, 30-2
oil, 21-6
oxygenated, 68-7
properties, 21-6
refuse-derived, 21-4, 71-15
standard conditions, gaseous, 21-2
switching, 68-20
tire-derived, 21-4
turbine, 29-2
utilization, 29-9
viscosity, A-22
waste, 21-4
Fugacity, 23-10
and activity, 23-10
function, 23-10
Fugitive
dust, 68-9
emission, 68-10
Full
annealing, 49-8
-arc admission, 26-17
bridge, 64-11
-depth gear, 54-10
-lift safety valve, 16-12
-load value, motor, 72-13
military power, 29-2
-wave symmetry, 9-7 (tbl)
-wrap, 66-4
Fully
amortized bond, 74-29 (ftn)
turbulent flow, 16-7, 17-5
Fume
exhaust hood, 40-9
hood, 40-9

Function
analytic, 8-1
asymmetrical, 7-4
binomial probability density, 11-4
circular transcendental, 6-2
closed-loop transfer, 62-4
continuous distribution, 11-6
covers, 6-4
density, 11-4
direct transfer, 62-4
efficiency, 63-34
entropy, 23-11
error, 9-8, 11-8, A-15
error transfer, 62-4
exsec, 6-4
feedback transfer, 62-4
first moment of, 9-6
forcing, 10-1, 60-10, 61-2
forward transfer, 62-4
fugacity, 23-10
Gibbs, 23-9
havers, 6-4
hazard, 11-9
Helmholtz, 23-9
holomorphic, 8-1
homogeneous forcing, 61-2
hyperbolic, 6-4
in a unit circle, trigonometric, 6-3 (fig)
integral, 9-8
integral cosine, 9-8
integral elliptic, 9-8 (ftn)
integral exponential, 9-8
integral Fresnel, 9-8 (ftn)
integral gamma, 9-8 (ftn)
integral sine, 9-8
Lagrange stream, 17-4
loop transfer, 62-4
loss, 63-34
mapping, 7-3
objective, 63-12
of an angle, 6-2
of related angle, 6-3
open-loop transfer, 62-4
overall transfer, 62-4
path, 24-4
performance, 11-9
point, 24-4, 24-7
rational, 62-3
regular, 8-1
response, 61-1
reverse transfer, 62-4
room transfer, 43-3
second moment of, 9-6
singularity, 61-3
stream, 17-4
stream potential, 17-3
symmetrical, 7-4
system, 62-4
transcendental, 8-2
transfer, 62-3 (ftn)
trigonometric, 6-2
unit impulse, 10-6
unit step, 10-6
values for positive x values,
complementary, A-15
values for positive x values, error, A-15
vector, 5-5
velocity potential, 17-3
vers, 6-4
Functional form, 3-2
Functionality, 47-15
Functions
integral of combination, 9-2
of related angles, 6-3
Fund sinking, 74-7
Fundamental
frequency, 9-6
frequency, spring, 54-8
harmonic frequency, 54-8
principle of counting, 63-33
speed, shaft, 60-16
theorem of calculus, 9-4
Fungicide, 68-17

Funnel-flow bin, 66-6


Furnace, 26-3, 42-5, 42-6
arc, 47-5
blast, 47-2
efficiency, 21-16
electric arc, 47-5
fired HRSG, 29-8
fluidized-bed, 26-3
high-temperature advanced, 29-10
induction, 47-5
open hearth, 47-5 (fig)
pulverized-coal, 26-3
reverberatory, 47-10
sizing, 42-5
sorbent-injection, 21-5
Fusible-link sprinkler, 67-9
Fusion
heat of, 23-8, 23-9, 49-2
latent heat of, 23-8
latent heat of foodstuffs, 34-4
metals, 65-11
weld, 65-11 (fig)
Future worth, 74-5

G
g-force, 58-4 (ftn)
Gage (see also Gauge)
factor, 64-8, 64-9
pressure, 14-2, 15-2, 15-6 (ftn)
Gaging, Birmingham wire, A-132, A-133
Gain
characteristic, 62-10
closed-loop, 62-4
crossover point, 62-10, 62-12
direct, 62-4
error, 62-4
feedback, 62-4
forward, 62-4
heat, 43-2
instantaneous heat, 43-2
internal heat, 43-1
loop, 62-4
margin, 62-12
open-loop, 62-4
overall, 62-4
-sharing plan, 63-20
Galtons distribution, 11-8
Galvanic
action, 20-18
series, 20-18 (tbl)
Galvanized steel pipe, 16-10
Galvanizing, 65-14
Gamma
integral function, 9-8 (ftn)
-iron, 49-4
Gangue, 47-2
Garbage, 21-4, 68-14
Gas, 70-3
absorption, 71-2
accidental release, 25-15
acetylene, 65-11
acid, 68-4
blast-furnace, 21-8 (ftn)
coke-oven, 21-8 (ftn)
compressor, 32-1 (ftn)
concentration, 67-21
constant, specific, 23-15
constant, universal, 14-10, 23-14
cyclone separator, 66-12
desorption, 71-2 (ftn)
-diesel engine, 28-11
diluent, 70-2
dynamics, 25-1
flow through an orifice, 19-10 (fig)
flue, 21-12
friction loss, 17-9
greenhouse, 68-10
high-velocity, 25-1
ideal, 23-2, 23-16
ideal, equation of state, 23-14
ideal, mixture, 23-18, 23-19
ideal, properties of, 23-15, 23-16

ideal, property changes, 24-7


incompressible, 16-2 (ftn)
kinetic, 23-17
landfill, 68-11
liquefied petroleum, 21-8
manufactured, 21-8 (ftn)
MAPP, 65-11
metal arc welding, 65-12
mixture, 23-2, 23-18
natural, 21-11
noble, 20-4
noncondensing, 26-12
off-, 71-23
partial pressure, 23-18
perfect, 23-16
ppm, 67-21
producer, 21-8 (ftn)
properties, 23-16 (tbl)
real, 23-2, 23-20
real, specific heat, 23-21
residual, 32-3
specific heat, 21-2
stack, 21-12
sulfur in stack, 68-4
synthetic, 21-5, 21-8, 29-2
table, using, 23-11
town, 21-8 (ftn)
turbine, 29-1
turbine cycle, Brayton, 29-3
turbine system, 28-11 (ftn)
water, 21-8 (ftn)
welding, 65-11
Gases
dissolved in liquid, 20-9
properties of flammable, A-163
Gasification, 68-18
process, 29-2
Gasifier, 29-2
Gasket
blowout, 55-18
moment arm, 55-14
Gasohol, 21-8
Gasoline, 21-6
characteristics, 68-10
pollution from, 68-10
reformulated, 21-7
Gate, 65-8
blast, 41-24 (ftn)
valve, 16-12
Gating system, 65-8
Gauge (see also Gage), 14-2 (ftn)
bonded strain, 64-8 (ftn)
diaphragm, 15-2
draft, 15-3 (ftn)
duct, 41-13
dummy, 64-10
pitot, 17-28 (fig)
pitot-static, 17-28 (fig)
sheet metal, 41-13
strain, 15-2, 64-8, 64-13
unbonded strain, 64-8 (ftn)
wire, American, 72-8
Gaul (unit), 41-32
Gauss-Jordan elimination, 4-2
Gauss hypergeometric equation, 10-5
Gaussian distribution, 11-6
Gay-Lussacs law, 24-7
Gear, 54-11, 54-17
AGMA, 54-14
allowable stress, 54-13
annulus, 59-6
bevel, 54-15
compound, 59-5
design guideline, 54-14
external, 59-5
external and internal, 59-5 (fig)
force, 54-13
force analysis of spur, 54-12
full-depth, 54-10
helical, 54-12 (fig)
helical, force analysis, 54-13
helical, force on, 54-13 (fig)
hypoid, 54-15 (ftn)

I-27

idler, 59-5 (fig)


intermediate, 59-5
internal, 59-5
involute, 54-11
module, 54-10
motor, 18-11, 72-14 (ftn)
oil, 54-24
planet, 59-6
ratio, 59-6
ratio, chain, 59-16
ring, 59-6
set, 54-11, 59-5
set and gear drive, 54-11
set, epicyclic, 59-6
set, planetary, 59-6
set, prime, 54-12
set, reverted, 59-5
set, simple, 59-5
set, simple epicyclic, 59-6 (fig)
set, solar, 59-7
set, star, 59-7
set, straight bevel, 54-15 (fig)
smallest epicyclic, 59-8 (tbl)
spider, 59-6
sprocket, 59-15
spur, 54-10
spur, involute, 54-10
spur, pitch circle velocity, 54-10
stage, 59-5
sun, 59-6
system, American standard, 54-10
train, 59-5
train, design, 59-6
train, efficiency, 54-12
train terminology, 59-5
vs. pinion, 54-11
worm, 54-15
Gees, units of, 58-4 (ftn)
General
contractor, 75-4
damages, 75-7
expense, 74-32
flow equation, 25-2
form, 7-5
ledger, 74-33
limits on energy dissipation rates for
clutches and brakes, 54-19 (tbl)
motion, 58-2
partner, 75-1
plane motion, 58-2
primary membrane stress, 55-6
term, 3-10
triangle, 6-5 (fig)
Generalized
compressibility chart, 23-20
plate clutch, 54-21 (fig)
Generating, line, 54-11
Generation, 63-33
heat, cylinder, 34-16
heat, flat plate, 34-16
internal heat, 34-15, 34-16
Generator, 29-8, 33-8, 72-11 (ftn), 72-17
-absorber-heat-exchanger cycle, 33-8
electrical, 26-16
magnetohydrodynamic, 31-8
pollution, 68-3
radioisotope thermoelectric, 31-9
random number, 63-32
steam, 26-4
thermionic, 31-9
thermoelectric, 31-9
Generic collector collection efficiency, 71-21
Genotoxin, 63-27
Geometric
factor, 37-2
flux, 37-4
growth, 3-11
jerk, 59-12
mean, 11-12
mean radius, 59-4
sequence, 3-11
series, 3-12
similarity, 17-45

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INDEX - G

I N D E X

I-28

M E C H A N I C A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - H

similarity, mixer, 66-17


stress concentration factor, 59-4 (ftn)
Geopressured sources, 31-6 (ftn)
Geostationary orbit, 58-20
Geothermal energy, 31-6
Gerber
line, 52-7
parabolic relationship, 52-7
Geysers, 31-6
Gibbs
function, 23-9
phase rule, 49-3
rule, 23-19
theorem, 23-19
Girth, seam, 55-8 (ftn)
Glass, 47-17
behavior, 47-17 (fig)
common, 47-18
fiber types, 47-20
properties, 47-19 (tbl)
transition temperature, 47-18
Glauconite, 20-21
Glazing, 31-2
Global
distillation, 68-17
warming, 68-10
warming potential, 33-2
Globe valve, 16-12
Glow plug, 28-10 (ftn)
GMAW, 65-12
Gold point, 64-6 (ftn)
Golf ball, 17-42
Goodman
line, 52-7 (ftn)
line, modified, 52-7 (ftn)
-shear line, 52-7
Gore, 41-18, 41-19
Governing
blast, 26-17
bypass, 26-17
cut-off, 26-17
turbine, 26-17
Government bronze, 47-12
Grab sampling, 20-23
Grade
bolt, 53-9
-efficiency curve, 66-14
efficiency, cyclone, 66-14
line, energy, 16-8, 17-15
line, hydraulic, 16-8, 17-16
of steel, 19-4 (ftn)
SAE, 54-24
steel, 47-5
viscosity, 14-9, 54-24
viscosity, oil, 19-3
Gradient
cash flow, 74-8
factor, exponential, 74-26
search, 63-12
series cash flow, 74-4
temperature, 34-6
thermal, 34-6
vector, 8-5
velocity, 14-6, 17-14, 66-18
Grading gap, 5-5
Graetz number, 1-9 (tbl), 36-2
Grain, A-3, A-4
alcohol, 21-8
as a unit, 38-2
growth stage, 49-9
Grains per gallon, 20-23 (ftn)
Gram-mole, 20-5
Grand sensible heat ratio, 38-7, 43-7
Granular activated carbon, 71-3
Graph
curve, 7-3
influence, 45-10
linear equation, 3-7
polynomial, 3-4
Graphic representation, epicyclic gear
set, 59-8, 59-9 (fig)
Graphical solution, transient heat
transfer, 34-14

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R E F E R E N C E

Graphite fiber, 47-20


Graphitic iron, compacted, 47-10
Graphitization, 47-9, 55-4, 55-5
Grashof number, 1-9 (tbl), 35-2
Gravimetric
analysis, 21-2
fraction, 20-6, 21-2, 23-18
Gravitation, Newtons law of, 58-20
universal, 58-20
Gravitational
constant, 1-2, 58-20
energy, 16-1, 16-2 (ftn), 22-3
Gravity
altitude, 1-2
center of, 56-1
chimney, 21-17 (ftn)
dam, 15-11 (ftn)
damper, 41-24
die casting, 65-8
drop hammer, 65-7
duct system, 41-13
earth, 1-2
flow, 18-5
molding, 65-8
specific, 14-4
standard, 1-2
Gray
body, 37-1, 37-3
body shape factor, 37-3
cast iron, 47-9, 49-7
cast iron, classes, 47-10
Greek alphabet, 3-1
Green sand, 65-8
Greens
law, 2-4
theorem, 2-4
Greenhouse
effect, 31-2
gas, 68-10
Greenman v. Yuba Power, 75-7 (ftn)
Greensand, 20-21
Grid, 64-8, 71-8
Gridded system, 67-6
Grille, 41-24, 41-29
adjustable bar, 41-24
filter, 41-29
fixed-bar, 41-24
pressure, 41-30
Grinding, 65-5, 66-10
centerless, 65-5
electrochemical, 65-6
Grip, 53-12
Grit, 71-25
size, abrasive, 65-5 (tbl)
Gross, 26-1
air-to-cloth ratio, 71-5
area, 41-30
electrical output, 26-3
filtering area, 71-5
filtering velocity, 71-5
heating value, 21-14
margin, 74-36
Ground
level, 61-3
post, 67-5
slab, 42-3
Groundwater dewatering, 68-12
Group
chemical, 20-2
dimensionless, 1-8, 1-9 (tbl)
X, steel, 47-7
Growth
exponential, 3-11, 10-9
geometric, 3-11
instantaneous, 3-11
Malthusian, 3-11
population, 3-11
rate, 3-11
rate, arithmetic, 3-11
rate, average annual, 3-11
rate, constant, 3-11

M A N U A L

rate, exponential, 74-4


rate fraction, 3-11
rate, linear, 3-11
GSHR, 43-7
Guard, 63-31
Guide, vane control, compressor, 32-2
GWP (see also Global warming
potential), 33-2
Gyration
least radius of, 50-6
radius of, 50-6, 53-2, 56-2

H
Hagen-Poiseuille equation, 17-7, 19-8 (ftn)
Half
-angle formula, 6-4
-angle thread, 53-14
-bridge, 64-11
-life, 3-11, 20-13
-life, decay, 10-10
link, 59-15
-power point, 62-10
-wave symmetry, 7-4, 9-7 (tbl)
-wrap, 66-4
-year convention, 74-3
Hall
-Heroult process, 47-11
effect, 31-8 (ftn)
Halogen, 20-2
Hammer
forging, 65-7
water, 17-38 (fig)
water factor, 19-4
Handhole, 55-13
Handling unit, air, 40-11, 41-3
Hard
material, 48-1
pipe, 67-3
steel, 49-7
surfacing, 65-14
Hardenability, steel, 49-7
Hardening
age, 47-8 (ftn), 47-11, 49-9
case, 49-10
differential, 49-10
flame, 49-10
induction, 49-10
nonallotropic alloy, 49-9
precipitation, 47-11, 49-9
strain, 48-5
surface, 49-10
Hardness
carbonate, 20-21 (ftn)
cutting, 48-13, 48-14
file, 48-13
hot, 47-6 (ftn)
noncarbonate, 20-21
number, Brinell, 48-13
penetration test, 48-14 (tbl)
permanent, 20-21
red, 47-6 (ftn), 65-4
scale, Mohs, 48-13 (fig)
steel, maximum, 49-7
temporary, 20-21
test, 48-13
test, Brinell, 48-13
test, Rockwell, 48-13
total, 20-21
water, 20-21
Hardwood, 47-17
Hardy Cross method, 17-24, 51-19
Harmonic, 60-19
cam profile, 59-12
frequency, fundamental, 54-8
mean, 11-12
motion, simple, 60-2
sequence, 3-11
series, 3-12
terms, 9-6
test, vibration, 60-21
Hastelloy, 47-13
Haulage rope, 66-2

Havers function, 6-4


Haversine, 6-4
Hazard
analysis, 63-27
classification, 67-1
extra, 67-2
extra, group 1, 67-2
extra, group 2, 67-2
function, 11-9
light, 67-2
ordinary, 67-2
ordinary, group 1, 67-2
ordinary, group 2, 67-2
Hazardous
air pollutant, 68-2
material, 69-1
spills, 68-20
waste, 68-2
waste, disposition, 69-2
waste, incineration, 71-14
Hazen-Williams
C-values for sprinkler system
design, 67-12 (tbl)
constant, A-48
equation, 17-8, 67-12
nomograph, A-55
roughness pipe, A-48
Hazmat, 69-1
HDPE pipe, 16-9
Head, 15-5 (ftn), 18-6
2:1 ellipsoidal, 55-5
100% capacity and 100%, 67-8
acceleration, 18-2, 18-3 (ftn)
added, 17-15
added, pump, 17-15
adiabatic, 32-5
ASME flanged and dished, 55-5
atmospheric, 18-6 (ftn)
dynamic, 18-6
effective, 17-17, 18-6
efficiency of welded joint in, 55-11 (tbl)
end, 28-2
extracted, 17-15
flanged and dished, 55-5
flat unstayed, 55-14
friction, 18-6
impact, 16-4
loss, 17-4
loss, cyclone, 66-14
loss, effect of viscosity, 17-11
loss, friction, 17-4
loss, slurry, 17-11
-on machine, 31-4
-on rotor, 31-4
polytropic, 32-5
pressure, 18-6 (ftn)
pressure vessel, 55-5
pulley, 66-11
sprinkler, 67-9
stack effect, 21-18
static discharge, 18-6
static suction, 18-6
torispherical, 55-5
total, 16-2
vapor pressure, 18-6 (ftn)
velocity, 18-6
Header-type feedwater heater, 26-15
Health
company, 74-35
risk assessment, 63-27
Hearing
protective device, 73-12
threshold of, 73-7
Heat
absorption (boiler), 26-4
-activated refrigeration cycle, 33-7
capacity, 22-4, 23-7
conservation method, 42-7
content, 23-5
conversion, SI, A-3
-driven refrigeration cycle, 33-7
engine, 24-12
exchanger, 26-11, 36-10

exchanger, commercial, 36-11


exchanger correction factor, A-128,
A-129, A-130, A-131
exchanger effectiveness, 36-20
exchanger, jacketed pipe, 36-10
exchanger, multiple-pass, 36-11
exchanger, plate-and-frame, 36-12
exchanger, plate-type, 36-12
exchanger, recuperative, 36-10 (ftn)
exchanger, regenerative, 36-10
exchanger, S & T, 36-10
exchanger, sathes, 36-10
exchanger, shell-and-tube, 36-10 (ftn)
exchanger, single-pass, 36-10
exchanger, tube-in-tube, 36-10
exchanger, U-tube, 36-12
exchanger, X-Y, 36-11
factor, sensible, 43-6
finding graphically, 24-4
flux, 35-3, 36-5
gain, 43-2
gain, internal, 42-4
gain to air conditioning duct, 43-5
gain to duct, 43-5
generation by occupant, 40-8 (tbl)
generation, cylinder, 34-16
generation, flat plate, 34-16
generation, internal, 34-15, 34-16
generation rate, 34-16
latent, 23-8, 40-7, 40-8
load, 26-11, 39-2
loaded, specific, 36-14 (ftn)
metabolic, 40-8
of combustion, 21-14, A-61
of formation, 20-17
of fusion, 23-8, 23-9, 49-2
of fusion, foodstuffs, 34-4
of respiration, foodstuffs, 34-4
of steel, 47-5
pipe, 34-22
pipe, capillary-action, 34-23
pipe, thermo-siphon, 34-22
pump, 33-3
pump cycle, 33-3
pump device, 33-3
rate, 26-5, 27-2
rate, plant, 26-5
ratio of specific, 23-8, 25-4
ratio, sensible, 43-6
-recovery steam generator, 29-8
rejector, 28-12
release rate, 71-15
removal efficiency factor, 31-2
removal, ventilation, 40-8
reservoir, 24-11
sensible, 23-8, 40-8
source, domestic, 42-4 (ftn)
source, internal, 42-4
specific, 22-4, 23-7, 34-4
specific, ideal gas, 23-16
specific, molar, 23-7
tape, 34-21
tape, constant-watt, 34-21
tape, self-regulating, 34-21
total, 23-5, 23-8
tracing, 34-21
tracing, electric, 34-21
transfer, 34-2, 34-6
transfer coefficient, 35-2
transfer coefficient, combined, 37-4
transfer coefficient, convective, 34-7
transfer coefficient, radiant, 37-4
transfer, combined, 37-4
transfer factors, 36-22
transfer fluid, 31-2, 36-22
transfer fluid viscosity, A-22
transfer, film, 34-7
transfer, net radiation, 37-3
transfer, overall coefficient of, 34-7,
36-14, 42-2
transfer rate, 34-6
transfer, total, 34-6, 34-13
transfer, transient, 34-12, 34-14

I-29

transfer, unsteady-state, 34-12


transmittance, overall, 34-7
-treatable stainless steel, 47-8
treating cast iron, 49-7
treatment, solution, 49-9
Heater
air, 26-16
closed feedwater, 26-15, 36-14 (ftn)
deaerating, 26-15
direct-contact, 26-14
feedwater, 26-14
header-type feedwater, 26-15
mixing, 26-14
open, 26-14
open feedwater, 26-14 (fig)
recuperative, 26-16
tubesheet feedwater, 26-15
Heating, 34-12
degree-days, 42-6
district, 29-9
friction, 17-4 (ftn)
indirect, 36-22
kelvin-days, 42-6
load, 42-1
load, average, 42-1
load, maximum, 42-1
losses, 72-17, 72-18
sensible, 38-8
space, 29-9, 33-3
value, 21-14
value, gross, 21-14
value, higher, 21-14
value, lower, 21-14
with dehumidification, 38-12
with humidification, 38-11
Heavy
damping, 60-10
-duty coil, 36-12
-duty turbine, 29-1
hydrogen, 20-2
metal, 20-2
Heel (verb), 15-17 (ftn)
dam, 15-11
Height, 2-2
cell, 68-14
cloud, 66-17
compressed, 54-6
critical, pressure vessel, 55-5 (ftn)
of packing, 71-24
of transfer unit, 71-24
rebound, 58-17
roughness, 2-4
solid, 54-6
waviness, 2-4
Heisler chart, 34-14
Helical
compression spring, 54-5 (fig)
compression spring, design, 54-6
compression spring, dynamic
response, 54-8
extension spring, 54-8
gear, 54-12 (fig)
gear, axial force, 54-13
gear, force analysis, 54-13
gear, force on, 54-13 (fig)
gear, radial force, 54-13
gear, separation force, 54-13
gear, tangential force, 54-13
gear, thrust force, 54-13
spring, high temperature, 54-8
torsion spring, 54-9 (fig)
Heliostat, 31-3
Helix, 7-12
angle, 54-12
angle, worm, 54-16
direction, 54-6
pitch, 7-12
thread angle, 53-14
Helmholtz function, 23-9
Hematite, 47-2
Henrys law, 20-9, 71-23
constant, 20-9 (tbl)

P P I

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INDEX - H

I N D E X

I-30

M E C H A N I C A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - H

HEPA, 40-11
filter, 41-23
Herbicide, 68-17
Hess law, 20-18
Hex number, 12-2 (ftn)
Hexachlorobenzene, 68-17
Hexadecimal system, 12-2
HFC-134a pressure-enthalpy
diagram, A-83, A-102
Hideout, 20-23
Hierarchy, need, 63-28
High
-alloy austenitic stainless steel, 47-9
-alloy steel, 47-6
-carbon steel, 47-6
-efficiency particle arresting, 40-11
-efficiency particulate air filter, 41-23
-efficiency particulate arresting, 40-11
energy rate forming, 65-11
-lift safety valve, 16-12
-pass filter, 62-10
-performance power system, 29-10
-pressure carryover valve, 19-3
-pressure turbine, 26-8
-side equipment, 33-8
-speed steel, 65-4
-strength steel, 47-6
-temperature advanced furnace, 29-10
-temperature air heater, 31-8
-temperature reservoir, 24-11
velocity forming, 65-11
-velocity gas, 25-1
-velocity system, 41-21
Higher heating value, 21-14
Highly significant results, 11-14
Highway rainwater runoff, 68-19
Hilbert-Morgan equation, 36-8
Hindrance factor, 70-3
Hinge, 45-10
plastic, 51-19
Hinged machine, 31-6
Histogram, 11-10
Hitchins formula, degree-days, 42-6
Hobby, 74-12 (ftn)
Hogs hair filters, 41-23
Hoist, 45-11
Hoisting
cable, 66-2
rope, extra-flexible, 66-2
Holder, flame, 29-2
Hole, tap, 15-3
Hollow cylinder, radial conduction, 34-9
Holographic testing, 48-13
Holomorphic function, 8-1
Holonomic coordinate, 57-2
Homogeneous
circuits, law of, 64-7
differential equation, 10-1, 10-2
forcing function, 61-2
linear equation, 3-7
response, 62-1
second-order, 10-3
unit system, 1-2 (ftn)
Homologous
fan, 41-10
pump, 18-13
Honing, 65-5, 65-14
Hood
air, 40-9
air, enclosure, 40-9
air, nonbypass, 40-9
air, nonenclosure, 40-9
conventional cabinet bypass
air, 40-9 (fig)
exposure, minimum control
velocity for, 40-9 (tbl)
fume exhaust, 40-9
minimum control velocity for
exposure, 40-9 (tbl)
Hookes law, 48-2, 51-2, 54-2, 64-11
Hoop stress, 53-4, 53-5, 53-6
Hopper, 66-6
discharge rate, 66-7

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R E F E R E N C E

M A N U A L

hydraulic radius, 66-7


pressure, 66-7
Horizon, 74-3
analysis, 74-17
Horizontal
auxiliary view, 2-2
-axis rotor, 31-4
job enlargement, 63-28
shear, 51-10
Horsepower, 22-6, A-1, A-2
aero, 17-42
air, 41-6
blower, 41-6
boiler, 21-17, 26-4
brake, 28-3, 28-4, 28-8, 41-6
friction, 28-3, 41-8
hydraulic, 17-15, 18-8 (tbl)
indicated, 28-3, 28-8
shaft, 53-14
theoretical, 17-15
water, 17-15
Hose
flexible hydraulic, 19-4
for fluid power, 19-4
stream allowance, 67-11
Host ingredient, 49-1
Hot
-chamber die casting, 65-9
deck, 41-13
dry rock sources, 31-6 (ftn)
-end drive, 29-1
hardness, 47-6 (ftn)
reserve, 26-16
rock system, 31-7
water system, 31-7
well, 26-11, 26-15
well depression, 26-12
windbox system, 29-10
-wire anemometer, 17-27
working, 49-9
-working operation, 65-6
Hotchkiss drive, 59-18
Hourglass failure, 48-8 (ftn)
HPD, 73-12
Hub, 53-7, 59-4
rotating, 59-4
Huebscher equation, 41-17
Hull, convex, 7-2, 7-3, 70-6
Human
error, 64-2
factors, 63-30
Humectant, 68-9 (ftn)
Humidification, 38-7, 40-7, 42-4
booster, 40-7
efficiency, 38-10
load, 38-7
pure, 38-7
spot, 40-7
steam, 38-11
straight, 38-7
Humidistat, 44-1
Humidity
maximum indoor, 40-9
mold, 40-8
percentage, 38-2
ratio, 38-2
relative, 38-2
specific, 38-2
Hurwitz
stability criterion, 62-12
test, 62-12
HVAC
controller, 44-1
process control, 44-1
Hybrid throttle pressure
operation, 26-17 (ftn)
Hydrashaker, 60-21
Hydrated molecule, 20-6
Hydration, 20-10
water of, 20-6
Hydraulic
and pneumatic systems, modeling, 19-8
braking, 54-18 (ftn)

control valve, 19-3


cyclone, 66-15
cylinder, 19-8
depth, 16-6 (ftn)
design concept, 67-14
design, pressure along branches, 67-14
design, pressure at cross mains, 67-17
design, pressure in risers, 67-19
designation, oil, 19-3
diameter, 16-6 (ftn), 17-9, 25-16,
41-17 (ftn)
diameter, annulus, 36-8
drop, 16-9 (ftn)
element, circular pipes, A-28
filter, 19-6
fluid, 19-2
fluid designation, 19-3
fluid, ISO, 19-3
fluid, SAE, 19-3
fluid velocity, 19-6
grade line, 16-8, 17-16, A-28
horsepower, 17-15, 18-8 (tbl)
hose, flexible, 19-4
impedance, 19-12
inertance, 19-11
jack, 15-14
jump, 16-9 (ftn)
kilowatt, 18-8 (tbl)
line materials, 19-4
loading, 71-25
motor, 19-8 (ftn)
natural frequency, 19-12
NPSHR, 18-21
oils, designations of, 19-3
power, 18-7, 19-2
press, 15-14
pump, 19-5
radius, 16-5, A-28
radius, hopper, 66-7
ram, 15-14, 19-8
resistance, 19-9
resonance, 19-12
Hydraulically actuated braking, 54-18 (ftn)
Hydraulics, 17-2
Hydro-pneumatic accumulator, 19-6, 19-7
Hydrocarbon, 21-2
aromatic, 21-2
polycyclic aromatic, 28-11
pumping, 18-21
saturated, 21-2
unsaturated, 21-2
viscosity, A-22
Hydrochloric acid, 68-4
Hydrochlorofluorocarbon, 33-2
Hydroclone, 66-15
Hydrocyclone, 66-15
Hydrodynamics, 17-2
Hydroelectric generating plant, 18-23
Hydrofluorocarbon, 33-2
Hydrogen
available, 21-3
damage, 20-19
embrittlement, 20-19, 55-4
heavy, 20-2
normal, 20-2
peroxide, 47-15
Hydrogenation, 68-18
Hydrometer, 14-4
Hydrophilic, 14-12
Hydrophobic, 14-12
Hydrostatic, 15-4 (ftn)
design basis, 67-4
design stress, 67-4
moment, 15-11
paradox, 15-4
pressure, 15-4
pressure of a vertical plane
surface, 15-7 (fig)
pressure test, 55-20
resultant, 15-6
torque, 15-11
Hydrostatics, 17-2
Hydrothermal energy sources, 31-6 (ftn)

Hygroscopic, 40-7
material, 40-7
Hygrostat, 44-1
Hyperbola, 7-11
equilateral, 7-12
rectangular, 7-12
unit, 6-5
Hyperbolic
cosecant, 6-5
cosine, 6-4, 45-19
cotangent, 6-5
function, 6-4
function, derivative, 8-2
function, integral of, 9-2
identity, 6-5
radian, 6-5
secant, 6-5
sine, 6-4
tangent, 6-4, 6-5
Hypereutectoid steel, 49-5
Hypergeometric
distribution, 11-5
equation, Gauss, 10-5
Hypersonic travel, 14-15
Hypocycloid, 7-4
Hypoeutectic cast iron, 49-5
Hypoeutectoid steel, 49-5
Hypoid gear, 54-15 (ftn)
Hypotenuse, angle, 6-2
Hypothesis, 20-5
alternative, 11-15
Avogadros, 20-5
null, 11-15
test, 11-15
Hysteresis, 54-3, 64-5 (ftn)
spring, 53-20

I
I-post, 67-5
IBV, 67-5
Ice
point, 64-6 (ftn)
slush, 23-2
ICFM, 41-2
ICGCC plant, 31-8
Icing, preventing coil, 43-9 (fig)
Ideal
air, 21-9
cable, 45-16
combustion reactions, 21-9 (tbl)
efficiency, 28-3
fluid, 14-2
gas, 23-2, 23-16
gas, equation of state, 23-14
gas, properties of, 23-15, 23-16
gas, specific heat of, 23-16
lumped mass, 61-3, 61-4
machine, 22-6
quantities, 21-9
radiator, 37-1
reaction, 20-8
spring, 53-20, 54-2
work, pump, 26-7
yield, 20-8
Idealized elements, 61-1
Idempotent law, set, 11-1
Identity
BAC-CAB, 5-5
hyperbolic, 6-5
law, set, 11-1
logarithm, 3-5
matrix, 4-1
trigonometric, 6-2, 6-3, 6-4, 6-5
Idler
gear, 59-5 (fig)
pulley, 54-17
Ignitable substance, 68-2
Ignition
engine, compression, 28-2
engine, spark, 28-2
temperature, 21-8
Illegitimate error, 64-2

Illness, building-related, 68-5


Illuminance, 73-3
Illumination, 73-2, 73-3
Imaginary number, 3-1
Immersion thermostat, 44-2
Immiscible liquid, 15-12
Impact, 58-17
central, 58-18
direct, 58-18
direct central, 58-17 (fig)
eccentric, 58-18
elastic, 58-17
endoergic, 58-17
energy, 16-4, 48-14, 48-15
energy test, 48-15
exoergic, 58-17 (ftn)
factor, 16-5
head, 16-4
inelastic, 58-17
loading, 51-7, 51-8
noise, 73-4
oblique, 58-18
perfectly inelastic, 58-17
perfectly plastic, 58-17
plastic, 58-17
test, 48-15
test, pressure vessel, 55-7
tube, 16-5
Impaction parameter, 71-21
Impactor, forging, 65-8
Impedance, 72-5
acoustic, 73-6
characteristic, 19-12, 73-6
fluid, 19-12
hydraulic, 19-12
losses, 72-17, 72-18
medium acoustic, 73-6
sound, 73-6
specific acoustic, 73-6
surge, 19-12
Impeller, 66-18
specific speed, 18-12
Impending motion, 58-5
Impinger midget, 40-10 (ftn)
Implicit differentiation, 8-4
Impulse, 17-33, 58-14 (ftn)
angular, 58-14
applied, 58-15
fluid, 17-33
function, 10-6
linear, 58-14
-momentum principle, 17-33, 58-15
noise, 73-4
shock, 60-20
specific, 25-9
total, 25-9
turbine, 17-36, 18-21, 26-8
unit, 61-2
Impulsive force, 58-15
Incentive plan, wage, 63-20
Inches of water, 41-3
Incident, angle, 73-4
Incineration, 21-4
hazardous waste, 71-14
infrared, 71-14
liquid, 71-14
MSW, 71-14
oxygen-enriched, 71-16
plasma, 71-17
sludge, 71-17
soil, 71-17
Incinerator, 71-11, 71-13, 71-14
no-boiler, 71-14
vapor, 71-17
Inclined plane, 58-11
Income, 74-34
bracket, 74-25
net, 74-34
tax, 74-24
Incomplete combustion, 21-12
Incompressible gas, 16-2 (ftn)
Inconel, 47-13
-X, 47-13

I-31

Inconsistent system, 3-7


Increase, average, 11-16
Incremental
analysis, 74-17
cost, 74-32
Incrementing, fixed-interval, 63-32
Indefinite integral, 9-1 (ftn), 9-2, 9-4, A-10
Indentor, Brale, 48-13
Independent
event, 11-3
variable, 3-2
wire rope core, 66-2
Indeterminacy, degree of, 45-7, 45-8, 46-1
Indeterminate
statically, 45-7, 46-1
statics, 46-1
truss, 46-7
Index
roughness height, 2-4
run, duct, 41-8
sound reduction, 73-11
spring, 53-20 (ftn), 54-2 (ftn), 54-5
viscosity, 14-9, 19-2 (ftn)
viscosity blending, 14-16
Indicated
horsepower, 28-3, 28-8
mean effective pressure, 28-3, 28-8
power, 28-3
properties, 28-3
specific fuel consumption, 28-3
value, 28-3
Indicating, butterfly valve, 67-5
Indicator
card, 28-8, 64-14
diagram, 28-8, 64-14
drawing, 28-8
post, 67-5
Indifference, quality level, 63-26
Indirect
coal-fired turbine, 29-3
-condensing cooling tower, 39-3
heating, 36-22
injection, 28-3
manufacturing expense, 74-33
material and labor cost, 74-33
Indoor
air quality procedure, 40-2
design condition, 40-6
Induced
draft, 21-17
drag, 17-41
mechanical draft, 39-1
voltage, 17-27
Inductance, 72-6
fluid, 19-11, 61-7
Induction
furnace, 47-5
hardening, 49-10
motor, 18-10, 72-14
ratio, 41-30
Inductive
reactance, 72-6
transducer, 64-4
Inductor, 61-8, 72-6
Inelastic
impact, 58-17
strain, 48-3
Inequality, 4-4
Inert gas welding, 65-12
Inertance
energy stored in, 19-12
fluid, 19-11, 61-7
hydraulic, 19-11
pneumatic, 19-11, 19-12
Inertia, 56-2
area moment, 50-3
centroidal mass moment, 56-2
centroidal moment of, 50-3, 50-4
mass moment of, 56-2, A-156
moment of, 50-3, A-147, A-156
polar moment of, 50-6
principal moment of, 50-8
product of, 50-7, 56-2

P P I

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INDEX - I

I N D E X

I-32

M E C H A N I C A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - I

rectangular moment of, 50-3


thermal, 42-5
vector, 56-2, 58-5 (ftn)
Inertial
force, 56-2, 58-5
frame of reference, 57-10
frame of reference, Newtonian, 57-10
separator, 68-9, 71-7
Infant mortality, 11-9, 63-12
Infiltration, 40-5
accidental, 40-5
air, 42-3
and ventilation, 43-4
energy to warm, 42-3
in tall buildings, 40-6
loss, 42-1
wind, 40-6
Infinite
cylindrical fin, 34-18
series, 3-11, 3-12 (ftn), 74-7
Inflation, 74-39
Inflection point, 7-2, 8-2
deflection, 51-17
Influence
diagram, 45-10, 46-8, 46-9, 46-11,
46-12, 46-13
graph, 45-10
line, 45-10
Infrared
incineration, 71-14
testing, 48-12
Ingredient
alloying, 49-1
host, 49-1
parent, 49-1
Inhalable fraction, 68-9
Initial
condition, 9-4, 60-3
condition response, 62-1
tension, spring, 54-8
value, 9-4, 10-1 (ftn)
value problem, 10-1
value theorem, 62-7
Initiator, 47-15
Injection
coal, 47-5
direct, 28-3
indirect, 28-3
molding, 65-10
sorbent, 71-22
steam, 29-2
well, 71-11
Injured party, 75-6
Inlet, 41-29
condition, 32-8
pressure, net positive, 18-2 (ftn)
vane, 41-7
velocity, 66-13
Inline sampling, 20-23
Inner transition element, 20-2
Innovative method, 68-20
Inorganic compound, volatile, 68-22
Input
DC, 62-7
signal, 62-3
step, 62-7
Insecticide (see also Pesticide), 68-17
Insensitivity, 64-2
experiment, 11-12
Insertion loss, 73-11
Inside
and outside design conditions, 43-3
design conditions, 42-2
design temperature, 42-2, 43-3
diameter, controlled, 67-3
Insolation, 31-1
Inspection
polynomial, 3-4
radiographic, 55-11
radiographic, pressure vessel, 55-11
spot radiographic, 55-11
Instability, 62-12, 64-2
point of, 62-12

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R E F E R E N C E

M A N U A L

Instant center, 57-13


Instantaneous
center, 57-13
center of acceleration, 57-14
cooling load, 43-2
cooling load from walls and roofs, 43-3
cooling load from windows, 43-3, 43-4
growth, 3-11
heat absorption, 43-2
heat gain, 43-2
reorder inventory, 74-44 (fig)
values, 57-2
Instrument, coefficient of, 17-28
Insulated
pipe, 34-9
tip, 34-18
Insulation
pipe, 34-10
thickness, critical, 34-11
thickness, economic, 34-11
thickness to prevent freezing, 34-11
thickness to prevent sweating, 34-11
Insurance, 75-8
Intake stroke, 28-2
Intangible property, 74-20 (ftn)
Integer programming, 63-12
Integral, 9-2
convolution, 10-6
cosine function, 9-8
definite, 9-1 (ftn), 9-4
double, 9-3
elliptic function, 9-8 (ftn)
exponential function, 9-8
Fresnel function, 9-8 (ftn)
function, 9-8
gamma function, 9-8 (ftn)
indefinite, 9-1, 9-4, A-10
of combination of functions, 9-2
of hyperbolic function, 9-2
of transcendental function, 9-1
reinforcement, 55-16
sine function, 9-8
table, 9-1 (ftn)
triple, 9-3
Integrand, 9-1
Integrated
coal gasification combined cycle
plant, 31-8
cycle, 29-10
gasification/combined cycle, 21-5
Integrating factor, 10-2
Integration, 9-1
by parts, 9-2
by separation of terms, 9-3
constant of, 9-1, 10-1
method, 50-1, 50-4
of power-generating elements,
typical, 26-2 (fig)
typical controls, 44-2
typical system, 26-1
Intensifier, pressure, 32-2
Intensity
luminous, 73-2
of sound, 73-4
Intensive property, 23-4
Interaction factor, 37-2
Intercept, 7-5
form, 7-5
Intercooling, 29-7
compressor, 32-7
perfect, 32-7
Interest
compound, 74-11
rate, effective, 74-5, 74-28
rate, effective annual, 74-5
rate, nominal, 74-28
simple, 74-11
Interfacial area, 71-24
Interference, 53-6
engine, 54-18
factor, 31-6
fit, 53-6

Intergranular, 20-19
attack, 20-19
corrosion, 20-19
stress corrosion cracking, 30-2
Interlock sprinkler system, 67-2
Intermediate
column, 53-4
gear, 59-5
metals, law of, 64-7
-pressure turbine, 26-8
temperatures, law of, 64-7, 64-8
Intermittent
duty, 72-14
rating, 28-4
Internal
combustion engine, 28-2
energy, 22-4, 23-5
energy, molar, 23-5
force, 45-2, 45-13, 58-2
friction, angle of, 48-8, 58-6
fuel reforming cycle, 31-8
gear, 59-5
heat gain, 42-5, 43-1
heat generation, 34-15, 34-16
heat source, 42-4, 43-4
rate of return, 74-12
specific energy, 23-5
work, 22-2, 48-6
International standard
atmosphere, A-109
metric conditions, 21-2
Interpolating polynomial, Newtons, 13-3
Interpolation, nonlinear, 13-2, 13-3
Interpolymer, 47-13
Intersection
angle, 7-6, 7-8
line, 2-1, 7-6
set, 11-1
Interval
confidence, 63-16 (ftn)
elevator, 66-4
proof test, 11-9
Intrinsic waste, 68-2
Invar, 47-13
Inventory, 74-37
instantaneous reorder, 74-44 (fig)
supply, 74-36
turnover, 74-35, 74-36
value, 74-37
Inverse
function, 6-4
Laplace transform, 10-6
lever rule, 38-5
matrix, 4-6
-square attractive field, 58-19
-square repulsive field, 58-19
trigonometric operation, 6-4
Inversion
curve, 24-3 (fig)
Fourier, 9-6
point, 24-3
temperature, 24-3 (tbl)
Invert emulsion, 19-2 (ftn)
Inverted bucket steam trap, 16-14
Investment
casting, 65-9
external, 74-13
return on, 74-11, 74-14
risk-free, 74-11
tax credit, 74-25
Involute
gear, 54-11
spur gear, 54-10
Ion
common, effect, 20-12
exchange, 20-21
exchange resin, 20-22
product, 20-15
Ionic concentration, 20-11
Ionization constant, 20-15
IP, 67-5
Iron
allotrope, 49-4

I N D E X

Isopiestic equilibrium, 14-10 (ftn)


Isoprene latex, 47-13
Isostatic molding, 65-10
Isotactic polymer, 47-16
Isotherm, 23-12
Isothermal
compressibility, 14-13, 23-10
compression, 15-12
compression efficiency, 32-2
flow, 25-18
flow with friction, 25-18
process, 24-2
transformation diagram, 49-6
Isotope, 20-2
effect, 20-2 (ftn)
Isotropic material, 34-2
Iteration, fixed-point, 13-2
Izod test, 48-16

J
J.B. Johnson formula, 53-4
Jack
hydraulic, 15-14
power, 59-1, 59-2
power screws and screw, 59-1, 59-2
Jacketed pipe heat exchanger, 36-10
Janssen
constant, 66-7
equation, 66-7
Jerk, 59-12
geometric, 59-12
Jet
condenser, 26-11 (ftn)
force on blade, 17-35
force on plate, 17-34
propulsion, 17-34
pump, 18-2
Job
cost accounting, 74-36
enlargement, 63-28
enrichment, 63-28
flexibility, 63-28
Jockey pump, 67-7
Johanson equation, 66-7
Johnson procedure, 53-3
Joint (see also type), 45-12, 55-2 (ftn)
axially locked, 55-17
bolted, 55-17
Cardan, 59-18
constant-velocity, 59-18 (ftn)
CV, 59-18
efficiency, 16-10, 53-12, 55-11
flanged, 55-17
lap, bolted, 53-10
method of, 45-14
pressure-actuated, 55-17
probability, 11-3
quality factor, 16-10
splined, 59-18
U-, 59-18
universal, 59-18
welded, efficiency in head, 55-11 (tbl)
welded, efficiency in shell, 55-11 (tbl)
Jominy end-quench test, 49-7
Joukowskys equation, 19-12
Joule, 1-5, A-3
cycle, 29-3
equivalent, 22-1
-Kelvin coefficient, 24-3
-Thomson coefficient, 24-3
Joules
constant, 22-1, 23-6
law, 22-5
Journal, 74-33
bearing, 54-22, 54-25
bearing, frictional loss, 54-25
bearing, loss, 54-25
bearing, nomenclature, 54-25 (fig)
bearing, Raimondi and Boyd
method, 54-26
Judgment factor, 74-2

Jump, 59-13
follower, 59-13
hydraulic, 16-9 (ftn)
Jumper duct, 41-23
Junction, 64-6
Just-suspended speed, 66-17
correlation, 66-17

K
k
-out-of-n system, 11-10
-value, 53-20, 54-2
K
-monel metal, 47-13
waste, 68-3
K-factor, 40-10, 54-2, 67-9
Kalmans theorem, 62-14 (ftn)
Karman-Nikuradse equation, 17-5
Kelvin
-days, 42-6
-days, heating, 42-6
-Planck statement, 24-12
scale, 23-5
Keplers law, 58-20
Kern, 51-13
correlation, 35-9
Kernal, 51-13
Kevlar aramid, 47-20
fiber, 47-20
Killed steel, 47-5
Kilogram, 1-1
Kilowatt
air, 41-6
brake, 28-4, 41-6
hydraulic, 18-8 (tbl)
Kinematic
friction, angle of, 66-7
Stirling engine, 28-13
viscosity, 14-8, 16-7
Kinematics, 57-1
Kinetic
energy, 1-3, 16-1, 22-3
gas theory, 23-17
pump, 18-2
Kinetics, 58-2
reaction, 20-13
reaction, irreversible, 20-13
reaction, reversible, 20-13
Kip, A-3
Kirchhoffs
radiation law, 37-1
voltage law, 72-4
kmol, 20-5
Knives, cutting, 66-9
Knock resistance, 21-6
Knoop test, 48-13
Knudsen number, 1-9 (tbl)
Kolmogorov, Chapman-, equation, 63-34
Korteweg formula, 17-39
Kurtosis, 11-14
excess, 11-14
Fishers, 11-14
Pearsons, 11-14
Kutta-Joukowsky result, 17-41
theorem, 17-41
kVA rating, 72-15

L
L-D process, 47-3
LHo pitals rule, 3-9
L10 bearing, 54-23
Labor
direct, 74-32
variance, 74-36
Laborers lien, 75-5
Ladder
logic diagram, 44-6
rung, 44-6
Lag, thermal, 42-5
Lagging circuit, 72-7

P P I

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INDEX - L

alpha, 49-4
-based powder, 65-10
beta, 49-4
carbide, 49-5
carbon hypereutectic cast, 49-5
-carbon phase diagram, 49-4
cast, 47-9, 49-5
cast, alloying ingredient, 47-10
delta, 49-4
direct-reduced, 47-5
ductile, grades, 47-10
eutectic cast, 49-5
gamma, 49-4
gray cast, 49-7
hypoeutectic cast, 49-5
loss, 72-18
-making process, direct, 47-5
malleable cast, 49-8
nodular cast, 49-7
pig, 47-3
pipe, A-42
pipe dimensions, A-42
pipe, special pressure classes, A-43
pipe, standard pressure classes, A-42
production, 47-2
pyrite, 47-2 (ftn)
white cast, 49-8
wrought, 47-10
Irradiance, 73-3
Irrational number, 3-1
Irreducible
factor, 74-2
state, 63-35
Irregular
area, 7-1, 7-1 (fig)
boundary, 7-1
Irreversibility, 24-13
Irreversible
compression, 26-7
process, 24-3
reaction, 20-13
ISA nozzle, 17-32 (ftn)
Isenthalpic
curve, 24-3
process, 24-2
Isentropic
closed system, reversible adiabatic, 24-9
compressibility, 14-13, 23-10
compression, 26-7
compression efficiency, 32-2
compression ratio, 28-4
efficiency, pump, 26-7
efficiency, turbine, 26-9
flow, 25-3
flow factor, 25-3, A-105, A-106
pressure, 25-13
pressure ratio, 28-4
process, 24-2, 24-9
steady-flow, 24-9
ISO hydraulic
fluid, 19-3
oils, typical properties, 19-3
Isobar, 23-3
critical, 23-3
Isobaric
compressibility, 23-10
process, 24-2
Isochoric process, 24-2
Isokinetic
sub-, 70-2 (ftn)
super-, 70-2 (ftn)
test, 70-2
Isolated system, 24-2
Isolation
degree of, 60-13
efficiency, 60-13
from active base, 60-15
percent of, 60-13
vibration, 60-12
Isometric
process, 24-2
view, 2-3
Isometry, 7-3

I-33

I-34

M E C H A N I C A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - L

Lagrange stream function, 17-4


Lagranges formula, 5-5
Lagrangian interpolating polynomial, 13-2
Lambert, 73-2 (ftn), 73-3 (ftn)
Lames solution, 53-5
Lamellar appearance, 49-5
Laminae, 16-7
Laminar
flow, 16-7, 17-5, 19-5
-turbulent average, 36-4
Lame formula, 19-4
Lance, oxygen, 47-3
Land
ban, 69-2
tooth, 54-10
Landfill
cell, 68-14 (fig)
gas, 68-11
municipal solid waste, 68-14
Landfilling, 71-17
Lang lay, 66-3
Langley, 31-2
Lanthanide, 20-4
Lanthanon, 20-4
Lanthanum barium copper oxide, 47-18
Lap
joint, adhesive bond, 65-13
joint, bolted, 53-10
-joint flange, 55-17
-welded pipe, 65-13
Laplace transform, 10-5, A-11
inverse, 10-6
of a derivative, 10-6
table, A-11
Lapping, 65-5, 65-14
Lapple formula, 66-14
Laser machining, 65-6
Last-in, first-out, 74-38
Latent
factor, 43-6
heat, 23-8, 23-9 (tbl), 40-7, 40-8
heat of fusion, 23-8
heat of fusion, foodstuffs, 34-4
heat of sublimation, 23-8
heat of vaporization, 23-8
load, 43-6
Lateral
buckling, 51-19
earth pressure, coefficient of active, 66-7
strain, 48-4
Latex isoprene, 47-13
Latus rectum, 7-10, 7-11
Law
acoustic mass, 73-11
affinity, 18-18, 41-10
Amagats, 23-18
associative, addition, 3-3
associative, multiplication, 3-3
Avogadros, 20-5, 23-14
Boyles, 24-7
Charles, 24-7
commutative, addition, 3-3
commutative, multiplication, 3-3
conservation of momentum, 17-33
Daltons, 21-14, 23-18, 38-1
Darcys, 68-12
distance-squared, 73-3
distributive, 3-3
fan, 41-10
Fouriers, 34-6
fourth-power, 37-2
Gay-Lussacs, 24-7
Greens, 2-4
Henrys, 71-23
Hess, 20-18
Hookes, 48-2, 51-2, 54-2, 64-11
Joules, 22-5
Keplers, 58-20
Kirchhoffs radiation, 37-1
Newtons first, 58-4
Newtons, gravitation, 58-20
Newtons second, 58-4
Newtons third, 58-5

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of

R E F E R E N C E

M A N U A L

areas, 58-20
conservation of energy, 22-1
convection, Newtons, 36-2
cooling, Newtons, 10-10, 34-12
corresponding states, 23-20
cosines, 6-5
cosines, first, 6-6
cosines, second, 6-6
definite proportions, 20-5
Dulong and Petit, 23-7, 23-8
homogeneous circuits, 64-7
induction, Faradays, 17-27
intermediate metals, 64-7
intermediate temperatures, 64-7, 64-8
mass action, 20-13, 20-14
multiple proportions, 20-5
orbits, 58-20
partial pressure, Daltons, 23-18
periods, 58-20
planetary motion, 58-20
sines, 6-5, 6-6
tangents, 6-5
thermodynamics, first, closed
system, 24-4
of thermodynamics, first, open
system, 24-5
of thermodynamics,
second, 23-7 (ftn), 24-12
of thermodynamics, third, 23-6
of thermodynamics, zeroth, 23-4
Ohms, 34-6
Pascals, 15-4
periodic, 20-2
radiation conservation, 37-1
Raoults, 14-16
sets, 11-1
similarity, 18-20
Stefan-Boltzmann, 37-2
Stokes, 17-42
Laws, scaling, 18-20
Lay, 2-4
lang, 66-3
regular, 66-3
wire rope, 66-3
Layer boundary, 16-8 (ftn), 36-2, 36-3
Layered appearance, 49-5
Layout, 63-15
facilities, 63-15
LBL factor, 43-5
lbmol, 20-5
LCC, 44-5
Le Cha teliers
mixing rule, 67-21
principle, 20-12
Leachate, 68-11
generation rate, 68-12
migration, 68-12
recovery, 68-13
treatment, 68-13
Leaching
characteristic, toxicity, 68-2
selective, 20-19
Lead, 68-13
-acid battery, 31-11
angle, 59-2
angle, bolt, 53-14
angle, worm, 54-16
ratio, worm, 54-15
screw, 59-2
worm, 54-15, 54-16
Leading circuit, 72-7
Leaf
set, 54-9
spring, 54-9
Leak
detection, 68-10
point, 26-12 (ftn)
Leakage
area, effective, 43-4
area, equivalent, 43-4 (ftn)
building air, 43-4
class, 41-22
curve, building, 43-4

duct, 41-22
factor, 41-22
normalized, 43-5
ratio, Minneapolis, 43-4
specific, 43-4
Lean-burn engine, 28-11
Learning curve, 74-43
Least
radius of gyration, 50-6
significant bit, 12-1, 12-3
significant digit, 12-1
squares, method of, 11-16
Ledger, account, 74-33
Leduc, Amagat-, rule, 23-18
Left distributive law, 4-4
Leg
pipe, 17-21
system diagram, 61-3
Legendre equation, 10-5
Legionnaires disease, 68-5
LEL, 40-10
Length, 2-2
active wire, 54-6
arc, 57-8
arc, by integration, 9-5
characteristic, 25-9, 34-4,
35-2 (ftn), 36-8 (ftn)
chord, 17-40
conversion, SI, A-3, A-4
crack, 40-5
effective, column, 53-3
effective, V-belt, 54-17
equivalent, 17-12, A-54
equivalent, fittings, A-54
line of action, 54-11
method, crack, 40-5
multiplying factor for
equivalent, 67-13 (tbl)
pitch, V-belt, 54-17
ratio, 17-45
roughness sampling, 2-4
wire, 54-6
Lengths, ratio of perimeter, 70-6
Leptokurtic distribution, 11-14
Lethal substance, 55-4
Letter of agreement, 75-3
Level
acceptance quality, 63-26
confidence, 11-14, 63-16
ground, 61-3
indifference quality, 63-26
neutral pressure, 40-6
OSHA noise action, 73-12
peak, 73-6
significance, 11-14
sound power, 73-7
sound pressure, 73-7
Lever, 45-10, 45-11
effectiveness, 15-14
efficiency, 15-14
modeling, 61-5
ratio, 60-8
rule, 38-5, 49-2
rule, inverse, 38-5
Leverage, 74-35
Lewis
beam strength, 54-13
beam strength theory, 54-13
form factor, 54-13 (ftn)
number, 1-9 (tbl)
Liability
account, 74-33
current, 74-35
in tort, 75-6, 75-7
limited, company, 75-2
Lien
construction, 75-5
laborers, 75-5
materialmans, 75-5
mechanics, 75-5
perfecting, 75-5
suppliers, 75-5

Life
analysis, economical, 74-4
bearing, 54-23
-cycle analysis, 63-28
-cycle cost, 74-15, 74-20
economic, 74-19, 74-20
extension, 29-10
fatigue, 48-9
half-, 20-13
pump, 19-6
rated, 19-6
rating, basic, 54-23
rating, bearing, 54-23
service, 74-20
useful, 74-20
Lifeline rate, 72-7 (ftn)
Lift, 17-39, 59-12
coefficient of, 17-40
rotating cylinders, 17-41
valve, 16-12
Lifter, 59-12
roller, 59-12
Light
damping, 60-9
hazard, 67-2
heat gain from, 42-5
loss factor, 73-4
metal, 20-4
quantity of, 73-2
reflection, 73-4
refracted, 73-4
-sensitive detector, 64-4
-water reactor, 30-1
Lignin, 47-17
Lignite coal, 21-4
Limit, 3-9, 63-22 (ftn)
average outgoing quality, 63-26
class, 11-10
confidence, 11-15
control, 63-22
elastic, 48-3
endurance, 48-9
explosive, 67-21
lower, 9-4
lower explosive, 40-10, 67-21
lower flammable, 67-21
of reinforcement, 55-15, 55-17
proportionality, 48-3
short-term exposure, 40-10
simplifying, 3-9
surge, 32-8
upper, 9-4
upper explosive, 67-21
upper flammable, 67-21
value, threshold, 40-10
viscosity, 54-25
wear design, gear, 54-15
Limited
liability company, 75-2
liability partnership, 75-2
partner, 75-2
partnership, 75-2
Limiting
current, sensor, 64-4
reactant, 20-8
value, 3-9
Limonite, 47-2 (ftn)
Lindane, 68-17
Line, 6-1 (ftn), 7-3
angle between, 6-1
balancing, 63-18
branch, 67-7
centroid of a, 50-3
coil load, 38-8
condition, turbine, 26-9
critical, 49-4
current, 72-11
diagram, 44-6, 61-3
energy, 16-8 (ftn)
energy grade, 16-8, 17-15
equipotential, 17-3
eutectic, 49-3
failure, 52-6

Fanno, 25-15
generating, 54-11
Gerber, 52-7
Goodman, 52-7 (ftn)
Goodman-shear, 52-7
hydraulic grade, 16-8, 17-16
influence, 45-10
intersecting, 2-1
intersection, 7-6
liquidus, 49-1
normal vector, 8-6
of action, 5-1, 45-2, 54-11
of action, length, 54-11
parting, 65-8
perpendicular, 2-1
pressure, 54-11
Rayleigh, 25-20
refrigerant, 33-10
saturated liquid, 23-3
saturated vapor, 23-3
Smith, 52-7 (ftn)
Soderberg, 52-6
solidus, 49-1
straight, 7-4 (fig)
suction, 33-10
tie, 44-6, 49-2
-to-line voltage, 19-6
voltage, 19-6 (ftn)
waiting, 63-6
Lineal, 1-8
measurement, 1-8
Linear, 1-8
acceleration, 57-4
actuator, 19-8
algebra, 4-4 (ftn)
component, 60-2
congruential method, 63-32
damping, 60-9
displacement, 57-3
element, 61-1
equation, 3-6, 3-7
equation, differential, 10-1
equation, graphing, 3-7
equation, reduction, 3-7
equation, simultaneous, 3-6, 3-7
equation, substitution, 3-7
expansion coefficient, 51-3, 51-4
first-order differential, 10-2
force system, 45-4
frequency, 60-3, 72-5
growth rate, 3-11
impulse, 58-14
model, 63-2
momentum, 17-33, 58-2
motion, 57-2
motor, 19-8 (ftn)
natural frequency, 60-3
particle motion, 57-2
polymer, 47-15
programming, 63-12
regression, 11-16
response, 73-6
second-order differential, 10-3
spring, 22-2 (ftn)
system, 57-2
transmissibility, 60-12
variable differential transformer, 64-4
velocity-dependent force, 58-18
watt density, 42-4 (ftn)
Linearity, 10-6
in vibrating systems, 60-2
Lined concrete pipe, 16-10
Liner, 47-20
landfill, 71-17
Lining
brake, 54-18
pipe, 16-11
Link
-and-lever, soldered, 67-9
chain, engineering steel, 59-15
connecting, 59-15
half, 59-15
master, 59-15

I-35

Linkage point, 47-16


Linz-Donawitz process, 47-3
Liquefied petroleum gas, 21-8
Liquid
aromatic, 14-10 (ftn)
class I, 67-20
class IA, 67-20
class IB, 67-20
class IC, 67-20
class II, 67-20
class III, 67-20
class IIIA, 67-20
class IIIB, 67-21
combustible, 67-20
compressed, 23-11
-dominated reservoir, 31-7
flammable, 67-20
fuel, 21-6
-gas ratio, venturi scrubber, 71-21
immiscible, 15-12
incineration, 71-14
metal fast breeder reactor, 30-1
penetrant testing, 48-12
pore-squeeze, 68-11
properties of flammable, A-163
saturated, 23-2
saturated, properties of, 23-13
subcooled, 23-2, 23-11
subcooled, properties of, 23-12
supercooled, 47-17
table, compressed, 23-11
thixotropic, 14-7
-vapor mixture, 23-2
-vapor mixture, properties of, 23-13
volatile, 14-10, 20-10 (ftn)
Liquidated damages, 75-7
Liquidity, 74-35
Liquidus line, 49-1
List (verb), 15-17 (ftn)
Liter, 1-6
Lithuim-ion battery, 31-11
Live load, 53-2 (ftn)
LMTD method, 36-20
Load, 26-16
air conditioning, 43-1
average heating, 42-1
cell, 64-12
coil, 43-1
-controlled stress, 55-6
cooling, 43-1
cooling, from internal heat sources, 43-4
curve, 26-16
dead, 45-5
-deflection equation, 54-5
design bolt, flange, 55-14
distributed, 45-5, 45-6
dominant, 46-14
duration curve, 26-16
-elongation curve, 48-2
equivalent design radial, 54-23
equivalent dynamic bearing, 54-23
equivalent radial, 54-23
factor, 26-16, 53-2
factor design method, 53-2
factor, v-belt, 41-8 (ftn)
heat, 26-11, 39-2
heating, 42-1
humidification, 38-7
instantaneous cooling, 43-2
instantaneous cooling, from walls and
roofs, 43-3
instantaneous cooling, from
windows, 43-3, 43-4
latent, 43-6
live, 53-2 (ftn)
maximum heating, 42-1
moving, 46-14
number, bearing, 54-26
overhung, 18-11
pickup, 42-5
proof, bolt, 53-9, 53-13
rating, basic static, 54-23
rating, bearing, 54-23

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INDEX - L

I N D E X

I-36

M E C H A N I C A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - M

rating, dynamic, 54-23


refrigeration, 43-1 (ftn)
service, 53-2
solar cooling, 43-3
tower, 39-2
transmitted, gear, 54-12
Loading
axial, 51-12
biaxial, 52-5
boot, 66-11
chemical, 71-25
coil, 43-1 (ftn)
concentric, 51-12
curve, trapezoidal, 45-6
dust, 71-5
error, 64-2
fabric, 71-5
factor, 31-9, 68-14
fatigue, spring, 54-4
hydraulic, 71-25
impact, 51-7, 51-8
pump shaft, 18-11
ratio, 66-8
solids, 66-17
static, 54-4, 54-5
transverse, 45-16
triaxial, 52-3, 52-5
Loan, 74-40
repayment, 74-4
Lobe
dynamic, cam, 59-13 (fig)
profile, cam performance vs., 59-12 (fig)
Local
buckling, 51-19
control computer (LCC), 44-5
discontinuity, 55-6
loss, 17-12, A-55
primary membrane stress, 55-6
temperature, 34-6
Location parameter, 11-8
Locking brake, self-, 54-18
Locus of points, 7-2
Log
-linear form, 3-11
mean, 11-8
-normal distribution, 11-8
-normal distribution parameter
values, 11-8
standard deviation, 11-8
Logarithm, 3-5
common, 3-5
identity, 3-5
Naperian, 3-5
natural, 3-5
Logarithmic
decrement, 60-10
mean area, 34-9
mean temperature difference, 36-13
mean temperature difference, correction
factor, A-128, A-129, A-130, A-131
Logic
Boolean relay, 44-6
diagram, ladder, 44-6
relay, 44-6
Long
stress, 53-5
-term liability, 74-35
ton, 1-7
Longitudinal
fin, 34-19
pitch, 36-8
sound wave, 73-5
stress, 53-5
wave, 73-5
Loop
and gridded system, 67-6
gain, 62-4
pipe, 17-21
primary, 30-1
secondary, 30-1
system, 67-6
transfer function, 62-4

P P I

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R E F E R E N C E

M A N U A L

Loss
and profit statement, 74-34
coefficient, 17-12, 17-13 (tbl), 17-14
coefficient, duct, 41-17
coefficient, method, 41-17
combustion, 21-16
cyclone pressure, 66-14
draft, 21-17
dry flue gas, 21-16
duct friction, 41-14
dynamic, duct fitting, 41-17
electrical machine, 72-18
entrance, culvert, 17-20 (tbl)
evaporation, 39-2
factor, light, 73-4
factor, pulley, 45-11
friction, cyclone, 66-14
friction, sprinkler, 67-12
function, 63-34
head, cyclone, 66-14
infiltration, 42-1
insertion, 73-11
journal bearing, 54-25
journal bearing frictional, 54-25
local, 17-12, A-55
method, 21-17,
minor, 17-12, A-55
-of-coolant accident, 30-2
radiation, 21-16
transmission, 42-1, 73-11
windage, 39-2
zero-length, 41-18
Lost
-wax, process, 65-9
work, 17-4 (ftn)
Lot
quality, 63-25
tolerance percent defective, 63-26
Loudness, 73-4, 73-9
Low
-alloy steel, 47-6
-carbon steel, 47-6
-cycle fatigue, 48-9
excess-air burner, 71-17
-lift safety valve, 16-12
-NOx burner, 29-2, 71-17
-pass filter, 62-10
-pressure air, properties, A-72, A-73,
A-74, A-93, A-94, A-95
-pressure turbine, 26-8
-side equipment, 33-9
-sulfur coal, 21-5
-temperature reservoir, 24-11
-velocity system, 41-21
Lower
bound, 9-4
control limit, 63-23
critical point, 49-4
explosive limit, 40-10, 67-21
flammable limit, 67-21
heating value, 21-14
limit, 9-4
LPG, 21-8
LSB, 12-1
LSD, 12-1
Lubarsky-Kaufman correlation, 36-7
Lubricant, 54-24
viscosity, A-22
Lubrication, 54-24
Lumber, oven dry, 47-17
Lumen, 73-2
method, 73-3
Luminance, 73-3
Luminous
efficiency, 73-2
emittance, 73-2
flux, 73-2
intensity, 73-2
Lump
coal, 21-5
-sum fee, 75-5
Lumped
mass, 61-3

parameter method, 34-13


parameter model, 19-9
parameter, electrical analogy, 34-13
Lussac, Gay-, law, 24-7
Lux, 63-31 (ftn)
Lyophilic, 14-12
Lyophobic, 14-12

M
M-factor method, 42-5
Mach
angle, 25-11 (ftn)
number, 1-9 (tbl), 14-15, 25-3
wave, 25-11 (ftn)
Machine, 45-20
downwind, 31-4
drop, 60-21
electric, 72-16
hinged, 31-6
ideal, 22-6
pivoted, 31-6
real, 22-6
safeguard, 63-31
two-blade, 31-6
upwind, 31-4
-worker system, 63-30
Machining
abrasive, 65-5
chipless, 65-5
electrochemical, 65-6
laser, 65-6
ultrasonic, 65-6
Maclaurin series, 8-8
MacPherson v. Buick, 75-7 (ftn)
Macrofouling condenser, 26-13
Macroreticular synthetic resin, 20-22
Magmeter, 17-27
Magnaflux, 48-12
Magnaglow, 48-12
Magnesia, 21-3 (ftn), 34-10 (ftn)
Magnetic
flowmeter, 17-27
forming, 65-11
particle testing, 48-12
pulse forming, 65-11
Magnetite, 47-2
Magnetohydrodynamic generator, 31-8
Magnetohydrodynamics, 31-8
Magnification factor, 60-11
Magnus effect, 17-41
Main
cross, 67-7
feed, 67-7
loss coefficient, 41-31
Maintenance
factor, 73-4
/motivational factor, 63-29
preventative, 63-10
Major
axis, 7-11
source, pollution, 68-3
Make-or-break valve, 16-14
Makeup
air fume hood, 40-9
air unit, 41-3
pump, 67-7
water, 20-22
Malleable cast iron, 47-10, 49-8
Malthusian growth, 3-11
Man-machine system, 63-30
Management
by objectives, 63-30
fuel, 30-2
participatory, 63-29
science, 63-1
systems modeling, 63-1
Manager, construction, 75-5
Maney formula, 53-13
Manganese bronze, 47-12 (ftn)
Manifold, 34-21

Manometer, 15-2, 15-3 (fig)


differential, 15-3
open, 15-3
Mantissa, 3-5
Manufactured
gas, 21-8 (ftn)
metal pipe, 65-13
Manufacturers margin, 21-16
Manufacturing
cost, 74-33
process, 65-1
Manway, 55-13, 55-14
MAPP gas, 65-11
Mapping function, 7-3
Maraging steel, 47-6
Margin
boiling-point, 68-10
gain, 62-12
gross, 74-36
manufacturers, 21-16
of safety, 52-1
phase, 62-12
Market value, 74-23
Markov
chain, 63-34
process, 63-34
Martempering, 49-6, 49-7
Martensite, 49-7
tempered, 49-7
Martensitic stainless steel, 20-19 (ftn), 47-8
Martins diameter, 70-5
Masking, 71-22
Masonry density, 15-11 (ftn)
Mass, 1-1, 23-4, 56-1
action, law of, 20-13, 20-14
burn, 71-14
center of, 56-1
control, 24-1
conversion, SI, A-3, A-4
-flow bin, 66-6
flow rate per unit area, 16-7
fraction, 23-18
ideal lumped, 61-3, 61-4
law, acoustic, 73-11
lumped, 61-3
moment of inertia, 56-2, A-156
rotating fluid, 59-4
-transfer coefficient, 71-24
varying, 58-19
yield, 71-15
Master
die, 65-9
link, 59-15
Material, 73-4
advanced flywheels, typical
characteristics, 59-5 (tbl)
-air ratio, 66-8
anisotropic, 5-1, 34-2 (ftn)
brake, 54-18
breach, 75-6
colloidal, 14-7
conditions monitoring, 63-28
designation, 55-5 (tbl)
direct, 74-32
ductile, 48-6
eutectic, 49-3
handling, 66-1
hygroscopic, 40-7
isotropic, 34-2
notch-brittle, 48-6 (ftn)
notch-tough, 55-7
opaque, 73-4
pipe, 16-9
plastic, 14-7
pressure vessel, 55-4
properties of timing belt, 54-19 (tbl)
properties of typical spring, 54-3 (tbl)
recovery facility, 71-15 (ftn)
refractory, 37-4
resilient, 48-7
spring, 54-3, 54-4 (tbl)
tool, 65-4
tough, 48-7

translucent, 73-4
transparent, 73-4
variance, 74-36
Materialmans lien, 75-5
Mathematical programming, 63-12
Matrix, 4-1
algebra, 4-4
associative law, 4-4
augmented, 4-1
coefficient, 4-6
cofactor, 4-1
column, 4-1
commutative law, 4-4
complex, 4-1
constant, 4-6
control, 62-14
diagonal, 4-1
distributive law, 4-4
division, 4-4
echelon, 4-1
element, 4-1
entry, 4-1
equality of, 4-4
identity, 4-1
inverse, 4-6
multiplication, 4-4
nonsingular, 4-5
null, 4-1
order, 4-1
output, 62-14
rank, 4-5
row, 4-1
row equivalent, 4-2
row-reduced echelon, 4-1
scalar, 4-1
simultaneous equations, 4-6
singular, 4-1, 4-5
skew symmetric, 4-2
square, 4-2
symmetric, 4-2
system, 62-14
transformation, 5-3
transition, 63-34
triangular, 4-2
type, 4-1
unit, 4-2
variable, 4-6
zero, 4-2
Matter
mineral, 21-3
volatile, 21-4
Maturity date, 74-29
MAWP, 55-8
N & C, 55-8
Maxima point, 8-2
Maximum
allowable pressure, new and cold, 55-8
allowable stress, pressure vessel, 55-5
allowable working pressure, 55-8
caliper, 70-4, 70-5
cam performance coefficients, 59-14 (tbl)
capacity, 26-4
continuous power, 29-2
flame temperature, 21-15
fluid velocity, 17-3
heating load, 42-1
normal stress theory, 52-1
point, 8-2
shear stress theory, 48-8, 52-3
sprinkler protection area, 67-11 (tbl)
strain theory, 52-3
stress theory, 52-3
theoretical combustion
temperature, 21-15
value, sinusoid, 72-5
velocity in pipe, 17-3
Maxwell
-Boltzmann distribution, 23-17
relations, 24-6
MBh unit, 34-6 (ftn)
MDOF system, 60-2, 60-19, 61-2
Mean, 11-12, 70-3
area, logarithmic, 34-9

I-37

arithmetic, 11-12
bulk temperature, 36-3
effective pressure, 28-8, 64-14
fourth moment of, 11-14
free path, air, 70-3
free path, gas, 70-3
geometric, 11-12
harmonic, 11-12
radius, geometric, 59-4
speed of a molecule, 23-17
standard error of, 11-14
stress, 48-9, 52-6
temperature difference, correction
factor, A-128, A-129, A-130, A-131
third moment about, 11-14
time before failure, 11-9 (ftn)
time between failures, 63-9
time between forced outages, 63-9
time to failure, 11-9, 63-9
time to repair, 63-9
Measurement
areal, 1-8
board foot, 1-8
flow, 17-26
reliable, 64-2
ton, 1-7
Mechanics lien, 75-5
Mechanical
advantage, 15-14, 45-11
advantage, pulley block, 45-11
bushing, 54-22
compliance, 19-10
efficiency, 28-3
noise, 73-4
seal, 71-18
similarity, 17-45
spring loaded accumulator, 19-6
system, modeling, 61-3
Mechanics
engineering, 45-1
space, 58-21
Mechanism, 45-20
control, 62-14
Media, packing, 71-23
Median, 11-12
Medium
acoustic impedance, 73-6
-carbon steel, 47-6
Megagram, 1-6
Melting point, 49-1 (ftn)
Member
axial, 45-11
force, 45-16
pin-connected, axial, 45-12
redundant, 45-7
rotating, velocity, power, and
torque, 54-10
set, 11-1
three-force, 45-7
two-force, 45-6, 45-12
zero-force, 45-14
Membership interest, 75-3
Membrane, 55-6
proton exchange, 31-8
semipermeable, 14-10
stress, 55-6
stress, general primary, 55-6
Meniscus, 14-12
Mensuration, 7-1, A-7
of area, A-3, A-5
of volume, A-9
three-dimensional, A-9
two-dimensional, A-7
MEP, 64-14
Mer, 47-13, 47-15 (tbl)
Mercury density, 14-3
Merit, figure of, 31-9
Mersenne twister algorithm, 63-32
MERV, 41-23
Mesh, 54-11
efficiency, 54-12
ratio, 59-6
separation, 66-14

P P I

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INDEX - M

I N D E X

I-38

M E C H A N I C A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - M

Meshing, gear terminology, 54-11 (fig)


Mesokurtic distribution, 11-14
Metabolic
heat, 40-8
oxygen, 40-7
Metacenter, 15-17
Metacentric height, 15-17
Metal, 20-2, 20-4
alkali, 20-2
alkaline earth, 20-2
base, 49-1
characteristics, 47-1
electrode welding, 65-12
heavy, 20-2
identification system, 47-1, 47-2
-inert gas, 47-11
light, 20-4
-metal system, 47-18
pipe, manufacture, 65-13
properties, 20-2, A-103
removal rate, 65-3
smear, 65-5
spraying, 65-14
thermal properties, A-111
transition, 20-4 (ftn)
Metallizing, 65-14
Metalloid, 20-2, 20-4
Metallurgy, 47-1
extractive, 47-1
powder, 65-10
Metastable structure, 47-9
Metathesis, 20-7 (ftn)
Meter
constant, 17-29
current, 17-27
displacement, 17-26
noise, 73-6
normal cubic, 21-2
obstruction, 17-26
orifice, 17-30 (fig)
pressure, 14-2 (ftn)
sound, 73-6
torque, 64-13
turbine, 17-27
variable-area, 17-27
venturi, 17-29, 17-30 (fig)
Metering pump, 18-3
Methane
landfill, 68-11
series, 21-2
Methanol, 21-8
Method (see also type)
additive congruential, 63-32
air change, 40-2
allowable stress design, 53-2
annual cost, 74-15
annual return, 74-15, 74-16
area transformation, 51-19
area-density, 67-11
average end area, 66-5
bisection, 3-4, 13-1
combination, 41-26
compatibility, 46-2
conservation, 42-7
consistent deformation, 46-2
cooling load temperature difference, 43-3
crack length, 40-5
cut-and-sum, 45-15
double and add, 12-1 (ftn)
double-dabble, 12-1 (ftn)
dummy unit load, 46-7
effectiveness, 36-20
efficiency, 36-20
engineering, 63-28
equal-friction, 41-24
equivalent length, duct, 41-18
evaporative pan, 40-7
expansion, 12-1
F-, 36-20
false position, 13-2 (ftn)
Fibonacci, 63-32
Hardy Cross, 17-24
integration, 50-1, 50-4

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R E F E R E N C E

M A N U A L

linear congruential, 63-32


LMTD, 36-20
loss, 21-17
loss coefficient, 41-17
lumen, 73-3
lumped parameter, 34-13
M-factor, 42-5
mixed congruential, 63-32
multiplicative congruential, 63-32
Newtons, 13-2, 34-12, 34-13 (ftn)
Newtonian, 34-12
NTU, 36-20
number of transfer units, 36-20
numerical, 13-1
numerical, polynomial, 3-4
of consistent deformations, 51-19
of discs, volume, 9-6
of equivalent lengths, 17-12
of joints, 45-14
of least squares, 11-16
of loss coefficients, 17-12
of sections, 45-15
of shells, volume, 9-6
of undetermined coefficients, 3-6, 10-4
parallelogram, 5-3
polygon, 5-3
projection, 74-10
Raimondi and Boyd, 54-26
Raimondi and Boyd, journal
bearing, 54-26
Rayleighs, 60-8
regula falsi, 13-2 (ftn)
remainder, 12-1
secant, 13-2 (ftn)
simplex, 63-12
static regain, 41-27
straight line, 74-21
superposition, 46-4
-Time-Measurement, 63-17 (ftn)
total flux, 73-3
total pressure, 41-29
transfer function, 43-3
ultimate strength design, 53-2
velocity-reduction, 41-24
water spray, 40-7
Winfrey, 74-16 (ftn)
Methyl
alcohol, 21-8
orange alkalinity, 20-21
Metolachlor, 68-18
Metric
system, 1-4
ton, 1-7
Meyer
hardness, 48-13
test, 48-13
-Vickers test, 48-13
mho, 72-2 (ftn)
Microbiological influenced
corrosion, 26-12, 26-13
Microfin, 33-9 (ftn)
Microfouling condenser, 26-12
Micronized coal, 21-5 (ftn), 26-3 (ftn)
Microstrain, 64-9
Midget impinger, 40-10 (ftn)
Midproduct, 63-32
Midsquare, 63-32
MIG welding, 65-12
Migration
leachate, 68-12
velocity, 71-9
Mil, 20-19, A-3, A-4
Military power, 29-2
Milligram
equivalent weight, 20-10, 20-11
per liter, 20-10, 20-11
Milligrams per liter, 20-23 (ftn)
Millilambert, 73-3 (ftn)
Milling, 66-9
chemical, 65-6
Million
of particles per cubic foot, 40-10 (ftn)
part per, 20-10, 20-11

Mine tunnel duct, 41-32


Miners rule, 52-8
Mineral matter, 21-3
Minima point, 8-2
Minimax criterion, 63-34
Minimum
attractive rate of return, 74-14, 74-16
control velocity for exposure
hood, 40-9 (tbl)
design metal temperature, 55-8
efficiency reporting value, 41-23
point, 8-2
thickness, 55-4 (ftn)
Mining duct, 41-32
Minneapolis leakage ratio, 43-4
Minor
axis, 7-11
loss, 17-12, A-55
loss, sprinkler, 67-13
of entry, 4-2
Mirex, 68-17
Miscellaneous formulas, angles, 6-4
Miscible alloy, 49-1
Misrepresentation, 75-6
Mission time, 11-9
Mixed
bed unit, naked, 20-24
congruential method, 63-32
flow pump, 18-4 (ftn)
flow reaction turbine, 18-23
triple product, 5-4, 5-5
Mixer, 66-18
geometric similarity, 66-17
Mixing
damper, 41-13
heater, 26-14
opportunity parameter, 66-18
plenum, 41-13
problem, 10-8
Reynolds number, 66-18
temperature, 36-3
thermostat, 44-2
two air streams, 38-6
velocity, 66-18
Mixture, 49-3
coal-water, 29-3
gas, 23-2, 23-18
liquid-vapor, 23-2
of liquid-vapor, properties, 23-13
pattern, 63-23
problem, fluid, 10-9 (fig)
rule, 68-3
vapor/gas, 23-2
mks system, 1-4, 1-5
MLT system, 1-7
M /M /1 system, 63-6
MMBtuh unit, 34-6 (ftn)
M /M /s system, 63-7
MMSCFD, 41-2
Modal
shape, 60-19
vibration, 60-19
MODAPTS, 63-17 (ftn)
Mode, 11-12
boiler-follow, 26-17
coordinated optimal, 26-17
turbine-follow, 26-17
variable pressure, 26-17
vibration, 60-19
Model, 17-45, 63-2
Bingham-plastic, 17-12
Bird, Stewart, and Lightfoot, 25-15
Calvert, venturi scrubber, 71-21
distorted, 17-45
filter drag, 71-5
lumped parameter, 19-9
power-law, 17-12
Rasouli and Williams, 25-15
scale, 17-45
source-term, 25-15
Modeling, hydraulic and pneumatic
systems, 19-8
Moderated reactor, 30-1

Modes, 60-19
Modified
Fourier number, 34-6
Goodman line, 52-7 (ftn)
Mohr theory, 52-2
Modular ratio, 51-20
Modulation
flow rate, 41-7
pulse duration, 41-8
width-pulse, 41-8
Module, 31-4
digital-to-analog staging, 44-5
digital-to-proportional staging, 44-5
gear, 54-10
Modulus, 3-7, 3-8
apparent, 48-11
Biot, 34-5
bulk, 14-14, 73-5
bulk, water, 14-14
creep, plastics, 48-11
elastic, 48-2
of elasticity, 48-2, 48-4, 51-2
of elasticity, steel, 17-39
of elasticity, temperature
effect, 55-7 (tbl)
of elasticity, shear, 48-8
of resilience, 48-7, 52-4
of rigidity, 48-8
of shear, 48-8
of toughness, 48-7
point bulk, 14-14
secant, 48-4
secant bulk, 14-14
section, 50-7, 51-11
shear, 48-8 (tbl), 51-2
tangent bulk, 14-14
transient, 34-5
Youngs, 48-2, 51-2
Mohrs
circle, 50-8, 51-7
theory, modified, 52-2
theory of rupture, 48-8
Mohs
hardness scale, 48-13 (fig)
scale, 48-13
test, 48-13
Moist air, 38-2
enthalpy of, 38-3
Moisture
content, 23-9
content, constant, 23-10
content, wood, 47-17
level, bed, 21-3
management, mold, 40-8
separator, 30-1
separator reheater, 30-1
mol, 20-5
Molality, 20-10
Molar
enthalpy, 23-4
internal energy, 23-5
property, 23-4
specific heat, 22-4, 23-7
specific volume, 23-5
volume, 20-6
Molarity, 20-10
Mold humidity, 40-8
Molding
gravity, 65-8
injection, 65-10
isostatic, 65-10
permanent, 65-8
plastic, 65-9
sand, 65-8
types, 65-9
Mole, 20-5
fraction, 14-6, 20-10, 20-11, 21-2, 23-18
percent, 14-6
Molecular weight, 20-6
Molecule, 20-1
hydrated, 20-6
mean speed, 23-17

most probable speed, 23-17


spacing, 14-2
Mollier diagram
steam, A-58, A-69, A-71, A-92
using, 23-10
Molluscicide, 26-13
Molten carbonate fuel cell, 31-8
Molybdenum sulfide, 47-20
Moment, 45-2, 51-8
about a line, 45-3
about a point, 45-2, 45-3
area method, 51-14
arm, 45-3
arm, gasket, 55-14
bending, 51-8 (ftn)
braking, 54-20
component, 45-3
coupling, 45-4
diagram, 51-8
first area, 50-2
fixed-end, 46-7
flexural, 51-8 (ftn)
fourth standardized, 11-14
free, 45-4, 45-9
hydrostatic, 15-11
of a couple, 45-4
of a function, first, 9-6
of a function, second, 9-6
of area, first, 46-5
of inertia, 50-3, A-147
of inertia, area, 50-3, A-147
of inertia, mass, 56-2
of inertia, polar, 50-6
of inertia, principal, 50-8
of momentum, 58-3
one-way, 51-8 (ftn)
overturning, dam, 15-11
resisting, 51-8 (ftn)
righting, 15-16
second area, 50-4
statical, 50-3, 51-10
Momentum, 58-2
angular, 17-33, 58-3
conservation, 58-2
fluid, 17-33
flux, 17-14 (ftn)
law of conservation, 58-2
linear, 17-33, 58-2
moment of, 58-3
Monel metal, 47-13
Money, time value, 74-5
Monitor, steel, 66-2
Monitoring
continuous emissions, 70-2
emissions, 70-2
Monomer, 47-13
Monomial, 3-3
Monotectic reaction, 49-3 (tbl)
Monte Carlo
complementary technique, 63-33
technique, 63-32
Montreal Protocol, 33-2, 68-8
Moody friction factor chart, 17-6, 17-7 (tbl)
Mortality
curve, 63-12
infant, 11-9, 63-12
Most
probable speed, 23-17
significant bit, 12-1, 12-4
significant digit, 12-1
Motion
about fixed point, 58-2
circular, 57-7
constrained, 58-11
dependent, 57-12
general, 58-2
general plane, 58-2
impending, 58-5
impending phase, 58-6
laws of planetary, 58-20
linear, 57-2
Newtons first law of, 58-4
Newtons second law of, 58-4

I-39

Newtons third law of, 58-5


plane of, 57-12, 58-2
projectile, 57-4
relative, 57-10
rigid body, 58-2
rotational particle, 57-7
simple harmonic, 60-2
third derivative of, 59-12
uniform, 57-3
Motivation-maintenance
factor, 63-29
theory, 63-29
Motivator, 63-29
Motor, 44-1, 72-12, 72-17, A-166
-spool valve, 19-3
electric, 19-6
electric, variables for, 19-6
electrical, 72-12
gear, 18-11
hydraulic, 19-8 (ftn)
induction, 72-14
linear, 19-8 (ftn)
octane number, 21-7
polyphase, A-165
service factor, 18-10
size, 18-10, 19-6
speed control, 72-15
stepper, 62-13 (ftn)
synchronous, 72-17
water, 67-5
Mottled cast iron, 47-10
Movement, 63-15
Brownian, 23-17
Moving
average forecast, 74-42
load, 46-14
MSB, 12-1
MSCFD, 41-2
MSD, 12-1
MSW
incineration, 71-14
typical nationwide
characteristics, 68-14 (tbl)
MTBF, 11-9 (ftn)
MTON, 1-7
MTTF, 11-9
Mud
drum, 26-4 (ftn)
red, 47-11
Muller, 65-10
Multicouple, 31-9
Multiloop pipe system, 17-24
Multiplate, 16-11
Multiple
degrees of freedom system, 60-2,
60-19, 61-2
-effect evaporator, 26-15
hypergeometric distribution, 11-5
-pass heat exchanger, 36-11
pipe containment, 71-18
reheat, 26-14
reservoir, 17-22
stage pump, 18-4
strand factors, chain, 59-17
Multiplication
matrix, 4-4
vector, 5-3
Multiplicative, 63-32
Multiplier for
C-value, 67-12 (tbl)
equivalent length, 67-13 (tbl)
Multipurpose ABC extinguisher, 67-20
Multirating table, 41-8
Multistage compression, 32-7
Multizone ventilation, 40-4
Municipal solid waste, 68-14, 71-14, 71-17
landfill, 68-14
Mussel, zebra, 26-13
Mutagen, 63-27
Muther nearness priority, 63-15 (ftn)

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INDEX - M

I N D E X

I-40

M E C H A N I C A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

N
N

INDEX - N

factor, 43-5
-step transition matrix, 63-34
Nacelle, 31-4
Naked mixed bed unit, 20-24
Nameplate, 55-3 (fig)
motor, 72-13
pressure vessel, 55-3
rating, 18-10
Naphthalene series, 21-2
Napierian logarithm, 3-5
National
Electrical Code, 72-8
Society of Professional
Engineers, 76-1, 76-3
Native copper, 47-12
Natural
abrasive, 47-18
-circulation boiler, 26-4
convection, 35-2
draft, 21-17
frequency, 9-6, 60-3, 62-9
frequency, fluid, 19-12
frequency, fluid power systems, 19-12
frequency, linear, 60-3
frequency of vibration, angular, 60-3
frequency, panel, 73-11
gas, 21-11
gas, standard conditions, 21-2
logarithm, 3-5
response, 62-1
vibration, 60-2
Near-field measurement, 73-6
Nearness priority, 63-15
NEC, 72-8
continuous operation, 72-9
Neck
flange, welding, 55-17
nozzle, 55-14
Necking down, 48-5
Need
hierarchy, 63-28
oxygen, 40-7
Needle
bearing, 54-22
valve, 16-12
Negative
declaration, 68-3
element, 64-7
exponential distribution, 11-9
feedback, 62-4
number, computer representation, 12-4
temperature coefficient, 64-5
Negligence, 75-6
comparative, 75-6
Nelson diagram, 55-4
NEMA motor size, 18-10, 72-13
Nephrotoxin, 63-27
Nernst theorem, 23-6
Nested spring, 54-6
Net, 26-1
air-to-cloth ratio, 71-5
electrical output, 26-3
filtering area, 71-5
filtering velocity, 71-5
heating value, 21-14
inlet pressure required, 18-14 (ftn)
net filtering velocity, 71-5
positive inlet pressure, 18-2 (ftn)
positive suction head, 18-14
radiation heat transfer, 37-3
rating, 21-17
stack temperature, 21-14
strains, 64-11
tension, 54-16
transport theory, 34-2
work, 24-11, 26-9 (ftn)
Network
pipe, 17-24
polymer, 47-15
Neurotoxin, 63-27

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

R E F E R E N C E

Neutral
axis, 51-11
equilibrium, 58-2
flame, 65-12 (fig)
position, 44-5
pressure level, 40-6
solution, 20-11, 20-12
zone, 41-4
Neutralization, 20-12, 71-25
Neutralizing amine, 20-23
Neutron
embrittlement, 30-2
gaging, 48-12
radiography, 48-12
Newton, 1-1, 1-5
form, 13-3 (ftn)
Newtons
first law of motion, 58-4
gravitational constant, 58-20
interpolating polynomial, 13-3
law of convection, 36-2
law of cooling, 10-10, 34-12
law of gravitation, 58-20
law of viscosity, 14-6, 14-7
method, 13-2, 34-12, 34-13 (ftn)
notation, 8-1
second law, 58-4
third law of motion, 58-5
universal constant, 58-20
Newtonian
fluid, 14-2, 14-7
inertial frame of reference, 57-10
method, 34-12
non-, viscosity, 17-12
Nichrome, 47-13
Nickel, 47-13
alloy, 47-13
-metal hydride battery, 31-11
silver, 47-12 (ftn)
Nikuradse equation, 17-5
Nilvar, 47-13
NIMBY syndrome, 68-14
Nines complement, 12-3
Nip, angle of, 66-9
Nit, 73-3 (ftn)
Nitric oxide, 68-14
Nitriding, 49-10
Nitrogen
dioxide, 68-14
oxide, 68-14
oxygen-free, 19-8 (ftn)
-oxygen ratio, 21-8
Nitrous oxide, 68-14 (ftn)
No-boiler incinerator, 71-14
Noble gas, 20-4
Nocturnal radiation, 37-7
Node, 7-2, 60-19, 63-3
vibration, 60-19
Nodular cast iron, 47-9, 49-7
Noise, 73-4
action level, OSHA, 73-12
background, 73-4
criteria curve, 73-9
dose, 73-12
dosimeter, 73-12
duct, 41-31
fan, 41-31
impact, 73-4
impulse, 73-4
mechanical, 73-4
meter, 73-6
reduction, 73-11
reduction coefficient, 73-10
reduction rating, 73-12
spectrum, 73-9
structure-borne, 73-4
white, 73-4
Nominal
damages, 75-7
dimension, pipe, 16-10
interest rate, 74-28
strength, 53-2
system voltage, 72-5 (ftn)

M A N U A L

Nomograph, Hazen-Williams, A-55


Non
allotropic alloy, 49-9
attainment area, 68-2
attainment area, NAAQS, 40-5
bypass air hood, 40-9
carbonate hardness, 20-21
catalytic reduction, selective, 71-22
circular duct, 17-9
clog pump, 18-5
condensing cycle, 27-2
condensing gas, 26-12
condensing gas, effect on power cycle,
26-12 (fig)
conformance, 63-24
criteria pollutant, 68-2
deforming steel, 47-7
destructive examination, 55-11
destructive test, 48-14
destructive testing, 48-12
enclosure air hood, 40-9
ferrous cast tool, 65-4
fire protection connection, sprinkler
system, 67-7
homogeneous differential equation,
10-1, 10-3
homogeneous linear equation, 3-7
interference engine, 54-18
-interlock sprinkler system, 67-2
linear element, 61-1, 61-2
linear equation, 10-1
linear interpolation, 13-2, 13-3
linear regression curves, 11-17
lubricated condition, 58-6
metal, 20-2, 20-4
metal properties, A-103
metal thermal properties, A-112
-negativity constraint, 63-12
-Newtonian fluid, 14-2
-Newtonian viscosity, 17-12
-overloading fan, 41-6
parametric equation, 3-2
quantifiable factor, 74-2
quantitative factor, 74-2
reacting ideal gas mixtures,
properties of, 23-18, 23-19
reverse-flow valve, 16-12
reversed fatigue, 54-5 (tbl)
-SI units, 1-7
singular matrix, 4-5
spherical particle, 70-4
sulfurized steel, 47-5
Normal
capacity, 26-4
circular pitch, 54-12, 54-13
component, 57-9
component, acceleration, 57-8
cubic meter, 21-2
curve, area under standard, A-12
diametral pitch, 54-13
distribution, 11-6
force, 58-4 (ftn), 58-6
force on a dam, 15-11
form, 7-5
hydrogen, 20-2
line vector, 8-6
pitch, 54-10
pressure, 67-14
pressure angle, 54-12
pressure, sprinkler, 67-14
shock factor, 25-10, A-106
shock table, 25-10
shock wave, 25-9, 25-11
speed, 58-8
stress, 51-2
stress theory maximum, 52-1
temperature and pressure, 21-2
time, 63-16
vector, 7-6
view, 2-1
Normality, 20-10, 20-11
Normalized leakage, 43-5

Normalizing, 49-6, 49-9


equation, 63-35
Normally
closed (NC), 44-1
open (NO), 44-1
Notation, Newtons, 8-1
Notch
-brittle material, 48-6 (ftn)
factor, fatigue, 48-10
sensitivity, 48-10
stress concentration, 51-5
-tough material, 55-7
toughness, 48-14, 48-15, 49-9, 55-7
NOx, 68-14
burner, low, 71-17
burner, ultralow, 71-17
control, 21-5
fuel-bound, 68-14, 68-15
Nozzle, 26-13, 55-3
ASME long radius, 17-32 (ftn)
C-D, 25-5
coefficient, 18-22
constant, 67-9
control, 26-17
convergent-divergent, 25-5
converging-diverging, 17-29
design of supersonic, 25-5
discharge coefficient, 25-8
efficiency, 25-8
flow, 17-32
ISA, 17-32 (ftn)
loss, turbine, 18-22
neck, 55-14
pressure vessel, 55-3, 55-13
steam flow through, 25-21
velocity coefficient, 25-8
venturi, 25-5
np-chart, 63-24 (ftn)
NPDES, 68-19
NPSE, 76-1
NPSHR, hydrocarbon, 18-21
NRR, 73-12
earplug, 73-13
NTU method, 36-20
Nuclear
power cycle, 30-1
sensing, 48-12
Nucleate, boiling, 35-11
Nucleon, 20-1
Null
event, 11-3
hypothesis, 11-15
-indicating bridge, 64-9 (ftn)
indicator, 64-9
matrix, 4-1
point, 40-10, 71-10
position, 64-4
region, 7-3
set, 11-1
Number
AGMA bending stress, 54-14
allowable bending stress, 54-14
allowable tensile bending stress, 54-14
atomic, 20-2, A-57
Avogadros, 20-5
base-10, 12-1
base-b, 12-1
bearing characteristic, 54-26
bearing load, 54-26
binary, 12-1
Biot, 34-5
Brinell hardness, 48-13
cavitation, 18-16
cetane, 21-7
charge, 20-5
complement, 12-3
complex, 3-1, 3-7
condensation, Reynolds, 35-9
decimal, 12-1
dimensionless, 1-9 (tbl), 36-2
direction, 7-5
Euler, 66-14
Eo tvo s, 1-9 (tbl), 17-45

film, Reynolds, 35-9


flow, 66-18
force, 66-19
Fourier, 34-5
Froude, 17-47
Graetz, 36-2
Grashof, 35-2
hex, 12-2 (ftn)
imaginary, 3-1
irrational, 3-1
Mach, 14-15, 25-3
mixing Reynolds, 66-18
modified Fourier, 34-6
motor octane, 21-7
negative, computer, 12-4
Nusselt, 35-2, 36-2
octane, 21-6
of teeth, planet gear, smallest, 59-8 (tbl)
of teeth, sun gear, smallest, 59-8 (tbl)
of transfer units, 71-21
of turns, effective, 66-13
oxidation, 20-4 (tbl), 20-5
Peclet, 36-2
performance, 21-7
period, 74-9
power, 66-18
Prandtl, 35-2, 36-2
pseudo-random, 63-32
random, 63-32
rational, 3-1
Rayleigh, 35-3
real, 3-1
representation, 12-1
research octane, 21-7
Reynolds, 16-7, 35-3, 36-2
Reynolds, similarity, 17-46
smoke spot, 21-12, 68-20
Sommerfeld, 54-26
Stanton, 36-2
Stokes, 66-13
Stokes 50, 66-13
type, 3-1
viscosity blending, 14-16
Weber, 17-47 (ftn)
Weber, similarity, 17-47 (tbl)
Numbering system, 3-1
positional, 12-1
Numerical
analysis, 13-1
event, 11-4
method, 13-1
method, polynomial, 3-4
Nusselt
equation, 35-4, 36-5
number, 1-9 (tbl), 35-2, 36-2
-type correlation, 35-4 (ftn)
Nut
coal, 21-5
factor, 53-13
Nylon, 47-15 (ftn)
Nyquist analysis, 62-13
Nyquists stability criterion, 62-13

O
Objective function, 63-2, 63-12
Oblique
axis, 2-2
compression shock wave, 25-13
expansion shock wave, 25-13, 25-14
impact, 58-18
perspective, 2-3
shock wave, 25-11
triangle, 6-5
view, 2-2
Obliquity, angle of, 54-11
Observability system, 62-14
Obstruction meter, 17-26
Obtuse angle, 6-1
Occupancy diversity, ventilation, 40-4

I-41

Occupant
approximate heat
generation by, 40-8 (tbl)
zone, 40-3
Ocean thermal energy conversion, 31-6
Octagon properties, A-7, A-8
Octahedral shear stress theory, 52-5
Octal
number system, 12-2
system, 12-2
Octane number, 21-6
Octave, 62-10, 73-8
band, 73-8
rule, 60-19
Odd symmetry, 7-4, 9-7 (tbl)
Odor, 68-16
removal, 40-7
removal, ventilation, 40-7
Off
-bottom suspension, 66-17
-gas, 71-23
Offer, 75-3
Offset, 44-2, 59-15
follower, 59-12
link chain, 59-15
parallel, 48-3
sidebar chain, 59-15
Offshoring, 76-4
Ohm, acoustic, 73-6
Ohms law, 34-6, 72-3, 72-6
Oil
Bunker C, 21-6
crankcase, 54-24
cutting, 65-4
distillate, 21-6
engine, 54-24
fuel, 21-6
gear, 54-24
hydraulic designation, 19-3
residual fuel, 21-6
spill, 68-17
viscosity of common
lubricating, 54-24 (fig)
Oily condition, 58-6
Olefin series, 21-2
Oligomer, 47-14
On-bottom suspension, 66-17
Once-through
boiler, 26-1, 26-4
cooling water, 68-8
One
-for-one plan, 63-20
-step transition matrix, 63-34
-tail confidence limit, 11-15
-way moment, 51-8 (ftn)
-way shear, 51-8 (ftn)
Ones complement, 12-4
Opacity, smoke, 68-20
Opaque material, 73-4
Open
and crossed belt drives, 54-16 (fig)
-center-power-beyond valve, 19-3
-center valve, 19-3
channel, flow, nomograph, A-57
circuit, electrical, 72-2
combustor, 29-4
-cycle OTEC plant, 31-6
die forging, 65-7
drive, 54-16
feedwater heater, 26-14 (fig)
hearth furnace, 47-5 (fig)
hearth process, 47-4
heater, 26-14
-loop gain, 62-4
-loop recovery, 71-4
-loop transfer function, 62-4
manometer, 15-3
normally (NO), 44-1
system, 24-1
window unit, 73-10
Opening
pad reinforcement, 55-15 (fig)
pressure, 55-20

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

INDEX - O

I N D E X

I-42

M E C H A N I C A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - P

reinforcement, 55-14
unreinforced and reinforced,
area, 55-16 (tbl)
Operating
characteristic curve, 63-25
differential, 44-2
expense, 74-32
point, compressor, 32-8
point, fan, 41-9
point, pump, 18-17
pressure, 55-8
pressure, pressure vessel, 55-8
Operation
cold- and hot-working, 65-6
factor, 26-16
hybrid throttle pressure, 26-17 (ftn)
inverse trigonometric, 6-4
point of, 41-9
shearing, 65-6
sliding pressure, 26-17
steady-state, 11-9, 37-6
unit, 26-1
Operational form, log, 3-5
Operations
balancing, 56-2
on complex numbers, 3-8
research, 63-1
Operator, 44-1
Opportunity cost, 74-18
Opposite side, angle, 6-2
Optical
density, 68-20
holography, 48-13
particle counter, automatic, 70-4
Optimal coordinated, 26-17
Optimum staging, 32-7
Orbit
eccentricity, 58-21
geostationary, 58-20
law of, 58-20
Order
conscious, 11-2
differential equation, 10-1
matrix, 4-1
of the reaction, 20-13
of the system, 61-2, 62-4
Ordinary hazard, 67-2
group 1 (OH-1), 67-2
group 2 (OH-2), 67-2
Ordinate, 7-2
Organic
compound, volatile, 68-22
finish, 65-14
matter, biodegradable, 68-22
peroxide, 47-15
precursor, 68-21
sulfur, 21-4
Organochlorine pesticide, 68-17
Organophosphate, 68-17
Orientation, angular, 5-1
Orifice, 17-16, 26-13
choked flow time, 25-15
coefficient, 17-17 (tbl)
coefficient, choked flow, 25-15
constant, sprinkler, 67-9
discharge coefficient, 67-9
discharge versus static
pressure, 67-10 (fig)
double, air valve, 16-14
flow through, 19-9
gas flow through, 19-10 (fig)
large, 17-18
meter, 17-30 (fig)
plate, 17-30
restricted, 67-5
Orsat apparatus, 21-12
Orthogonal, 7-2
cutting, 65-2
vector, 5-3
view, 2-1
Orthographic
oblique view, 2-3
view, 2-1, 2-2

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

R E F E R E N C E

OS&Y valve, 67-5


Oscillation
amplitude of, 60-3
period of, 60-3
undamped sinusoidal, 62-9
OSHA
noise action level, 73-12
sound, 73-12
Osmotic pressure, 14-10
apparatus, 14-10
OTEC, 31-6
Othmer correlation, 14-11
Otto cycle, air-standard, 28-5
Outdoor
air ventilation, 40-3
air ventilation, multizone, 40-4
airflow, zone, 40-3
Outlet, 41-29
constant, 41-30
Output
factor, 26-16
gross electrical, 26-3
matrix, 62-14
net electrical, 26-3
signal, 62-3
vector, 62-14
Outside
air thermostat, 44-2
design conditions, 42-2
diameter, controlled, 67-3
screw and yoke valve, 67-5
Over-expansion, 25-13
Overall
coefficient of heat
transfer, 34-7, 36-14, 42-2
conductance, 36-14
conductivity, 34-3, 34-7
efficiency, 66-14
efficiency, pump, 18-9
gain, 62-4
heat transfer coefficient, 36-14
heat transmittance, 34-7
stability constant, 20-15
transfer function, 62-4
turbine efficiency, 26-9
Overautogenous waste, 71-10 (ftn)
Overcurrent protection device, 72-8
Overdamped, 60-10
Overfeed stoking, 26-3
Overflow, 66-15
bit, 12-4
Overhauling, screw, 59-2
Overhead, 74-36
Overhung load, 18-11
Overload
factor, 53-2
point, 18-16
pump, 67-8
Overpressure, 55-20
protection, 55-20
Overshoot, 62-2
temperature, 44-2
Overturning
factor of safety, 15-11
moment, dam, 15-11
Owner, 75-4
Owners equity, 74-33
Ownership, 75-1
OWU, 73-10
Oxidant, 68-17
Oxidation
advanced, 71-4
number, 20-4, 20-5
state, 20-4
Oxide
nitrogen, 68-14
sulfur, 68-20
Oxidizing flame, 65-12
Oxyacetylene welding, 65-11
Oxyacid, 20-5
Oxygen
atmospheric, 40-7
-deficient atmosphere, 40-7

M A N U A L

-enriched atmosphere, 40-7


-enriched incineration, 71-16
-free nitrogen, 19-8 (ftn)
in water, dissolved, A-58
lance, 47-3
metabolic, 40-7
minimum concentration, 40-7
need, 40-7
point, 64-6 (ftn)
process, 47-3
scavenging, 20-23
Oxygenate, 21-7
common types of, 21-7 (tbl)
Oxygenated
fuel, 68-7
gasoline, 21-7
Oxyhydrogen welding, 65-11
Ozonation, 71-20
Ozone
atmospheric, 68-7
depletion, 68-7
depletion potential, 33-2
pollutant, 68-17

P
P
-chart, 11-16, 63-22, 63-24 (ftn)
-sequence, 3-11
-series, 3-12
-waste, 68-3
p-h diagram, 23-12
p-V
diagram, 24-4
plane, 24-4
work, 22-3, 22-4, 23-5, 24-4, 24-6
Pace value, 30-2
Package unit, 41-3
Packed tower, 71-3, 71-23
Packing, 39-1
height of, 71-24
media, 71-23
tower, 39-1
Pad, 55-15
brake, 54-18
reinforcement of an opening, 55-15 (fig)
Paddle
impeller, 66-18
velocity, relative, 66-18
wheel fan, 41-6
Pain, threshold of, 73-4
Paint, pipe, 16-11
Painting, 65-14
Pair
conjugate pole, 62-9
pole, 62-8
Palmgren-Miner cycle ratio summation
formula, 52-8
Pan method, evaporative, 40-7
Panel, 45-12
coil exchanger, 36-12
natural frequency, 73-11
resonant frequency, 73-11
shear, 46-12
Truss, 45-12
Panhandle formula, 17-10
Pappus-Guldinus theorems, 50-3
Pappus theorems, 9-5
Parabola, 7-10 (fig)
formula, A-7
Parabolic
axis, 7-10
cable, 45-17
cam profile, 59-12
column formula, 53-4
Paraboloid of revolutions, A-9
Paradox
DAlemberts, 17-2 (ftn)
hydrostatic, 15-4
Paraffin series, 21-2
Parallel
axis theorem, 50-4, 56-2
circuit, electrical, 72-4

counterflow exchanger, 36-10 (ftn)


flow, 36-10
force system, 45-6
line, 7-8
offset, 48-3
perspective, 2-3
pipe, 17-21
pumps, 18-18
reliability, 11-9
spring, 53-21
system, 11-9
Parallelogram
formula, A-7, A-8
method, 5-3
Parameter
catenary, 45-19
impaction, 71-21
location, 11-8
lumped, electrical analogy, 34-13
mixing opportunity, 66-18
scale, 11-8
typical clutch and brake
design, 54-20 (tbl)
typical journal bearing, 54-25 (tbl)
values, log-normal distribution, 11-8
Parameters, variation of, 10-4
Parametric equation, 3-2
derivative, 8-3
plane, 7-6
Parent ingredient, 49-1
Parkerizing, 65-14
Partial
annealing process, 49-9
-arc admission, 26-17
cross-linking, 47-13
differentiation, 8-4
emission, forced vortex pump, 18-13 (ftn)
filled circular pipes, A-28
fraction, 3-6, 9-3
pressure, 23-18
pressure fraction, 21-2
pressure of a gas, 23-18
similarity, 17-47
solubility, 49-3
volume, 23-18
Particle, 57-1
arresting, 40-11
concentration, 66-12, 66-13
conditioning, 71-9
convexity, 70-6
counter, 70-4
detector, 70-4
detector, aspirating, 70-4
diameter, critical, 70-3
diameter, Stokes, 70-3
exposure time, 70-3, 71-9
nonspherical, 70-4
residence time, 70-3, 71-9
resistivity, 71-9
size, critical, 66-14
sizer, 70-4
-strengthened system, 47-18, 47-20
Particular solution, 10-3, 10-4 (tbl), 60-10
Particulate
arresting, high-efficiency, 40-11
matter, 68-17
Parting line, 65-8
Partner
general, 75-1
limited, 75-2
Partnership, 75-1
limited, 75-2
limited liability, 75-2
Parts
integration by, 9-2
of a pressure vessel, 55-4 (fig)
per million, 20-10, 20-11, 20-23 (ftn)
Pascals
law, 15-4
triangle, 3-3
Passivated steel, 47-8
Passive
design, 30-2

element, 61-2
solar system, 31-2 (ftn)
system, 62-11
Path
critical, 63-3
flanking, 73-10
function, 24-4
process, 24-4
Pattern master, 65-9
Payback period, 74-38
PCB, 68-17
PCD, 41-13
PCVS, 67-5
PD pumps, 18-2
Pea coal screening, 21-5
Peak
cylinder pressure, 28-8 (ftn), 28-9 (ftn)
demand multiplier, 72-7
-discharge compartment, 68-19
firing pressure, 28-8 (ftn), 28-9 (ftn)
flame temperature, 68-15
gain, 62-2
level, 73-6
load service, elevator, 66-4
stress, 55-6
time, 62-2
Peaking unit, 26-16
Pearlite, 49-5
Pearsons
kurtosis, 11-14
skewness, 11-14
Peclet number, 36-2
Pedestal post, 67-5
Peel strength, 65-13
Peening, shot-, 49-10
Peltier effect, 64-7 (ftn)
Pelton wheel, 18-21
Pendant sprinkler, 67-9
Pendulum, 58-3
ballistic, 58-3
torsional, 60-5
Penetration, 71-9, 71-21
air, ultra-low, 40-11
Penstock, 18-23
Pentagon properties, A-7, A-8
Per diem fee, 75-5
Percentage
atomic, 49-1
clearance, 32-3
composition, 20-7
elongation, 48-6
elongation at failure, 48-6
humidity, 38-2
mole, 14-6
of construction cost, fee, 75-5
of isolation, 60-13
yield, 20-8, 20-9
Percentile, 11-12
rank, 11-12
Perfect
gas, 23-16
intercooling, 32-7
reaction, 20-8
spring, 54-2
Perfecting a lien, 75-5
Perforated plate grille, 41-24
Performance
coefficient of, 33-3
curve, pump, 18-16
effect of noncondensing gases on power
cycle, 26-12 (fig)
factor, 38-11, 63-16
function, 11-9
number, 21-7
rating factor, 63-16
standard, 63-20
Perigee, 58-21
Perihelion, 58-21
Perimeter
diameter, 70-4
-free shape factor, 70-6
lengths, ratio of, 70-6
wetted, 16-5

I-43

Period (see also type), 74-2


chemical, 20-2
depreciation, 74-20
effective, 74-2
electrical, 72-5
law of, 58-20
number, 74-9
of oscillation, 60-3
of waveform, 9-6
Periodic
inventory, 74-37
law, 20-2
table, 20-2, A-57
time, 58-20
waveform, 9-6
Peripheral velocity, effective, 66-17
Peritectic reaction, 49-3 (tbl)
Peritectoid, 49-3
Permalloy, 47-13
Permanent
hardness, 20-21
molding, 65-8
set, 48-3
Permeability, 65-8
air, 43-4
Permitted weld type, 55-10 (tbl)
Permittivity
of free space, 71-9
relative, 71-9
Permivar, 47-13
Permutation, 11-2
circular, 5-5
ring, 11-2
Peroxide
benzoyl, 47-15
hydrogen, 47-15
organic, 47-15
Perpendicular
axis theorem, 50-6
line, 2-1, 7-8
line principle, 2-1
Perpetual inventory system, 74-37
Persistence, pesticide, 68-17
Personal property, 74-20 (ftn)
Perspective
angular, 2-3
oblique, 2-3
parallel, 2-3
view, 2-1, 2-3
PERT, 63-5
Pesticide (see also Volatile Organic
Compounds), 68-17
chlorinated, 68-17
Petit and Dulong
law, 23-7, 23-8
value, 23-8
Petroff equation, 54-25
pH, 20-11
Phantom cash flow, 74-4 (ftn)
Phase, 49-1, 72-10
angle, 72-4, 72-5, 72-6
characteristic, 62-10, 62-11
conveying, dilute-, 66-8
crossover frequency, 62-12
current, 72-11
determining, 23-3
diagram, 23-3, 49-1
equilibrium, 58-6
factor, 72-7
margin, 62-12
motion impending, 58-6
substance, 23-2
substance, pure, 23-2
voltage, 19-6 (ftn)
Phasor form, 3-8, 72-5
vector, 5-2
Phenolic plastic, 47-15
Phenolphthalein alkalinity, 20-21
Phon, 73-9
scale, 73-9
Phosphoric acid fuel cell, 31-8
Phosphorus bronze, 47-12
Photocell, 64-4

P P I

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INDEX - P

I N D E X

I-44

M E C H A N I C A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - P

Photochemical
reaction, 68-17
smog, 68-20
Photoconductive devices, 64-4 (ftn)
Photoelectric effect, 64-4
Photoemissive devices, 64-4 (ftn)
Photogenerative, 64-4 (ftn)
Photometer, 70-4
Photosensitive
conductor, 64-5
resist, 65-6
Photosensor, 64-4
Photovoltaic, 64-4 (ftn)
cell, 31-4, 64-4
Physical
inventory, 74-37
strain, 48-5
stress, 48-5
Physiological basis of sound, 73-4
Pi-group, 1-10
PI, 67-5
control, 44-5
Pick-off point, 62-4
Pickling, 65-8, 65-14
Pickup, 64-3 (ftn), 64-4
load, 42-5
vibration, 60-21
Pictorial drawing, 2-2 (ftn)
PID control, 44-5
Piece-rate, 63-20
Piecework, 63-20
Pier, 51-12, 53-2
Piercing the corporate veil, 75-3
Piezoelectric, 47-18
effect, 15-2, 64-4
transducer, 64-4
Piezometer
ring, 15-2 (ftn)
tube, 15-2
Pig iron, 47-3
Pile
bulk storage, 66-5
burning, 26-3
conical, 66-6 (fig)
shape, 66-6 (fig)
wedge, 66-6 (fig)
Pin-connected axial member, 45-12
fin, 34-18
Pinch point, 29-8
Pinion, 54-11, 59-16
planet, 59-6
sprocket, 59-16
vs. gear, 54-11
Pinned support, 45-7
Pipe
acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, 67-4
annealed, 67-3
bend, 17-36 (fig)
bend, force on, 17-36
black, 16-10
black steel, 67-3
branch, 17-21
capillary action heat, 34-23
cast-iron, A-42
cast-iron dimensions, A-42
chlorinated polyvinyl
chloride (CPVC), 67-4, A-36
circular, A-28
class, 16-10
coating, 16-11
coefficient, 16-8
concrete, A-40, A-41
concrete sewer dimensions, A-40, A-41
copper, 67-3
copper, temper, 67-3
CPVC dimensions, A-36
crossover, 26-8
culvert, 17-19 (fig)
dimensions, ductile iron, A-43
drawn temper, 67-3
ductile dimensions, A-42
ductile iron, A-42
entrance, 17-13

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R E F E R E N C E

M A N U A L

exit, 17-13
factor, 16-8
for fluid power, 19-4
friction, 17-14
hard, 67-3
Hazen-Williams constants, A-48
heat, 34-22
insulated, 34-9
insulation, 34-10
insulation to prevent freezing, 34-11
insulation to prevent sweating, 34-11
lap-welded, 65-13
leg, 17-21
lined concrete, 16-10
loop, 17-21
manufacture, 65-13
material, 16-9
maximum velocity in, 17-3
network, 17-24
parallel, 17-21
plastic, 67-4
polyethylene, 67-4
polyvinyl chloride (PVC), 16-10, A-36,
A-37, A-38, A-39
pressure rating, 19-4
pressure vessel, 55-18
prestressed concrete, 16-10
prestressed concrete cylinder, 16-10
PVC dimensions, A-36, A-37, A-38, A-39
reinforced concrete, 16-10
schedule, 67-6
seamless, 65-13 (fig)
series, 17-20
soft, 67-3
special pressure classes, ductile iron, A-43
specific roughness, A-48
specifications, 16-10
standard pressure classes, A-42
standards, 16-10
steel, 16-11, A-29, A-30, A-31, A-32,
A-33, A-34, A-35
steel dimensions, A-29, A-30, A-31, A-32,
A-33, A-34, A-35
steel, modulus of elasticity, 17-39
stiffness, 16-11
system, multiloop, 17-24
thermo-siphon heat, 34-22, 34-23 (fig)
truss, 16-10
wall thickness, 19-4
Pipelines, submerged, 15-16
Piping, 21-19, 66-6
geometry factor, 17-14
symbols, A-44
Piston displacement, 32-3
Pit
ash, 21-3
post, 67-5
Pitch, 18-4, 58-2, 59-2
angle, 54-15
axial, 54-13
base, 54-10
chain, 59-16
circle, 54-10
circle velocity, 54-10
circle velocity, spur gear, 54-10
circular, 54-10, 54-12, 54-13
circular blade, 18-4
coil, 54-6
cone, 54-15
cone angle, 54-15
control, blade, 41-7
diametral, 54-10
helix, 7-12
length, V-belt, 54-17
-limited, WECS, 31-5
longitudinal, 36-8
normal, 54-10
normal circular, 54-12, 54-13
normal diametral, 54-13
point, 54-10
spring, 54-6
transverse, 36-8
transverse circular, 54-12, 54-13

Pitot
-static gauge, 17-28 (fig)
tube, 16-5, 25-22
Pitting, 20-19
resistance, gear, 54-14
Pivoted machine, 31-6
Plain
bearing, 54-22
carbon steel, 47-5
end, 54-5
Plaintiff, 75-6
Plan, 63-20, 63-25
PLAN
formula, 28-8
view, 2-2
wage incentive, 63-20
Planar view, 2-2
Plane, 7-6
angle, 6-1
complex, 3-7
friction bearing, 54-22
motion, 57-12
of motion, 58-2
s, 62-8
sandwiched, 34-7
tangent, 8-5
Planet, 59-6
carrier, 59-6
gear, 59-6
pinion, 59-6
Planetary gear, 59-6
set, 59-6
Planimeter, 2-4
Plant, 62-13
closed-cycle, 31-6
factor, 26-16
heat rate, 26-5
hydroelectric generating, 18-23
layout, 63-15
location problem, 63-14
open-cycle, 31-6
power, electrical rating, 26-1
power, thermal rating, 26-1
resource-recovery, 71-14
tidal power, 31-6
wave power, 31-6
Plasma, 23-2 (ftn)
diode, 31-9
incineration, 71-17
Plastic, 68-18
behavior, 51-2 (ftn)
biodegradable, 68-18
compostable, 68-18
degradable, 68-18
design method, 53-2
duct, 41-14
hinge, 51-19
impact, 58-17
material, 14-7
molding, 65-9
phenolic, 47-15
pipe, 16-9, 67-4
strain, 48-3
tests on, 48-11
types, 68-18
waste, 68-18
Plate
absorber, 31-2
-and-frame heat exchanger, 36-12
cam, 59-12
clutch, 54-20, 54-21
exchanger, 36-12
flat, 53-19
flat, flow over, 36-3
flat, heat generation, 34-16
flat, uniform pressure, 53-20
jet force on, 17-34
orifice, 17-30
perforated, grille, 41-24
-type element, 55-3
-type heat exchanger, 36-12
vibration, 60-17
Plateau, 49-2

Plating, tin-, 65-14


Platinum resistance thermometer, 64-5
Platykurtic distribution, 11-14
Plenum
mixing, 41-13
system, 41-13
Plot, bode, 62-11
Plow steel, 66-2 (ftn)
Plug
glow, 28-10 (ftn)
valve, 16-12
Plugging, 71-22
Plume, 39-1
Plunger pump, 18-2
Pneumatic
actuator, 44-1
compliance, 19-11
conveyor, 66-8
inertance, 19-11, 19-12
power systems, characteristic
equations of, 19-9 (tbl)
resistance, 19-9
system, 19-8
pOH, 20-11
Pohlhausen solution, 36-4
Point, 49-3 (ftn)
apparatus, dew, 43-7
approach, 29-8
balanced draft, 71-10
breakaway, 62-12
bulk modulus, 14-14
choke, 32-8
cloud, 21-7
contraflexure, 8-2, 51-17
control, 44-2
corresponding, 41-10 (ftn)
critical, 8-2, 23-3, 23-8, 25-4, 49-4
Curie, 49-4 (ftn)
cut, 66-14
cut-over, 74-23 (ftn)
dew-, 21-14, 38-8
distribution, 41-30
eutectic, 49-3 (ftn)
extrema, 8-2
extreme, 8-2
fixed, motion about, 58-2
flash, 21-6 (ftn), 67-20
force, 45-2
freezing, 49-1 (ftn), 49-2
function, 24-4, 24-7
gain crossover, 62-12
gold, 64-6 (ftn)
half-power, 62-10
ice, 64-6 (ftn)
inflection, 8-2, 51-17
inversion, 24-3
leak, 26-12 (ftn)
locus, 7-2
lower critical, 49-4
maxima, 8-2
maximum, 8-2
melting, 49-1 (ftn)
minima, 8-2
minimum, 8-2
null, 40-10, 71-10
of application, 5-1
of contraflexure, 7-2
of control, 63-26
of duty, fan, 41-9 (ftn)
of inflection, 7-2
of instability, 62-12
of operation, 41-9
of rating, fan, 41-9
of sale, 74-37
of stress concentration in extension
spring, 54-9 (fig)
operating, 18-17
operating, compressor, 32-8
operating, fan, 41-9
oxygen, 64-6 (ftn)
pick-off, 62-4
pinch, 29-8
pitch, 54-10

pour, 21-7, 54-25


saddle, 7-2
set, 20-22, 44-2
silver, 64-6 (ftn)
singular, 8-1
-slope form, 7-5
stagnation, 16-5
steam, 64-6 (ftn)
stone wall, 32-8
sulfur, 64-6 (ftn)
summing, 62-4, 62-13
take-off, 62-4
tangent, 7-2
terminal, 5-1
traverse, 70-2
triple, 49-4
triple, property, 23-8
upper critical, 49-4
yield, 48-3
Poise, 14-7
Poisoning, 71-22
Poisson distribution, 11-5
Poissons ratio, 48-4
Polar
amine, 20-23
coordinate system, 7-3 (fig) (tbl)
form, 3-8, 7-5
form, vector, 5-2
moment of inertia, 50-6
Pole, 62-8
pair, 62-8
pair, conjugate, 62-9
-zero diagram, 62-8
Polishing, 65-14
condensate, 20-24
Pollutant, 68-2
air, 68-2
criteria, 68-2
hazardous air, 68-2
Pollution, 68-1
generator, 68-3
source, 68-3
Polybutylene tubing, 67-4
Polychlorinated biphenyl, 68-17
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, 28-11
Polyethylene, 47-15 (fig)
pipe, 67-4
Polygon
formula, A-7, A-8
frequency, 11-10
mensuration, A-7
method, 5-3
Polyhedra properties, A-9
Polymer, 47-13, 68-18
-electrolyte battery, 31-11
atactic, 47-16
branching, 47-16 (fig)
cross-linking, 47-16 (fig)
crystallinity, 47-16
crystallization, 47-16 (fig)
isotactic, 47-16
linear, 47-15
network, 47-15
saturated, 47-15
syndiotactic, 47-16
synthetic, 47-15
thermoplastic, 47-17 (tbl)
thermosetting, 47-17 (tbl)
Polymerization
addition, 47-15
condensation, 47-15
degree of, 47-14
step reaction, 47-15
Polymorph, 47-18
Polynomial, 3-3
characteristic, 4-8
degree, 3-3
factoring, 3-4
graphing, 3-4
inspection, 3-4
Lagrangian interpolating, 13-2

I-45

Newtons interpolating, 13-3


special cases, 3-4
standard form, 3-3
Polyphase motor, A-165
Polyprotic acid, 20-16
Polystyrene resin zeolite, 20-21, 20-22
Polytropic
closed system, 24-9
compression, 15-13
efficiency, 32-5
equation of state, 24-2
exponent, 15-13, 19-8, 24-2
exponent, accumulator sizing, 19-7 (tbl)
exponent, compression, 32-4
head, 32-5
process, 19-8, 24-2
specific heat, 24-2
steady-flow, 24-10
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
coated spiral duct, 41-13
pipe, 16-10, A-36, A-37, A-38, A-39
Pool boiling, 35-11
Pop action, 16-12
Poppet valve, 28-3 (ftn)
Popping pressure, 55-20
Population, 11-3
diversity, ventilation, 40-4
growth, 3-11
system, 40-4
Pore-squeeze liquid, 68-11
Position
absolute, 57-10
angular, 57-7
-correction chart, 34-15 (ftn)
equilibrium, 60-2, 60-3
neutral, 44-5
relative, 57-10
valve, 19-3
vector, 45-3
Positional numbering system, 12-1
Positive
displacement pump, 18-2, 19-5
element, 64-7
feedback, 62-4
temperature coefficient, 64-5
Post
control supervisory switch, 67-5
end, 45-12
ground, 67-5
I-, 67-5
-indicating valve, 67-4
indicator, 67-5
pedestal, 67-5
pit, 67-5
wall, 67-5
Potential
energy, 1-3, 16-2, 22-3
stream, 17-3
Potentiometer, 64-3 (ftn), 72-2
circuit, 64-3 (ftn)
transducer, 64-3
Potentiometric sensor, 64-3
Pound, 1-1
force, A-3
mole, 20-5
Poundal, 1-4
Pour point, 21-7, 54-25
depressants, 54-25
Powder
metallic, 65-10
metallurgy, 65-10
Power, 3-5, 22-6, 26-9
angle, 72-7
available, fluid, 19-8, 19-9
blower, 41-6
-boosting, 29-2
brake, 28-3
brake, fan, 41-6
bus, 44-6
climb, 29-2
coefficient, 31-5
conversion factor, A-1, A-2
conversion, SI, A-3, A-5

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INDEX - P

I N D E X

I-46

M E C H A N I C A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - P

conversions, 22-6
cruise, 29-2
curve, 48-5
cutting, 65-3
cycle, 24-11
cycle performance, effect of
noncondensing gases, 26-12 (fig)
cycle, nuclear, 30-1
cycle, solar, 31-3
cycle, vapor, 27-1
density, ESP, 71-9, 71-10
design, 58-7 (ftn)
electrical, 72-3, 72-6, 72-7
emissive, 37-1
engine, 28-3
factor, 18-10, 72-7, 72-9
fan, 41-6
fluid, 19-2
friction, 18-9, 28-3
friction, fan, 41-8
full military, 29-2
-generating elements, typical
integration, 26-2 (fig)
hydraulic, 18-7, 19-2
hydraulic resistance, 19-9
indicated, 28-3
jack, 59-1, 59-2
law, 1/7, 16-8
-law model, 17-12
law, viscosity, 17-12
maximum continuous, 29-2
military, 29-2
number, 66-18
of the test, 11-15
phase, 72-11
pipe, 19-4
plant, electrical rating, 26-1
plant, thermal rating, 26-1
pump, 18-2, 18-7
rail, 44-6
screw, 59-2
screw and screw jack, 59-1, 59-2
screw thread, 59-2 (fig)
series, 8-8
specific, battery, 31-10
specific, flywheel, 59-3
spring, 54-9 (ftn)
stroke, 28-2
system, filter, 19-6
system, strainer, 19-6
tidal, 31-6
-to-heat ratio, 29-9
ton of explosive, 1-7
-tower system, 31-3
transmission belt, 54-17
turbine, 17-36, 18-22, 26-9
vs. torque, 54-10
water, 18-7
wave, 31-6
wind, 31-4
Powerhouse, 18-23
ppm
concentration, 67-21
gas, 67-21
Prandtl number, 1-9 (tbl), 35-2, 36-2
Prandtls boundary layer theory, 17-44
Preaction
sprinkler system, 67-2
valve, 67-2, 67-3
Precedence
relationship, 63-3
table, 63-3
Prechamber, 28-3
Precharge gas pressure, 19-7
Precipitation, 20-10
-hardened stainless steel, 47-8 (ftn)
hardening, 47-8 (ftn), 47-11 (ftn), 49-9
rate, 71-9
softening, 20-21
Precipitator, electrostatic, 71-8
Precise estimate, 64-2

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R E F E R E N C E

M A N U A L

Precision, 63-16, 63-18, 64-2


casting, 65-9
experiment, 11-11
Precombustion chamber, 28-3
Precursor
organic, 68-21
smog, 68-20
Predetermined system, 63-15
Prefix, SI, 1-7
Preform, 65-10
Preheater
air, 26-16
convection, 26-16
regenerative, 26-16
Preload
bolt, 53-12
force, 53-12
Prerequisite of privity, 75-7 (ftn)
Present worth, 74-5, 74-11
method, 74-14, 74-15
Press, 65-6
capacity, 65-6
fit, 53-6
forging, 65-8
hydraulic, 15-14
punch, 59-3
Pressure, 14-2, 23-5
absolute, 14-3
accumulation, 55-21
-actuated joint, 55-17
allowance, surge, 67-4
amplifier, 32-2
angle, 54-11
angle, cam, 59-12
angle, gear, 54-12
apparatus, osmotic, 14-10
at a depth, 1-3, 15-6 (ftn)
at altitude, 41-2 (tbl)
atmospheric, 14-3
average, 15-7
back, 25-12, 26-12
barometric, 14-3
booster, 32-2
brake mean effective, 28-3, 28-8
breaking, 55-20
burst, 19-4, 19-5, 55-20
center of, 15-4, 15-8, 15-9, 45-5
classes, ductile iron pipe, A-43
classes, iron pipe, A-42
classes, pipe, 67-4
closed system, constant, 24-8
coefficient of active lateral earth, 66-7
coefficient, wind surface, 40-6
collapsing, 53-5 (ftn)
conduit, 16-5
constant, 24-2
constant throttle, 26-17
conversion, SI, A-3, A-4
cut-in, 32-2
cut-out, 32-2
cylinder, peak, 28-8 (ftn), 28-9 (ftn)
Daltons law of partial, 23-18
design, 25-13
design, pressure vessel, 55-8
die casting, 65-9
differential, 14-3
diffuser, 41-30
drag, 17-41
drop, 19-5
-drop, endpoint, 20-22
drop, friction, 17-4 (ftn)
drop, steel pipe, A-53
drop, water, steel pipe, A-53
energy, 16-2
-enthalpy diagram, 23-12
-enthalpy diagram,
HFC-134a, A-83, A-102
-enthalpy diagram,
R-12, A-79, A-82, A-98
-enthalpy diagram, R-22, A-101
external, 15-13
external static, 41-8
fit, stress concentration factor, 53-9

flow, 16-5
fluid, 14-2
friction, 41-8, 41-14
from gas, 15-12
gage, 14-3, 15-2
gauge, Bourdon, 15-2
grille, 41-30
head, 18-6 (ftn)
hopper, 66-7
hydrostatic, 15-4
indicated mean effective, 28-3, 28-8
intensifier, 32-2
isentropic, 25-13
level, neutral, 40-6
line, 54-11
loss, cyclone, 66-14
loss, duct, 41-14, 41-17
-maintenance pump, 67-7
maximum allowable working, 55-8
mean effective, 28-8, 64-14
measurement, 15-1
-measuring devices, 15-2
meter, 14-2 (ftn)
mode, variable, 26-17
multiple liquid, 15-12
new and cold, maximum allowable, 55-8
normal, 67-14
of a gas, partial, 23-18
on a dam, 15-11
on curved surface, 15-10
on plane surface, 15-6, 15-7, 15-8
opening, 55-20
operated relief valve, 67-3
operating, 55-8
operating, pressure vessel, 55-8
operation, hybrid throttle, 26-17 (ftn)
operation, sliding, 26-17
orifice discharge versus static, 67-10
osmotic, 14-10
partial, 23-18
peak cylinder, 28-8 (ftn), 28-9 (ftn)
peak firing, 28-8 (ftn), 28-9 (ftn)
popping, 55-20
pouring, 65-9 (ftn)
precharge gas, 19-7
rating, pipe, 19-4, 67-4
rating, tube, 19-4
ratio, 23-11, 28-12, 32-1, 66-7
ratio, critical, 25-4
ratio, design, 25-5
ratio, isentropic, 28-4
reduction valve, 19-3
register, 41-30
relief device, 16-12
relief valve, 17-39, 55-20
resistance, 41-8
saturation, 14-9
set-point, 55-20
setting, 55-20
stagnation, 40-6
standard temperature and, 21-2
start-to-leak, 55-20
static, 41-3, 67-14
surface, 15-6, 15-7, 15-8, 15-9, 15-10
terminal, 41-30
test, hydrostatic, 55-20
total, 16-2, 23-18, 41-3
transverse, 17-28
uniform, clutch, 54-21
unit, 14-2 (fig)
vapor, 14-9, 38-2
variable throttle, 26-17
velocity, 40-6, 41-3
vessel, 55-2
vessel, allowable stress, 55-5
vessel design pressure, 55-8
vessel, effective allowable stress, 55-12
vessel, impact test, 55-7
vessel, material, 55-4
vessel, nameplate, 55-3
vessel, nozzle, 55-3
vessel operating pressure, 55-8
vessel, parts, 55-4 (fig)

vessel pipe, 55-18


vessel, radiographic inspection, 55-11
vessel, service, 55-4
vessel stamp, 55-3 (fig)
vessel thickness, 55-8
vessel wall thickness, 55-3, 55-12
vessel welding, 55-9
wind, 40-6
Pressurestat, 44-1
Pressurized
air-, water, 67-20
fluidized-bed combustion, 21-5
liquid, 15-13
liquid, temperature increase, 26-7
slagging combustor, 29-3 (ftn)
tank, 17-18
water reactor, 30-1
Presswork, 65-6
Prestressed concrete
cylinder pipe, 16-10
pipe, 16-10
Preventative maintenance, 63-10
Preventing coil icing, 43-9 (fig)
Price, 63-2 (ftn)
-earnings ratio, 74-36
Primary
air, 26-3
airflow, zonal, 40-4
combustion chamber, 71-13
control valve, 67-3
creep, 48-16
dimension, 1-7
feedback ratio, 62-4
loop, 30-1
membrane stress, 55-6
outdoor air fraction, 40-4
stress, 55-6
unit, 1-7
Prime
contractor, 75-4
cost, 74-33
gear set, 54-12
mover, 18-9 (ftn)
Primer, red, 16-11
Principal
axis, 50-8, 56-2
contract, 75-3
moment of inertia, 50-8
organic hazardous constituent, 71-13
stress, 51-5
view, 2-2
Principle
Archimedes, 15-14
Bayes, 63-34
DAlembert, 58-5
impulse-momentum, 17-33, 58-15
Le Cha teliers, 20-12
of corresponding states, 23-20
of counting, fundamental, 63-33
perpendicular line, 2-1
work-energy, 22-3, 22-4, 53-20, 54-2
Priority, ethical, 76-2
Prism, 66-5
Prismoid, 66-5
Prismoidal formula, 66-6
Privity of contract, 75-7
Probabilistic
model, 63-2
problem, 74-30
Probability, 11-2
complementary, 11-4
density function, 11-4
joint, 11-3
of acceptance, 63-25
of failure, conditional, 11-9
steady-state, 63-35
success, 11-3
theory, 11-2
Probable speed of a molecule, 23-17
Probe
direction-sensing, 17-27
proximity, 60-21
static pressure, 17-27

Problem, 63-12
initial value, 10-1
mixing, 10-8
three-reservoir, 17-22
Procedure
indoor air quality, 40-2
Johnson, 53-3
ventilation rate, 40-2
Process
absorption, 71-2
adiabatic, 24-2
adiabatic saturation, 38-10
air, 40-1 (ftn)
air conditioning, 38-6
annealing, 49-9
Aston, 47-10
base exchange, 20-21
Bayer, 47-11
Bessemer, 47-3
Byers, 47-10
constant pressure, 24-2
constant temperature, 24-2
constant volume, 24-2
control, HVAC, 44-1
control, statistical, 11-16
cost accounting, 74-36
direct iron-making, 47-5
dissolved oxygen, 47-3
gasification, 29-2
Hall-Heroult, 47-11
ion exchange, 20-21
irreversibility, 24-13
irreversible, 24-3
isenthalpic, 24-2
isentropic, 24-2, 24-9
isobaric, 24-2
isochoric, 24-2
isometric, 24-2
isothermal, 24-2
L-D, 47-3
layout, 63-15
Linz-Donawitz, 47-3
lost-wax, 65-9
manufacturing, 65-1
Markov, 63-34
normalizing, 49-6
open hearth, 47-4
oxygen, 47-3
polytropic, 19-8, 24-2
puddling, 47-10
quasiequilibrium, 24-2
quasistatic, 24-2
reduced-coke, 47-5
reversible, 24-3
size reduction, 66-9
steady-flow, 32-4
steam, 29-8, 29-9
tempering, 49-6
thermodynamic, type, 24-2
throttling, 24-2, 24-3, 24-10
total heat removal, 43-7 (fig)
transport, 24-2
types of, 24-2
waste, 68-2
zeolite, 20-21
Prochloraz, 68-18
Producer
gas, 21-8 (ftn)
risk, 11-14
Producers
acceptance risk, 63-25
risk, 63-26
Product, 20-7
cross, 45-3
dot, 5-3
ion, 20-15
layout, 63-15
mixed triple, 5-4, 5-5
of inertia, 50-7, 56-2
scalar, 5-5
solubility, 20-16
standard, 63-15
triple cross, 5-5

I-47

triple scalar, 5-5


vector, cross, 5-4 (fig)
vector, dot, 5-3 (fig)
vector, triple, 5-5
Production
entropy, 23-6
rate, 63-18, 63-19
standard, 63-15
Productivity, 63-20
Professional
corporation, 75-2
limited liability company, 75-3
Profile, 59-12
area, 34-19
auxiliary view, 2-2
cam, 59-12
drag, 17-41
drag coefficient, 36-4
temperature, 34-6 (fig)
timing belt, 54-19 (tbl)
trapezoidal, cam, 59-12 (ftn)
velocity, 16-8
Profit, 74-37
flow through, 75-2
margin, 74-36
Programmed evaluation and review
technique, 63-5
Programming
dynamic, 63-12
integer, 63-12
linear, 63-12
mathematical, 63-12
Progressive die, 65-6
Projected area diameter, 70-4
Projectile, 57-4
motion, 57-4
motion equations, 57-5 (tbl)
Projection, 2-3
cabinet, 2-3
cavalier, 2-3
clinographic, 2-3
method, 74-10
Projector, 2-1
Prony brake, 28-3, 64-13
Proof
alcohol, 21-8
load, bolt, 53-9, 53-13
strength, 53-9, 53-13
stress, 48-3 (ftn)
test, 11-9
test interval, 11-9, 63-10
Propagation, 47-15
velocity, 73-5
Propeller
fan, 41-4
shaft, 59-18
turbulence, 31-4
Proper
polynomial fraction, 3-6 (ftn)
subset, 11-1
Property
air, A-19, A-20
alloys, A-103
atmospheric air, A-19, A-20, A-20, A-22
atmospheric air, thermal, A-124, A-125
business, 74-20 (ftn)
chamber, 25-2
changes in fluids, 24-10
changes in ideal gas, 24-7
changes in solids, 24-10
changes in temperature, 23-12
class, bolt, 53-10
coal, 21-5 (tbl)
compressed water, A-90, A-91
critical, 23-8, 25-5
elements, A-57
exit, 25-5
extensive, 23-4
flywheel materials, 59-5 (tbl)
fuel, 21-6
fuel oil, 21-6
gas, 23-16 (tbl)
gasoline, 68-10

P P I

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INDEX - P

I N D E X

I-48

M E C H A N I C A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - R

intensive, 23-4
liquid-vapor mixture, 23-13
metallic, 20-2
metals, 47-1, A-103
mixtures, 23-18, 23-19
molar, 23-4
MSW, typical nationwide, 68-14 (tbl)
nonmetals, A-103
nonreacting, ideal gas
mixtures, 23-18, 23-19
of air, 19-8
of clutch and brake materials, 54-19 (tbl)
of foodstuffs, composition, 34-5 (tbl)
of foodstuffs, thermal, A-114 (tbl)
of ideal gas, 23-15, 23-16
of roller chain, 59-15 (tbl)
of saturated liquids, 23-13
of saturated vapors, 23-14
of solids, 23-12
of subcooled liquids, 23-12
of superheated vapor, 23-14
of timing belt materials, 54-19 (tbl)
of typical spring material, 54-3 (tbl)
personal, 74-20
psychrometric chart, 38-5
real, 74-20
reduced, 23-20
residential, 74-20
solids, A-103
solutions, 20-10
specific, 23-4
stagnation, 25-3 (ftn)
standard steel link chain, 59-16 (tbl)
static, 25-3 (ftn)
table, 23-10
thermal, A-103
throat, 25-5
total, 25-2
triple point, 23-8
typical spring material, 54-4 (tbl)
water, A-16, A-17
weld groups, A-153
Propiconaone, 68-18
Proportional
action, 44-5
action with automatic reset, 44-5
plus integral control (PI), 44-5
plus integral plus derivative
control (PID), 44-5
region, 48-3
strain, 48-3
Proportionality limit, 48-3
Proportions, law of
definite, 20-5
multiple, 20-5
Propped cantilever beam, 46-1
Proprietorship
single, 75-1
sole, 75-1
Propulsion, jet, 17-34
Protection
area, 67-10
area, sprinkler, 67-10
freeze, 44-2
overpressure, 55-20
Protective device, hearing, 73-12
Protocol, Montreal, 33-2
Proton exchange membrane, 31-8
Prototype, 17-45
Proximate analysis, 21-2
Proximity
displacement tranducer, 60-21
probe, 60-21
Pseudo
-random number, 63-32
-static deflection, 60-11
Pseudocomponent, 14-16 (ftn)
Pseudoplastic fluid, 14-7
psid, 14-3
Psych chart (see Psychrometric chart)
Psychrometer sling, 38-10

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

R E F E R E N C E

M A N U A L

Psychrometric, 38-1
chart, 38-4, A-137, A-138, A-139, A-140
chart properties, 38-5
Public
corporation, 75-2
dealing with, 76-3
Puddling (iron), 47-10
Puffing, 71-10
Pull
allowable, 59-15
-through exchanger, floating-head, 36-12
Pulley, 45-11, 54-17
advantage, 45-11
block, mechanical advantage, 45-11
efficiency, 45-11
fixed, 45-11
foot, 66-11
free, 45-11
head, 66-11
idler, 54-17
loss factor, 45-11
variable pitch, 41-8
Pulsation
damper, 18-2
stabilizer, 18-2
Pulse, 61-2
duration modulation, 41-8
shock, 60-20
-width modulation, 41-8
Pulverized-coal furnace, 26-3
Pulverizing, 66-9
Pump, 17-14, 18-2, 26-6
centrifugal, 18-2
characteristics, 18-2, 18-12
churn, 67-8
compression, 26-7 (fig)
condition, line, 26-6, 26-7
drip, 26-15
efficiency, 18-9, 26-6, 26-7
efficiency, isentropic, 26-7
fire fighting, 67-7
fluid power, 19-5
head added, 17-15
heat, 33-3
homologous, 18-13
isentropic efficiency, 26-7
jockey, 67-7
life, 19-6
makeup, 67-7
mixed-flow, 18-4 (ftn)
nonclog, 18-5
overall efficiency, 18-9
overload, 67-8
performance curve, 18-16
positive displacement, 19-5
power, 18-7
power factors, sludge, 18-5
power, sludge, 18-5
power vs. specific gravity, 18-5
pressure-maintenance, 67-7
rated capacity, 67-8
rated head, 67-8
sewage, 18-4
shaft loading, 18-11
shutoff, 67-8
similarity, 18-20
sludge, 18-5
velocity ratio, 18-3
vertical submersible turbine, 67-7
wastewater, 18-5
work, actual and ideal, 26-7
Pumping
hydrocarbon, 18-21
other liquids, 18-20
Pumps
in parallel, 18-18
in series, 18-18
PD, 18-2
Punch press, 59-3
Punching, 65-7
Punitive damages, 75-6, 75-7
Purchase order, 75-3

Pure
condensing, 26-12 (ftn)
humidification, 38-7
substance, phases, 23-2
tone, 73-4
translation, 58-2
PV cell, 31-4
PVC pipe, 16-9, A-36, A-37, A-38, A-39
dimensions, A-36, A-37, A-38, A-39
Pyramid, rectangular, 66-5 (fig)
Pyritic sulfur, 21-4
Pyrolysis, 68-18
Pythagorean theorem, 6-2
Pe clet number, 1-9 (tbl)

Q
Quad (unit), 22-1
Quadplex chain, 59-17
Quadrants, 6-3
signs of functions, 6-3
Quadratic equation, 3-3, 7-9
Quality, 23-9
acceptance plan, 63-25
break-even, 74-38 (fig)
circle, 63-30
control, 63-22
control circle, 63-30
factor, 62-10
factor, joint, 16-10
lot, 63-25
of boiler feedwater, 20-23
Quantitative business analysis, 63-1
Quantity
economic order, 74-43
ideal, 21-9
of light, 73-2
stoichiometric, 21-9
Quarter
-bridge, 64-11
-wave symmetry, 9-7 (tbl)
Quartile, 11-12
Quartz, 47-18
-crystal transducer, 15-2
Quasiequilibrium, 24-2
process, 24-2
Quasistatic process, 24-2
Quenching, 49-6
Queue, 63-6
Queuing theory, 63-6
Quick ratio, 74-35

R
R
-control chart, 11-16, 63-22
-value, 34-4
R-12
pressure-enthalpy diagram, A-79,
A-82, A-98
saturated, properties, A-75, A-76, A-80,
A-81, A-96, A-97
superheated, properties, A-77, A-78
R-134a (see also HFC-134a), A-83
R-22
pressure-enthalpy diagram, A-101
saturated, properties, A-99, A-100
Race
bearing, 54-22
tail, 18-24
Rad, 6-1 (ftn)
Radial
cam, 59-12
clearance, 54-25
component, 57-9
conduction, composite cylinder, 34-9
conduction, hollow cylinder, 34-9
conduction, spherical shell, 34-12
distance, 70-3
duct system, 41-13
fan, 41-6
flow impeller, 18-4, 66-18

flow turbine, 18-22, 18-23


force, helical gear, 54-13
interference, 53-6
load, equivalent, 54-23
load, equivalent design, 54-23
strain, 53-6
tip fan, 41-6
velocity, 57-9
Radian, 6-1
hyperbolic, 6-5
Radiant
heat transfer coefficient, 37-4
superheater, 26-13
Radiation, 34-2
absorbed dose, 6-1 (ftn)
conservation law, 37-1
emissivity, A-136
heat transfer, net, 37-3
Kirchhoffs law, 37-1
loss, 21-16
nocturnal, 37-7
reciprocity theorem for, 37-4
solar, 37-7
thermal, 37-1
with reflection, 37-4
Radiator
effectiveness, 34-17
efficiency, 34-17
ideal, 37-1
Radical, 20-4
Radiographic inspection, 55-11
pressure vessel, 55-11
Radiography, 48-12
Radioisotope thermoelectric generator, 31-9
Radius
-to-diameter ratio, 41-19
centerline, 41-19
critical, 34-11
critical, insulation, 34-11
etching, 65-6
geometric mean, 59-4
hydraulic, 16-5
hydraulic, hopper, 66-7
of gyration, 50-6, 53-2, 56-2, A-147
of gyration, least, 50-6
throat, 41-19
Radix, 12-1
Radon, 68-19
Rail
power, 44-6
supply, 44-6
Raimondi and Boyd method, 54-26
Rain, acid, 68-5
Rainwater runoff, 68-19
highway, 68-19
Rake angle, 65-2
Ram, hydraulic, 15-14, 19-8
Ramp unit, 61-2
Random
error, 64-2
number, 63-32
number, complementary, 63-32
number, generator, 63-32
number technique, complementary, 63-33
Range, 11-13, 26-11, 39-2
comfort, 40-6
cooling, 39-2
error limits, 64-7
explosive, 67-21
flammable, 67-21
stress, 52-6
throttling, 44-5
water, 39-2
Rank
column, 4-5 (ftn)
matrix, 4-5
percentile, 11-12
row, 4-5 (ftn)
Rankine
cycle, 27-3
cycle, with regeneration, 27-6

I-49

air-to-cloth, 71-5
amplitude, 60-11, 60-19
aspect, 17-40
aspect, duct, 41-17
aspect, particle, 70-5
back work, 29-5
benefit-cost, 74-16
beta, 17-29
chip thickness, 65-2
circulation, 29-8
coil sensible heat, 43-7
common, 3-11
compression, 28-2, 28-5, 28-11,
28-12, 32-4
compression, isentropic, 28-4
contact, 54-11
corona current, 71-9
corona power, 71-9
critical, 25-4
critical back pressure, 25-12
critical density, 25-4
critical pressure, 25-4
critical temperature, 25-4
current, 74-35
cut-off, 28-11, 28-12
damping, 60-9
design pressure, 25-5
dimension, 67-4
eccentricity, bearing, 54-25
effective sensible heat, 38-7
elongation, 70-5
endurance, 48-9
energy efficiency, 22-6 (ftn), 33-3, 43-2
error, 62-4
fatigue, 48-9
feedback, 62-4
filter, 71-5
first critical pressure, 25-13
fuel-air, 28-3
gear, 59-6, 59-16
grand sensible heat, 38-7, 43-7
gross air-to-cloth, 71-5
humidity, 38-2
induction, 41-30
isentropic compression, 28-4
isentropic pressure, 28-4
lead, worm, 54-15
length, 17-45
lever, 60-8
liquid-gas, venturi scrubber, 71-21
loading, 66-8
material-air, 66-8
mesh, 59-6
modular, 51-20
net air-to-cloth, 71-5
nitrogen-oxygen, 21-8
of compression, 32-4 (ftn)
of concentration, 39-3
of exceedance, 11-12
of perimeter lengths, 70-6
of specific heat, 15-13, 25-4
of specific heats, 23-8
of transformation, 72-6
Palmgren-Miner cycle, 52-8
Poissons, 48-4
power-to-heat, 29-9
pressure, 23-11, 28-12, 32-1, 66-7
pressure, isentropic, 28-4
price-earnings, 74-36
primary feedback, 62-4
radius-to-diameter, 41-19
room sensible heat, 43-6, 43-8
room sensible heat ratio, 38-7
saturation, 38-2
seasonal energy efficiency, 43-5
second critical pressure, 25-13
sensible heat, 38-7, 43-6
sensible heat ratio, coil, 38-7
sensible-total, 38-7
slenderness, 53-3
speed, 59-6, 59-16
spray, 38-10
standard dimension, 67-4

cycle, with reheat, 27-5


cycle, with superheat, 27-4
scale, 23-5
Ranking alternatives, 74-17
Raoults law, 14-16
Rapper, 71-8
Rare earth, 20-4
Rarefaction shock wave, 25-13
Rasouli and Williams model, 25-15
Rat-holing, 66-6
Ratcheting, 55-7
thermal stress, 55-7
Rate
arithmetic growth, 3-11
average annual growth, 3-11
bleed, 26-8
constant growth, 3-11
creep, 48-16
cut-off, 62-10
exponential growth, 74-4
extraction, 26-8
failure, 63-9
growth, 3-11
heat, 26-5, 27-2
heat generation, 34-16
heat release, 71-15
hopper discharge, 66-7
linear growth, 3-11
metal removal, 65-3
nominal interest, 74-28
of change, 8-1
of cooling, 49-6
of quenching, 49-6
of reaction, 20-13
of return, 74-4, 74-12, 74-14, 74-17
of return, external, 74-12
of return, internal, 74-12
of return method, 74-17
of return, minimum attractive, 74-16
of shear formation, 14-6, 14-7
of strain, 14-6
per annum, 74-28
plant heat, 26-5
precipitation, 71-9
procedure, ventilation, 40-2
production, 63-18, 63-19
reaction, 20-13
recharge, 68-12
sedimentation, 70-3
shear, 14-6, 17-14
specific air, 66-8
spring, 53-20, 54-2
station, 26-5, 27-2
steam, 26-16
superelevation, 58-8
thermal capacity, 36-20
water, 26-16
Rated
capacity, pump, 67-8
head, pump, 67-8
life, 19-6
value, motor, 72-13
value, pump, 18-16
Rating
basic life, 54-23
basic static load, 54-23
continuous duty, 28-4
dynamic load, 54-23
factor, 39-2
intermittent, 28-4
life, bearing, 54-23
load rating, 54-23
net, 21-17
noise reduction, 73-12
point, fan, 41-9 (ftn)
pressure, 19-4
pressure, pipe, 67-4
table, fan, 41-8
waviness spacing, 2-4
waviness width, 2-4
Ratio
actuating signal, 62-4
air-fuel, 21-9, 28-3

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

INDEX - R

I N D E X

I-50

M E C H A N I C A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - R

stress, 66-7
test, 3-12
third critical pressure, 25-13
throw, 41-30
train, 59-6
turndown, 26-3, 26-14
velocity, 59-6, 59-16
velocity, gear, 54-11
volume, 23-11
Rational
function, 62-3
number, 3-1
Rationalization, 3-8
Ray, 6-1 (ftn)
Rayl unit, 73-6
Rayleigh
equation, 60-16 (ftn)
flow, 25-20
flow factors, A-108
line, 25-20
number, 35-3
-Ritz equation, 60-16 (ftn)
Rayleighs method, 60-8
Reactance, 72-5
capacitive, 72-6
fluid, 19-12
Reactant, 20-7
limiting, 20-8
Reaction, 45-7, 49-3 (tbl)
chemical, 20-7
combustion, 21-9
determinate, 45-8
dynamic, 58-5 (ftn)
endothermic, 20-18
enthalpy of, 20-17, 20-18
equilibrium, types of, 49-3 (tbl)
eutectic, 49-3
exothermic, 20-18
ideal, combustion, 21-9 (tbl)
kinetics, 20-13
order, 20-13
rate, 20-13
rate constant, 20-13, 71-7
rate, zero order, 20-13
reversible, 20-12
site, 47-15
speed of, 20-13
stoichiometric, 20-8
turbine, 18-22, 18-23, 26-8
velocity, 20-13
Reactive
metal, 47-13
power, 72-7
substance, 68-2
Reactor
advanced boiling water, 30-2
advanced light water, 30-2
advanced water-cooled, 30-2
beltline, 30-2
boiling water, 30-2
breeder, 30-1 (ftn)
light-water, 30-1
liquid metal fast breeder, 30-1
moderated, 30-1
nuclear, 30-1
pressurized water, 30-1
reformer, 31-7
safe integral, 30-2
simplified boiling water, 30-2
tank, 71-7
Reagent, 65-6
Real
body, 37-1
fluid, 14-2
gas, 23-2, 23-20
gas, equation of state, 23-20
losses, 72-17, 72-18
machine, 22-6
number, 3-1
power, 72-7
transition, 63-34
Rebound, 58-17
angle, 58-17

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

R E F E R E N C E

M A N U A L

height, 58-17
test, 48-14
velocity, 58-17
Receipt, 74-3
Receivable
average age, 74-35
turnover, 74-35
Receiver
reflux pool-boiling, 31-3 (ftn)
tank, 32-2
Recharge rate, 68-12
Reciprocating
compressor, 32-1, 32-2
pump, 18-2
Reciprocity theorem for radiation, 37-4
Recirculating
air bypass, 43-6 (fig)
atmosphere, closed, 40-11
Recirculation
air, 39-1
flue gas, 71-10
of cleaned air, 40-11
Recovery, 48-3
closed-loop, 71-4
depreciation, 74-26
leachate, 68-13
method, capital, 74-15, 74-16
open-loop, 71-4
solvent, 71-3, 71-4
stage, 49-8
Recrystallization, 49-8
stage, 49-8, 49-9
temperature, 49-8
Rectangular
coordinate system, 7-3
duct, 41-17
fin, finite, 34-19
form, 3-7
form, vector, 5-2
hyperbola, 7-12
moment of inertia, 50-3
pyramid, 66-6 (fig)
rosette, 64-12
Rectified sinusoid, 72-5
Rectifier, 33-8
Rectilinear system, 57-2
Rectum, latus, 7-10, 7-11
Recuperative
heat exchanger, 36-10 (ftn)
heater, 26-16
Recuperator, 33-8
Recurrent state, 63-35
Recycle air, 39-1
Recycling plastics, 68-18
Red
hardness, 47-6 (ftn), 65-4
mud, 47-11
primer, 16-11
Redesign cycle, 26-17
Reduced
-coke process, 47-5
equation, 10-1
plan, 63-26
properties, 23-20
-standard plan, 63-20
variable, 23-20
Reducible state, 63-35
Reducing
flame, 65-12
trunk system, 41-13
Reduction
in area, 48-6
linear equation, 3-7
noise, 73-11
Redundancy, 63-9
degree of, 46-1
reliability, 11-9
Redundant
member, 45-7, 45-13
system, 11-9
view, 2-2
Reference
duration, 73-12

inertial frame of, 57-10


temperature, 64-6
value, 62-13
Reflectance, 73-3
Reflected, regularly, 73-4
Reflection
angle, 73-4
diffuse, 73-4
light, 73-4
radiation with, 37-4
specular, 73-4
Reflex angle, 6-1
Reflux pool-boiling receiver, 31-3 (ftn)
Reformer, 31-7
reactor, 31-7
Reforming internal fuel, 31-8
Reformulated gasoline, 21-7
Refracted light, 73-4
Refractoriness, 65-8
Refractory
ash, 21-3
material, 37-4
metal, 47-13
Refrigerant, 33-2
12 (also see R-12), A-75
line, 33-10
Refrigeration, 33-1
capacity, 33-3
cycle, air, 33-6
cycle, Carnot, 33-3, 33-4
cycle, heat-activated, 33-7
cycle, heat-driven, 33-7
effect, 33-3
load, 43-1 (ftn)
ton, 1-7, 33-3
Refroidissement, 49-4 (ftn)
Refuse, 21-4
-derived fuel, 21-4, 71-15
Refutas equation, 14-16
Regain, static, 41-19
Regenerating solution, 20-22
Regeneration, 20-22
effectiveness, 29-7
Rankine cycle, 27-6
Regenerative
air preheater, 26-16
cycle, 27-6
heat exchanger, 36-10 (ftn)
Regenerator, 28-12 (ftn), 28-13 (ftn), 29-6
efficiency, 29-7
Regime
flow, 25-12
subsonic flow, 14-15 (ftn)
Region
elastic, 48-3
feasible, 63-13
null, 7-3
proportional, 48-3
transition, 16-7
void, 7-3
Register, 41-29
pressure, 41-30
Regression
linear, 11-16
nonlinear curves, 11-17
Regula falsi method, 13-2 (ftn)
Regular
function, 8-1
lay, 53-22, 66-3
Regularly reflected, 73-4
Regulating system, 62-13
Regulation
of turbines, 26-16, 26-17
speed, 72-12
voltage, 72-12
Regulator, 62-13
-lubricator, filter-, 19-8
Reheat, 43-9
control, 44-1
cycle, 27-5
factor, 27-6
multiple, 26-14
Rankine cycle, 27-5

single-stage, 30-2
temperature, 26-14
turbine, 26-9
Reheater, 26-13
moisture separator, 30-1
Reid vapor pressure, 68-10
Reinforced concrete pipe, 16-10
Reinforcement
integral, 55-16
limit of, 55-17
opening, 55-14
Rejectable quality level, 63-26
Rejector, heat, 28-12
Related angle, 6-1
functions of, 6-3
Relations
Maxwell, 24-6
thermodynamic, basic, 24-6
Relationship, Gerber parabolic, 52-7
Relative
abundance, 20-2
acceleration, 57-10
atomic weight, 20-2
bonus, 63-21
dispersion, 11-13
earnings, 63-20, 63-21
efficiency, 28-3
fraction, 74-31
humidity, 38-2
importance, 74-31
motion, 57-10
paddle velocity, 66-18
permittivity, 71-9
position, 57-10
risk, 74-35
roughness, 17-5
stability, 62-11
time, 34-5
velocity, 57-10
velocity difference, 17-35
Relay, 44-1
logic, 44-6
logic, Boolean, 44-6
logic diagram, 44-6
Release valve, air, 16-12
Reliability, 11-9, 63-9, 64-2
experiment, 11-12
parallel, 11-9
serial, 11-9
Reliable measurement, 64-2
Relief
angle, 65-2
device, pressure, 16-12
drain, 68-12
valve, 16-12
valve, safety, 16-12
Relieving capacity, 55-21
Reloading curve, 48-7
Reluctance, 64-4 (ftn)
Remainder method, 12-1
Remedial maintenance, 63-10 (ftn)
Remediation, 68-20
Removal
efficiency, biofilter, 71-7
efficiency, cyclone, 66-14
efficiency, ESP, 71-9
odor, 40-7
of heat, ventilation, 40-8
Renewable energy source, 31-1
Renewal, 63-11, 74-14 (ftn)
Repair, mean time to, 63-9
Repayment loan, 74-4
Rephosphorized steel, 47-5, 47-6
Replacement, 20-7, 63-11
/retirement analysis, 74-4
sampling with, 11-3
sampling without, 11-3
study, 74-18
Report, environmental impact, 68-3
Repose, angle of, 58-6, 66-5
Repowering, 26-8 (ftn), 29-10
Representation number, 12-1

Required
head thickness, 55-13 (tbl)
wall thickness of cylindrical
shell, 55-12 (tbl)
Reradiation, 37-4
Research
and development cost, 74-33
octane number, 21-7
Reserve
cold, 26-16
hot, 26-16
spinning, 26-16
Reservoir, 24-11
heat, 24-11
high-temperature, 24-11
liquid-dominated, 31-7
low-temperature, 24-11
modeling, 61-7
multiple, 17-22
sink, 24-11
source, 24-11
thermal, 33-1 (ftn)
three, 17-22
vapor-dominated, 31-6
Reset, proportional action with
automatic, 44-5
Residence time, particle, 70-3, 71-9
Residual
fuel oil, 21-6
gas, 32-3
value, 74-16
Resilience, 48-7
modulus of, 48-7, 52-4
Resilient material, 48-7
Resin ion exchange, 20-22
Resistance (see also type), 34-4
Atkinson, 41-32
baghouse, 71-5
coefficient, Euler, 66-14
contact, 34-7 (ftn)
electrical, 72-2
electrical bridge, 64-9
electrical contact, 34-7 (ftn)
electrical, flow, 61-7
electrical motion, 14-2
electrical, rolling, 58-8
electrical shear, 14-1
electrical temperature detector, 64-5
electrical thermal, 34-4
electrical thermal, coefficient of, 64-6
flow, 71-5
fluid, 19-9
hydraulic, 19-9
hydraulic, power, 19-9
knock, 21-6
pitting, gear, 54-14
pneumatic, 19-9
pressure, 41-8
specific, 71-5
thermal, 34-13, 42-2 (ftn)
thermometer, 64-5
total, 42-2
unit, 42-2
Resisting
moment, 51-8 (ftn)
shear, 51-8 (ftn)
Resistivity
electrical, 64-6, 72-2
particle, 71-9
Resistor, 61-8, 72-2, 72-3, 72-5
variable, 64-3
Resolution, 3-6
of frequency analysis, 9-8
Resonance, 60-11
fluid system, 19-12
Resonant frequency, panel, 73-11
Resource-recovery plant, 71-14
Respirable fraction, 68-9
Respiration, heat of foodstuffs, 34-4
Response, 61-1
20 kHz, 73-6
curve, 73-6

I-51

dynamic, 51-8, 54-8


equation, 62-14
flat, 73-6
forced, 62-1, 62-2
frequency, 62-2 (ftn), 62-10, 62-11
function, 61-1
homogeneous, 62-1
initial condition, 62-1
linear, 73-6
natural, 62-1
sinusoidal, 62-2
static, 51-8
steady-state, 62-2
time, 62-2 (ftn)
total, 62-2
transient, 62-2
unforced, 62-1
unit step, 62-2
unweighted, 73-6
variable, 61-2
Restitution, coefficient of, 58-17
Restricted orifice, 67-5
Resulfurized steel, 47-5, 47-6
Result
highly significant, 11-14
Kutta-Joukowsky, 17-41
significant, 11-14
Resultant
acceleration, 57-8, 57-14
force, equivalent, 45-4
shear, 53-17
vector, 5-2, 5-3
Resuperheater, 26-13
Retainer
ball bearing, 54-22
fee, 75-5
Retard chamber, 67-5
Retentivity, 71-3
Retirement analysis, 74-4
Retort, 26-3
stoking, 26-3
Retrofitting, 26-17
Return
air fan, 41-31
air system, 41-21, 41-31
external rate of, 74-12
internal rate of, 74-12
minimum attractive rate of, 74-16
on investment, 74-11, 74-14, 74-36
rate of, 74-4, 74-12, 74-14
Revenue, 74-34
Reverberant
field, 73-6
room, 73-6
Reverberatory furnace, 47-10
Reverse
-bias, 64-5 (ftn)
-flow cyclone, 66-12
-flow cyclone separator, 66-12
transfer function, 62-4
Reversed effective force, 58-5 (ftn)
Reversible
adiabatic, isentropic, closed system, 24-9
adiabatic process, 24-9
process, 24-3
reaction, 20-12, 20-13
reaction kinetics, 20-13
Reverted gear set, 59-5
and compound gears, 59-6 (fig)
Revolution
surface of, 9-5, 50-3 (fig)
volume of, 9-5, 50-3 (fig)
Reyn, 54-24
Reynolds number, 1-9 (tbl), 16-7, 35-3, 36-2
condensation, 35-9
critical, 16-7, 36-3
factor, 17-14
film, 35-9
mixing, 66-18
similarity, 17-46
Rheogram, 14-7
Rheopectic fluid, 14-7
Rheostat, 72-2

P P I

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INDEX - R

I N D E X

I-52

M E C H A N I C A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - S

Rich-quench-lean combustion, 29-3


Right
angle, 6-1
circular cone formula, A-9
circular cylinder, A-9
distributive law, 4-4
-hand bit, 12-3
-hand rule, 5-4, 45-3
triangle, 6-2
Righting moment, 15-16
Rigid
body, 57-1, 58-10
body motion, 58-2
truss, 45-12
Rigidity, 51-2, 51-3
modulus, 48-8
Rim, flywheel, 59-4, 59-5 (fig)
Rimmed steel, 47-5
Ring
flange, 55-17
gear, 59-6
permutation, 11-2
piezometer, 15-2 (ftn)
rotating, 59-3
slip, 64-8 (ftn)
stiffness, 16-11
Ringelmann scale, 21-12
Rise, 26-11, 41-30
in temperature, 22-4
time, 62-2
Riser, 26-4, 65-8, 67-7
base, 67-19
dry, 67-5
pressure, hydraulic, 67-19
system, 67-7
Risk, 11-14, 63-25
alpha, 11-14
analysis, 74-44
assessment, 63-27
beta, 11-15
consumer, 11-15
-free investment, 74-11
producer, 11-14
Rivet, 53-10
rms value, 72-5
Roadway banking, 58-8
Rocket, 58-19
Rockwell
A scale, 48-13
B scale, 48-13
C scale, 48-13
hardness test, 48-13
Rod, slider, 57-14
Rohsenow equation, 14-11
Roll (verb), 15-17 (ftn), 58-2
forming, 65-13
Roller
bearing, 54-22
chain, 59-15 (fig)
chain drive, 59-16
chain properties, 59-15 (tbl)
chain properties, standard, 59-15 (tbl)
lifter, 59-12
support, 45-7
Rolling
friction, coefficient of, 58-8
resistance, 58-8
resistance, coefficient of, 58-8
Rooftop unit, 41-3
Room
anechoic, 73-6
clean, 40-11
constant, 73-10
reverberant, 73-6
sensible heat ratio, 38-7, 43-6, 43-8
technology, clean, 40-11
transfer function, 43-3
Root, 3-3, 13-1
double, 3-3
extraneous, 3-4
finding, 13-1

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R E F E R E N C E

M A N U A L

-locus diagram, 62-12


-mean-square speed, 23-17
-mean-square value, 11-12, 72-5
Rope, 45-11
haulage, 66-2
hoisting, extra flexible, 66-2
structural, 66-3
transmission, 66-2
wire, 66-2, 66-3
Roping, 66-4
Rosette, strain gauge, 64-8
Rotameter, 17-27
Rotary
action pump, 18-2, 18-3
actuator, 19-8 (ftn)
feeder, 66-8
positive-displacement
compressor, 32-1 (ftn)
Rotating
body, 59-3 (fig)
compressor, 32-1
disk, 59-3
fluid, 59-4
fluid mass, 59-4
hub, 59-4
machine, electrical, 72-12
member, velocity, power, and
torque, 54-10
ring, 59-3
solid disk, 59-3
Rotation, 57-7
about a fixed axis, 58-2
axis of, 58-2
free, 60-5
of axis, 50-7
of fluid mass, 15-19
pipe bundle, 71-19
Rotational
particle motion, 57-7
symmetry, 7-4
system modeling, 61-5
Rotor
concentrator, 71-4
cross-wind horizontal-axis, 31-4 (ftn)
Darrieus, 31-4
Davonius, 31-4 (ftn)
flywheel, 59-5
head-on, 31-4
horizontal-axis, 31-4
motor, 72-14
vertical-axis, 31-4
wind-axis, 31-4
Rough-pipe flow, 17-5
Roughness
coefficient, 17-8
height, 2-4
height index, 2-4
relative, 17-5
sampling length, 2-4
specific, 17-5 (tbl), A-48
weight, 2-4
width, 2-4
width cutoff, 2-4
Roundness, 70-5
Wadells, 70-5
Routh
criterion, 62-12
table, 62-12
Roving, 47-20 (ftn)
Row
canonical form, 4-2
equivalent, 4-2
equivalent matrix, 4-2
matrix, 4-1
operation, elementary, 4-2
rank, 4-5 (ftn)
-reduced echelon form, 4-2
-reduced echelon matrix, 4-1
RSHR, 43-6, 43-8
Rth-order difference, 3-10
Rubbish, 21-4
Rule, 76-1
2-inch, 41-22

80%, 72-9
Amagat-Luducs, 23-18
Cramers, 3-7, 4-7
cumulative usage factor, 52-8
derived from, 68-3
Gibbs, 23-19
Gibbs phase, 49-3
LHo pitals, 3-9
Le Cha teliers mixing, 67-21
level, 38-5
lever, 49-2
Miners, 52-8
mixture, 68-3
octave, 60-19
of professional conduct, 76-1
of signs, Descartes, 3-4
right-hand, 5-4, 45-3
Simpsons, 7-2
six nines, 71-13
statutory, 76-1
trapezoidal, 7-1
Rules, SI system, 1-5
Run-of
-mine coal, 21-5
-the-nut method, 53-13
Runaway speed, 17-36
Rung, ladder, 44-6
Runner, turbine, 18-21
Runoff, 68-19
Runout duct, 41-13
Rupture
angle of, 48-8
disk, 55-20
Mohrs theory of, 48-8
strength, 48-16

S
s
-chart, 63-22
-glass, 47-20
-plane, 62-8
S corporation, 75-3
S-N curve, 48-9
S & T heat exchanger, 36-10
Sabin, 73-10
area, 73-10
Sacrificial anode, 20-18
Saddle point, 7-2
SAE
grade, 54-24
hydraulic fluid, 19-3
Safe
integral reactor, 30-2
spring stress, 54-4
Safeguard, machine, 63-31
Safety
factor of, 52-1
margin of, 52-1
relief valve, 16-12, 55-20
risk assessment, 63-27
valve, 16-12
valve, full-lift, 16-12
valve, high-lift, 16-12
valve, low-lift, 16-12
Sal soda, 65-4
Salary plus fee, 75-5
Salinity, 20-9
Salometer scale, 14-5 (ftn)
Salt crevice, 20-23
Salvage value, 74-18
Sample, 11-3
space, event, 11-3
standard deviation, 11-13 (ftn)
variance, 11-13
whole air, 70-1
Sampler
air, 70-3
air, collection efficiency, 70-4
centrifugal air, 70-3
cyclone, 70-3
Sampling, 11-2
emissions, 70-1

plan, single, A-158


points, traverse, 70-2 (fig)
stratified, 63-32
with replacement, 11-3
without replacement, 11-3
work, 63-18
Sand
blasting, 65-13
core, 65-8
dry, 65-8
filter bed, 68-20
green, 65-8
molding, 65-8
Sandwiched plane, 34-7
SAP alloy, 47-18
Sathes heat exchanger, 36-10
Satisfier, 63-29
Saturated
air, 38-2
hydrocarbon, 21-2
liquid, 23-2
liquid line, 23-3
liquid properties, 23-13
polymer, 47-15
properties, A-96, A-97
R-12 properties, A-75, A-76, A-80, A-81,
A-96, A-97
R-22 properties, A-99, A-100
solution, 20-10
steam properties, A-62, A-63, A-64, A-84,
A-85, A-86
vapor, 23-2
vapor line, 23-3
vapor properties, 23-14
water, thermal properties, A-122, A-123
Saturation
concentration (gas in liquid), 20-9
degree of, 38-2
efficiency, 38-10
polymer, 47-15
pressure, 14-9
process, adiabatic, 38-10
ratio, 38-2
table, using, 23-10
temperature, 23-4
values of dissolved oxygen in water, A-58
venturi feeder, 66-8
Sauters diameter, 70-5
Saybolt
Seconds Furol (SSF), 14-6
Seconds Universal (SSU), 14-6 (ftn),
18-2 (ftn)
seconds universal, conversions, 19-2 (ftn)
universal viscosity, 54-24
viscometer, 14-6 (ftn)
Scalar, 5-1
matrix, 4-1
multiplication, 4-4
product, triple, 5-5
Scale, 20-21 (ftn), 54-2
absolute temperature, 23-4, 23-5
API, 14-5
Baume , 14-5
Kelvin, 23-5
model, 17-45
Mohs, 48-13
parameter, 11-8
phon, 73-9
Rankine, 23-5
Ringelmann, 21-12
Rockwell A, 48-13
Rockwell B, 48-13
Rockwell C, 48-13
sone, 73-9
spring, 53-20, 64-14
Scaling, 26-13, 36-17
constant, 71-6 (tbl)
laws, 18-20
Scavenging, 28-2
oxygen, 20-23
SCFM, 41-2
Schedule, pipe, 16-9, 16-10, 67-6
Schedule-40 pipe, 16-10 (ftn)

Schmidt number, 1-9 (tbl)


Scleroscopic hardness test, 48-14
Scratch hardness test, 48-13
Screen, 66-15
Screening, pea coal, 21-5
Screw
and screw jacks, power, 59-1, 59-2
conveyor, 66-7
feeder, 66-7
lead, 59-2
overhauling, 59-2
power, 59-2
self-locking, 59-2
with collar, 59-2 (fig)
Screwed fitting, 17-12 (ftn)
Scroll
compressor, 33-8
pump, 33-8
Scrubber, 40-11, 71-2
atomizing, 71-20
venturi, 71-20
wet, 71-2
Scrubbing, 71-20
advanced, 21-5
chemical, 71-20
dry, 71-20
semi-dry, 71-20
SDCFM, 41-2
SDOF system, 60-2, 61-2
SDR, 67-4
Seal, 71-18
class, 41-22
double, 71-18
material, 19-3 (ftn)
mechanical, 71-18
single, 71-18
tandem, 71-18
Seam, 55-2 (ftn)
girth, 55-8 (ftn)
welded, 55-2 (ftn)
Seamless
pipe, 65-13 (fig)
shell, 55-3
steel boiler tubing dimensions, A-47
Seasonal
cooling energy, 43-5
energy efficiency ratio, 43-2, 43-5
Secant
bulk modulus, 14-14
formula, 53-4
hyperbolic, 6-5
method, 13-2 (ftn)
modulus, 48-4
Second
acceleration, 59-12
area moment, 50-4
back pressure ratio, 25-13
critical pressure ratio, 25-13
critical shaft speed, 60-17
derivative, 8-1
law of cosines, 6-6
law of thermodynamics, 23-7 (ftn), 24-12
moment of a function, 9-6
moment of the area, 50-4
-order differential equation, 10-1
-order homogeneous, 10-3
-order linear, 10-3
Secondary
air, 26-3
combustion chamber, 71-13
creep, 48-16
loop, 30-1
stress, 55-6
Section, 2-4
conic, 7-8, 7-9
cross, 2-4 (ftn)
dangerous, 51-11
drawing, 2-3
method of, 45-15
modulus, 50-7, 51-11
Sectioning, cut, 2-4
Sector, A-7
Sedimentation rate, 70-3

I-53

Seebeck
coefficient, 31-9
effect, 64-7
Seed, random number, 63-32
SEER, 43-2
Segmental baffle, 36-12
Segmented chip, 65-1
Selective
catalytic reduction, 68-15, 71-21
leaching, 20-19
noncatalytic reduction, 71-22
surface coating, 31-2
Selectivity classification, 66-15
Selenide, cadmium, 64-5
Self
-aligning bearing, 54-22
-energizing brake, 54-18
-limiting stress, 55-6
-locking brake, 54-18
-locking screw, 59-2
-regulating heat tape, 34-21
-regulating plan, 63-21
Semi
-dry scrubbing, 71-20
-infinite solid, 34-14
-killed steel, 47-5
-variable cost, 74-32
Semimajor distance, 7-11
Semiminor distance, 7-11
Semipermeable membrane, 14-10
Semivertex angle, 25-12
Sending unit, 64-3 (ftn)
Sense, 5-1
Sensible
cooling, 38-8
heat, 23-8, 40-8
heat factor, 38-7, 43-6
heat ratio, 38-7, 43-6
heat ratio, coil, 38-7
heat ratio, effective, 38-7
heat ratio, grand, 38-7
heat ratio, room, 38-7
heating, 38-8
-total ratio, 38-7
Sensitivity, 11-12, 62-5, 64-2
analysis, 63-13, 74-44
fatigue notch, 48-10
Sensitization, 47-9
Sensor, 44-1, 64-3
vibration, 60-21
Separable, first-order, 10-2, 10-3
Separation
factor, 71-8
force, bevel gear, 54-15
force, helical gear, 54-13
mesh, 66-14
of terms, 9-3
sprinkler, 67-11
Separator
air cyclone, 66-12
ball bearing, 54-22
cyclone, 66-12
gas cyclone, 66-12
inertial, 68-9, 71-7
moisture, 30-1
vortex, 66-12
Sequence, 3-10
arithmetic, 3-11
convergent, 3-10
divergent, 3-10
geometric, 3-11
harmonic, 3-11
p-, 3-11
standard, 3-11
Sequential combustion, 29-2
Serial
reliability, 11-9
system, 11-9
Series, 3-11
arithmetic, 3-12
circuit, electrical, 72-3
expansion, 8-8
finite, 3-11

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INDEX - S

I N D E X

I-54

M E C H A N I C A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - S

Fourier, 9-6
galvanic, 20-18 (tbl)
geometric, 3-12
harmonic, 3-12
hydrocarbon, 21-2
infinite, 3-11, 74-7
Maclaurin, 8-8
methane, 21-2
naphthalene, 21-2
of alternating sign, 3-13
olefin, 21-2
paraffin, 21-2
pipe, 17-20
power, 8-8
pumps in, 18-18
spring, 53-20
Taylors, 8-8
Serpentine belt, 54-17
Server, 63-6, 63-7
Service
application, pressure vessel, 55-3
factor, 42-4, 58-7 (ftn), 72-13
factor, chain drive, 59-17
factor, gear drive, 54-12
factor, motor, 18-10
factor, V-belt, 54-17
life, 74-20
life, chain drive, 59-17
load, 53-2
pressure vessel, 55-3
Servomechanism, 62-13
Set, 11-1
associative law, 11-2
commutative law, 11-2
complement, 11-1
complement law, 11-1, 11-2
de Morgans law, 11-2
disjoint, 11-1
distributive law, 11-2
element, 11-1
gear, 54-11
idempotent law, 11-1
identity law, 11-1
intersection, 11-1
laws, 11-1
leaf, 54-9
member, 11-1
null, 11-1
permanent, 48-3
point, 20-22, 44-2
-point pressure, 55-20
simple gear, 59-5
solar gear, 59-7
star gear, 59-7
union, 11-1
universal, 11-1
worm gear, 54-15
Setback, thermostat, 42-7
Setting, 26-4
pressure, 55-20
Settleable solid, 71-25
Settling
time, 44-2, 62-2
velocity, 17-43, 70-3
Severability, 75-4
Sewage pump, 18-4
Sewer pipe
concrete dimensions, A-40, A-41
dimensions and weights, A-40, A-41
PVC dimensions, A-37, A-38, A-39
Shading
coefficient, 43-4
factor, 31-2
Shadow tower, 31-4, 31-5
Shaft
critical speed, 66-19
critical speed, second, 60-17
design, 53-14
drive, 59-18
fundamental speed, 60-16
loading, pump, 18-11
propeller, 59-18
stepped, 60-5

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R E F E R E N C E

M A N U A L

twist, 48-8, 53-14


vibration, 60-15, 60-16
work, 24-5, 26-9
Shakedown, 55-7
Shaker table, 60-21
Shape
basic, 50-1, 50-4
factor, 34-21, 70-3, 70-5
factor, black body, 37-2, 37-4 (fig)
factor, gray body, 37-3
mensuration, A-7
modal, 60-19
of a fluid, 14-1
pile, 66-6 (fig)
Shaving wheel fan, 41-6
Shear, 51-8
angle, 65-2
beam load cell, 64-13
center, 53-17
center, thin-wall section, 53-17
diagram, 51-8
flow, 53-16
force of action, 53-17
formation, rate of, 14-6, 14-7
horizontal, 51-10
modulus, 48-8 (tbl), 51-2, 53-14
modulus of elasticity, 48-8
one-way, 51-8 (ftn)
panel, 46-12
rate, 14-6, 17-14
resistance, 14-1
resisting, 51-8 (ftn)
resultant, 53-17
single-double, 53-11
strain, 48-8
strength, 48-8
stress, 51-2
stress, beam, 51-10
stress, fluid, 14-6, 17-14
stress theory maximum, 52-3
velocity, 65-2
wind, 31-5
Shearing, 65-6
operation, 65-6
Sheave, 45-11
wire rope, 66-3
Shedding vortex, 41-31
Sheet metal gauges, 41-13
Shelf, 49-2
Shell, 36-10, 55-3
-and-tube heat exchanger, 36-10 (ftn)
efficiency of welded joint in, 55-11 (tbl)
fluid, 36-10
required wall thickness of
cylindrical, 55-12 (tbl)
seamless, 55-3
spherical, radial conduction, 34-12
torsion, 53-15
-type element, 55-3
Shells, method of, volume, 9-6
Shelter factor, 40-6
Sheltering coefficient, 40-6
Sheradizing, 65-14
Sherwood number, 1-9 (tbl)
Shewhart control chart, 63-22
Shield, 63-31
Shielded metal arc welding, 65-12
Shift, 63-23
Shock, 60-20
angle, 25-11
factor, normal, 25-10
impulse, 60-20
pulse, 60-20
table, normal, 25-10
transmission, 60-20
transmitted, 60-20
treatment, 26-13
wave, 25-9
wave factors, normal, A-106
wave, normal, 25-9
wave, oblique, 25-11
wave, oblique compression, 25-13
wave, weak, 25-11

Shoe, brake, 54-19


Shore hardness test, 48-14
Short
circuit, electrical, 72-2
-term exposure limit, 40-10
-term transaction, 74-3
ton, 1-7
Shot-peening, 49-10, 54-3
Shotting, 47-11
Shrink fit, 53-6
Shunt balance bridge, 64-9 (ftn)
Shutoff
point, pump, 18-16
pump, 67-8
service valve, 16-12
SI
base units, 1-5 (tbl)
conversion factor, A-3
derived units, 1-6
prefix, 1-7
system rules, 1-5
units, 1-5
Siamesed chain, 59-15
Sick building syndrome, 68-5
Side friction factor, 58-8
Siderite, 47-2 (ftn)
Sidewall sprinkler, 67-9
Sideways friction, 58-8
Sieder-Tate, 36-5
correlation, 36-5
equation, 36-6
Siemens, 72-2
Sieve, 66-15
diameter, 70-4, 70-5
Sieving, 66-15
Sigma
chart, 11-16, 63-22
factor, centrifuge, 70-4
phase (steel), 47-8 (ftn)
Sign
alternating, series of, 3-13
convention, thermal, 24-4
convention, thermodynamic, 27-1
of the function, 6-3
Signal
analyzer, 9-8
error, 62-4
input, 62-3
output, 62-3
Signature analysis, 9-8 (ftn)
Significance level, 11-14
Significant
bit, least, 12-1
bit, most, 12-1
digit, 3-1, 12-1
digit, least, 12-1
digit, most, 12-1
results, 11-14
results, highly, 11-14
Silica, 47-18
Siliceous-gel zeolite, 20-21
Silicon bronze, 47-13
Silo (see also Hopper), 66-7
Silver point, 64-6 (ftn)
Similar triangle, 6-2
Similarity, 17-45
dynamic, 17-45
fan, 41-10
geometric, 17-45
geometric, mixer, 66-17
law, pump, 18-20
mechanical, 17-45
partial, 17-47
Simple
cycle, 29-5
epicyclic gear set, 59-6 (fig)
gear set, 59-5
harmonic motion, 60-2
interest, 74-11, 74-40
pipe culvert, 17-19 (fig)
support, 45-7
Simplex
chain, 59-17

method, 63-12
pump, 18-2
Simplified boiling water reactor, 30-2
Simply supported, 45-7
Simpsons rule, 7-2
Simulated equilibrium, 58-5 (ftn)
Simulation, 63-32
Monte Carlo, 63-32
Simultaneous equations
linear, 3-6, 3-7
matrix, 4-6
solving, 3-7
Sine
coversed, 6-4
flipped, 6-4
function, integral, 9-8
hyperbolic, 6-4
law of, 6-5, 6-6
versed, 6-4
Single
acceptance plan, 63-25
-acting engine, 28-2
-acting pump, 18-2
-acting valve, 19-3
butt, 53-11 (ftn)
cyclone, 71-7
cyclone, double-vortex (inertial
separator), 71-7 (fig)
degree of freedom, 60-2
degree of freedom system, 60-2, 61-2
-duct system, 44-1
-effect evaporator, 26-15
interlock preaction system, 67-2
-pass heat exchanger, 36-10
payment cash flow, 74-3
payment present worth factor, 74-5
-point calibration, 64-2
proprietorship, 75-1
sampling plan, A-158
seal, 71-18
shear, 53-11
-stage compression, 32-3
-stage evaporator, 26-15
stage pump, 18-4
-stage reheat, 30-2
-stage turbine expansion, 26-9 (fig)
suction pump, 18-4
-zone ventilation, 40-3
Singular
matrix, 4-1, 4-5
point, 8-1, 8-3 (ftn)
Singularity, 4-5
function, 61-3
Sink, 33-1 (ftn)
energy, 17-15, 24-11
reservoir, 24-11
Sinking fund, 74-7
factor, 74-7
method, 74-22
Sintered carbide, 47-18, 65-4
Sintering, 47-18 (ftn), 65-11
Sinusoidal
response, decaying, 62-9
test, vibration, 60-21
Siphon, 17-20
air valve, 16-14
Six nines rule, 71-13
Size
critical particle, 66-14
cut-, 66-14, 71-8
cut-, cyclone, 66-14
cut-point, 70-3
dust, conventions, 68-9
equiprobable, 66-14
motor, 18-10, 19-6
reduction process, 66-9
Sizer particle, 70-4
Sizing
bolt, 65-7
furnace, 42-5
Skelp, 65-13
Skew symmetric matrix, 4-2

Skewness, 11-14
Fishers, 11-14
Pearsons, 11-14
SKF bearing, 54-22
Skin
friction, 17-5 (ftn), 17-41
friction coefficient, 17-5 (ftn), 36-4 (ftn)
friction loss, 17-4 (ftn)
Slab, 42-3
edge coefficient, 42-3
ground, 42-3
wrought iron, 47-11 (ftn)
Slack time, 63-3
Slag, 21-3, 29-2, 47-2
Slagging, 29-8
Slender column, 53-2
Slenderness ratio, 53-3
Slider rod, 57-14
assembly, 57-14
Sliding, 58-11
factor of safety, 15-11
plate viscometer test, 14-6
pressure operation, 26-17
vector, 5-1 (ftn)
Sling psychrometer, 38-10
Slip, 18-10
ammonia, 71-21 (ftn)
casting, 65-11
electrical, 72-14
pump, 18-3
ring, 64-8 (ftn)
Slipping, 58-11
Slope, 7-5, 8-1
-intercept form, 7-5
Slow-closing valve, 17-39
Sludge, 68-2 (ftn)
conditioner, 20-24
critical velocity, 18-5, 18-6
incineration, 71-17
pump, 18-5
pump power factors, 18-5
Slug, 1-3, A-3, A-4
Slurry, friction loss, 17-11
Slush ice, 23-2
Small angle approximation, 6-3
Smallest epicyclic gear, 59-8 (tbl)
SMAW, 65-12
Smear metal, 65-5
Smelting, 47-11
Smith
forging, 65-7
line, 52-7 (ftn)
Smog, 68-20
photochemical, 68-20
precursor, 68-20
Smoke, 21-12, 68-20
damper, 41-24
opacity, 68-20
spot number, 21-12, 68-20
Smoking ventilation, 40-5
Smoothing coefficient, 74-42
Snagging, 65-5
Snapback recording, 63-16 (ftn)
SO2 control, 21-5
Soderberg line, 52-6
Sodium-sulfur battery, 31-11
Soft
material, 48-1
pipe, 67-3
Softening
point, Vicat, 48-12
precipitation, 20-21
Softwood, 47-17
Soil
incineration, 71-17
washing, 71-22
Solar
cell, 31-4
collector, 31-2
constant, 31-1, 37-7
cooling load, 43-3
cooling load factor, 43-3
energy, 31-2

I-55

energy generating systems, 31-3


gear set, 59-7
power cycle, 31-3
radiation, 37-7
system, active, 31-2
system, passive, 31-2 (ftn)
Soldered
link-and-lever automatic
sprinkler, 67-9 (fig)
link-and-lever sprinkler, 67-9
Soldering, 65-12
Sole proprietorship, 75-1
Solenoid, 44-1
Solid, 23-2
angle, 6-6
briquetting bulk, 66-9
equilibrium, 23-3
height, 54-6
oxide fuel cell, 31-8
polymer fuel cell, 31-8
properties, 23-12
property changes in, 24-10
semi-infinite, 34-14
settleable, 71-25
-solution alloy, 49-1
suspension, 66-18
waste, 68-2
Solidity, 70-6
Solids, A-156
loading, 66-17
normal conductivity, A-110
properties, A-103
thermal properties, A-111, A-112
Solidus line, 49-1
Solubility, 71-23
coefficient, 20-9
product, 20-16
Solute, 14-10 (ftn), 20-10
Solution, 14-10, 20-10, 49-3
Blasius, 36-4
buffer, 20-12
complementary, 10-3, 60-10
heat treament, 49-9
neutral, 20-11, 20-12
of gases in liquid, 20-9
particular, 10-3, 60-10
Pohlhausen, 36-4
properties of, 20-10
saturated, 20-10
trivial, 3-7 (ftn)
Solutions, 20-10
Solvation, 20-10
Solvency, 74-35
Solvent, 14-10, 20-10
recovery, 71-3, 71-4
Sommerfeld number, 54-26
Sone, 73-9
scale, 73-9
Sonic
boom, 14-15
flow, orifice, 19-10
throat, 25-5 (ftn)
velocity, 14-14, 25-4, 25-5, 73-5
Sorbent injection, 71-22
duct, 21-5
furnace, 21-5
Sound, 73-4
abatement, 73-11
absorption coefficient, 73-9
band, 73-7
directivity, 73-7
field, 73-6
impedance, 73-6
intensity, 73-4
meter, 73-6
physiological basis, 73-4
power level, 73-7
pressure level, 73-7
reduction index, 73-11
speed of, 14-14, 25-4, 25-5 (ftn), 73-5
transmission class, 73-10

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

INDEX - S

I N D E X

I-56

M E C H A N I C A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - S

velocity, 73-5
wave, 73-5
wave, longitudinal, 73-5
Source, 33-1 (ftn)
domestic heat, 42-4
energy, 17-15
internal heat, 43-4
reservoir, 24-11
-term model, 25-15
Space
action, 63-34
air, 42-2
characteristic length, 41-30
conditions, adjacent, 42-2
heating, 29-9, 33-3
mechanics, 58-21
permittivity of free, 71-9
state, 63-34
storage, 67-2
Spacing, molecule, 14-2, 23-20
Span, 17-40
Sparging, 71-22
Spark ignition engine, 28-2
SPC, 11-16, 63-22
Special
cases polynomial, 3-4
conditions, 46-1
cutting energy, 65-3
damages, 75-7
triangle, 6-2
Species, target, 64-3
Specific
acoustic impedance, 73-6
air rate, 66-8
area, 70-6
capacity, 31-10
collection area, 71-9
cutting energy, 65-3
energy, 16-1, 16-9, 22-1, 59-3
energy, battery, 31-10
energy, flywheel, 59-3
energy, total, 16-2 (ftn)
enthalpy, 23-4
feed characteristic, 71-12
-fuel consumption, 28-3
gas constant, 23-15
gravity, 14-4
heat, 22-4, 23-7, 34-4
heat, foodstuffs, 34-4
heat, gas, 21-2
heat loaded, 36-14 (ftn)
heat, molar, 22-4, 23-7
heat of ideal gas, 23-16
heat of respiration, 34-4
heat, polytropic, 24-2
heat, ratio of, 15-13, 23-8
heat, real gas, 23-21
humidity, 38-2
identification, 74-37
impulse, 25-9
internal energy, 23-5
kinetic energy, 16-1, 16-2
leakage, 43-4
performance, 75-4, 75-6
power, 59-3
power, battery, 31-10
power, flywheel, 59-3
property, 23-4
resistance, 71-5
roughness, 17-5 (tbl), A-48
roughness, duct, 41-14 (ftn)
roughness, pipe, A-48
speed, 18-12
speed, fan, 41-6
speed, suction, 18-16
speed, turbine, 18-21, 18-23
surface area, 70-6
volume, 14-4, 14-5, 23-5
weight, 14-5
Specification limit, 63-22
Specifications, pipe, 16-10
Specimen, 48-2
test, 48-2 (ftn)

P P I

w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m

R E F E R E N C E

M A N U A L

Spectrum
analysis, 9-8
analyzer, 9-8
noise, 73-9
Specular reflection, 73-4
Speed (see also type), 57-3
balanced, 58-8
compression wave, 17-38
control, compressor, 32-2
control, constant, 62-13
control, motor, 72-15
control, turbine, 26-17
correlation, just-suspended, 66-17
critical, 60-16
critical, shaft, 66-19
cutting, 65-2, 65-3 (tbl)
factor, 54-14
fundamental, shaft, 60-16
just-suspended, 66-17
linear, 22-2 (ftn)
most probable, 23-17
normal, 58-8
of a jet, 17-17
of a molecule, 23-17
of a molecule, mean, 23-17
of efflux, 17-17
of reaction, 20-13
of sound, 14-14, 25-4, 25-5 (ftn), 73-5
ratio, 59-6
ratio, chain, 59-16
regulation, 72-12
relationship, gears with fixed
centers, 59-11
root-mean-square, 23-17
runaway, 17-36
specific, 18-12
specific, fan, 41-6
specific, turbine, 18-23
surge wave, 17-38
synchronous, 18-10, 72-14
tip, 18-4
variable, fan drive, 41-7
work, 22-2
Sphere, 7-12
critical insulation radius, 34-11
formula, A-9
unit, 6-6
Spherical
coordinate system, 7-3 (fig), 7-3 (tbl)
defect, 6-6
drop, 10-10
excess, 6-6
segment, A-9
shell, conduction, 34-12
shell, radial conduction, 34-12
tank, 34-11, 53-6
triangle, 6-6
trigonometry, 6-6
Sphericity, 17-43, 70-5
Spheroidize-annealing, 49-9
Spheroidizing, 49-9
Spider, 59-6
gear, 59-6
Spill
hazardous, 68-20
oil, 68-17
Spinel, 47-18
Spinning reserve, 26-16
Spiral
compressor, 33-8
duct, 41-13
duct, steel, typical collapse
pressure of, 41-14 (fig)
Spitzglass formula, 17-10
Splined
coupling, 59-18
joint, 59-18
Split shaft, turbine, 29-1
Splitter damper, 41-24
Spool-type valve, 19-3
Spot
humidification, 40-7
radiographic inspection, 55-11

Spray
chamber, 38-10 (ftn)
method, water, 40-7
ratio, 38-10
tower, 71-2, 71-23
Spraying metal, 65-14
Spread, 41-30
Spring, 53-20, 54-2
-back, 65-7
buckling, 54-7 (tbl)
buckling of helical compression, 54-7
clock, 54-9 (ftn)
compression, 54-6
constant, 51-3, 53-20, 54-2
constant, combinations, 53-20
constant, torsional, 60-5
deflection curves for extension, 54-8 (fig)
design, 54-2
dynamic response, 54-8
effect of end treatment on helical
compression, 54-5 (fig)
end treatment of helical
compression, 54-6 (fig)
energy, 22-3
extension, 54-8
fatigue loading, 54-4
flat, 54-9
flat coil, 54-9 (ftn)
helical compression, 54-5 (fig)
helical compression, design, 54-6
helical compression, dynamic
response, 54-8
helical extension, 54-8
helical, high temperature, 54-8
helical torsion, 54-9 (fig)
ideal, 53-20, 54-2
in parallel, 53-21
in series, 53-20
index, 53-20 (ftn), 54-2 (ftn), 54-5
leaf, 54-9
material, 54-3, 54-4 (tbl)
material properties, 54-4 (tbl)
nested, 54-6
perfect, 54-2
pitch, 54-6
point of stress concentration in
extension, 54-9 (fig)
power, 54-9 (ftn)
rate, 53-20, 54-2
rate equation, 54-5
scale, 53-20, 64-14
stiffness, 53-20, 54-2
stress, allowable, 54-4
torsion, 54-9
Sprinkler, 67-9
abbreviation, 67-7
characteristics, 67-9
density, 67-11
discharge characteristics, 67-10 (tbl)
discharge coefficient, 67-9
distance between, 67-11
distribution pattern from ceiling
sprinkler, 67-9 (fig)
friction loss, 67-12
fusible-link, 67-9
head, 67-9
minor loss, 67-13
normal pressure, 67-14
pendant, 67-9
protection area, 67-10
separation, 67-11
sidewall, 67-9
soldered link-and-lever, 67-9
soldered link-and-lever,
automatic, 67-9 (fig)
system, 67-7
system design, 67-14
system, double interlock preaction, 67-3
system, dry pipe, 67-2
system, non-interlock preaction, 67-2
system, preaction, 67-2
system, single interlock preaction, 67-2
system types, 67-2

system, wet pipe, 67-2


upright, 67-9
velocity pressure, 67-13
Sprocket, 54-17, 59-15, 59-16
gear, 59-15
pinion, 59-16
size factor, chain drive, 59-17
wheel, 59-16
Sprue hole, 65-8
Spur
gear, 54-10
gear, clearance, 54-10
gear, involute, 54-10
gear, pitch circle velocity, 54-10
gear strength, 54-13
gear terminology, 54-10 (fig)
SQC, 63-22
Square matrix, 4-2
Squirrel cage
fan, 41-6
rotor, 72-15
SSF, 14-6 (ftn)
SSU, 14-6 (ftn), 18-2 (ftn)
Stability, 15-16, 58-2, 64-2
constant, 20-15
criterion, Hurwitz, 62-12
criterion, Nyquists, 62-13
experiment, 11-12
relative, 62-11
Stabilization, 68-20
Stable
equilibrium, 58-2
system, 62-11
Stack
dew point, 68-4
effect, 21-17, 40-6
effect head, 21-18
friction, 21-19
fuel cell, 31-8
gas (see also Flue gas), 21-12, 68-4 (ftn)
Stage, 59-5, 63-33
compression, 32-1
gear, 59-5
grain growth, 49-9
pump, 18-4
recovery, 49-8
recrystallization, 49-8, 49-9
Staged
-air burner, 71-22
combustion, 71-22
lean combustion, 29-2
Staging
module, digital-to-analog, 44-5
module, digital-to-proportional, 44-5
optimum, 32-7
Stagnation
energy, 16-4
point, 16-5
pressure, 40-6
property, 25-2, 25-3 (ftn)
tube, 16-5
Stainless steel, 47-6, 47-8
characteristics, 47-8 (tbl)
composition, 47-8 (tbl)
duplex, 47-9
types, 20-19 (ftn)
Stall
angle, 17-40
-limited, WECS, 31-5
Stamp, pressure vessel, 55-3 (tbl)
Standard, 63-19
abbreviations for sprinkler
diagram, 67-7 (tbl)
atmosphere, international, A-109
atmosphere, SI, A-3, A-4
atmospheric pressure, 14-3
bonus, 63-20
cash flow factor, A-169
circuit breaker, 72-9
condition, 14-4 (ftn), 21-2, 41-2
conditions, gaseous fuels, 21-2
contract, 75-5
cost, 63-15, 74-36

cubic feet per minute, 41-2


cubic foot, 21-2
cyclone, 66-12
data, 63-17
deviation, 11-13
deviation of the sample, 11-13 (ftn)
dimension ratio, 67-4
enthalpies of formation, 20-17 (tbl)
error, 11-13
error of the mean, 11-14
fire protection pump curve, 67-8
form, 7-9
gravity, 1-2
-hour plan, 63-20
motor, 72-12
normal curve, area under, A-12
normal deviate, 11-12
normal table, 11-6
normal value, 11-6, 11-12, 11-15
normal variable, 11-12
normal variate, 11-12
of care, 75-6 (ftn), 75-7
orthographic view, 2-2
plate thickness, 55-12 (tbl)
polynomial form, 3-3
sequence, 3-11
state, chemical, 20-17
steel link chain properties, 59-16 (tbl)
temperature and pressure, 14-4, 21-2
time, 63-15
ventilation, 40-2
Standardized
entropy, 23-6
reactor, 30-2
Standards, pipe, 16-10
Standpipe, 67-5
system, 67-5
system, class I, 67-5
system, class II, 67-5
system, class III, 67-5
Stanton number, 1-9 (tbl), 36-2
Star gear set, 59-7
Start-to-leak pressure, 55-20
Stat, 44-1
freeze, 44-2
State
absorbing, 63-35
closed set, 63-35
equation, 23-14, 62-14
ergodic, 63-35
law of corresponding, 23-20
model, 62-14
oxidation, 20-4
principle of corresponding, 23-20
recurrent, 63-35
space, 63-34
standard, chemical, 20-17
thermodynamic, 23-2, 23-4
variable, 61-2, 63-33, 63-34
Static
balance, 56-2, 60-18
deflection, 60-2
discharge head, 18-6
efficiency, 41-7
energy, 16-2 (ftn), 22-3
equilibrium, 15-16, 45-6 (ftn)
friction, 58-5
friction, angle of, 58-6
head, 18-6
load rating, basic, 54-23
loading, 54-4, 54-5
pressure, 41-3, 67-14
pressure, external, 41-8
pressure probe, 17-27
pressure tube, 15-2
property, 25-3, 25-3 (ftn)
regain, 41-19
regain method, 41-27
response, 51-8
suction head, 18-6
Statical moment, 50-3, 51-10

I-57

Statically
determinate, 45-7
indeterminate, 45-7, 46-1
Statics, 45-1
indeterminate, 46-1
Station, 63-18, 65-6
rate, 26-5, 27-2
Statistic
chi-squared, 11-8
log-normal, 11-8
normal, 11-6
Students t-, 11-7
Statistical
error, terms, 64-3
process control, 11-16, 63-22
quality control, 63-22
Stator pump, 18-3
Statute, 76-1
of frauds, 75-3 (ftn)
Statutory rule, 76-1
Stay reinforcing, 55-14
Steady
-flow, availability function, 24-12
-flow energy equation, 24-5, 25-2, 26-9
-flow, polytropic, 24-10
-flow process, 32-4
-flow system, 24-5
-flow system, isentropic, 24-9
-flow system, throttling, 24-10
-open flow system, 24-1
-state component, 60-12
-state operation, 11-9, 37-6
-state probability, 63-35
-state response, 62-2
-state response, impulse, 62-7
-state response, sinusoid, 62-7
-state response, step, 62-7
Steam
admission, 26-17
admission valve, 26-17
bleed, 26-8
drum, 26-4
dry saturated, 23-14
flow, 25-21
flow through nozzle, 25-21
friction loss, 17-9
generator, 26-4
generator, heat-recovery, 29-8
generator, nuclear, 30-1
header, 34-21
heat-recovery, 29-8
humidification, 38-11
injection, 29-2
manifold, 34-21
Mollier diagram, A-69, A-71, A-92
point, 64-6 (ftn)
process, 29-8, 29-9
pump, 18-2
rate, 26-16
saturated, properties, A-62, A-63, A-64,
A-84, A-85, A-86
stripping, 71-24
superheated, properties, A-67, A-68,
A-89
table, 23-10
thermal properties, A-126, A-127
throttle valve, 26-17
tracing, 34-21
trap, 16-14, 34-21
trap, float, 16-14
trap, inverted bucket, 16-14
trap, thermodynamic disc, 16-14
trap, thermostatic, 16-14
turbine, 26-8
Steel, 49-5
AISI-SAE designations, 47-7 (tbl)
alloying ingredient, 47-5, 47-6 (tbl)
blue-center, 66-2
boiler tubing dimensions, A-47
carbon, 47-5
carbon tool, 65-4
duplexed, 47-4
eutectoid, 49-5

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I N D E X

I-58

M E C H A N I C A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - S

free-machining, 65-4
grade, 19-4 (ftn), 47-5
group, 47-7
hard, 49-7
hardenability, 49-7
hardness, maximum, 49-7
heat of, 47-5
high-speed, 65-4
hypereutectoid, 49-5
hypoeutectoid, 49-5
killed, 66-2
link chain, engineering, 59-15
monitor, 66-2
nondeforming, 47-7
pipe, 16-9
pipe, black, 16-10, 67-3
pipe, corrugated, 16-11
pipe dimensions, 16-10, A-29, A-30,
A-31, A-32, A-33, A-34, A-35
pipe, galvanized, 16-10
pipe, plain, 16-10
pipe, pressure drop, water, A-53
pipe, water flow, 17-9, A-53
plow, 66-2 (ftn)
production, 47-3
-reinforced concrete, 15-11 (ftn)
rimmed, 47-5
semi-killed, 47-5
stainless, 47-6, 47-8
stainless, characteristics, 47-8
stainless, composition, 47-8
stress relief processes, 49-8
tool, 47-6
tool, type, 65-4
Stefan-Boltzmann
constant, 37-2
law, 37-2
Step
function, 10-6
input, 62-7
interval, frequency distribution, 11-10
reaction polymerization, 47-15
unit, 61-2
Stepped
cash flow, 74-10
shaft, 60-5
Stepper motor, 62-13 (ftn)
Steradian, 6-6
Stiffener beam, 51-18
Stiffness, 51-2, 51-3
bending, panel, 73-12
pipe, 16-11
ring, 16-11
spring, 53-20, 54-2
transformed, 60-8
Stilb, 73-3 (ftn)
Stirling
cycle, 28-12 (ftn), 28-13 (ftn)
engine, 28-12
engine, kinematic, 28-13
system, 31-3
Stochastic
critical path model, 63-5
model, 63-2, 63-5
Stoichiometric
air, 21-9
combustion, 21-9
quantities, 21-9
reaction, 20-8
Stoichiometry, 20-8
Stoke (unit), 14-8
Stoker, 26-3
Stokes
50 number, 66-13
law, 17-42
number, 1-9 (tbl), 66-13
particle diameter, 70-3
Stoking
overfeed, 26-3
retort, 26-3
underfeed, 26-3
Stone wall point, 32-8
Stopping distance, 70-3

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M A N U A L

Stopwatch (usage of), 63-16


Storage
energy, 31-9
pile, bulk, 66-5
space, 67-2
tank, 32-2, 69-1
tank, underground, 68-20
Stove preheater, 47-2
STP (see also Standard temperature and
pressure), 14-4
air, approximate properties of, 19-8 (tbl)
gaseous fuels, 21-2
Straddle, bisection method, 13-1
Straight
-blade fan, 41-6
-tube boiler, 26-4
angle, 6-1
bevel gear set, 54-15 (fig)
condensing, 26-12 (ftn), 27-2
condensing cycle, 26-12 (ftn)
extraction, 70-2
fin, 34-19
flange, 55-5
humidification, 38-7
line, 7-4 (fig)
line depreciation recovery, 74-26
line error, 53-20 (ftn), 54-2 (ftn)
line method, 74-21, 74-26
Strain, 48-2, 51-2
axial, 48-4
circumferential, 53-6
creep, 48-16
cyclic, 48-9 (ftn)
diametral, 53-6
elastic, 48-3
energy, 48-6, 48-7, 51-2, 51-12,
51-15, 51-17
energy theory, 52-4
engineering, 48-2
gauge, 15-2, 64-8, 64-13
hardening, 48-5
-hardening exponent, 48-5
inelastic, 48-3
lateral, 48-4
net, 64-11
physical, 48-5
plastic, 48-3
proportional, 48-3
radial, 53-6
rate of, 14-6
sensitivity factor, 64-8
shear, 48-8
theory, maximum, 52-3
thermal, 51-4
total, 48-4
true, 48-5
volumetric, 14-14
Strainer power system, 19-6
Strand (see also Tendon)
chain, 59-17
structural, 66-3
Stratification, 44-2, 63-23
Stratified
charge combustion, 28-2
sampling, 63-32
Stratosphere, 15-12, 15-13 (ftn)
Stream
coordinates, fluid, 17-18 (fig)
function, 17-4
function, Lagrange, 17-4
potential function, 17-3
Streamline, 16-7
flow, 16-7
Streamtube, 16-7
Strength
approximate minimum ultimate
tensile, 54-4 (tbl)
bearing, 54-13
bolt, pressure vessel, 55-18
breaking, 48-3
coefficient, 48-5
compressive, 48-8
creep, 48-16

design, 51-2 (ftn)


design method, 53-2
endurance, 48-9, 48-10
fatigue, 48-9
fracture, 48-3
Lewis beam, 54-13
lower yield, 48-3
nominal, 53-2
proof, 53-9, 53-13
rupture, 48-16
shear, 48-8
spur gear, 54-13
tensile, 48-3
ultimate, 48-3, 53-2
vs. factors, 48-17
yield, 48-3
Stress, 48-2, 51-2
allowable, 52-1, 53-2
allowable, gear, 54-13
allowable, pressure vessel, 55-5
allowable spring, 54-4
allowable torsional stress, nonreversed
fatigue, 54-5 (tbl)
alternating, 52-6
alternating combined, 52-8
apparent yield, 48-7
bending, 51-11
biaxial, 64-11
circumferential, 53-4
combined, 51-5
concentration, 51-4
concentration factor, fatigue, 48-10
concentration, press-fit, 53-8, 53-9
corrosion cracking, 20-19, 47-9
critical, 17-12
cyclic, 48-9 (ftn)
cylinder, thick-walled, 53-6
design, working, 53-2
direct shear, 54-5
discontinuity, 55-6
effective, 52-5
effective allowable, pressure vessel, 55-12
engineering, 48-2
equivalent, 52-6
extreme, 51-6
flexural, 51-11
general primary membrane, 55-6
hydrostatic design, 67-4
load-controlled, 55-6
local primary membrane, 55-6
longitudinal, 53-5
maximum allowable, pressure vessel, 55-5
mean, 48-9, 52-6
normal, 51-2
peak, 55-6
physical, 48-5
primary, 55-6
primary membrane, 55-6
principal, 51-5
proof, 48-3 (ftn)
range, 52-6
ratio, 66-7
relaxation, 48-11
relief processes, steel, 49-8
riser, 51-5
-rupture test, 48-16
safe spring, 54-4
secondary, 55-6
self-limiting, 55-6
shear, 51-2
shear, fluid, 14-6
-strain curve, 48-2 (fig), 48-4 (fig)
tangential, 53-4
theory, maximum, 52-3
true, 48-5
von Mises, 52-5
yield, 17-12, 48-3
Stresspeening, 54-3
Strict liability in tort, 75-6, 75-7
Strip
backing, 55-9
die, 65-6

Stripping, 71-2 (ftn)


air, 71-23
factor, 71-24
steam, 71-24
Stroke, 28-2
compression, 28-2
engine, 28-2
exhaust, 28-2
intake, 28-2
power, 28-2
Strong material, 48-1
Strouhal number, 1-9 (tbl)
Structural
cell, 45-12
designation, ceramic, 47-19 (tbl)
discontinuity, 55-6
laminate, 47-21
rope, 66-3
steel, 47-6
steel, corrugated pipe, 16-11
strand, 66-3
Structure
atomic, 20-1
body-centered tetragonal, 49-7 (ftn)
-borne noise, 73-4
composite, 51-19
metastable, 47-9
Students t-distribution, 11-7, 63-16 (ftn),
A-14
Sub-isokinetic, 70-2 (ftn)
Subautogenous waste, 71-10 (ftn)
Subchapter
C corporation, 75-3
S corporation, 75-3
Subcontract, 75-4
Subcooled liquid, 23-2, 23-11
properties, 23-12
Subcooling condenser, hot well, 26-12
Sublimation, 23-8 (ftn), 23-9 (ftn)
latent heat of, 23-8
Submarine atmosphere, 40-11
Submatrix, 4-1
Submerged
fraction, 15-15
metal arc welding, 65-12
pipelines, 15-16
scraper conveyor, 68-5
Subset, 11-1
proper, 11-1
Subsonic, 14-15
flow regime, 14-15 (ftn)
Substance
lethal, 55-4
properties, 23-4
target, 64-3
Substitution, linear equation, 3-7
Substrate, 64-8
Success probability, 11-3
Successive trial, 11-4
Suction, 18-4
gas, 33-1
head, net positive, 18-14
head, total, 18-6
line, 33-10
specific speed, 18-16
throttling, compressor, 32-2
Sudden
contraction, 17-13
enlargement, 17-12, 17-13
failure model, 63-12
Sulfate sulfur, 21-4
Sulfide, cadmium, 64-5
Sulfur, 21-3, 21-4
dioxide, 68-20
in stack gas, 68-4
low-, coal, 21-5
organic, 21-4
point, 64-6 (ftn)
pyritic, 21-4
sulfate, 21-4
trioxide, 21-4, 68-4, 68-20
Sulfurous acid, 68-20

Sum
-of-the-years digits method, 74-21, 74-26
unweighted, sound level, 73-8
Summer, 62-4
degree-days, 42-6 (ftn), 43-5
Summing point, 62-4, 62-13
Sun gear, 59-6
Sunk cost, 74-3
Super-isokinetic, 70-2 (ftn)
Superaustenitic stainless steel, 47-9
Supercharger, 28-11
Supercharging, 28-11
Superconductivity, 47-18
Supercooled liquid, 47-17
Supercritical
cycle, 27-7
-pressure boiler, 26-4
-pressure turbine, 26-8
Superelevation, 58-8, 58-8 (ftn)
rate, 58-8
total, 58-8
Superferritic stainless steel, 47-8
Superficial velocity, 66-8
Superfinishing, 65-5, 65-14
Superheat
degree of, 23-11
Rankine cycle, 27-4
table, using, 23-11
Superheated
R-12 properties, A-77, A-78
steam properties, A-67, A-68, A-89
vapor, 23-2, 23-3
vapor, properties of, 23-14
Superheater, 26-13
convection, 26-13
radiant, 26-13
Superheating, 27-4
Superhigh-speed steel, 65-4
Superposed turbine, 26-8
Superposition, 51-17
forces, 45-16
method, 46-4
of cash flow, 74-10
theorem, 10-6
Supersaturated solution, 20-10 (ftn)
Supersonic
nozzle, design of, 25-5
travel, 14-15
Supplementary
angle, 6-1
boiler, 29-11
-fired HRSG, 29-8
unit, 1-6 (tbl)
Supplier, dealing with, 76-2, 76-3
Suppliers
lien, 75-5
risk, 63-26
Supply
duct, 41-21
pump, fire fighting, 67-7
rail, 44-6
Support
pinned, 45-7
roller, 45-7
simple, 45-7
type, 45-7 (tbl)
Surcharge, 15-12
Surface
absorption, 73-10
-acting agent, 68-9 (ftn)
condenser, 26-11
control, 24-1
density, 73-11
durability, gear, 54-14
emissivity, A-136
extended, 34-17
faying, 20-19
finish, 2-4, 48-11 (fig)
finish factor, 48-10
finishing and coating, 65-13
free, 16-5
frictionless, 45-7
hardening, 49-10

I-59

of revolution, 9-5, 50-3 (fig)


pressure coefficient, wind, 40-6
runoff, 68-19
selective, 31-2
temperature, 10-10, 34-6
tension, 14-11
Surfacing, hard, 65-14
Surfactant, 68-9
Surge
chamber, 17-39, 18-24
impedance, 19-12
limit, 32-8
pressure allowance, 67-4
pressure, maximum, 19-12
tank, 17-39
wave speed, 17-38
Surging, 41-9, 54-8
Surroundings, 24-1
Susceptance, 72-5
Suspended speed, just-, 66-17
Suspension, 20-10
burning, 26-3
density, 66-17
flow, 66-8
off-bottom, 66-17
on-bottom, 66-17
solids, 66-18
types, 66-17
uniform, 66-17
Suspicious event, 63-23
Sustainable development, ethics, 76-4
Swaging, 65-7
Swamee-Jain equation, 17-6
Sweating, 34-11
insulation thickness to prevent, 34-11
Swept volume, 28-2, 32-3
Swing
temperature, 40-7
test, 60-21
valve, 16-12
Switch
electropneumatic, 44-1
post control supervisory, 67-5
vane, 67-5
Switching fuel, 68-20
Symbol, 55-9, 55-10 (tbl)
fluid power, 19-2
weld, 55-9, 55-10 (tbl)
Symbols, 3-1
elements, A-57
piping, A-44
Symmetrical
even, 9-7 (tbl)
full-wave, 9-7 (tbl)
function, 7-4
half-wave, 9-7 (tbl)
matrix, 4-2
odd, 9-7 (tbl)
quarter-wave, 9-7 (tbl)
waveform, 9-7 (tbl)
Symmetry
curve, types, 7-4
half-wave, 7-4
odd, 7-4
rotational, 7-4
Synchronous
belt, 54-17
capacitor, 72-17
motor, 72-17
speed, 18-10, 72-14
Syndiotactic polymer, 47-16
Syndrome, NIMBY, 68-14
Syngas, 21-8, 29-2
from tires, 68-21
Synthesis, 20-7
Synthetic
gas, 21-5, 21-8, 29-2
polymer, 47-15
resin, 20-22
standard data, 63-17
System, 24-1
absolute English, 1-4
active, 62-11

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I N D E X

I-60

M E C H A N I C A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - T

active solar, 31-2


advanced flywheel, 59-5
advanced turbine, 29-1 (ftn)
air-and-water, 44-1
all-air, 44-1
all-water, 44-1
base-8, 12-2
base-16, 12-2
bin, 26-3
binary, 12-1
boundary, 24-1
bypass factor, 43-7
capacity, 34-13
Cartesian coordinate, 7-3
central, 26-3
central receiver, 31-3
cgs, 1-4
characteristic curve, 41-8
circulating closed-loop, 67-7
class I standpipe, 67-5
class II standpipe, 67-5
class III standpipe, 67-5
closed, 24-1
collinear force, 45-6
concentric flywheel, 59-5
concurrent force, 45-6
consistent, 3-7
consistent unit, 1-2
constant-speed control, 62-13
control, 62-13
controllability, 62-14
conventional duct, 41-21
coordinate, 7-3, 57-1
coplanar force, 45-6
curve, 41-8
deluge, 67-3
dependent, 57-12
diagram, 61-3
diagram, leg, 61-3
direct-firing, 26-3
dish, 31-3
dish-engine, 31-3
distributed collector, 31-3
double interlock preaction sprinkler, 67-3
dry pipe sprinkler, 67-2
dual-duct, 44-1
dust collection, 41-32
effect, 41-9
effect factor, 41-9
engineering, 10-8
English engineering, 1-2
English gravitational, 1-3
equation, 61-2, 61-3
exhaust duct, 41-31
fire protection, 67-1
foam-water, 67-3
force-couple, 45-4
function, 62-4
gas turbine, 28-11 (ftn)
gating, 65-8
general three-dimensional, 45-6
gridded, 67-6
hexadecimal, 12-2
high-performance power, 29-10
high-velocity, 41-21
hot rock, 31-7
hot water, 31-7
hot windbox, 29-10
ideal, 60-2
inconsistent, 3-7
integration, typical, 26-1
isolated, 24-2
k-out-of-n, 11-10
linear, 57-2
linear force, 45-4
loop, 67-6
loop and gridded, 67-60
low-velocity, 41-21
matrix, 62-14
metric, 1-4
mks, 1-5
ML T, 1-7
modeling, 61-1

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M A N U A L

modeling, rotational, 61-5


multiple degree of freedom, 60-2, 61-2
M /M /1, 63-6
M /M /s, 63-7
non-interlock preaction sprinkler, 67-2
numbering, 3-1
observability, 62-14
octal, 12-2
of forces, 45-6
of units, 1-2
open, 24-1
order, 61-2
order of the, 62-4
parallel, 11-9
parallel force, 45-6
passive, 62-11
perfect, 60-2
performance curve, 18-16
population, 40-4
positional numbering, 12-1
power-tower, 31-3
preaction sprinkler, 67-2
rectangular coordinate, 7-3
rectilinear, 57-2
redundant, 11-9
regulating, 62-13
return air, 41-21, 41-31
riser, 67-7
serial, 11-9
single degree of freedom, 60-2, 61-2
single-duct, 44-1
single interlock preaction sprinkler, 67-2
solar energy generating, 31-3
sprinkler, 67-7
sprinkler, types, 67-2
stable, 62-11
standpipe, 67-5
steady-flow, 24-5
steady-flow, isentropic, 24-9
steady-flow, polytropic, 24-10
steady-flow, throttling, 24-10
Stirling, 31-3
supply duct, 41-21
tandem flywheel, 59-5
thermodynamic, 24-1
tree, 67-6
trough-electric, 31-3
tuned, 60-13
two-two, 26-5
type 0, 62-13 (ftn)
type 1, 62-13 (ftn)
type 2, 62-13 (ftn)
type n, 62-13
unified numbering, alloy, 47-1, 47-2
unit, 26-3
voltage, 72-5 (ftn)
water mist, 67-3
water spray, 67-3
wet pipe sprinkler, 67-2
wind energy conversion, 31-4
Systematic error, 64-2

T
t-distribution, A-14
Students, 11-7, 63-16
T-delta rosette, 64-12
T-p diagram, 24-3
T-s diagram, 24-4, 28-4
T250 temperature, 21-3
Table
air, 23-11
compressed liquid, 23-11
cumulative frequency, 11-10, 11-11
divided difference, 13-3 (ftn)
factor, A-169, A-170
fan rating, 41-8
gas, 23-11
multirating, 41-8
normal shock, 25-10
of indefinite integrals, A-10
of integrals, 9-1 (ftn)
periodic, 20-2

property, 23-10
Routh, 62-12
saturation, 23-10
shaker, 60-21
standard normal, 11-6
steam, 23-10
superheat, 23-11
Tableau, 63-13
Tachometer, 62-13
Tail
curve, 11-7
race, 18-24
Tailwater, 18-24
depression, 18-24
Takeoff
branch, 41-19
point, 62-4
Tall building, infiltration, 40-6
Tandem
-center valve, 19-3
compound turbine, 26-8
flywheel system, 59-5
-pulley drive, 66-10 (ftn)
seal, 71-18
Tangent
bulk modulus, 14-14
hyperbolic, 6-4, 6-5
law of, 6-5
plane, 8-5
point, 7-2
Tangential, 57-9
acceleration, 57-8
force, gear, 54-12
force, helical gear, 54-13
pressure angle, 54-12
stress, 53-4
turbine, 18-21 (ftn)
velocity, 18-22, 57-8
Tangible property, 74-20 (ftn)
Tank
above-ground storage, 69-1
compressed air, 32-2
deaerating, 26-15
discharge, 17-16, 17-17 (fig) (ftn)
flash, 26-14 (ftn), 31-7
pressurized, 17-18
reactor, 71-7
receiver, 32-2
spherical, 34-11, 53-6
storage, 32-2, 69-1
surge, 17-39
thick-walled (see also Cylinder,
thick-walled), 53-5
thin-walled, 53-4
time to empty, 17-19
underground, 68-20
Tap hole, 15-3
Tape, heat, 34-21
Tapered
diameter changes, 17-13
hub, 55-18
-hub flange, 55-18
Tappet, 59-12
Tar
coal, epoxy, 16-11
pipe coating, 16-11
Target
species, 64-3
substance, 64-3
Task, 63-15
Tax
bracket, 74-25
credit, 74-25
Taxation
check the box, 75-3 (ftn)
double, 75-2
Taylors
equation, 65-5
formula, 8-8
series, 8-8
TD-nickel, 47-18
TDC (top-dead-center), 32-3
TDS (see also Total dissolved solids), 39-3

Technique, variance reduction, 63-32


Technology
best available, 71-2
clean room, 40-11
Tedlar bag, 70-1
Teetering blade, 31-6
Teflon, 47-16
Telenomer, 47-14
TEMA, 36-11 (ftn)
Temper
carbon, 47-10
copper pipe, 67-3
designation, aluminum, 49-9
Temperature, 23-17
absolute, 23-4
adiabatic flame, 21-15
air, 34-6
ambient, 34-6
and pressure, normal, 21-2
approach, 36-12, 36-13
at a point, 34-8
autoignition, 21-8
bulk, 34-6, 35-4, 36-3
chip, 65-4
coarsening, 49-8
coefficient, 64-5
combustion, 21-15
constant, 24-2
constant, closed system, 24-8
continuous heat resistance, 47-16
conversion, SI, A-3, A-5
critical, 49-4, 49-7
cross, 36-13
deflection, 48-11
dew-point, 38-2
difference, equivalent, 43-3
difference logarithmic mean, 36-13
difference, terminal, 26-11, 26-15
dissociation, 21-15
dry-bulb, 38-1, 38-2, 38-6
ductile transition, 48-15
effect, 55-7 (tbl)
effect, modulus of elasticity, 55-7
effect on output, 64-13
environment, 34-6
eutectic, 49-3
eutectoid, 49-4
factor, chain drive, 59-18
far-field, 34-6
fictive, 47-18
film, 35-4, 36-3
flame, 21-15
flue gas, 21-14
fracture appearance transition, 48-15
fracture transition plastic, 48-15
free-stream, 36-2
glass transition, 47-18
gradient, 34-6
hot-forging, 65-7 (tbl)
ignition, 21-8
increase in liquid, 26-7
inside design, 42-2, 43-3
inversion, 24-3
local, 34-6
maximum flame, 21-15
maximum theoretical combustion, 21-15
mean bulk, 36-3
minimum design metal, 55-8
mixing, 36-3
net stack, 21-14
overshoot, 44-2
profile, 34-6 (fig)
ratio, critical, 25-4
recrystallization, 49-8
reference, 64-6
reheat, 26-14
rise, 22-4
saturation, 23-4
scale, absolute, 23-4, 23-5
scales, 23-4
surface, 10-10, 34-6
swing, 40-7
T250, 21-3

throttle, 26-14
-time chart, 34-14
-time curve, 49-2
transition, 48-15
wet-bulb, 38-2
Tempered
martensite, 49-7
steel, double-, 47-7
Tempering, 49-6, 49-9
Temporary hardness, 20-21
Tendency, central, 11-12
Tens complement, 12-3
Tensile
force, 45-16
strength, 48-3
test, 48-2
Tension
cable, 58-13
effective, belt, 66-10
force, 45-16
initial, spring, 54-8
net, 54-16
surface, 14-11
Tensor, 5-1
Teratogen, 63-27
Term
differential, 9-1
general, 3-10
harmonic, 9-6
in a sequence, 3-10
Terminal
box, variable air volume, 41-3
box, VAV, 41-3
point, 5-1
pressure, 41-30
temperature difference, 26-11, 26-15
unit, 41-3
value, 74-16
velocity, 17-43, 58-19, 70-3
velocity, duct, 41-30
Terminator, 47-15
Terminology
gear train, 59-5
meshing gear, 54-11 (fig)
spur gear, 54-10 (fig)
worm and worm gear, 54-16 (fig)
Terms, separation of, 9-3
Ternary compound, 20-5
Tertiary
air, 26-3
compound, 20-5
creep, 48-16
Test (see also type), 60-21
Ames, 63-27 (ftn)
Brinell hardness, 48-13
Charpy, 48-15
comparison, 3-12
destructive, 48-14
drop, 60-21
fatigue, 48-9
financial, 74-34, 74-35
for convergence, 3-12
hardness, 48-13, 48-14 (tbl)
harmonic, vibration, 60-21
Hurwitz, 62-12
hydrostatic pressure, 55-20
hypothesis, 11-15
impact, 48-15, 55-7
isokinetic, 70-2
Jominy end-quench, 49-7
Knoop, 48-13
Meyer, 48-13
Meyer-Vickers, 48-13
Mohs, 48-13
nondestructive, 48-12, 48-14
on plastic, 48-11
power of the, 11-15
proof, 11-9
ratio, 3-12
rebound, 48-14
Rockwell hardness, 48-13
Scleroscopic hardness, 48-14
scratch hardness, 48-13

I-61

Shore hardness, 48-14


sinusoidal, vibration, 60-21
sliding plate viscometer, 14-6
specimen, 48-2 (ftn)
swing, 60-21
tensile, 48-2
three-edge bearing, 16-11
torsion, 48-8
ultrasonic, 48-14
vibration, 60-21
Vickers, 48-13
Testing, boiler feedwater, 20-23
Tetrafunctionality, 47-15
Theorem, 10-6
Bayes, 11-4
binomial, 3-3
Buckingham pi-, 1-10
buoyancy, 15-14
Cauchy-Schwartz, 5-3
central limit, 11-14
de Moivres, 3-8
delay, 10-6
final value, 62-7
Gibbs, 23-19
Greens, 2-4
initial value, 62-7
Kalmans, 62-14 (ftn)
Kutta-Joukowsky, 17-41
linearity, 10-6
Nernst, 23-6
of calculus, fundamental, 9-4
of Fourier, 9-6
of Pappus, 9-5
of Pappus-Guldinus, 50-3
parallel axis, 50-4, 56-2
perpendicular axis, 50-6
Pythagorean, 6-2
reciprocity, for radiation, 37-4
superposition, 10-6
time-shifting, 10-6
transfer axis, 50-4
Varignons, 45-3
Theoretical
horsepower, 17-15
maximum velocity, 25-2
yield, 20-8
Theory
behavior, 63-29
constant energy distortion, 52-5
Coulomb-Mohr, 52-2
decision, 63-33
distortion energy, 48-8, 52-5
failure, 52-1
feedback, 62-4
kinetic gas, 23-17
Lewis beam strength, 54-13
maximum normal stress, 52-1
maximum shear stress, 48-8, 52-3
maximum strain, 52-3
net transport, 34-2
normal stress, 52-1
octahedral shear stress, 52-5
of constant energy of distortion, 52-5
of influence, 63-29
Prandtls boundary layer, 17-44
probability, 11-2
queuing, 63-6
strain energy, 52-4
von Mises, 48-8, 52-5
von Mises-Hencky theory, 52-5
X, 63-29
Y, 63-29
Z, 63-29
Therm (unit), 22-1, 42-1 (ftn)
Thermal, 26-1
analogy, 34-6
arrest, 49-2
backflushing, 26-13
ballast, 71-13
capacitance, 34-13
capacity rates, 36-20
coefficient of expansion, 14-13 (ftn)
conductance, 34-2

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I N D E X

I-62

M E C H A N I C A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - T

conductivity, 34-2, 34-3 (tbl), A-110


conductivity, foodstuffs, 34-3
cracking, 21-2
deflection temperature, 48-12
deformation, 51-3
desorption, 71-24, 71-25
diffusivity, 34-5 (tbl)
diffusivity, foodstuffs, 34-5 (tbl)
efficiency, 21-16, 24-11, 27-2 (ftn), 28-3
energy, 22-4 (ftn)
entry length, 36-5
equilibrium, 23-4, 24-5, 37-1, 37-2, 37-6
expansion, coefficient, 51-4
flywheel effect, 42-5
gradient, 34-6
inertia, 42-5
lag, 42-5
NOx, 68-14
properties, A-103
properties, atmospheric air, A-124, A-125
properties, foodstuffs, A-113, A-114
properties, nonmetals, A-112
properties, saturated
water, A-122, A-123
properties, solid, A-111
properties, steam, A-126, A-127
radiation, 37-1
rating, power plant, 26-1
reservoir, 33-1 (ftn)
resistance, 34-4, 34-13, 42-2 (ftn)
resistance, coefficient of, 64-6
strain, 51-4
stress ratcheting, 55-7
time constant, 34-13
unit, British, 23-5
Thermionic
energy converter, 31-9
generator, 31-9
Thermistor, 64-5
Thermocouple, 31-9, 64-6
constants, A-160, A-161
material, 64-7
thermoelectric constants, A-160, A-161
Thermodynamic
basic relations, 24-6
disc steam trap, 16-14
state, 23-2, 23-4
system, 24-1
Thermodynamics, 23-2
first law of, 24-2 (ftn)
first law of, closed system, 24-4
first law of, open system, 24-5
second law of, 23-7 (ftn), 24-12
third law of, 23-6
zeroth law of, 23-4
Thermoelectric
constant, 64-7, A-160, A-161
generator, 31-9
Thermometer, resistance, 64-5
Thermopile, 64-7
Thermoplastic, 47-16
adhesive, 65-13
polymer, 47-17 (tbl)
Thermosetting, 47-16
adhesive, 65-13
polymer, 47-17 (tbl)
Thermosiphon, 33-7 (ftn)
heat pipe, 34-22, 34-23 (fig)
Thermostat, 44-1
immersion, 44-2
mixing, 44-2
outside air, 44-2
setback, 42-7
setback, conservation through, 42-7
Thermostatic steam trap, 16-14
Thick-walled cylinder (tank), 53-5, 53-6
Thickness
critical insulation, 34-11, 34-11 (ftn)
design wall, 19-4
-diameter ratio, 41-14 (fig)
economic insulation, 34-11
insulation, 34-11
minimum, 55-4 (ftn)

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R E F E R E N C E

M A N U A L

of insulation to prevent freezing, 34-11


of insulation to prevent sweating, 34-11
pressure vessel, 55-8
ratio, chip, 65-2
required head, 55-13 (tbl)
standard plate, 55-12 (tbl)
tooth, 54-11
Thin-walled cylinder (tank), 53-4
Third
back pressure ratio, 25-13
critical pressure ratio, 25-13
derivative of motion, 59-12
law of thermodynamics, 23-6
moment about the mean, 11-14
Thixotropic
fluid, 14-7
liquid, 14-7
THM, 68-21
Thompson effect, 64-7 (ftn)
Thoracic fraction, 68-9
Thread
Acme, 59-2
angle, 59-2
angle, helix, 53-14
half-angle, 53-14
power screw, 59-2 (fig)
Threaded fitting, 17-12 (ftn)
Three
-dimensional mensuration, A-9
-edge bearing test, 16-11
-force member, 45-7
-moment equation, 46-5
-phase electricity, 72-10
-reservoir problem, 17-22
-way converter, 28-2 (ftn)
-way valve, 19-3, 55-20
Threshold
limit value, 40-10
of audibility, 73-4
of hearing, 73-7
of pain, 73-4
Throat, 25-5
effective weld, 53-14
property, 25-5
radius, 41-19
sonic, 25-5 (ftn)
Throttle
control, 26-17
pressure, constant, 26-17
pressure operation, hybrid, 26-17 (ftn)
pressure, variable, 26-17
temperature, 26-14
valve, 26-17 (ftn)
valve, boiler, 26-17
valve, turbine, 26-17
Throttling
process, 24-2, 24-3, 24-10
range, 44-5
service valve, 16-12
steady-flow system, 24-10
suction, 32-2
valve, 26-13, 26-17 (ftn), 33-1
Through-variable, 61-3
Throw, 41-30
ratio, 41-30
Thrust, 25-8
bearing, 54-23
coefficient of, 25-9
force, bevel gear, 54-15
force, helical gear, 54-13
separation force, bevel gear, 54-15
Tidal power plant, 31-6
Tie
bus, 44-6
line, 44-6, 49-2
TIG welding, 65-12
Tightened plan, 63-26
Tilt pouring, 65-8
Time, 63-15, 63-19
allowance, 63-16
bed residence, 71-7
characteristic, pipeline, 19-12
constant, 3-11, 62-2, 62-9

constant, thermal, 34-13


control, 63-32
cycle, 63-18, 63-19
delay, 62-2
doubling, 3-11, 74-8
e-folding, 3-11
effective, 25-9
event, 63-3
filtration, 71-6
flow, uniform, 63-32
flow, variable, 63-32
measurement unit, 63-17
mission, 11-9
normal, 63-16
periodic, 58-20
relative, 34-5
response, 62-2 (ftn), 62-6, 62-8
-series analysis, 9-8 (ftn)
settling, 44-2, 62-2
-shifting theorem, 10-6
study, 63-15
-temperature chart, 34-14
-temperature curve, 49-2
-temperature-transformation
curves, 49-6
to double, 74-8
-to-empty, choked flow, 25-15
to empty tank, 17-19
to triple, 74-8
tripling, 74-8
value of money, 74-5
weighted average, 40-10, 73-12
Timed two-position control, 44-5
Timing
belt, 54-17
belt profile, 54-19 (tbl)
chain, 54-17
Tin-plating, 65-14
Tip
adiabatic, 34-18, 34-19
convective, 34-19
insulated, 34-18
speed, 18-4
Tire
-derived fuel, 21-4
discarded, 68-21
tread, 47-13 (ftn)
Titania, 21-3 (ftn)
Toe, 54-20
dam, 15-11
Tolerance, 2-4, 62-2
pressure relief, 55-20
Ton, 1-7
cooling, 43-2
explosives, 1-7
freight, 1-7
long, 1-7, A-3, A-4
measurement, 1-7
metric, 1-7
of explosive power, 1-7
refrigeration, 1-7, 33-3, A-3, A-5
short, 1-7, A-3, A-4
Tone, pure, 73-4
Tonnage, 65-6
Tonne, 1-7
Tool
carbide, 65-4
ceramic, 65-4
failure, 65-5
life, 65-4, 65-5
material, 65-4
steel, 47-6
steel carbon, 65-4
Tooth
face, 54-10
flank, 54-10
gear, clearance, 54-10
land, 54-10
thickness, 54-11
Top-dead-center, 28-2, 32-3
Topping
cycle, 29-9
turbine, 26-8

Torispherical head, 55-5


Torque, 45-2
and power, chain drive, 59-16
and power, drive shaft, 59-18
bolt, 53-13
brake, 28-3
braking, 54-20
coefficient, 53-13
conversion, SI, A-3, A-5
electrical motor, 72-12
engine, 28-3
hydrostatic, 15-11
meter, 64-13, 64-14
on a gate, 15-11
pump shaft, 18-11
shaft, 53-14
tube, 59-18
vs. power, 54-10
Torr, A-3, A-4
Torricelli equation, 17-17
Torricellis speed of efflux, 17-17
Torsion
angle, 48-8, 53-14
balance, Du Nouy, 14-11 (ftn)
dynamometer, 64-13
noncircular shape, 53-16
shell, 53-15
solid member, 53-16
spring, helical, 54-9
test, 48-8
Torsional
axis, 53-17
center, 53-17
pendulum, 60-5
spring constant, 60-5
Tort, 75-6
action, 75-6
strict liability in, 75-6, 75-7
Tortuous-path, valve, 26-13
Torus, mensuration, A-9
Total
cost, 74-33
discharge head, 18-7
dissolved solids, 39-3
efficiency, 41-6
energy, 16-2, 16-4
energy line, 17-15
equivalent temperature difference, 43-3
film coefficient, 35-12
flux method, 73-3
hardness, 20-21
head, 16-2, 18-6, 18-7
heat, 23-5, 23-8
heat removal process, 43-7 (fig)
heat transfer, 34-6
heat transferred, 34-13
impulse, 25-9
pressure, 16-2, 23-18, 41-3
pressure method, 41-29
property, 25-2
quality management, 63-30
residual chlorine, 68-8
resistance, 42-2
response, 62-2
specific energy, 16-2 (ftn)
strain, 48-4
suction head, 18-6, 18-7
superelevation, 58-8
Tough material, 48-1, 48-7
Toughened ceramic, 47-18
Toughening, 49-9
Toughness, 48-7, 48-14
elastic, 48-7
modulus of, 48-7
notch, 48-14, 48-15, 49-9, 55-7
test, 48-14
Tow, 47-20 (ftn)
Tower
cooling, 39-1
direct-condensing, 39-3
dry cooling, 39-3
fill, 39-1 (ftn)
forced, draft, 39-1

indirect-condensing dry cooling, 39-3


load, 39-2
losses, 39-1
packed, 71-3, 71-23
shadow, 31-4, 31-5
spray, 71-2, 71-23
tray, 71-23
unit, 39-2
Town gas, 21-8 (ftn)
Toxaphene, 68-17
Toxic air, 68-2
Toxicity
dilution, 40-10
leaching characteristic, 68-2
TQM, 63-30
Tracheid, 47-17
Tracing
electric heat, 34-21
heat, 34-21
steam, 34-21
Trade-in allowance, 74-18
Traditional organochlorine pesticide, 68-17
Train
efficiency of the gear, 54-12
gear, 59-5
ratio, 59-6
value, 59-6, 59-7
value, epicyclic gear, 59-7
Trans mer, 47-16
Transaction, short-term, 74-3
Transcendental function
circular, 6-2
derivative, 8-2
integral of, 9-1
Transducer, 15-2, 44-1, 65-6
casing, 60-21
potentiometer, 64-3
proximity displacement, 60-21
velocity, 60-21
Transfer
axis theorem, 50-4
coefficient, overall heat, 34-7
conductive heat, 34-2
die, 65-6
function, 62-3 (ftn)
function, closed-loop, 62-4
function, direct, 62-4
function, error, 62-4
function, feedback, 62-4
function, forward, 62-4
function, loop, 62-4
function method, 43-3
function, open-loop, 62-4
function, overall, 62-4
function, reverse, 62-4
function, transform, 62-3 (ftn)
heat, 34-2, 34-6
heat, combined, 37-4
heat, film, 34-7
molding, 65-10
overall coefficient of heat, 42-2
rate, heat, 34-6
total heat, 34-6, 34-13
transient heat, 34-12, 34-14
unit, 71-24
unit, height of, 71-24
units method, 36-20
units, number, 71-21
Transferred duty, 29-8
Transform
fast Fourier, 9-8
Laplace, 10-5, A-11
of the transfer function, 62-3 (ftn)
Transformation
coefficient of, 5-3
matrix, 5-3
Transformed stiffness, 60-8
Transformer, 72-6
Transgranular, 20-19
Transient
component, 60-12
heat flow, 34-12
heat transfer, 34-12

I-63

heat transfer, graphical solution, 34-14


modulus, 34-5
response, 62-2
state, 63-35
Transition, 63-34
element, 20-4
matrix, 63-34
metal, 20-4 (ftn)
real, 63-34
region, 16-7
temperature, 48-15
temperature, ductile, 48-15
temperature, glass, 47-18
virtual, 63-34
Transitional flow, 19-5
Translation, pure, 58-2
Translucent material, 73-4
Transmissibility, 60-12
linear, 60-12
Transmissible vector, 5-1 (ftn)
Transmission
coefficient, 73-11
continously variable (CVT), 59-5
dynamometer, 64-13
factor, 25-18
loss, 42-1, 73-11
rope, 66-2
shock, 60-20
Transmittance, 31-2
overall heat, 34-7
smoke, 68-20
Transmitted
load, gear, 54-12
power vs. torque, 54-10
shock, 60-20
Transonic travel, 14-15
Transparent, 73-4
material, 73-4
Transport process, 24-2
Transportation problem, 63-12, 63-14
Transpose, 4-4, 4-5
Transverse
axis, 7-11
circular pitch, 54-12, 54-13
component, 57-9
fin, 34-20
load, truss, 45-16
loading, 45-16
pitch, 36-8
pressure, 17-28
sensitivity factor, 64-9
velocity, 57-9
wave, 73-5
Trap, steam, 16-14, 34-21
float, 16-14
inverted bucket, 16-14
thermodynamic disc, 16-14
thermostatic, 16-14
Trapezoid, mensuration, A-7, A-8
Trapezoidal
cam profile, 59-12 (ftn)
channel conveyance factor, A-58
loading curve, 45-6
rule, 7-1
Trash, 21-4
Travel
hypersonic, 14-15
supersonic, 14-15
transonic, 14-15
Traveled distance, 57-3
Traverse
point, 70-2
sampling points, 70-2 (fig)
Tray tower, 71-23
Tread, tire, 47-13 (ftn)
Treatment
all-volatile, 20-24
caustic phosphate, 20-24
leachate, 68-13
shock, 26-13
wastewater, 71-25
zero-solids, 20-24

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I N D E X

I-64

M E C H A N I C A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - U

Tree
decision, 63-33
diagram, 63-33
system, 67-6
Trestle, 45-13
Triad, Cartesian, 5-2
Triadimenol, 68-18
Trial, 11-2
successive, 11-4
Triangle, 6-2
formula, A-7
general, 6-5 (fig)
oblique, 6-5
Pascals, 3-3
right, 6-2
similar, 6-2
special, 6-2
spherical, 6-6
Triangular matrix, 4-2
Triaxial loading, 52-3, 52-5
Triazine, 68-17
Tridymite, 47-18
Trifunctionality, 47-15
Trigonometric
form, 3-7
function, 6-2
functions in a unit circle, 6-3 (fig)
identity, 6-2, 6-3, 6-4, 6-5
Trigonometry, spherical, 6-6
Trihalomethane, 68-21
Trihedral angle, 6-6
Trimetric view, 2-3
Trimmer, die, 65-8
Trimming, die, 65-9
Trioxide, sulfur, 21-4, 68-20
Triple
cross product, 5-5
integral, 9-3
junction cell, 31-4
junction solar cell, 31-4
modular redundancy, 63-9
point, 49-4
point property, 23-8
product, mixed, 5-4, 5-5
scalar product, 5-5
Triplex
chain, 59-17
pump, 18-2
Tripling time, 74-8, 74-9
Tripod, 45-22 (fig)
Tritium, 20-2
Trivial solution, 3-7 (ftn)
Tropopause, 15-13 (ftn)
Troposphere, 15-13 (ftn)
Trough-electric system, 31-3
True
airspeed, 29-2
rake angle, 65-2
strain, 48-5
stress, 48-5
Trunk
duct system, 41-13
system, reducing, 41-13
Truss, 45-12
bridge, 45-12
deflection, 51-17
determinate, 45-13
indeterminate, 46-7
pipe, 16-10
rigid, 45-12
transverse load, 45-16
types, 45-13 (fig)
TTT curve, 49-6
Tube (see also Tubing), 35-7
crossflow, 36-8
fluid, 36-10
impact, 16-5
-in-tube heat exchanger, 36-10
piezometer, 15-2
pitot, 16-5, 25-22
stagnation, 16-5
static pressure, 15-2
torque, 59-18

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M A N U A L

Tubeaxial fan, 41-4


Tubesheet feedwater heater, 26-15
Tubing
Birmingham wire gage, A-132, A-133
copper, 16-9
dimensions, brass and copper, A-46
dimensions, BWG, A-47
dimensions, copper, A-45
dimensions, seamless steel boiler, A-47
dimensions, steel boiler, A-47
for fluid power, 19-4
polybutylene, 67-4
type F, 19-4
type S, 19-4
Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers
Association, 36-11 (ftn)
Tumbling, 65-14
Tuned system, 60-13
Tungsten-inert gas, 47-11
Tunnel
duct, mine, 41-32
wind, 17-42
Turbine, 17-15, 26-8, 26-9
adiabatic efficiency, 26-9
advanced system, 29-5
aeroderivative combustion, 29-1
axial-flow, 18-23
back pressure, 26-8
combustion, 29-1
compound, 26-8
compound, tandem, 26-8
control, 26-16, 26-17
cross-compound, 26-8
direct coal-fueled, 29-2
efficiency, overall, 26-9
expansion, single-stage, 26-9 (fig)
expansion, two-stage, 26-10 (fig)
extraction, 26-9
-follow, 26-17
-follow mode, 26-17
Francis, 18-23
fuel, 29-2
gas, 29-1
heavy-duty, 29-1
high-head, 18-21
high-pressure, 26-8
impulse, 17-36, 18-21, 26-8
indirect coal-fired, 29-3
intermediate-pressure, 26-8
isentropic efficiency, 26-9
low-pressure, 26-8
meter, 17-27
power, 17-36, 18-22, 26-9
propeller, 18-23
radial-flow, 18-23
reaction, 18-23, 26-8
regulation, 26-16, 26-17
reheat, 26-9
runner, 18-21
specific speed, 18-21
split shaft, 29-1
steam, 26-8
supercritical-pressure, 26-8
superposed, 26-8
throttle valve, 26-17
topping, 26-8
type, 18-23
work, 26-9
Turboblower, 32-1 (ftn)
Turbocharger, 28-11, 32-1 (ftn)
Turbocompressor, 32-1 (ftn)
Turbofan, 29-2
Turbojet, 29-2
Turbulence, propeller, 31-4
Turbulent flow, 16-7, 17-5
Turndown ratio, 26-3, 26-14
Turns
effective number of, 66-13
ratio, 72-6
Tuye` re, 26-3, 47-2
TWA, 73-12
Twaddell scale, 14-5 (ftn)

Twist
angle, 48-8, 53-14
center of, 53-17
Two
-angle formula, 6-4
-dimensional cutting, 65-2
-dimensional mensuration, A-7
-dimensional space, vector in, 5-1 (fig)
-force member, 45-6, 45-12
lines, angle, 7-8
-metal corrosion, 20-18
-point form, 7-5
points, distance, 7-7
-port black box, 61-1
-position control, 44-2
-stage compression, 32-7
-stage dust collectors, 41-32
-stage expansion, turbine, 26-9
-stage turbine expansion, 26-10 (fig)
-step transition matrix, 63-34
-stroke cycle, 28-2
-stroke, diesel, 28-2
-tail confidence limit, 11-15
-two system, 26-5
-way catalytic converter, 28-2 (ftn)
Twos complement, 12-4
Type
0 system, 62-13 (ftn)
1 system, 62-13 (ftn)
2 system, 62-13 (ftn)
air conditioning system, 44-1
F, tubing, 19-4
I error, 11-14, 63-26
II error, 11-15, 63-26
n system, 62-13 (ftn)
number, 3-1
of flange, 55-18 (fig)
of valves, 16-13 (fig)
-one chip, 65-1
S, tubing, 19-4
-three chip, 65-1 (ftn), 65-2 (ftn)
-two chip, 65-1, 65-2
weld, by location, 55-10 (fig)
Types
of views, 2-1
suspension, 66-17
Typical
characteristics, materials in advanced
flywheels, 59-5 (tbl)
clutch and brake design
parameter, 54-20 (tbl)
controls integration, 44-2
integration of power-generating
elements, 26-2 (fig)
journal bearing parameter, 54-25 (tbl)
sprinkler system components, 67-7 (fig)
system integration (power cycles), 26-1
V6 timing belt installation, 54-18 (fig)

U
U
-joint, 59-18
-tube heat exchanger, 36-12
-tube manometer (see also
Manometer), 15-2
-waste, 68-3
U -factor, 34-7
ULPA, 40-11
Ultimate
analysis, 20-6, 20-7, 21-2
CO2, 21-13
strength, 48-3, 53-2
strength design, 51-2 (ftn)
Ultra-low penetration air, 40-11
Ultrafinishing, 65-5
Ultrahigh-strength steel, 47-6
Ultralow NOx burner, 71-17
Ultrasonic
flowmeter, 17-28
machining, 65-6
test, 48-14
Ultrasound testing, 48-12

Ultrasupercritical boiler, 26-4


Unadjusted basis, 74-21
Unavailability, 63-9
Unbalanced force, 45-1, 58-4
Unbiased estimator, 11-12, 11-13
Unbonded strain gauge, 64-8 (ftn)
Unburned fuel loss, 21-16
Uncertainty analysis, 74-44
Unconstrained motion, 58-11
Undamped
forced vibration, 60-2
sinusoidal oscillation, 62-9
Underdamped, 60-9
Under-expansion, 25-13
Underfeed stoking, 26-3
Underflow, 66-15
Underground storage tank, 68-20
Undetermined coefficients,
method of, 3-6, 10-4
Unfired HRSG, 29-8
Unforced response, 62-1
Unicouple, 31-9
Unified Numbering System, 47-1, 47-2
Uniform
acceleration, 57-3
acceleration formulas, 57-4 (tbl)
annual cost, equivalent, 74-7
attack corrosion, 20-19
flow, 16-9
gradient factor, 74-8
motion, 57-3
pressure, clutch, 54-21
series cash flow, 74-3
suspension, 66-17
time flow, 63-32
wear, clutch, 54-21
Union set, 11-1
Unit
air conditioner, 33-2
air handling (AHU), 40-11, 41-3, 44-2
angstrom, A-1, A-2
base, 1-5
base-load, 26-16
blower-coil, 41-3
British thermal, 23-5
circle, 6-1
conductance, 34-7
derived, 1-6 (tbl)
dynamic, 62-4
fan-coil, 41-3, 41-4
feedback, 62-4
hyperbola, 6-5
impulse, 61-2
impulse function, 10-6
load method, 51-18
make-up air, 41-3
matrix, 4-2
non-SI, 1-7
number of transfer, 71-21
open window, 73-10
operation, 26-1
package, 41-3
peaking, 26-16
primary, 1-7
ramp, 61-2
rayl, 73-6
resistance, 42-2
rooftop, 41-3
SI, 1-5
SI conversion, A-3
sphere, 6-6
step, 61-2
step function, 10-6
step response, 62-2
system, 26-3
terminal, 41-3
time measurement, 63-17
tower, 39-2
transfer, 71-24
vector, 5-2, 45-2
vector, Cartesian, 5-2 (fig)
weight, 14-5

Unitary
air conditioner, 33-2
equipment, 44-1
Units
consistent system of, 1-2
of pressure, 14-2
of production depreciation, 74-22
SI derived, 1-5, 1-6
supplementary, 1-6 (tbl)
Universal
constant, Newtons, 58-20
gas constant, 14-10, 23-14
gravitation, Newtons, 58-20
joint, 59-18
set, 11-1
standard data, 63-17
Universe, 11-3, 24-1
Unloading curve, 48-7
Unsaturated
air, 38-2
hydrocarbon, 21-2
position, 47-16
Unstable equilibrium, 58-2
Unsteady
-state heat transfer, 34-12
heat transfer, 34-12
Unweighted
response, 73-6
sum, 73-8
Upgrade, coal, 21-5
Upper
bound, 9-4
control limit, 63-23
critical point, 49-4
explosive limit, 67-21
flammable limit, 67-21
limit, 9-4
Upright sprinkler, 67-9
Upset forming, 65-8
Uptime, 63-9
Upwind machine, 31-4
Urea, 68-15 (ftn)
Usage, electrical, 72-7
Use factor, 26-16
Useful
life, 74-20
work, 26-9 (ftn)
UST, 68-20
Utilization
coefficient of, 73-3
factor, 73-3
fuel, 29-9

V
Vacuum, 14-3
extraction, 71-25
forming, 65-10
valve, 16-14
Value (see also type)
alpha-, 64-5
analysis, 74-44
average (by integration), 9-4, 74-30
book, 74-23
boundary, 10-1
brake, 28-3
ceiling, 40-10
characteristic, 4-8
command, 62-13
Dulong and Petit, 23-8
effective, 72-5
engineering, 63-28, 74-44
expected, 11-8, 74-30
face, 74-29
final, 62-7
heating, 21-14
indicated, 28-3
initial, 9-4, 10-1
k-, 54-2
limiting, 3-9
market, 74-23
multiplier for C-, 67-12 (tbl)
of money, time, 74-5

I-65

pace, 30-2
R-, 34-4
reference, 62-13
residual, 74-16
root-mean-square, 11-12
salvage, 74-18
standard normal, 11-6, 11-12
terminal, 74-16
threshold limit, 40-10
train, 59-6
Values
instantaneous, 57-2
of z, 11-15 (tbl)
Valve, 16-12, 26-13
air release, 16-12
air, siphon, 16-14
alarm check, 67-5
angle, 16-12
angle lift, 16-12
antireversal, 16-12
ball, 16-12
butterfly, 16-12
characteristics, 16-13
check, 16-12
closed-center, 19-3
combination air, 16-14
control, 19-3
cylinder-spool, 19-3
deluge, 67-3
diagram, 16-13 (tbl)
double orifice air, 16-14
double-acting, 19-3
dry pipe, 67-2, 67-3
equivalent length, A-54
expansion, 33-1
fire protection (see also type), 67-3
flow coefficient, 17-13
flow factor, 19-5
four-way, 19-3
free-flow, 19-3
gate, 16-12
globe, 16-12
high-pressure-carryover, 19-3
hydraulic control, 19-3
indicating butterfly, 67-5
lift, 16-12
make-or-break, 16-14
motor-spool, 19-3
needle, 16-12
nonreverse flow, 16-12
open-center, 19-3
open-center-power-beyond, 19-3
OS&Y, 67-5
outside screw and yoke, 67-5
plug, 16-12
poppet, 28-3 (ftn)
position, 19-3
post-indicating, 67-4
preaction, 67-2, 67-3
pressure operated relief, 67-3
pressure reduction, 19-3
pressure-relief, 17-39, 55-20
primary control, 67-3
relief, 16-12
safety, 16-12
safety, full-lift, 16-12
safety, high-lift, 16-12
safety, low-lift, 16-12
safety relief, 16-12, 55-20
shutoff service, 16-12
single-acting, 19-3
slow-closing, 17-39
spool-type, 19-3
steam throttle, 26-17
swing, 16-12
tandem-center, 19-3
three-way, 19-3, 55-20
throttle, 26-17 (ftn)
throttling, 26-13, 26-17 (ftn), 33-1
throttling service, 16-12
tortuous-path, 26-13
types, 16-13 (fig)

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INDEX - V

I N D E X

I-66

M E C H A N I C A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - V

vacuum, 16-14
Y-, 16-12
van der Waals
equation of state, 23-20
force, 23-20
Vane, 17-35
inlet, 41-7
switch, 67-5
Vaneaxial fan, 41-6
Vapor
compression cycle, 33-4
compression cycle, dry, 33-4
compression cycle, wet, 33-4
condensing, 35-7, 71-25
condensing, film, 35-7
dome, 23-3
-dominated reservoir, 31-6
/gas mixture, 23-2
incinerator, 71-17
-liquid mixture, properties of, 23-13
power cycle, 27-1
pressure, 14-9, 38-2
pressure head, 18-6 (ftn)
pressure, moist air, 38-2
pressure, Reid, 68-10
properties of saturated, 23-14
properties of superheated, 23-14
saturated, 23-2
superheated, 23-2, 23-3
Vaporization, latent heat of, 23-8
Variable, 3-2
across-, 61-3
air volume box, 41-3
air volume terminal box, 41-3
-area meter, 17-27
-capacitance transducer, 64-4
chart, 63-22
cost, 74-32
dependent, 3-2
dimension of, 1-8 (tbl)
effort, 19-8
flow rate, 41-7
frequency drive, 41-8
independent, 3-2
-inductance transducer, 64-4
matrix, 4-6
-pitch pulley, 41-8
pressure mode, 26-17
reduced, 23-20
-reluctance transducer, 64-4
resistor, 64-3
response, 61-2
speed fan drive, 41-7
standard normal, 11-12
state, 61-2, 63-33, 63-34
throttle pressure, 26-17
through-, 61-3
time flow, 63-32
Variance
account, 74-36
burden, 74-36
reduction techniques, 63-32
sample, 11-13
Variate, standard normal, 11-12
Variation
chordal velocity, 59-17
coefficient of, 11-13, 63-16
of parameters, 10-4
Varignons theorem, 45-3
Varying mass, 58-19
VAV
box, 41-3
box, dual duct, 41-13
terminal box, 41-3
V-belt, 54-17, 58-7
VBI, 14-16
VBN, 14-16
Vector, 5-1
addition, 5-3
bound, 5-1 (ftn)
Cartesian unit, 5-2
characteristic, 4-8
control, 62-14

P P I

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R E F E R E N C E

cross product, 5-4 (fig)


dot product, 5-3 (fig)
equal, 5-1
equivalent, 5-1 (ftn)
field, curl, 8-7
field, divergence, 8-7
fixed, 5-1 (ftn)
function, 5-5
gradient, 8-5
in two-dimensional space, 5-1 (fig)
inertia, 56-2, 58-5 (ftn)
multiplication, 5-3
normal line, 8-6
normal to plane, 7-6
orthogonal, 5-3
output, 62-14
phasor form, 5-2
polar form, 5-2
position, 45-3
rectangular form, 5-2
resultant, 5-3
sliding, 5-1 (ftn)
transmissible, 5-1 (ftn)
triple product, 5-5
unit, 5-2, 45-2
Vehicle, electric, 31-10
Veil, 47-20
corporate, piercing, 75-3
Velocity, 57-3
absolute, 57-10
acoustic, 14-14, 73-5
actual filtering, 71-6
angular, 57-7
areal, 58-20
average, 16-8
bulk, 16-8
burnout, 58-19
burst, 59-4
centerline, 16-8
chain, 59-16
characteristic exhaust, 25-9
characteristic, cyclone, 66-13
chip, 65-2
coefficient, nozzle, 25-8
coefficient of, 17-17, 17-29
conversion, SI, A-3, A-5
critical, sludge, 18-5, 18-6
-dependent force, 58-18
design filtering, 71-5
difference, relative, 17-35
distribution, 16-7
drift, 71-8, 71-9
effective drift, 71-9
effective exhaust, 25-8
effective peripheral, 66-17
effective wind, 40-6
energy, 16-1 (ftn)
equivalent wind, 40-6
escape, 58-21
face, 71-5
filtering, 71-5
flooding, 71-2
fluidizing, 26-3
gradient, 14-6, 17-14, 66-18
gross filtering, 71-5
head, 18-6
inlet, 66-13
jet, 17-17
maximum, fluid, 17-3
migration, 71-9
mixing, 66-18
net filtering, 71-5
net net filtering, 71-5
of approach, 16-5, 17-16, 17-17
of approach factor, 17-29
of whirl, 18-11 (ftn)
paddle, relative, 66-18
pitch circle, 54-10
potential function, 17-3
power, and torque in rotating
members, 54-10
pressure, 40-6, 41-3
pressure, sprinkler, 67-13

M A N U A L

profile, 16-8
propagation, 73-5
ratio, 59-6
ratio, chain, 59-16
ratio, gear, 54-11
ratio, pump, 18-3
reaction, 20-13
rebound, 58-17
-reduction method, 41-24
relative, 57-10
settling, 17-43, 70-3
shear, 65-2
sonic, 14-14, 25-4, 25-5, 73-5
superficial, 66-8
tangential, 18-22, 57-8
terminal, 17-43, 58-19, 70-3
terminal, duct, 41-30
theoretical maximum, 25-2
transducer, 60-21
variation, chain drive, 59-17
volume, 73-6
Vena contracta, 17-17, 17-30 (ftn)
Venn diagram, 11-1 (fig)
Ventilation, 40-1
air, 42-3
and infiltration, 43-4
dilution, 40-10
efficiency, 40-4
energy to warm, 42-1
for heat removal, 40-8
mold, 40-8
multizone, 40-4
outdoor air, 40-3
rate procedure, 40-2
standard, 40-2
zone, 40-3
Venturi
discharge coefficients, 17-30 (fig)
eductor, 66-8
effect, 17-29
feeder, 66-8
feeder, saturation, 66-8
meter, 17-29, 17-30 (fig)
meter performance, 17-29
nozzle, 25-5
scrubber, 71-20
scrubber collection efficiency, 71-21
Vers function, 6-4
Versed
cosine, 6-4
sine, 6-4
Versine, 6-4
Vertex
angle, 6-1
parabola, 7-10
Vertical
angle, 6-2
-axis rotor, 31-4
buckling, 51-19
plane surface, hydrostatic
pressure on, 15-7 (fig)
submersible turbine pump, 67-7
Vessel
nozzle pressure, 55-3
pipe pressure, 55-18
pressure, 55-2
pressure, material, 55-4
pressure, parts, 55-4 (fig)
pressure, radiographic inspection, 55-11
pressure, thickness, 55-8
VFD, 41-7
V-fan, 41-8 (ftn)
load factor, 41-8
Vibration, 60-2
angular natural frequency, 60-3
damped, forced, 60-2
damped, free, 60-9
forced, 60-2
free, 60-2
isolation, 60-12
modal, 60-19
natural, 60-2
pick-up, 60-21

sensor, 60-21
shaft, 60-15, 60-16
thin plate, 60-17
Vibratory feeder, 66-8
Vibrometer, 60-21
VIC, 68-22
Vicat softening point, 48-12
Vickers test, 48-13
View
auxiliary, 2-2
axonometric, 2-3
central, 2-1
dimetric, 2-3
factor, 37-2
frontal auxiliary, 2-2
horizontal auxiliary, 2-2
isometric, 2-3
normal, 2-1
oblique, 2-2
orthogonal, 2-1
orthographic, 2-1, 2-2
orthographic oblique, 2-3
perspective, 2-1, 2-3
plan, 2-2
planar, 2-2
principal, 2-2
profile auxiliary, 2-2
redundant, 2-2
trimetric, 2-3
types, 2-1
Virial
coefficient, 23-20
equation of state, 23-20
Virtual
displacement, 46-10
transition, 63-34
work, 51-18
Viscometer
concentric cylinder, 14-6 (ftn)
cup-and-bob, 14-6 (ftn)
Saybolt, 14-6 (ftn)
test, 14-6
Viscosity, 14-6
absolute, 14-6 (ftn)
Bingham-plastic limiting, 17-12
blending index, 14-16
blending number, 14-16
coefficient of, 14-6
conversion, 14-8, 14-9 (tbl)
conversion, SI, A-3, A-5
dynamic, 14-6 (ftn)
effect on head loss, 17-11
fluid, hydraulic pump, 19-6
fuels, A-22
grade, 14-9, 54-24
grade, oil, 19-3
heat transfer fluids, A-22
hydrocarbons, A-22
index, 14-9, 19-2 (ftn)
kinematic, 14-8, 16-7
limit, 54-25
lubricants, A-22
Newtons law of, 14-6, 14-7
non-Newtonian, 17-12
of common lubricating oils, 54-24 (fig)
power law, 17-12
Saybolt universal, 54-24
water, A-18
Viscous
coefficient, 58-19
damping, 60-9
damping, coefficient of, 58-19
drag, 58-18
flow, 16-7
Vision, center of, 2-3
Vitrification, 47-18, 71-4, 71-25
Vitrified clay pipe, 16-9
VOC, 68-20, 68-22
Void region, 7-3
Volatile
inorganic compound, 68-22
liquid, 14-10, 20-10 (ftn)

matter, 21-4
organic compound, 68-22
Volatility, 21-6, 67-20
Voltage, 61-8, 72-2
deflection, 64-10
divider, 72-4
drop, 72-3
induced, 17-27
line, 19-6 (ftn)
line-to-line, 19-6
motor, 72-17
phase, 19-6 (ftn)
regulation, 72-12
Voltammetric sensor, 64-3
Volume
clearance, 28-2, 32-3
closed system, constant, 24-8
constant, 24-2
control, 24-1
conversion, SI, A-3, A-5
cut-off, 28-11
damper, 41-24
flow conversion, SI, A-3, A-6
mensuration, A-9
mensuration of three-dimensional, A-9
molar, 20-6
molar specific, 23-5
of a fluid, 14-1
of revolution, 9-5, 50-3 (fig)
partial, 23-18
ratio, 23-11
specific, 14-4, 23-5
-surface ratio diameter, 70-5
swept, 28-2
swept, compressor, 32-3
velocity, 73-6
Volumetric
analysis, 21-2
diameter, 70-4
efficiency, 28-3, 32-4
efficiency, pump, 18-3
expansion, coefficient, 35-2, 51-4
flow rate, 17-3
fraction, 21-2, 23-18
strain, 14-14
von Mises
-Hencky theory, 52-5
stress, 52-5
theory, 48-8, 52-5
Vortex
double, 71-7
finder, 66-15
separator, 66-12
shedding, 41-31
Vorticity, 8-7
VSR, 67-5
Vulcanization, 47-13

W
Wadells roundness, 70-5
Wage incentive plan, 63-20
Wahl correction factor, 54-5
Waiting line, 63-6
Wake, drag, 17-41
Wall, 42-2
acceptor, 28-13
and roofs, instantaneous cooling
load, 43-3
complex, 34-8
composite, 34-7
heat transfer, 42-2
post, 67-5
shear stress factor, 17-5 (ftn)
thickness-diameter ratio, 41-14 (fig)
thickness, pipe, 19-4
thickness, pressure vessel, 55-3, 55-12
Warming, global, 68-10
Warning limit, 63-23
Wash, wind, 31-4

I-67

Washer
adiabatic air, 38-10
air, 38-10 (ftn)
Washing, soil, 71-22
Waste (see also type), 68-2
autogenous, 71-10 (ftn)
extrinsic, 68-2
fuel, 21-4
-heat boiler, 29-8
intrinsic, 68-2
K-, 68-3
municipal solid, 68-14, 71-14, 71-17
overautogenous, 71-10 (ftn)
P-, 68-3
solid, 71-14
subautogenous, 71-10 (ftn)
-to-energy facility, 71-14
U-, 68-3
Wastewater, 71-25
pump, 18-5
treatment, 71-25
Wasting, 20-24 (ftn)
Water
balance, post-closure, 68-12
boiling, film coefficient, 35-4
brake, 64-13
bulk modulus, 14-14
chemistry CaCO3
equivalents, A-59, A-60
chemistry equivalents, A-59, A-60
compressed, properties, A-69, A-90
deionized, 20-24
demineralized, 20-24
extinguisher, 67-20
film coefficients, 35-5
flow, steel pipes, 17-9, A-53
gas, 21-8 (ftn)
hammer, 17-38 (fig)
hammer factor, 19-4
hammer wave speed, 17-38
hardness, 20-21
horsepower, 17-15, 18-8
inches of, 41-3
make-up, 20-22
mist system, 67-3
-moderated reactor, 30-1
motor, 67-5
of crystallization, 20-6
of hydration, 20-6
oxygen, dissolved, A-58
pipe, Hazen-Williams, A-48
pipe, PVC dimensions, A-37, A-38, A-39
pipe, roughness, A-48
power, 18-7
pressure drop, steel pipe, A-53
properties, A-16, A-17
quality compartment, 68-19
range, 39-2
rate, 26-16
reactor, boiling, 30-2
reactor, pressure, 30-1
saturated, thermal
properties, A-122, A-123
-side economizer, 43-2
softening equivalents, A-59, A-60
spray humidification, 40-7
spray method, 40-7
spray system, 67-3
supply chemistry, 20-20
-tube boiler, 26-4
tubing dimensions, copper, A-45
vapor, 68-22
viscosity, A-18
Watt, 1-5
density, 42-4 (ftn)
Wave
celerity, 19-12 (ftn)
compression, 73-5
expansion, 25-13, 25-14
longitudinal, 73-5
Mach, 25-11 (ftn)
normal shock, 25-9, 25-11
oblique compression shock, 25-13

P P I

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INDEX - W

I N D E X

I-68

M E C H A N I C A L

E N G I N E E R I N G

INDEX - Z

oblique expansion shock, 25-13, 25-14


oblique shock, 25-11
power plant, 31-6
rarefaction shock, 25-13
shock, 25-9
sound, 73-5
speed, water hammer, 17-38
transverse, 73-5
weak shock, 25-11
Waveform
Fourier, 9-7
frequency, 9-6
period, 9-6
periodic, 9-6
symmetrical, 9-7 (tbl)
Wavelength, sound, 73-5
Waviness
height, 2-4
spacing rating, 2-4
width rating, 2-4
Weak
material, 48-1
shock wave, 25-11
Wear, uniform clutch, 54-21
Web, 50-4
crippling, 51-19
stiffener, 51-19
Weber number, 1-9 (tbl), 17-47 (ftn)
similarity, 17-47 (tbl)
Wedge, 58-7
angle, 65-2
pile, 66-6 (fig)
Weibull, 63-9
Weight, 1-1, 1-3, 20-7, 56-1
and proportion problem, 20-8
atomic, 20-2, A-57
chemical atomic, 20-2
combining, 20-7
density, 1-3
equivalent, 20-6
formula, 20-6
fraction, 23-18
-loaded accumulator, 19-6
molecular, 20-6
roughness, 2-4
specific, 14-5
unit, 14-5
Weighted
average cost, 74-31
average, time, 73-12
cost, 74-31
Weighting factor, 74-31
Weisbach equation, 17-6, 17-7
Weld
as lines, A-153
bead cracking, 47-9
decay, 20-19, 47-9
examination, 55-11
fillet, 53-14
fusion, 65-11 (fig)
group, A-153
group properties, A-153
slot, 6-2
symbol, 55-9, 55-10 (tbl)
throat, effective, 53-14
type, 65-11
type, by location, 55-10 (fig)
type, permitted, 55-10 (tbl)
Welded
-plate exchanger, 36-12
seam, 55-2 (ftn)
Welding, 65-11, 65-12
arc, 65-12
bell, 65-13
butt, 65-13 (fig)
gas, 65-11
neck flange, 55-17
pressure vessel, 55-9
Well
condensate, 26-11
hot, 26-11, 26-15
injection, 71-11
Western coal, 21-5

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R E F E R E N C E

M A N U A L

Wet
-bulb depression, 38-2
-bulb temperature, 38-2
compression, 33-4
condition, 58-6
pipe sprinkler system, 67-2
scrubber, 71-2
vapor compression cycle, 33-4
Wetted perimeter, 16-5, A-28
Weymouth
equation, 25-18
formula, 17-10
Wheatstone bridge, 64-9
Wheel sprocket, 59-16
Whirl, velocity of, 18-11 (ftn)
Whisker, 47-20 (ftn)
Whistle-blowing, 76-3 (ftn)
White
cast iron, 47-9, 49-8
noise, 73-4
Whole
air sample, 70-1
depth, 54-10
Width, 2-2
face, tooth, 54-10
pulse-, modulation, 41-8
Wind
-axis machine, 31-4
-axis rotor, 31-4
energy conversion system, 31-4
farm, 31-6
infiltration, 40-6
pressure, 40-6
shear, 31-5
surface pressure coefficient, 40-6
tunnel, 17-42
velocity, effective, 40-6
velocity, equivalent, 40-6
wash, 31-4
Windage loss, 39-2, 72-18
Windowbox, 29-10
Windows, instantaneous cooling load
from, 43-3, 43-4
Winfrey method, 74-16 (ftn)
Wingquist bearing, 54-22
Winter degree-days, 42-6
Wire
corona, 71-8
crossflow, 36-8
fiber core, 66-2
film coefficient, 35-6
independent core, 66-2
length, 54-6
rope, 66-2, 66-3
sheave, 66-3
size, AWG, 72-8
-strand core, 66-2
Wood, 47-17
as fuel, 21-4
properties, 47-17 (tbl)
Work, 22-2
actual and ideal, pump, 26-7
brake, 26-9 (ftn)
brake, compressor, 32-4
compressor, 32-4
done by force, 22-2
done by torque, 22-2
-energy principle, 22-3, 22-4, 53-20, 54-2
environment, 63-29
external, 22-2
factor, 63-17 (ftn)
finding graphically, 24-4
flow, 22-3, 23-5, 24-6
internal, 22-2, 48-6
lost, 17-4
measurement, 63-15
methods, 63-28
net, 24-11, 26-9 (ftn)
of a constant force, 22-2 (fig)
p-V, 22-3, 22-4, 23-5, 24-4
performed by a force, 9-4
sampling, 63-18
shaft, 24-5, 26-9

spring, 22-2
turbine, 26-9
useful, 26-9 (ftn)
virtual, 51-18
Working
cold, 49-9
depth, 54-10
hot, 49-9
stress design method, 53-2
Worm, 54-15
and worm gear terminology, 54-16 (fig)
drive, 54-15
gear, 54-15
gear set, 54-15
helix angle, 54-16
lead, 54-15, 54-16
lead angle, 54-16
lead ratio, 54-15
Worth
future, 74-5
method, present, 74-14, 74-15
present, 74-5
Wrap cable, 66-4
Wrought iron, 47-10
Wye-connection, 72-11
Wo hler curve, 48-9

X
x-bar chart, 63-22
X-Y heat exchanger, 36-11
X-ray testing, 48-12

Y
Y
-connection, 72-5
-valve, 16-12
Yaw, 58-2
angle, 17-28
Year-end convention, 74-3
Yield, 20-8, 74-28
bond, 74-30
classification, 66-16
mass, 71-15
point, 48-3
strength, 48-3
strength, lower, 48-3
stress, 17-12, 48-3
Youngs modulus, 48-2, 51-2
Yuba Power, Greenman v., 75-7 (ftn)

Z
z-values for confidence level, 11-15
Zebra mussel, 26-13
Zeolite, 20-21
process, 20-21
Zero, 3-3, 13-1, 62-8
-defect program, 63-29
diagram, pole-, 62-8
-discharge facility, 68-8
-force member, 45-14
function, 62-8
-indicating bridge, 64-9 (ftn)
-length loss, 41-18
matrix, 4-2
order reaction rate, 20-13
-solids treatment, 20-24
Zeroth law of thermodynamics, 23-4
Zonal primary airflow, 40-4
Zone
neutral, 41-4
occupant, 40-3
outdoor air, breathing, 40-2
outdoor airflow, 40-3
test, 63-23
ventilation, 40-3
ventilation, single-, 40-3
Zuber equation, 14-11
Zwietering
constant, 66-17
criterion, 66-17

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