Week 2 Chapter01

Discovering
Computers 2011
Living in a Digital World
Objectives Overview
Explain why computer

literacy is vital to
success in todays world
Define the term,

computer, and describe
the relationship
between data and
information
Describe the five

components of a
computer
Discuss the advantages

and disadvantages that
users experience when
working with
computers
Define the term,

network, and identify
benefits of sharing
resources on a network
Discuss the uses of the

Internet and World
Wide Web
See Page 3
for Detailed Objectives
2
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 1
Objectives Overview
Distinguish between system

software and application
software
Differentiate among types,

sizes, and functions of
computers in each category
Explain how home users,

small office/home office
users, mobile users, power
users, and enterprise users
each interact with
computers
See Page 3
for Detailed Objectives
Describe the role of each

element in an information
system
Discuss how society uses

computers in education,
finance, government, health
care, science, publishing,
travel, and manufacturing
3
A World of Computers.
Computers are everywhere
People use all types and sizes

of computer in their daily activities.
Pages 4 - 5
Figure 1-1
4
A World of Computers (Cont.)

Computers are a primary means of local
and global communication for billions of people.
- Customers correspond with business.
- Employees with other employees
and customers.
- Students with classmates and teachers.
- Family members and military personal
with friends.
Pages 4 - 5
5

People use computers for entertainments.
- Sending simple notes.
- Sharing photos and stories.
- Drawings.
- Documents, Calendars and Journals.
- Music and videos.
- Reading books and magazines.
- Planning.
Pages 4 - 5
6

Through computer, society has instant
access to information from around the globe.
- Local & national news.
- Weather reports.
- Sports scores.
- Airline schedules.
- Telephone directories, map and direction.
- Form of educational material.
Pages 4 - 5
7

Computers used at home, on the road
- Manage schedules and contacts.
- Listen to voice mail messages.
- Balance checkbooks.
- ATMs.
Pages 4 - 5
8

Vehicle
- Navigation system.
- Call for emergency services.
Grocery
- Track purchases.
- Calculate the amount of money due.
- Generate coupons.
Pages 4 - 5
9

Computer literacy,
also known as Digital literacy,
involves having a current knowledge
and understanding of computers
and their uses.
Pages 4 - 5
10
What Is a Computer?
A computer is an electronic device,
operating under the control of instructions
stored in its own memory
http://writer.dekd.com/kikkuga/writer/viewlongc.php?id=655180&chapter=1
Page 6
11
What Is a Computer? (Cont.)

Data and Information
Data is a collection of unprocessed items
- Text.
- Numbers.
- Images.
- Audio.
- Video.
Pages 6
12

Data :
Streams of raw facts representing events
occurring in organizations or the physical
environment before they have been organized
and arranged into a form that people
can understand and use.
Pages 6
13

Data and Information (Cont.)
Information conveys meaning
and is useful to people.
Pages 6
14

Information :
The concept of information is closely related
to notions of
- Constraint.
- Communication.
- Control.
- Data.
- Form.
- Instruction.
Pages 6
15

- Knowledge.
- Meaning.
- Mental stimulus.
- Pattern.
- Perception.
- Representation.
- Especially entropy.
Pages 6
16

Information Processing Cycle.
- Computers process data (input)
into information (output).
- Computers carry out processes
using instructions.
Collects data
(input)
Processing
Produces
information
(output)

Pages 6
17

A Computer processes data
into information.
In this simplified example,
the item ordered, item price, quantity
ordered, and amount received all
represent data.
The computer processes the data to
produced the cash register receipt
(information).
Page 6
Figure 1-2
18

Most Computers today communicate
with other computers.
As a result, communications also
has become an essential element
of the information processing cycle.
Pages 6
19
The Components of a Computer.

A computer contains many electric, electronic,
and mechanical components known as hardware
Pages 6 - 8
20
The Components of a Computer.
Common computer hardware components include a keyboard, mouse,

microphone, scanner, Web cam, printer, monitor, speakers, system unit,
hard disk drive, external hard disk, optical disc drive(s), USB flash drive,
card reader/writer, memory cards, and modem.
Page 7
Figure 1-3
21
The Components of a Computer (Cont.)

Input Devices.
Keyboard :
Enter data to the computer.
Mouse :
Controls movement of pointer,
and makes selections from the screen.
Pages 6
22

Microphone :
Converts sound into a form
the computer use.
Scanner :
Converts printed material
into a form the computer use.
Web cam :
Take pictures and store them.
Pages 6
23

Output Devices.
Printer :
Produces text and graphics on paper.
Monitor :
Displays text, graphics, and videos
on a screen.
Speakers :
Allow you to hear audios (sound).
Pages 7
24

System Unit.
Usually connected to a circuit board called
the motherboard
Processor (CPU: Central Processing Unit) :
Interprets and carries out the basic
instructions that operate the computer.
Memory :
Store instructions waiting
to be processed and data needed.
Pages 7
25

Storage Devices .
Storage media :
Used to keeps data, instructions
and information by a computer.
Example
- USB flash drives.
- Hard disks.
- Optical discs.
- Memory cards.
Pages 8
26

Hard disks.
Hard disks are self-contained
devices.
The hard disk shown
here must be installed
in the system unit
before it can be used.
Pages 8
27

Storage Devices :
Writes and/or read items to and from storage
media.
Example
- Drives.
- Readers/Writers.
Pages 8
28

Communication Devices
A Hardware component that enables a computer
to send (transmit) and receive data, instructions,
and information to and from one or more
computer or mobile devices.
A widely used is modem.
http://202.143.168.214/uttvc/HardwareUtility/page2.html
Pages 8
29

Communications occur over:
- Cables.
- Telephone line.
- Cellular radio network.
- Satellites.
- Other transmission media.
Pages 8
30
Advantages and Disadvantages

of Using Computers.
Advantages
of Using Computers
Disadvantages
of Using Computers
Speed
Health Risks
Reliability
Violation of Privacy
Consistency
Public Safety
Storage
Impact on Labor Force
Communications
Impact on Environment
Pages 9 - 10
31

of Using Computers (Cont.)
Advantages of Using Computers :
Speed :
Data flows at incredibly fast speeds.
Reliability :
Rarely break or fail.
Storage :
Store great amounts of data
and make data available.
Pages 9 - 10
32

Consistency :
Garbage in, garbage out
the accuracy of output depends
on the accuracy of input.
Pages 9 - 10
33

Communication :
Share any of 4 information
processing cycle
- Input.
- Process.
- Output.
- Storage.
Pages 9 - 10
34

Disadvantages of Using Computers :
Health Risk :
Prolong or improper computer lead to injuries
of organs.
Violation of Privacy :
Personal records that were not protected
properly can be stolen.
Pages 9 - 10
35

Public Safety :
Protect yourself and your dependents
from these criminals by being cautious
in e-mail messages and on Web sites.
Pages 9 - 10
36

Impact on Labor Force :
The skills of millions of employees
have been replaced by computer.
Impact on Environment :
Manufacturing processes
and waste are polluting the environment.
Pages 9 - 10
37

Green computing involves reducing
the electricity consumed and environmental
waste generated when using a computer.
Strategies include:
Recycling.
Regulating manufacturing processes.
Extending the life of computers.
Immediately donating or properly disposing
of replaced computers.
Page 10
38
Networks and the Internet.

A network is a collection of computers
and devices connected together,
often wirelessly, via communications devices
and transmission media
Pages 10 - 11
Figure 1-6
39
Networks.
A server manages
the resources on a network,
and clients access the resources
on the server.
This network enables
three separate computers
to share the same printer,
one wirelessly.
Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 1, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Green Computing
below Chapter 1
Pages 10 - 11
Figure 1-6
40
Networks and the Internet (Cont.)

Network allows computers to share resources
such as hardware, software, data
and information.
Server :
Controls access to the resources
on a network.
Client or Workstation :
Request resources from the server.
Pages 10 - 11
41

The Internet is a worldwide collection
of networks that
- Connects millions of businesses.
- Government agencies.
- Educational institutions.
- Individuals.

below Chapter 1
Page 11
Figure 1-7
42
The Internet.
The Internet is the largest computer network,

connecting millions of computers and devices around the world.
Page 11
Figure 1-7
43

People use the Internet for a variety of reasons:
Communicate
Research and
Access Information
Entertainment
Download Videos
Shop
Bank and Invest
Share Information
Online Trading
Web Application
Home and business users access the Internet for a variety of reasons.
Pages 12 - 13
Figure 1-8
44

Web : World Wide Web
- Popular services on the internet.
- Contains billions of documents
call Web pages.
Web page contain text, graphics, animation,
audio, and video.
Web site a collection of related Web pages.
Pages 12 - 13
45

A social networking Web site encourages
members to share with other registered users
- Interests.
- Ideas.
- Stories.
- Photos.
- Music.
- Videos
below Chapter 1
Page 14
Figure 1-9
46
Social Networking Web Site.
Facebook is a popular social networking Web site.

Page 14
Figure 1-9
47
Computer Software.
Software, also called a Program,
tells the computer what tasks to perform
and how to perform them

below Chapter 1
Pages 15 - 16
Figures 1-10 - 1-11
48
Computer Software (Cont.)

System Software consists of the programs that
control or maintain the operations of the
computer and its devices.
Two type of system software :
Operating system.
Utility programs.
Pages 16
49

Operating system.
A set of programs that coordinates
all the activities among computer hardware
devices.
Provides a means for user to communicate
with the computer and other software.
- Microsofts Windows.
- Mac OS.
Pages 16
50

Utility programs.
A program that performs a specific task related
to the management of
- Computer functions.
- Resources or files.
- As password protection.
- Memory management.
- Virus protection.
- File compression.
Pages 16
51

Application Software
Consists of programs designed
to make users more productive
and/or assist them with personal tasks.
Stores that sell computer products

have shelves stocked with software for sale.
Pages 16
52

Installing is the process of setting up software
to work with
- Computer.
- Printer.
- Other hardware.
How to install and run a computer program.

Pages 16 - 17
Figure 1-12
53
Installing and Running

a Computer Program.
Step 1 : INSTALL
When you insert a program disc,
such as a photo editing program,
in the optical disc drive
for the first time, the computer
beings the procedure of installing
the program on the hard disk.
Pages 16 - 17
Figure 1-12
54

a Computer Program (Cont.)
Step 2 : RUN
Once installed,
you can instruct
the computer
to run the program.
The computer transfers instructions
from the hard disk
to memory.
Pages 16 - 17
Figure 1-12
55

a Computer Program (Cont.)
Step 3 : USE
The program executes
so that you can use it.
This program enables you
to edit photos.
Pages 16 - 17
Figure 1-12
56

Software Development
A programmer develops software
or writes the instructions that direct
the computer to process data
into information.
Page 18
Figure 1-13
57

Popular programming languages :
- C++
- Java
- JavaScript
- Visual C#
- Visual Basic
Page 18
Figure 1-13
58
Window appears
when user runs program.
Visual Basic program instruction.
Page 18
Figure 1-13
59
Categories of Computers.
Personal computers
Mobile computers and mobile devices

Game consoles
Servers
Mainframes
Supercomputers
Embedded computers
Page 19
60
Personal Computers.
A personal computer can perform all of
Input.
Processing.
Output.
Storage activities.
Two type of personal computer :

Desktop computer
Notebook computer.
Page 19
Figures 1-15 - 1-16
61
Personal Computers (Cont.)

Two popular architectures
are the PC and the Apple
PC and PC-compatible computers usually Apple computers, such as the iMac, usually
use a Windows operating system.
use a Macintosh operating system.
Page 19
Figures 1-15 - 1-16
62
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices.
Pages 20 - 23
63
Mobile Computers
and Mobile Devices (Cont.)

below Chapter 1
Pages 20 - 22
Figures 1-17 1-20
64
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

below Chapter 1
Pages 22 - 23
Figures 1-21 1-23
65
Mobile Computers
Notebook Computers,
also called a Laptop Computer,
is a portable,
personal computer
often designed
to fit on your lap.
http://www.laptoppcstores.com/2011/03/16/notebook-laptop-computer-4/
Pages 21
66
Mobile Computers
Tablet PCs is a special type
of notebook computer
that allows you to write
or draw on the screen
using a digital pen.
http://www.magitnt.com/2010/10/tablet-pc-%E2%80%93-next-generation-personal-computers/
Pages 21
67
Mobile Computers
Smart Phones is an Internet-enabled phone
that also provides personal information
management function.
Some smart phones have

touch screens; other have
mini keyboards.
http://vidiemi.blogspot.com/2011/04/hotel-replaces-room-keys-withcell.html
Pages 21
68
Mobile Computers
PDAs (Personal Digital Assistant)
A handheld computer for managing contacts,
appointments and tasks.
Include :
- Name.
- Address database.
- Calendar.
- To-do list.
- Note taker.
Pages 22
http://www.ordenadores-yportatiles.com/pda.html
69
Mobile Computers
Handheld Computer or Ultra-Mobile PC (UMPC)
is a computer small enough to fit in one hand.
This handheld computer

is a lightweight computer
that enables delivery people
to obtain and record information about
their deliveries.
http://veevec.blogspot.com/
Pages 22
70
Mobile Computers
Portable Media Players
is a mobile device on
which you can store,
organize, and play digital
media.
- Listen to music.
- Watch videos
and movies
- View photos
iPod is a popular
portable media player
Pages 23
71
Mobile Computers
Digital Camera is a device that allows users
to take pictures and store the photographed
images digitally, instead of on traditional film.
With a digital camera,

users can view photographed images
immediately through a small screen
on the camera to see if the picture
is worth keeping.
http://www.toycameras.net/aticle/polaroid-pogo-instant-digitalcamera.html
Pages 22
72
Game Consoles.
A game console is a mobile computing device
designed for single-player
or multiplayer
video games.
Game consoles provide hours

of video game entertainment.
Page 24
Figure 1-24
73
Game Consoles (Cont.)

A handheld game console is small enough
to fit in one hand, making it more portable than
the standard game console.
With the handheld game console :
Control.
Screen.
Speaker.
Page 24
Figure 1-24
74
Servers.
A server controls access
to the hardware,
software, and other
resources on a network
- Provides a centralized
storage area
for programs, data,
and information.
Page 25
Figure 1-25
A server controls access

to resources on a network.
75
Mainframes.
A mainframe
is a large, expensive,
powerful computer
that can handle
hundreds
or thousands
of connected users
simultaneously.
Page 25
Figure 1-26
Mainframe computers can handle

thousands of connected computers
and process millions of instructions
per second.
76
Supercomputers.
A supercomputer is the fastest,
most powerful computer
- Fastest supercomputers are capable
of processing more than one quadrillion
instructions in a single second.
Page 25
Figure 1-27
77
Supercomputers.
This supercomputer,
IBMs Roadrunner,
can process more than
one quadrillion instructions
in a single second.
Page 25
Figure 1-27
78
Embedded Computers.
An embedded computer is a special-purpose
computer that functions as a component
in a larger product.
Consumer
Electronics
Mobile and digital
telephones
Digital televisions
Cameras
Video recorders
DVD players and
recorders
Answering
machines
Home Automation
Devices
Thermostats
Sprinkling systems
Security monitoring
systems
Appliances
Lights
Automobiles
Antilock brakes
Engine control
modules
Airbag controller
Cruise control
Process Controllers
and Robotics
Remote monitoring
systems
Power monitors
Machine
controllers
Medical devices
Page 26
Computer Devices
and Office Machines
Keyboards
Printers
Faxes
Copiers
79
Embedded Computers.
Page 26
Figure 1-28
Some of the embedded computers designed to improve

your safety, security, and performance in todays automobiles.
80
Elements of an Information System.
Hardware
Software
People
Data
Procedures

below Chapter 1
Page 27
81
Elements of an Information System (Cont.)

Hardware :
Must be reliable and capable
of handling the expected workload.
Software :
Must be developed carefully
and tested thoroughly.
Page 27
82

Data :
Entered into the computer must be accurate.
People : Staff in the IT department
Should be skilled and up-to-date
on the latest technology.
Should train users to understand
how to use the computer properly.
Development of computer applications
that relate to their areas of work.
Page 27
83

Procedure : IT application
Should have readily available documented
procedures that address operating
the computer and using its programs.
Page 27
84
How the Elements of an Information System

in an Enterprise Might Interact.
Step 1 :
IT Staff (people) develop processes
(procedures)
for recording checks (data) received
from customers.
Page 27
Figure 1-29
Step 2 :
Employee (people)
in the accounts receivable
department use a program (software)
to enter the checks (data) in the computer
85
How the Elements of an Information System

in an Enterprise Might Interact.
Step 3 :
The computer (hardware) performs
calculations required to process
the accounts receivable data and stores
the results on storage media
such as a hard disk (hardware).
Step 4 :
Customer statements, the information,
print on a corporate printer (hardware).
Page 27
Figure 1-29
86
Examples of Computer Usage.
Home User
Personal financial management
Web access
Communications
Entertainment
Small Office/Home
Office User
Look up information
Send and receive e-mail
messages
Make telephone calls
Mobile User
Connect to other computers on
a network or the Internet
Transfer information
Play video games
Listen to music
Watch movies

below Chapter 1
Pages 28 31
Figures 1-30 1-32
87
Examples of Computer Usage (Cont.)
Power User
Enterprise User
Work with multimedia

Use industry-specific
software
Communicate among
employees
Process high volumes
of transactions
Blog

below Chapter 1
Pages 31 32
Figures 1-33 1-34
88

Home User (Family member)
Spends time on the computer
for different reasons that include :
- Personal financial management.
- Web access.
- Communications.
- Entertainment.
Pages 31
89

On the Internet, home users access
Huge amount of information.
Conduct research.
Take college class.
Pay bill.
Manage investment.
Shop.
Pages 31
90
Listen to the radio.

Watch Movie.
Read book.
File tax.
Book airline reservation.
Make telephone call.
Play game.
Pages 31
91

Small Office/Home Office User (SOHO)
Includes any company
with fewer than 50 employees,
as well as the self-employed
who work form home.
Pages 31
92

Small Offices include :
Local law practices.
Accounting firms.
Travel agencies.
Florists.
Pages 31
93

Mobile User
Who work on a computer or mobile device
while away from
- Main office.
- Home office.
- School.
Pages 31
94

Examples of Mobile User
Sales representative.
Real estate agent.
Insurance agent.
Meter reader.
Pages 31
95
Package delivery people.

Journalist.
Consultant.
Student.
Pages 31
96

Mobile Users have a variety
of mobile computers and devices
while away from a wired connection so that
they can
- Work.
- Do homework.
- Send messages.
- Connect to the Internet.
- Play games.
Pages 31
97

Power User
Often work with
- Multimedia.
- Combining text.
- Graphics.
- Audio.
- Video.
into one application.
Pages 31
98

Examples of Power User
Engineer.
Scientists.
Architects.
Graphic artists.
Desktop publisher.
Pages 31
99

Enterprise User
An enterprise has hundreds or thousands
of employees or customers
that work in or do business with offices
across a region, the country , or the world.
Pages 32
100

Telecommuting is a work arrangement
in which employees work away
from a companys standard workplace
and often communicate
with the office through the computer.
Pages 32
101

Putting It All Together
The previous page discussed the hardware
and software requirements for
Home user.
Small office/home office user.
Mobile user.
Power user.
Enterprise user.
Pages 32
102
Categories of Users.
User
Hardware
Home
Desktop
or notebook
computer.
Smart phone
or other
mobile device.
Game
Consoles.
Pages 32
Software
Business. (e.g., Word processing)
Personal information manager.
Personal finance, online banking,

tax preparation.
Web browser.
E-mail, blogging, instant messaging,
chat rooms, and online social networking.
Internet telephone calls.
Photo and video editing.
Reference. (e.g., Encyclopedias)
Entertainment. (e.g., Game)
Education. (e.g., Tutorials)
103
User
Hardware
Small Office/ Desktop

Home Office
or notebook
computer.
Smart phone
or other
mobile device.
Shared
network
printer.
Software
Business. (e.g., Word processing,
Spreadsheet, Database)
Company specific (e.g., Accounting, Legal
reference)
Network management.
Web browser.
E-mail.
Internet telephone calls.
Pages 32
104
User
Mobile
Hardware
Software
Notebook computer Business. (e.g., Word processing,

Note taking, Presentation)
equipped
with wireless
modem, or a netbook Web browser.
or Tablet PC.
E-mail.
Video projector.
Smart phone
or other mobile
device.
Handheld game
consoles.
Pages 32
105
User
Power
Hardware
Workstation
or other powerful
computer
with multimedia
capabilities.
Smart phone
or other mobile
device.
Software
Desktop publishing.
Multimedia authoring.
Computer-aided design.
Photo, audio, and video editing.
Web browser.
E-mail.
Pages 32
106
User
Hardware
Enterprise Server
or mainframe.
Desktop
or notebook
computer.
Industry-specific
handheld computer
Smart phone
or other mobile
device.
Software
Business. (e.g., Word processing,
Spreadsheet, Database)
Accounting.
Network management.
Web browser.
E-mail.
Blogging.
Pages 32
107
Computer Applications in Society.
Pages 34 - 36
Figures 1-36 1-39
108
Computer Applications in Society (Cont.)

below Chapter 1
Pages 36 - 38
Figures 1-40 1-43
109

Education
Take class on the Web.
eLearning.
Pages 34-36
110

Finance
Manage finances.
Pay bill, track income and expenses.
Manage investments.
Online banking.
Online investment.
Pages 34-36
111

Government
Provide up-to-date information.
File taxes, report crimes.
Apply for permits and license.
Pages 34-36
112

Health Care
Monitor patients.
Research health condition.
E-mail to patients.
Surgeon.
Pages 34-36
113

Science
Neural network :
Imitate the behavior of human brain
Camera Pill :
Help doctors diagnose and evaluate diseases
Pages 34-36
114

Publishing
Design & develop the works.
Compose & enhancing songs.
Create & edit film.
Pages 34-36
115

Travel
Navigation system.
Reservation.
Pages 34-36
116

Manufacturing
Computer-aided manufacturing(CAM):
The use of computer to assist
with manufacturing processes.
Pages 34-36
117
Video: Computer History in a Barn.
CLICK TO START
118
Summary
Basic computer
concepts
Components of a
computer
Networks, the Internet,

and computer software
Many different
categories of
computers, computer
users, and computer
applications in society
Page 39
119
Discovering
Computers 2011
Living in a Digital World
Chapter 1 Complete

Week 2 Chapter01

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Discovering

Explain why computer

Define the term,

Describe the five

Discuss the advantages

Define the term,

Discuss the uses of the

Distinguish between system

Differentiate among types,

Explain how home users,

Describe the role of each

Discuss how society uses

People use all types and sizes

A World of Computers (Cont.)

A World of Computers (Cont.)

A World of Computers (Cont.)

A World of Computers (Cont.)

A World of Computers (Cont.)

A World of Computers (Cont.)

What Is a Computer? (Cont.)

What Is a Computer? (Cont.)

What Is a Computer? (Cont.)

What Is a Computer? (Cont.)

What Is a Computer? (Cont.)

What Is a Computer? (Cont.)

Information Processing Cycle.

Information Processing Cycle.

What Is a Computer? (Cont.)

The Components of a Computer.

The Components of a Computer.

Common computer hardware components include a keyboard, mouse,

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 1

The Components of a Computer (Cont.)

The Components of a Computer (Cont.)

The Components of a Computer (Cont.)

The Components of a Computer (Cont.)

The Components of a Computer (Cont.)

The Components of a Computer (Cont.)

The Components of a Computer (Cont.)

The Components of a Computer (Cont.)

The Components of a Computer (Cont.)

Advantages and Disadvantages

Impact on Labor Force

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages and Disadvantages

Networks and the Internet.

Click to view Web Link,

Networks and the Internet (Cont.)

Networks and the Internet (Cont.)

Click to view Web Link,

The Internet is the largest computer network,

Networks and the Internet (Cont.)

Bank and Invest

Networks and the Internet (Cont.)

Networks and the Internet (Cont.)

Social Networking Web Site.

Facebook is a popular social networking Web site.

Click to view Web Link,