Welcome to Flight Inspection

Flight Inspection Division., JCAB, MLIT

Todays Schedule

9:30 9:45
9:45 10:45
10:4511:30
11:3012:00

Introduction
FMS & AFIS (Tour to JA001G)
Flight Inspection in Japan
Validation etc.

Flight Inspection organization

Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure and Transport

Civil Aviation Bureau

Aviation Network
Department

Air Navigation Services

Planning Division

Air Traffic International

Affairs Office

Visual Aids and Electrical

Systems Office

Air Traffic Control Data

Systems Office

Aviation Safety
Department

Air Traffic Control

Division

Flight Procedure
Designer Office

Air Navigation Services

Department

Operation and Flight

Inspection Division

Flight Inspection
Office

Aeronautical Information
Service Center

Air Navigation Services

Engineering Division

Communications,
Navigation and
Surveillance Planning
Office

JCAB Flight Inspection Staff

Chief Flight Inspector (1)
Operation Staff

Deputy Chief Flight Inspector (2)

Dispatcher
(2)

Radio Engineer
(24)

Pilot
(22)

Mechanic
(20)

Flight Inspection Fleet

Gulfstream IV 2
Max ops ALT
Flight range

Saab-2000 2
Max ops ALT
Flight range

FL310
3,774Km

Bombardier Aerospace BD-700 2

Max ops ALT
Flight range

FL450
7,385Km

FL510
11,384Km

DHC-8 1
Max ops ALT
Flight range

FL250
2,933Km

Current Flight Inspection Aircraft (1)

Two Gulfstream-IV
(JA001G002G)

Two SAAB2000
(JA003G004G)

Current Flight Inspection Aircraft (2)

Two Bombardier BD-700
(JA005G006G)

One Bombardier DHC-8-300

(JA007G)

Flight Inspection System

To analyze error of signal in space, the following devices are needed

AFIS
Receivers
Positioning Reference System
Analysis device
Printer Plotter
AFIS; Automatic Flight Inspection System

Necessity of Flight Inspection

The signals from the ground navigation facilities will be influenced by the
environment conditions such as terrain or building.
It is impossible to detect the performance and functionality of the signalin-space of a facility only using ground testing devices.
Flight Inspection conducted by inspection aircraft is indispensable for
checking of the signal-in-space for safe operation of aircraft.

Multi-path,
Interference, etc.

Types of flight inspection

Commissioning inspection
Inspections conducted prior to the operation of aids and facilities
after the completion of the aids and facilities.

Periodic inspection
Inspections periodically conducted according to the numbers of
annual inspections for the respective aids and facilities.

Special inspection
Inspections conducted when there are major changes in aids and
facilities, or when aids and facilities that had major breakdowns
are going to be operated again.

Flying survey
Surveys conducted for feasibility studies on airports.

Types of Flight Validation

Commissioning Validation
This validation will be conducted prior to issue of the publication.
(Validation of Proposed Instrument Procedure before publish)

Periodic Validation
This validation will be conducted periodically after publication.

Modification Validation
This validation will be conducted prior to modification of the
procedure.

Special Validation
This validation is special validation other than
commissioning,periodic and modification..

Standard period of periodic inspection

Inspected aids
NDB

Standard
Period

12 months

VOR,VOR/DME,VORTAC

6 months

ILS(CAT-2,3)
ILS(CAT-1)

6 months
6 months

PAPI,PALS,SALS

12 months

RADAR
PAR
ATC Communication Facility

6 months
6 months
12 months

Number of facilities in Japan

Inspected aids

Number
of aids

Inspected aids

Number
of aids

A/G

139

NDB

PAPI

196

AEIS

33

VOR

ATIS

21

VOR/DME

91

ASR/SSR

26

VORTAC

23

ARSR/SSR

16

DME only

ORSR

TACAN only

PAR

ILS

63

Flight Inspection System

Aircraft System
AFISAutomated Flight
Inspection System

FMS

IRS/GPS

Operators Console
Display
Computer Unit

Test Sensor
Navigation
Computer Unit

VOR/ILS Rx
DME TRx
ADF Rx

Keyboard

Operators
Display

Printer
Plotter

Floppy
Disk Drive

Marker Rx

Flight Inspection for RNAV

Whats RNAV?
Area Navigation (RNAV) is a method of navigation
that permits aircraft operation on any desired
course within the limits of a self-contained
system capability.
Flight phase

Navigation
accuracy (NM)

Navigation
specification

En-route

RNAV5

Terminal
(SID,STAR)

RNAV1

Approach

0.3

RNAV(GNSS)

Basic GNSS RNAV

Flight Inspection System of G-IV

GPS Antenna
Top)

NXT Flight
Inspection System
Collins
GNLU-930
MMR
(Adapted to
DO-229C)

Navigation
Computer
Unit

GPS Rx for Analysis replaced in Apr. 2007

Collins EMAGER Rx Collins GNLU-930 MMR
RTCA/DO-229B)
RTCA/DO-229C)

HPL/VPL
SNR
DOP
Trackin No,

Each traces are observed

and recorded to detect
existence of Interference

Flight Inspection for RNAV(GNSS)

Spectrum
Analyzer

Interference detection

Flight Inspection for RNAV(GNSS) NPA Procedure

Inspection Activities mainly focused on;
GPS receiving condition (Interference detection)
Procedure Design Evaluation /Fly Ability

IAF

Secondary Area

1.0 NM

Final Apch Segment

Primary Area

IF

MATF

MAPt

FAF

1.0 NM

Secondary Area

FI Achievement Example

Kozu-Shima Airport

800m R/W No Nav Facility ( due to Airport size & Geographical feature etc)
3 Scheduled flight/day btw Tokyo (Chofu) & Kozu-shima
Operated by VFR only (Landing available rate less than 70

Weak Point of GPS

What is a lack of thing on GPS for aviation use?
It looks GPS positioning accuracy
leaves nothing to be desired

GPS in itself does not ensure its integrity.

GPS doesnt have the method to report GPS own fault to aircraft
immediately.
Determination of GPS positioning validity is difficult in flight.

GPS positioning accuracy might not meet

the requirement at each flight phase.
ABAS
Therefore

Some kind of augmentation

system is required

SBAS
GBAS

Type of Augmentation System

Airborne-Based
Augmentation
System

GPS Rx / FMS
RAIM (FD/FDE)
FAATSO-C129A

SBAS

Satellite-Based
Augmentation
System

WAAS (US)
EGNOS EU)
MSAS (JAPAN)
GAGAN (INDIA)
FAA TSO-C145/146

GBAS

Ground-Based
Augmentation
System

Under Development
US /Australia /Germany /Brazil /Japan

ABAS

Airborne-Based Augmentation System (1/2)

RAIM: Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitor

Typical integrity solution as ABAS and classical scheme developed 1990s
Trough En-route to Non-precision approach
Detect faulty satellite using a set of 4 satellite signals.
Fault Detection Function (FD)
At least 5 satellite are necessary
Operation has to be stopped if the faulty
satellite detected
Fault Detection and Exclusion FDE)
At least 6 satellite are necessary (or AAIM)
Operation is maintained even if the faulty satellite detected

Airborne-Based Augmentation System (2/2)

Definition of Airborne Equipment performance
RTCA/DO-208 Minimum Operation Performance Standards
FAA TSO-C129a Multi Sensors / Stand Alone Receiver
Supplementary Documentation for Do-208)
--TSO-C129a Class-Class

Type

Operation
En route,

Terminal

NPA

B1

B2

B3

C1

C2

C3

A1
A2

Stand Alone
Receiver

B4

RAIM
RAIM
RAIM

RAIM
RAIM

Sensor

Integrity
Output
Integrity
Output
RAIM
RAIM

Integrity
Output
Integrity
Output

Classified with performance and

functionality
Only Class A1,B1,B3,C1,C3
available for RNAV(GNSS) NPA
Must be taken into account that RAIM
and GPS navigation altogether may
be lost and may require alternative
means of navigation before operation
(ICAO Do9613 PBN Manual)

RNAV(GNSS) NPA with ABAS Aircraft

TSO-C129A aircrafts can use the procedure
with GPS supplementary means.
TSO-C129A Class A1,B1,B3,C1,C3 type receiver (RAIM included)

Non-GPS based approach procedure should be

available at the destination or alternate airport and
the missed approach procedure should be available
based on traditional navigation at destination airport
for TSO-C129A aircrafts
GPS Sole and primary means operation are prohibited in
approach procedure by Japanese regulation except for SBAS
augmented aircrafts
JCAB regards GPS (including RAIM) doesnt meet the
performance requirement applicable to a sole-means navigation.

RAIM availability prediction should be checked

prior to flight.
TSO-C145b/146b (SBAS augmented) aircraft can
use the procedure with GPS sole-means

JCAB Flight Inspection Manual

Pre-departure Check
RAIM prediction Confirmation
In order to confirm the possibility of influence to inspection
JCAB FI Div normally asked RAIM prediction staff of Fukuoka ATMC

to conduct RAIM prediction at destination with desired time.

FMS Database Confirmation

Pilots manually input each waypoints of approach
procedure to FMS
Then they confirm distance and bearing each track
indicated on CDU whether there are

difference with designed procedure.