forever

A magazine for Outokumpu customers Issue 2 // October 2015

Product range that

thinks like you do
Page 4

Beauty of bridges
Page 9

Moda range optimized

for bus frames
Page 19

Stainless
mobility

EDITORIAL

Forever
on the
move
IT OFTEN COMES as a surprise to people how
ubiquitous stainless steel is. From the stainless steel
sinks, spoons and pans in our kitchens, to washing
machines, buildings and power plants, stainless steel is
everywhere. The picture on pages 1415 may actually
surprise you: it illustrates over twenty examples of
stainless steel applications for cars. And speaking of the
road, stainless steel makes bridges, stations and rail
cars last longer, making mobility more sustainable.
THIS ISSUE OF FOREVER magazine explores the
endless possibilities and benefits of stainless steel.
Having worked almost two decades in the car industry,
Im particularly excited about the content.
STAINLESS STEEL holds tremendous potential for the
automotive industry. To meet new customer demands,
comply with evolving legislation and requirements,
and to contribute to a more sustainable world, car
manufacturers are constantly pursuing lower emissions
andfurther safety improvements. Stainless steel enables
weight reduction, better crash resistance, greater engine
efficiency, just to mention a few of the benefits.

Mika Seitovirta
Outokumpu CEO

2 Forever 02|15

A JUHA SALMINEN

WORKING WITH stainless steel is a privilege, because

it requires you to gain insight on a wide variety of
customers and industries, and their material needs.
Wehave the best experts in stainless steel, but it is the
collaboration with customers that help us improve our
own performance, and keep us on the move. So while
the car industry is close to my heart, Im already looking
forward to the latest news we can share with you about
stainless steel in architecture and construction in the
next issue ofForever!

CONTENTS

10

Sustainable
crossings

Anders Finns is a man of bright ideas and passion.

He creates memorable bridges for generations to come.

A AKI RASK

2 Editorial
Stainless steel is ubiquitous
it is all around us.

12

14 Built to last
Discover the stainless potential
for the automotive industry.

4 Product category renewal

Categories make it easier to view the
breadth of the Outokumpu portfolio.

16 Forta H-series
Ultra strong meets ultra light.
Hear it straight from the engineer.

8 Product category renewal

New materials available for diving
deep into Outokumpu products.

18 Moda
A stainless steel range popular
for its versatility.

9 Customer case
Forta rebar extends the lifespan of
an old bridge by over a century.

19 Moda for bus frames

Moda 410L/4003 keeps buses
in shape throughout their lifecycle.

10 Profile
Anders Finns knows bridges.

22 Steel cold facts

Outokumpu news near and far.

12 Sustainability
Five stainless solutions for
sustainable mobility by Outokumpu.

24 Back cover
See you at the Tall Building
Conference CTBUH 2015 in NY.

FOREWORD
Mika Toikka,
Editor-in-Chief, says:
People and materials
are always on the move
and stainless steel
enables sustainable
transportation solutions.
The material never fails
to amaze me on how
versatile it is. To keep
you updated on what
Outokumpu stainless
can do, we are launching
four segment and three
regional newsletters. Sign
up through outokumpu.
com/newsletter or follow
Outokumpu on Twitter
and LinkedIn for more
frequent updates.

Forever

Outokumpus customer magazine. Published two times a year.

Outokumpu Oyj, Riihitontuntie 7B, 02201 Espoo, Finland
Editor-in-Chief Mika Toikka Managing Editor Anne Myllykoski
Editorial production HeadnOffice Finland Oy
On the cover Stefan Lindner with Forta H-series at Outokumpu Experience Photo Juha Salminen

02|15 Forever 3

PRODUCT CATEGORY RENEWAL

DAVID STONEHAM

A OUTOKUMPU

Outokumpu renewed the way it categorizes

products at the end of May 2015.

A product
range
that thinks
like you do

utokumpu's new categorization presents

products according to performance
characteristics (strength, corrosion-resistance,
hardness) instead of microstructures
(austenitic, ferritic, martensitic or duplex).
The purpose is to make it easier to explore Outokumpus
wide product range and compare products that have
similar behavior. With clearer options, you can be assured
of selecting the optimum stainless steel product for your
specific needs.

The ideal balance

Carlos A. Hernndez Z, Commercial Director, Stainless

Coil Americas explains: When you are faced with dozens
of different grades, its not always easy to see how they
differ from each other. Or what the exact advantage
over carbon steel is. The decision to change to a new
product is a big consideration, especially if you are used to
ordering the same stainless steel for years or you are new
to the industry. Product codes alone can get confusing.
By highlighting performance properties, we can help to
evaluate and choose the best product for your specific
application. Choice means an opportunity to secure the
right balance between quality and cost-effectiveness.
Nine different performance ranges make up the
new categorization. Each range highlights a specific
set of performance characteristics. For example, the
Therma category is for highly heat-resistant products;

4 Forever 02|15

the Core category has all-round products for corrosive

environments; Dura for high hardness; Forta for high
strength; and so on.

Something old, something new

Juho Talonen, Director, Corporate R&D, adds: Were

developing new grades all the time, so its important that
you are able to evaluate them and compare them to already
familiar grades.
Although the product portfolio has been restructured,
the chemistry and mechanical properties of existing grades
is unchanged. Furthermore, if you want to continue to
order using product codes (ASTM/EN standards), you
can do so. Outokumpu will share more about this through
regular customer communications, but is encouraging
people to take a look at its new online categorization tool
and web content.
Hernndez Z sees the new categorization as an
innovation: We are constantly challenging ourselves to
think more like our customers do. Its something new in
our industry and I believe it will really add value to our
customers business.

Dive into the new product ranges at Outokumpu website;

Steel Finder is also updated accordingly.
www.outokumpu.com/products

Classic family

three basic all-purpose grade ranges

www.outokumpu.com/classic

Outokumpu MODA
Mildly corrosive environments
With a PRE of up to 17, Moda products are for
mildlycorrosive environments. Products include the wellknown 430/4016 grade as well as a number of competitive
alternatives. With reduced chromium (less than 17percent)
and no nickel, Moda products offer price stability and are
used for a wide range of commodity goods and indoor
structures, including home appliances, architectural designs,
elevators and automotive exhaust system parts.
www.outokumpu.com/moda and pages 1821 of this issue

Outokumpu CORE
Corrosive environments
The Core range comprises all-round products of
PRE17to22. This versatile range features the popular
304 grade, as well as variants, and low-nickel and nickelfree products. Typical applications of Core include
architectural panels, restaurant equipment, storage
tanks, home appliances, rebar, automotive exhaust pipes,
elevators, aswell as pipe and tube industry products.
www.outokumpu.com/core

Outokumpu SUPRA
Highly corrosive environments
Supra range products have a PRE of 22 to 27 for
highlycorrosive environments. Supra is ideal for a wide
range of industrial uses, such as process industries,
storage and cooling tanks, pulp and paper, cladding,
heat exchangers and tubing. With excellent welding,
machining and forming characteristics, some Supra
products offer an opportunity to use less material and
make lighter end products.
www.outokumpu.com/supra
n

02|15 Forever 5

Pro family

six special grade ranges for demanding applications

www.outokumpu.com/pro

Outokumpu FORTA
Duplex and other high strength
Comprising duplex, H-series, and temper-rolled products,
the Forta range combines high strength with cost-efficiency.
Supra is often used in the transport and building industries
where high strength and stiffness allow the manufacture of
durable, lightweight, even complex components that ensure
safety. End products include passenger cars, commercial
vehicles, buses, railway stock, container tanks and
agricultural machines, as well as buildings.
www.outokumpu.com/forta

Outokumpu ULTRA
Extremely corrosive environments
With PRE values of 27 and upwards, Ultra products are
designed for extremely corrosive environments. Typical
applications can be found from the process industry:
oil and gas, offshore, pulp and paper, flue gas cleaning,
chemical, mining and nuclear. Earlier referred to as the
highly alloyed and super austenitic range, Ultra includes
the popular Ultra 904L and Ultra 254 SMO.
www.outokumpu.com/ultra

Outokumpu DURA
High hardness
Dura products provide exceptional hardness and strength.
Because of their corrosion-resistance and wear-resistance,
Dura products are a highly competitive alternative to
carbon steel. This range of martensitic and precipitationhardening stainless is used in a wide variety of
applications, from high-quality kitchen knives and surgical
scalpels to machine parts and aircraft landing gear.
www.outokumpu.com/dura

6 Forever 02|15

Outokumpu THERMA
High service temperatures
The Therma product range is designed for applications
with service temperatures above 550C (1020F) and
includes both commodity and special heat-resistant
grades. Thermas ferritic products are typically used in
the chemical, power, and metalworking industries, as well
as in furnace technology. Thermas austenitic products
can be found in iron, steel and non-ferrous industries,
energy conversion plants, the cement industry, automotive
exhaust applications and the heat treatment industry.
www.outokumpu.com/therma

Outokumpu PRODEC
Improved machinability
The Prodec range features stainless steel grades
optimized for improved machinability with longer tool life
and enhanced quality. This can lower the total cost for
machined parts with better final surface and dimensional
tolerances. Typical applications for Prodec include
fasteners, flanges and valves, pressure fittings, nuts and
bolts, gears and a wide range of industrial components
and equipment.
www.outokumpu.com/prodec

Outokumpu DECO
Special surfaces
The Deco range boasts special surfaces for appliance,
design, and architectural applications, both indoor and
outdoor. All bright annealed, polished and ground, with
brushed or patterned finishes, typical uses for Deco are
limited only by the boundaries of peoples imagination.
One of the worlds newest landmark structures One
World Trade Center in New York City includes Deco
Laser.
www.outokumpu.com/deco

02|15 Forever 7

PRODUCT CATEGORY RENEWAL

A JUHA SALMINEN

In May, Outokumpu introduced

its new product categories at
the Outokumpu Experience
event. We also updated our
product materials. You now have
a more hands-on way to explore
Outokumpus extensive offering
and product alternatives.

Guides for our portfolio

Outokumpu
Classic family

BROCHURES provide insight into every

product range within the Classic and Pro
families. If you are new to Outokumpu
products, the portfolio brochure is a
good start. If you want to explore what
each product range offers, dive into the
assortment of brochures and datasheets.

Moda range
Outokumpu name
Moda 430/4016
Alternatives
Moda 4511
Moda 439/4510
Moda 439M
Moda 430Ti/4520
Moda 4589
Low-Cr alternatives
Moda 410L/4003
Moda 409/4512
Moda 410S/4000

Performance
ASTM
Type

UNS

Ni

Mo

Others

S43000

16

20

280

0.05

16.2

S43035
S43932

S42035

16
17
17.5
16
15

23
23
31
24
16

240
240
290
200
420

F
F
F
F
F

0.02
0.02
0.014
0.02
0.045

16.2
17.0
17.6
16.2
14.0

1.65

0.25

Nb
Ti
Nb Ti
Ti
Ti

1.4003
1.4512
1.4000

410L
409
410S

S40977

S41008

12
12
13

20
25
19

320
220
250

F
F
F

0.02
0.02
0.03

11.5
11.5
12.5

0.5
0.2

Ti

outokumpu.com/forta

Cr

Performance

Typical chemical composition, % by mass

Outokumpu name

EN

ASTM
Type

UNS

PRE

A80
%

Rp0.2
MPa

Grade
family C

Cr

Ni

Mo

Others

Core 304/4301
Core 304L/4307
Alternatives
Core 304LN/4311
Core 304L/4306
Core 305/4303
Core 321/4541
Core 347/4550
Core 301LN/4318
Core 301/4310
Low-Ni alternatives
Core 201/4372
Core 201LN/4372
Ni-free alternatives
Core 441/4509
Core 4622
Core 434/4113

1.4301
1.4307

304
304L

S30400
S30403

18
18

45
45

230
220

A
A

0.04
0.02

18.1
18.1

8.1
8.1

1.4311
1.4306
1.4303
1.4541
1.4550
1.4318
1.4310

304LN
304L
305
321
347
301LN
301

S30453
S30403
S30500
S32100
S34700
S30153
S30100

21
18
18
17
18
20
20

40
45
45
40
40
35
40

290
220
220
220
220
350
250

A
A
A
A
A
A
A

0.02
0.02
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.02
0.1

18.5
18.2
17.7
17.3
17.5
17.7
17.0

9.2
10.1
12.5
9.1
9.5
6.5
7.0

0.14

0.14

Ti
Nb

1.4372
1.4372

201
201LN

S20100
S20153

20
19

45
45

350
350

A
A

0.05
0.03

17.0
16.2

4.0
4.0

0.2

0.2
0.2

7Mn
Cu 6.6Mn

1.4509
1.4622
1.4113

434

S43940
S44330
S43400

18
21
20

18
30
18

250
360
280

F
F
F

0.02
0.02
0.045

18.0
21.0
16.5

1.0

Ti Nb
Ti Nb Cu

Performance

Typical chemical composition, % by mass

Outokumpu name

EN

ASTM
Type

UNS

PRE

A80
%

Rp0.2
MPa

Grade
family C

Cr

Ni

Mo

Others

Supra 316/4401
Supra 316L/4404
Alternatives
Supra 316plus
Supra 316L/SANS4402
Supra 316L/4432
Supra 316/4436
Supra 316L/4435
Supra 316Ti/4571
Ni-free alternative
Supra 444/4521

1.4401
1.4404

316
316L

S31600
S31603

24
24

40
40

240
240

A
A

0.04
0.02

17.2
17.2

10.1
10.1

2.1
2.1

1.4420
SANS4402
1.4432
1.4436
1.4435
1.4571

316L
316
316L
316Ti

S31655

S31603
S31600

S31635

26
24
25
25
26
24

35
50 1)
40
40
40
40

350
290 1)
240
240
240
240

A
A
A
A
A
A

0.02
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.02
0.04

20.3
17.2
16.9
16.9
17.3
16.8

8.6
10.1
10.7
10.7
12.6
10.9

0.7
2.1
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.1

0.19

Ti

1.4521

444

S44400

25

20

320

0.02

18.0

2.0

Nb Ti

Mechanical values acc. to SANS 50028-7.

PRE = %Cr + 3.3 x %Mo + 16 x %N

Grade families:

Values for Rp 0.2 yield strength and the A80 for elongation are
according to EN 10088-2 min. values for cold rolled strip.

A = Austenitic
F = Ferritic
D = Duplex
M = Martensitic
PH = Precipitation hardening

WALLCHART shows all Outokumpu

products and divides them into product
categories. The wallchart also includes
matrix images for easy comparison.

PORTFOLIO SWATCH combines the

entire portfolio from the brochures
and wallchart into a concise and
comprehensive format. Take the
swatch with you so that you have
access to a wealth of information at
your fingertips.

8 Forever 02|15

OUTOKUMPU.COM is the go-to

source for information about our new
product portfolio. Each product range
has its own site where you can find
more in-depth information. Also Steel
Finder is updated with new ranges, and
it offers the possibility to search for
the best choices for your application
environment.

Highly corrosive environments (PRE 22 to 27)

Chemical compositions and PRE calculations are based on

Outokumpu typical values.

outokumpu.com/core

PRE

Corrosive environments (PRE 17 to 22)

Steel designations

1)

Grade
family C

430

439
439M
430Ti

Steel designations

Outokumpu Forta range

Rp0.2
MPa

1.4016

Supra range

Duplex and
high-strength
stainless steels

A80
%

Typical chemical composition, % by mass

1.4511
1.4510

1.4520
1.4589

EN

Core range

Stainless steels for

corrosive
environments
Outokumpu Core range

Mildly corrosive environments (PRE up to 17)

Steel designations

Contact your sales person for further

product information. Youcan find your
nearest sales office at
www.outokumpu.com/contacts

STAINLESS SOLUTION
Due to irreversible
chloride-induced corrosion,
AlltChonoglais Bridge was
unfit to carry future traffic
loads. The entire structure
had to be replaced with a
stronger steel framework.
The new reinforced
structure incorporates
Outokumpu Forta DX 2304
stainless steel rebar. Critical
sections are reinforced with
lean duplex alloys, offering
exceptional corrosionresistance and resulting
in a bridge with a durable
construction and reduced
lifecycle costs.

CUSTOMER CASE

Old bridge
stressed by salt
When Allt Chonoglais Bridge faced demolition orders,
Outokumpu came up with a solution giving the 1932
Scottish landmark a new lease on life. Forta rebar will
futureproof the bridge for more than a century. SILJA KUDEL

steady stream of traffic traverses safely across

the new 40-meter-long bridge that spans the
River Kinglass in north Scotland. Two years
earlier, the crumbling bridge was deemed
beyond repair. Its structure had suffered from
spalling and delamination of the concrete and its flaking
exterior exposed severely corroded reinforcement bar
inside.
Identified as too weak to meet modern traffic needs on
the A82 trunk road, the entire bridge needed replacement
with a stronger structure. Instead of extending the bridges
life through interval construction work, the aim was to find
a solution through a lifecycle approach that would extend
the bridges lifespan with as low maintenance as possible.

Resistance to chloride corrosion

The corrosion of the carbon steel reinforcement was

caused by the ingress of chlorides from de-icing salts.
Consequently, in more hostile snow and ice environments,
you need a rebar product with greater chloride corrosion
resistance, says Stephen Jones, Rebar Commercial
Manager and head of Long Products Research and
Development at Outokumpu.
The project involved the partial demolition of the

three-span bridge and its replacement with a composite

steel and concrete single-span bridge deck.
The concrete structure incorporates stainless steel
rebar in areas exposed to de-icing salts during the winter
months. This includes the bridge deck, abutments, wing
walls and bearing plinths, explains Jones.

Old made new again

After discussions with Outokumpu, the customer selected

Forta DX 2304 rebar due to its competitive cost and
exceptional chloride resistance.
This alloy has a chloride threshold level beyond the
levels normally expected at typical rebar depths, even in
the most severe of chloride environments, notes Jones.
The new structure meets the needs of modern-day
traffic while retaining attractive features of the original
bridge, including the locally sourced granite. Behind the
traditional aesthetics, the stainless rebar construction will
provide a safe and smooth crossing for at least the next
120years.

Forta DX is part of the Outokumpu Forta product range.

www.outokumpu.com/forta

02|15 Forever 9

PROFILE

MARIA NOKKONEN

A EMELIE ASPLUND AND OUTOKUMPU

Anders Finns

has bright ideas

for bridges

As the leading expert in the area, Anders Finns has led many notable bridge
projects at Outokumpu and is always on the lookout for new ones.

ain or shine, Anders Finns rides his bike to the

Outokumpu office in Degerfors, Sweden. As he
passes a bridge, his mind drifts toward business.
Especially during the summer, excessive bridge
construction work causes traffic jams. This is
frustrating for Finns who knows that the right solution
makes all the difference.
If a more sustainable alternative such as Outokumpu
Forta, that includes duplex stainless steels, was chosen for
bridges, far less maintenance work would be needed, he
says.
As segment business manager in the area of architecture,
building and construction at Outokumpu, Finns promotes
alternative materials to standard steel and concrete, and
seeks new markets and applications for Outokumpus steel
grades and prefabricated products.
With his wide application knowledge, Finns advocates
duplex grades within Forta range as ideal material for
sustainable structures.
Forta grades are exceptionally strong and durable with
high corrosion resistance properties perfect for harsh
bridge environments. And its good looks are bound to grab
attention, he says.

Thinking ahead

Finns has been involved in many large-scale bridge

ventures at Outokumpu. For him, the impressive
Stonecutters road bridge in Hong Kong stands out as one of
the most unforgettable projects he has led.
The owner requested a 120-year design life for the
bridge. Considering the demanding maritime environment,
high durability and corrosion resistance were essential
criteria. Our international team built good relationships
with the designers and engineers, and followed up with

10 Forever 02|15

technical support during construction, notes Finns.

Strong relationships are something Finns invests in.
My formula for success is simple: I always strive to build
honest, long-lasting relationships with our customers and
partners. This is one of Outokumpus strengths, too, in
addition to high technical and commercial awareness.

Global reach, local touch

Finns is passionate about creating memorable stories

and references. He points out another successful case
closer to home: Europes longest pedestrian and cycling
bridge in Slvesborg, Sweden. During the project, his
team supported the architect from idea to final structure,
but they were also able to interact with the entire local
community.
The bridge is next to a bird sanctuary, which is why
we paid extra attention to environmental aspects. With
Outokumpus solution, the Slvesborg community could
avoid negative environmental impacts.
Sizable bridge projects that start from scratch are rare,
but Finns knows how to breathe new life into existing
designs as well.
Boosting long-lasting, sustainable structures is my goal.
We have innovative solutions for replacing and reinforcing
bridge components, says Finns whose eyes are always
open for inspiration and opportunities. Im probably a bit
of a bridge nerd, he shares.

Learn more about the Forta range and how Forta DX2205
was chosen for the Stonecutters Bridge in Hong Kong.
www.outokumpu.com/en/stainless-news/cases/
outokumpu-stainless-in-stonecutters-bridge-hong-kong/

Anders Finns
Segment Business Manager,
Architecture, Building and Construction
Working at Outokumpu since 2000.
Based in Degerfors, Sweden.
Has presented papers at several
international conferences, for example,
at the Footbridge 2014 conference in
London and the Road & Rail Structures
2015 conference in Australia.
The repair mindset follows Finns to
his country house, where he is always
fixing or building something. In addition, Finns plays the clarinet in a
marching band. His feats are not too
modest either; recently, the band
played at the Changing of the Guard at
the Royal Palace in Stockholm.

The load-bearing sections of

Sicklauddsbron in Stockholm,
Sweden, are made of Forta
stainless steel plates while
the stainless handrails
give the bridge a beautiful
appearance. The bridge was
awarded the European Steel
Design Award in 2003.

The arches of the Slvesborg

Bridge are built with Forta
LDX 2101. The bridge does
not require repainting, which
is not only a cost saving,
but important for the bird
conservation area nearby.

To me, building a world

that lasts forever means
creating long-lasting, costefficient infrastructures
for the next generation.

02|15 Forever 11

SUSTAINABILITY

MARIA NOKKONEN

Stainless in motion
Outokumpu is committed to sustainable mobility worldwide.

odern life keeps us on the move.

Wenavigate the changes taking place all
around us. We continue to move materials,
create new products and build new
structures. Weare more aware than ever of
the need to use our resources in the most responsible way.
Stainless steel has a special role in creating a sustainable
world clean energy solutions, lasting infrastructure and
efficiency-improving applications for various industries.
And after it has served one purpose, stainless steel can be
fully recycled and reused, again and again.

Strength
and corrosion
resistance
for trams

Dated station turns timeless

New Street station in Birmingham is
one of the busiest train stations in
the UK with 140,000 daily passengers. Built in the 1960s, the station
was originally designed to accommodate less than half of that.
The station has now undergone
a major expansion and facelift.
The dated concrete exterior of the
building has been cladded in 8,000
brightly polished, laser-cut panels of

12 Forever 02|15

Outokumpus stainless steel.

The fully modernized construction will be completed in 2015.
Passengers get to enjoy three and
a half times more space, while
the stunning steel exterior reflects
the regions forward-thinking architecture and people. The stainless faade will keep its timeless
appearance year after year.

Light rail transit systems are an efficient

solution for public transport even mature
cities are investing in them. On board
with the trend is Vossloh Group, European
manufacturer of locomotives.
On a commission from a big
metropolitan customer, Vossloh Espaa
seeked to develop a tram with a longer
design life and lower maintenance needs.
After a thorough review, Vossloh chose
superior strength and corrosion resistance
properties, and replaced ferritic 1.4003
with Outokumpus Forta LDX 2101
despite its higher investment cost.
Outokumpus high-strength grades
help reduce vehicle weight, reduce
maintenance and improve energy
efficiency. They also have safety-related
benefits such as high energy absorption at
impact and greater level of fire resistance.

Bridge
of beauty
and strength

Bridge with 300 year lifecycle

Southeast Queensland is the fastest growing region in Australia. To
secure the areas future success, Brisbanes six-lane Gateway Bridge
was duplicated between 2006 and 2011. With their supply of stainless steel rebar, Outokumpu added 300 years to the bridges life span.
The bridge design specified stainless steel rebar in the splash
zones of the two main river pylons. Leighton Abigroup Joint Venture
approached Outokumpu, whose metallurgists conducted extensive
tests to show that Forta LDX 2101 withstands such a high-corrosion
environment. Today, Forta LDX 2101 is the most cost-effective and
sustainable choice for durable reinforced concrete structures.

Steel is the most recycled material

in the world. In 2014, the recycled
content rate of Outokumpu stainless
topped 85 percent, making it the
global industry leader in recycling.

San Diego Harbor Drive Bridge is part

of a large family of pedestrian bridges
built with Outokumpus materials and
expertise. The footbridge connects
the citys spectacular Balboa Park and
the picturesque natural harbor of San
Diego Bay.
The maritime Pacific climate
calls for high resistance to corrosion,
which is why TMR Consulting recommended Outokumpus Forta DX 2205
grade for the engineering firm T.Y. Lin
International. Another key reason for
the grade choice was its aesthetic
appeal.
Built with a material that enables
reliable, maintenance-free service, the
bridge is designed to serve for more
than a century.

Strong and durable for container

A container made of stronger material with
better corrosion resistance means a longer
lifecycle and thinner walls, resulting in lighter
weight and increased capacity. Langh Group
Cargo Solutions chose Supra316plus for their
new tank containers.
Usage of Supra 316plus stainless steel
can carry larger amount of chemicals, and that
in turn results in fewer containers needed to
move cargo. And when the container comes to
the end of its lifecycle, then stainless steel can
be fully recycled.

02|15 Forever 13

BUILT TO LAST

OUTOKUMPU A SAMI SARAMKI

8
9

The unique properties

of different stainless steel
grades provide substantial
advantages in various
parts of the car. Whether
pursuing weight reduction,
better crash resistance,
higher energy absorption, longer
lifecycle, greater effectiveness
or lower emissions, there are
possibilities and applications
available, all recyclable.

1
5a

5b
5c
5d
4

Stainless
solutions for CARS
1 CHANNEL

High formability. Complex geometries.

High stiffness.
Forta H-series

2 SEAT CROSS MEMBER

High stiffness. Impact resistance.

Relatively complex forming.
Forta H-series

3 B-PILLAR

Lightweight. Impact resistance. High ductility

areas. Energy absorption during crash.
Forta H-series

4 ROCKER RAIL

High stiffness. Energy absorption.

Forta H-series

14 Forever 02|15

5 EXHAUST SYSTEM

5a) Tailpipe High corrosion exposure.

High visual requirements.
Moda Core
5b) Rear silencer High corrosion exposure.
Visual requirements.
Core
5c) Connecting pipe High corrosion
exposure.
Core
5d) Central silencer Corrosion resistance.
High temperatures on long-haul journeys.
Core
5e) Connection pipe High temperatures.
Corrosion resistance.
Core
5f) Catalytic converter High temperatures.
Temperature shocks. Strong vibrations.
Core
5g) Front pipe High temperatures.
Strong vibrations. High temperature corrosion.
High temperature strength.
Core Therma

5e

5h) Manifold High service temperature,

over 900 C. Strong vibrations.
High temperature corrosion and strength.
Therma

6 HYBRID TANK

Very complex forming. High resistance

against inner pressure. Lightweight.
Core

7 TRIMMING PARTS

Visual requirements. Corrosion resistance.

Core Deco

8 STAINLESS STEEL FABRIC

Excellent strength and stiffness.
Lightweight.
Forta

9 SEAT BELT BUCKLE

Safety. Visual requirements.

Core

...and so much more!

This illustration points out only a fraction of possible
uses of Outokumpu stainless steels in automotive.
Chassis parts, ABS valves, Lambda sensors, cable
connectors...the list of stainless automotive parts is
endless and so are the Outokumpu solutions for the
industry. The illustration focuses heavily on H-series
one of Outokumpus latest innovations. The specific
grade for each end use should be defined case by case.
Contact Outokumpu sales to find out more

10
12

7
11

www.outokumpu.com/contacts

11
13

14

15

18
19

16

17

5h
5f

5g

21

10 SEAT STRUCTURES

14 DASHBOARD COWL

11 DOOR SHOCK ABSORBER

15 STRUT DOME

12 A-PILLAR

16 LONGITUDINAL BEAM

13 STEERING COLUMN

17 CRASHBOX

High stiffness. Impact resistance.

Complex forming.
Forta H-series
High impact resistance. Complex geometry.
Forta H-series
Lightweight. Impact resistance. High ductility
areas. Energy absorption during crash.
Forta H-series
Good fatigue resistance.
Forta H-series

High strength. High stiffness. High crash

energy absorbtion.
Forta H-series
Good fatigue behavior.
Forta H-series
High stiffness. High impact resistance.
Energy absorbtion.
Forta H-series
High ductility. Crash energy absorbtion.
Forta H-series

20

18 GDI

Highly pressurized. Requires strength

and corrosion resistance.
Dura Forta Prodec

19 TURBOCHARGER
High service temperature.
Therma

20 BUMPER

Lightweight. Impact resistance. High ductility

areas. Energy absorption during crash.
Forta H-series

21 WHEEL HOUSE

Lightweight. High formability.

Complex geometries.
Forta H-series

02|15 Forever 15

FORTA H-SERIES

LESLIE McMANUS

A JUHA SALMINEN

Forta H-series
creates
new world of
possibilities
In the new Forta H-series family, ultra strong
meets ultra light. For the automotive sector,
that means lower CO2 emissions and
better passenger safety.

s fuel emissions regulations

tighten, the need for new
lightweight possibilities has
never been more urgent.
Project engineer Stefan
Lindner explains how Outokumpus new
Forta H-series meets that challenge and
exceeds it, setting new standards in crash
resistance, production efficiency and
sustainability.

What are the H-series steels?

Designed for use in engineering and

parts construction, the Forta H-series
(Forta H500, H800, H1000) is an
austenitic, ultra-high strength material
with enormous potential in lightweight
and CO2 reduction. With high strength
and high elongation, the Forta H-series
has an impressive ability to absorb
energy. An alloying system of chromium
and manganese delivers very good
weldability something iron/manganese
alloys cannot do.

16 Forever 02|15

How does welding affect

the H-series microstructure?

Ferritic steels have long been used in

transportation systems. But when you weld
ferritic steels, there is increased hardness
in the heat-affected zone and the weld
seam, and they break brittle. Austenitic
grades like 304/4301 have austenitic
microstructures, but during forming and
welding, those microstructures change
from austenitic to martensitic.
The Forta H-series, though, has a fully
austenitic microstructure. Normally
we say you cant retain the benefits of an
austenitic during welding or forming.
Now,for the first time, we have a consistent
austenitic microstructure that delivers
huge benefits in lightweight potential,
reduced emissions and passenger safety.
The Forta H-series lends itself to
resistance point welding, which guarantees
high power transmission under every
direction of leading force. That kind of
material behavior is nessential to passengers,
who cant control point of impact.

What makes the Forta H-series a

great fit for the automotive industry?
Typically, we want to reduce thickness to
cut CO2 emissions but we also want high
passenger safety. If the material has too
little thickness, it helps reduce emissions,
but it does not improve safety.
Todays manufacturers need a material
that can absorb energy during a crash and
perform with high strength at reduced
thickness. Generally, you dont have both.
The combination of good ductility and
high strength is one that every engineer
wants, and one that the Forta H-series
delivers.

How does the H-series help reduce

CO2 emissions?

Lighter vehicles are the key to reduced

emissions. As demonstrated in simulations,
the H-series allows a thickness reduction
of 50 percent in comparison to other steels
and to aluminum. With the H-series, for
instance, B-pillar weight can be cut in half,
to just 1.0 millimeters.

Stefan Lindner
introduces us to the
Forta H-series, which is
an interesting approach
for the automotive
industry. The illustration
on pages 1415 shows
the variety of parts,
where the H-series can
be used.

Facts

What other environmental benefits

does the H-series deliver?

One hundred percent recyclable, the

mechanical properties of the H-series can
be redesigned limitless times. Old exhaust
systems, for instance, can be recycled into
Forta H-series steel, and in 20 years, car
bodies made of Forta H-series steel can be
redesigned.

Is something like this grade

already available?

The Forta H-series is a completely new

grade, and Outokumpu is the first and
only manufacturer to deliver this product

to the market. A comprehensive material

evaluation process was completed in
May, including crash and performance
simulations. A harmonized blend of
technology and well-balanced properties,
the Forta H-series is industrially available
now on a global scale.

Would you like to keep updated

Forta H-series and automotive innovations?
Subscribe to Outokumpus automotive
& transportation newsletter
www.outokumpu.com/newsletter

The Forta H-series has been tested in

a comprehensive material evaluation
studying crash and performance
simulations, welding, bonding, painting,
corrosion, mechanical joining and
fatigue behavior.
Because of the well-balanced
combination of alloying system, micro
structure and hardening effect, the
Forta H-series delivers a high lightweight
potential.
A non-volatile austenitic material with
ultra-high strengths, the H-Series offers
a ductile material with good properties,
good formability and good weldability.
Exceedingly thin yet very stiff, it is an
attractive alternative to carbon steel
and aluminum, and well suited to use in
special manufacturing technologies.

02|15 Forever 17

L
IN THE SPOTLIGHT

SILJA KUDEL

ook around and you

will find Moda in
boundless applications
from carving knives
and kitchen blenders
to elevator interiors and railroad
cars.
The ferritic Moda family
comprises nine stainless steel
products designed for mildly
corrosive environments with a
PRE level up to 17.
The secret to its popularity
is its versatility: the range
comprises optimized grades for
household, architectural and
industrial environments.
Whether it is a steel door,
countertop or shipping container,
there is a Moda product for all
mildly corrosive applications.
Modas corrosion resistance is
superior to that of carbon steel
thanks to its higher chromium
content.

A OUTOKUMPU

MODA:
the great
all-rounder

From kitchen to
conveyor chain
The popular Moda 430/4016 is
a classic, 16 percent chromium
steel found in sinks, valves and
kitchen equipment. Titaniumstabilized Moda 439/4510 in
turn offers improved corrosion
resistance and formability,

Outokumpu
Classic family

A growing number of customers are

switching to Moda, the broad-spectrum
stainless steel family found everywhere
from fridge doors to railroad cars.

Moda range

making it ideal for automotive

exhaust systems.
Toughest in the family is
Moda 4589, which contains
niobium for extra strength this
is the grade that boosts the loadcarrying-capacity of conveyor
chains and railroad vehicles.

Price-stable and
cost-efficient
Many customers are switching
to Moda not only for its great
machining properties, weldability
and corrosion resistance, but
also for its excellent value. With
no or low-nickel content, Moda
products are less vulnerable to
price volatility which is the
secret to its cost-efficiency.
The instability of nickel prices
was among the reasons a leading
US home appliance manufacturer
recently switched to pricestable Moda. With support from
Outokumpu, they selected Moda
430 and 439, which offer the
ideal combination of affordability
and flexible mechanical
properties.

Find out more about the Moda

range on the Outokumpu website
www.outokumpu.com/moda

Mildly corrosive environments (PRE up to 17)

Steel designations

Performance

Typical chemical composition, % by mass

Outokumpu name

EN

ASTM
Type

UNS

PRE

A80
%

Cr

Ni

Mo

Others

Moda 430/4016
Alternatives
Moda 4511
Moda 439/4510
Moda 439M
Moda 430Ti/4520
Moda 4589
Low-Cr alternatives
Moda 410L/4003
Moda 409/4512
Moda 410S/4000

1.4016

430

S43000

16

20

280

0.05

16.2

1.4511
1.4510

1.4520
1.4589

439
439M
430Ti

S43035
S43932

S42035

16
17
17.5
16
15

23
23
31
24
16

240
240
290
200
420

F
F
F
F
F

0.02
0.02
0.014
0.02
0.045

16.2
17.0
17.6
16.2
14.0

1.65

0.25

Nb
Ti
Nb Ti
Ti
Ti

1.4003
1.4512
1.4000

410L
409
410S

S40977

S41008

12
12
13

20
25
19

320
220
250

F
F
F

0.02
0.02
0.03

11.5
11.5
12.5

0.5
0.2

Ti

Core range

Rp0.2
MPa

Grade
family C

18 Forever 02|15

Corrosive environments (PRE 17 to 22)

IN THE SPOTLIGHT

VESA TOMPURI

A ISTOCK

In order to choose the correct steel grade,

it is essential to assess specific customer
requirements as well as the conditions surrounding
application usage. Outokumpu has optimized
Moda 410L/4003 for bus frame structures
with these factors in mind.

Moda made
for buses
>
02|15 Forever 19

raditionally, stainless steel applications have been

selected based on the production process and
metallurgy. But this is not enough in customercentric thinking these days. Instead, we need
an insightful understanding of how strength,
corrosion resistance, weldability, impact toughness, and
machinability are emphasized in each application. Take
the frame of a bus as an example. It must be resistant to
both temperature fluctuations and corrosion, and it must
optimally protect the passengers in case of an accident.
With any optimization project, the end-use conditions
are of significant value. I was involved in the Outokumpu
Tornio Research Center project on optimizing the Moda
410L/4003 to make it better suited as a bus frame material.
We specifically targeted strength and toughness of stainless
and welds, along with those welded seams that are not
susceptible to intergranular corrosion, explains research
engineer Janne Koskenniska.

Lifecycle advantage

Stainless steel has become a competitive material for

vehicle solutions, including bus frames. The materials used
must be resistant to harsh conditions arctic climate and
corrosion caused by road salt, for instance. Stainless such
as Moda 410L/4003 requires virtually no maintenance.
n
Bus company operators do not want to repeatedly paint

20 Forever 02|15

or perform repair welding during the planned lifecycle

of the body, which may be 15 to 25 years in the case of
buses. Moda 410L/4003 easily meets this requirement.
A rough estimate is that the corrosion resistance is one
hundred times better than that of regular structural steel,
Koskenniska says.
Koskenniska notes that when the vehicle reaches the end
of its lifecycle, the stainless steel parts can be fully recycled.

Applauded by manufacturers

While Moda 410L/4003 is a ferritic steel grade, which

contains 12 percent chrome and only a small amount
of nickel, it is mechanically and chemically strong.
Furthermore, the low nickel content makes it cost-effective,
or rather as insensitive as possible to fluctuations in the
global market prices of metals.
In optimizing Moda 410L/4003, Outokumpu's aim
was to meet all customer requirements and exceed the
properties of competing products. As a result, Moda
410L/4003 is as good as those of the competition. What
makes it superior is its impact toughness and uniform
quality.
Uniform quality refers to several characteristics: the
straightness, flatness and excellent thickness accuracy. We
have worked hard to achieve these properties. Uniform
quality of the 2E products manufactured at the RAP line in

Investment in stainless steel is

worth it: stainless steel requires
hardly any maintenance,
and it can be recycled at the
end of the vehicles lifecycle.

Tornio and their precise thickness, in particular, have been

praised by producers of tubular products. Manufacturers
who use Outokumpus 2E get a clear advantage: they can
operate their production lines at a steady speed without
interruptions because 2E is so well within the thickness
tolerances. The difference in thickness of the middle and
edge of the strip is very small, Koskenniska explains.

Material not subject to fatigue

The customer-centric approach means, in practice, that

a subcontractor who delivers stainless steel parts for the
bus frame will receive exactly the right batch sizes of
the stainless steel they need, either as coils or as sheets,
depending on their wishes. If the customer does not have
the equipment to cut the sheets, Outokumpu can deliver
the products cut to size.
In addition to being corrosion resistant, the stainless
steel products of the Moda range have excellent fatigue
durability. In certain countries, the bus frames are
subjected to extreme temperature fluctuations. One of the
most important advantages offered by Moda 410L/4003 is
its toughness even at low temperatures.
Moda 410L/4003 is a safe material. Passengers are
secure even in older buses, since the properties do not
change during the lifecycle of the bus, Koskenniska
says.

2E in brief
Hot-rolled coil is cold-rolled at the RAP line in
Tornio to create 2E
2Es thickness accuracy, flatness and surface
quality are superior to hot-rolled products
The thickness difference between the edge and
middle strip in 2E is very small
Production speed in the manufacture of tubular
products can be kept steady, since the material
is of uniform quality and the need to make
adjustments to settings is thus minimal
Delivery thickness 1.53 mm,
width 1,0001,500mm
For more information on 2E, please visit

www.outokumpu.com

02|15 Forever 21

STEEL COLD FACTS

A STAINLESS STEEL FUEL TANK developed by Outokumpu

and the Swedish fuel system company TechROi Fuel
Systems (TFS) received the New Applications Award by the
International Stainless Steel Forum (ISSF) in the Best New
Development Award category at the ISSF Annual Conference
in Hong Kong, China, in May.
Stainless steel properties make the innovative tank a
competitive alternative for plastic tanks. According to the
ISSF, the winning concept provides a combination of good
design, appropriate material selection, engineering expertise
and sufficient delivery reliability. The stainless steel fuel
tank is superior in terms of crashworthiness and does not
need surface treatment or maintenance.

Read more about the stainless steel fuel tank

www.outokumpu.com

22 Forever 02|15

A EMELIE ASPLUND

Fuel tank wins

ISSF award

Ramp-down of Bochum
meltshop completed

A AKI RASK

JUNE 23RD MARKED THE LAST MELT AT BOCHUM.

Theday culminated with a ceremony honoring the
more than 100 years of stainless steel operations at
the meltshop. The ramp-down is part of an industrial
restructuring program aimed at achieving synergies following
the Outokumpu and Inoxum merger.
Outokumpu continues its strong presence in Germany
with a high class cold rolling center in Krefeld that produces
premium tailored materials for the most demanding
end-customer segments, as well as cold rolling and finishing
plants in Benrath, Dahlerbrck and Dillenburg. Outokumpu
is investing more than 100 million euros into its cold rolling
operations in Krefeld to enhance ferritic capabilities.

Outokumpu Experience
in Berlin raises the bar
THE OUTOKUMPU CUSTOMER EVENT was attended by
some 700 people and focused on the latest in stainless
steel innovations. Four break-out sessions covered the
development in automotive and transportation, home
appliances, building and infrastructure, as well as
energy and heavy industries. Guests were also privy to
Outokumpus product category renewal, which was launched
at the event. More than 30 demopoints showcased industryleading innovations and applications.

Relive Outokumpu Experience

www.outokumpu.com/stainless-news

Be in the know
OUTOKUMPU REGULARLY PUBLISHES NEWS to
its online Stainless News hub in outokumpu.com.
Topics include stainless steel products, Outokumpu
developments, events, and also spotlights
people behind stainless steel innovations and
applications.
This fall, Outokumpu renews its newsletter
distribution. Every second month you will receive a newsletter detailing what is
happening in your region; every other month you will receive a segment-specific newsletter.
Subscribe today and stay current with Outokumpu and stainless steel!

Subscribe to
the newsletter at
outokumpu.com/
newsletter
For even more
frequent updates,
follow us on Twitter
at @outokumpu

02|15 Forever 23

Reaching
the sky!

Our representatives will be available

to share their knowledge on
tall buildings be it surface finish,
foundation or interior design.
We look forward to seeing you there!
You can find Outokumpu in the Asian room

UPCOMING
EVENTS

NOV 1719, 2015

STAINLESS STEEL WORLD
MECC, Maastricht, The Netherlands

APR 48, 2016

WIRE
Dsseldorf, Germany

A CHRISTOS KATSIAOUNI

Outokumpu will
be present at the
TallBuilding Conference
CTBUH 2015 held
in New York, USA on
October 2630.