CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

-Centrifugal Pump can be defined as a mechanical device used to transfer liquid of

various types.
- As the name suggests, it relies on the principal of Centrifugal force.
-It converts the energy provided by a prime mover, such as an electric motor, steam
turbine, or gasoline engine, to energy within the liquid being pumped.

PRINCIPLE

The two main components of a centrifugal pump are the impeller and the diffuser.
The Impeller takes the power from the rotating shaft and accelerates the fluid.
The diffuser transforms the high fluid velocity (kinetic energy) into pressure.
Centrifugal Pump consists of a rotating impeller inside a stationary volute .
Liquid enters the pump through the suction inlet into the eye of the impeller.
The speed of the rotating impeller then forces the liquid out through the discharge
nozzle.

The liquid enters the inlet of the centrifugal pump under atmospheric pressure, and
flows into the eye of the impeller.
The Centrifugal force exerted on the liquid by the rotating impeller, moves the
liquid away from the impeller eye and out along the impeller vanes to their extreme
tip where the liquid is then forced against the inside walls of the volute and out
through the discharge of the pump.
Due to the reduction of pressure occurring at pump inlet and impeller eye, liquid is
drawn into the pump in continuous flow as it moves through the pump.
APPLICATION
cryogenics use centrifugal pumps in extreme cold applications
dairy farmers use centrifugal pumps to keep their product at the proper
temperatures, hot and cold
electric utility companies use centrifugal pumps, or turbines, to produce energy

ELECTRIC HEATER
Work by converting electricity into heat using metal as heating elements.
The metals have high resistance that permit a certain amount of current flow to
provide required heat.
The heating element inside every electric heater is an electrical resistor, and works
on the principle of Joule heating

The temperature controller takes an input from a temperature sensor and has an
output that is connected to a control element.
They work by converting electricity into heat using metals as heating elements.
The metals have high resistance that permit a certain amount of current to flow
through them to provide the required heat.

Heating elements are typically either nickel-based or iron-based

The most popular is nichrome
Example of electric heater is fan heater and space heater
APPLICATION
In industrial manufacturing electrical heaters are used in an array of forms to
provide intense heat at different stages in production cycles.

electric heaters also are used for domestic central heating and for materials
processing.