Single Solvent Recrystallization

Requirements
1. Fluted filter paper
2. Wide bore, short-stemmed funnel
3. Little amount of hot solvent/ (3 mL of
hot water)
4. Heat source
Steps:
1. Weigh 0.25 g benzoic acid
2. Place in 25-mL Erlenmeyer
3. Add 7 mL water
4. Boil for 1-2 minutes while stirring
5. Wait to dissolve
6. Add boiling water if still undissolved
7. Add charcoal
8. Boil gently again
9. Prepare a filter paper
10. Prepare a new Erlenmeyer
11. Add 3 mL of hot water
12. Filter the former Erlenmeyer into the
new Erlenmeyer
13. Allow it to cool slowly without
disturbance
14. Collect the crystals
15. Wash the crystals with cold water
16. Prepare a watch glass
17. Spread the filter paper in the watch
glass
18. Let it dry
19. Weigh a vial
20. Transfer to the weighed vial
21. Report its weight and percent
recovery
Mixed Solvent Recrystallization
Requirements
1. Fluted filter paper
2. Wide bore, short-stemmed funnel

3. little amount of hot solvent, (1.0 mL

of hot ethanol)
4. Heat source
Steps:
2 solvent lang, tapos dalawang beses ififilter

Melting Point Determination

Requirements
1. thermometer
2. capillary tube
3. oil bath
4. rubber
Extraction of Cafffeine
Requirements:
1. Sep funnel
Purification of Caffeine by Sublimation
Requirements
1. thermometer
2. beaker with sample
3. oil bath
4. hot plate
5. iron stand
Paper Chromatography
Requirements:
1. chromatographic paper
2. chromatographic chamber
Steps:
1. Cut some leaves into small piecees
2. Macerate it using mortar and pestle
3. Add 8 mL 95% ethanol to extract
pigments
4. Transfer extract into evap dish
5. Concentrate extract by exposing into
the fume hood for 30 mins.

6. Prepare the chromatographic paper

7. Draw a line 1.5 cm from the tip of the
paper and 1 cm from the tip of the
paper
8. Make sure the paper fits inside the
test tube
9. Prepare a capillary tube
10. Dab the sample onto the paper at
the center of the line
11. The diameter of the spot must not
exceed 2mm.
12. Allow the spot to dry
13. Dab the extract again on the same
spot
14. Prepare the chrom chamber
15. Place 2 mL of the solvent system
into a 6 mm test tbe
16. Bend a paper clip
17. Attach it to a cork stopper
18. Attach the paper strip
19. Make sure the paper strip doesnt
touch the glass
20. Watch the solvent rise
Formula: Rf = solute/solvent

Distillation Apparatus
Requirements:
1. thermometer
2. outlet adapter
3. 3-way distilling adapter
4. distillation flask
5. condenser
6. water in (sa baba)
7. water out (sa taas)
8. vacuum adapter
9. receiving flask
10. boiling chips
11. heat source

Steam Distillation Set-up

Requirements:
1. steam generator
2. pressure regulator
3. samples
4. thermometer
5. condenser
6. water in (sa baba)
7. water out (sa taas)
8. Erlenmeyer flask/ beaker (for
receiving)
9. iron stand
Set-up
1. Make sure the water flows in sa
baba tapos water flows out sa taas.
2. The thermombeter bulb is placed
below the side arm of the distilation
head.
3. Prepare 2 round bottom flask
4. The sample should be 1/2 -2/3 of the
volume
5. Prepare a water bath or oil bath
6. Add 2-3 pieces of boiling chips
7. Turn on the water supply
8. Slowly heat the sample
9. Record the boiling point
10. Do not distill to dryness
11. Remove the heat source
Reflux Set-up
Requirements:
1. water out (sa taas)
2. water in (sa baba)
3. sand, water or oil bath
4. hot plate