Standards of practice or recommended procedures in land surveying, often

including statements concerning the accuracy or positional tolerance of surveyed

points, are currently being established in many parts of the country.
Computational techniques need to be adopted which allow land surveyors to
determine whether surveys meet accepted standards. A pseudoinverse or inner
constraint network solution provides estimates of the variance and covariance of
point coordinates independently of any control established to adjust the network.
The estimates of coordinate variance and covariance, derived from the inner
constraint solution, can then be used to weight pseudoobservations on the
coordinates of legally controlling survey stations in a second solution to develop
error ellipses and positional tolerances on newly established survey points and
property corners relative to the legally controlling corners.

Read More: http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/(ASCE)07339453(1987)113:3(152)

Offshore staff
BREMEN, Germany The Norwegian Hydrographic Service (NHS) has awarded
Fugro OSAE a $4.95-million hydrographic survey contract. This will cover more
than 13,200 sq km (5,096 sq mi) in the Barents and Norwegian seas. There is
also an option to extend the survey area by two-thirds.
The Barents Sea area is near the Russian maritime border, in water depths of
150-250 m (492-820 ft). In the Norwegian Sea the survey area is around 100 mi
(161 km) offshore in water depths of 400-800 m (1,312-2,624 ft).
Both sections are adjacent to areas that Fugro surveyed during 2011-2013. The
contractor will process the data processing onboard the survey vessel and at its
center in Bremen.
NHS commissioned the survey for MAREANO, a Norwegian program designed to
improve knowledge of seabed conditions and biodiversity along the northern
Norwegian coast.
The goal is to build a knowledge base for resource management of oil and gas
and fishing in the areas.
04/03/2014

Senior Hydrographers and Younger Generations - 13/10/2015

Luis Salgado

Younger generations of hydrographers tend to be convinced that technological

amenities, institutional development or companys positioning, to mention but a
few and depending upon where young hydrographers are working, have been all
achieved by a magic spell. They are the result of a sudden creation or have
somehow always been there. They also do not take into account what previous
generations have done to make these amenities available to them.

They take little or no time to appreciate the extreme value of particular

innovations as very soon it will be replaced by newer equipment, capable of
better performance than the one they had just yesterday. In other words, there is
not the same appreciation for instruments and equipment that we, the older

hydrographers, had 20 to 30 years ago. We treasured and cared for a reliable

single-beam echo sounder or a good EDM.

The outstanding development of hydrography over the past 30 years is no

different from the changes other disciplines have experienced. They are the
result of the advent into hydrography of devices capable of processing enormous
amounts of data, developments in remote sensing, autonomous vehicles, GPS
positioning, multibeam sonars, all sorts of processing capabilities, and much
more.
Senior hydrographers have to keep abreast of the rapid scientific and
technological developments in our profession and, at the same time remain
connected with younger generations, not only because senior hydrographers
have been in the field longer but essentially because this gap between younger
and older generations could result in a lack of communication and understanding
between the two. This could make the flow of instructions to executors, data
processors and derivable producers more difficult, inefficient, vague and
ambiguous, and could potentially damage the credibility of the product delivered.
Consequently, senior hydrographers face the challenge of keeping up-to-date
with recent technologies, in order to take better advantage of these
technologies. They also need to properly communicate with their younger
colleagues, from time to time evaluate and quality-control their products and
review their professional performance.
In addition to practical reasons for keeping up-to-date and connected, it is also
healthy for the hydrographic profession to foster a solid bond between the
younger and the older generations, as the latter have many stories to tell the
youngsters. These will certainly help in making hydrography funnier and more
attractive.

Remote Sensing of Environment serves the remote sensing community with the
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