K L UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

13 ES 201 THERMODYNAMICS QUESTION BANK Course Coordinator Dr.K.Rama Krishna

(1) A piston-cylinder device operates 1 kg of air at 20 bar

pressure. The
initial volume is 0.04 m3. The fluid is allowed to expand
reversibly
following a process pV1.45 = constant so that the volume
becomes
double. The fluid is then cooled at constant pressure
until the piston
comes back to the original position. Keeping the piston
unaltered, heat
is added reversibly to restore it to the initial pressure.
Calculate the
work done by the cycle and its efficiency.
(6+4)
(2) A piston and cylinder machine containing a fluid system
has a stirring
device in the cylinder. The piston is frictionless, and it is
held down
against the fluid due to the atmospheric pressure of
101.325 kPa. The
stirring device is turned 10,000 revolutions with an
average torque
against the fluid of 1.275 mN. Meanwhile the piston of
0.6 m diameter
moves out 0.8m. Find the net work transfer for the
system. Page 66 pk nag
(10)
(3)
(a) Prove that internal energy is a point function.
(4)
(b) A mass of gas is compressed in a quasi-static
process from 80 kPa,
0.1 m3 to 0.4 MPa, 0.03 m3. Assuming that the
pressure and volume
are related by pvn = constant, find the work done by
the gas system.
Page 75
(6)
(4) (a) Derive the expression to determine heat transfer in a
reversible
polytropic process.
(4)
(b) If air of volume 6000 cm 3 and at pressure of 100 kPa
is compressed
quasistatically according to pV 2 = constant until the
volume becomes
2000 cm3, determine the final pressure and the work
transfer.
(6)
(5) (a) Derive the expression for non-flow work of a closed
system. State
its limitations.
(4)
(b) An electric generator coupled to a windmill produces
an average
electrical power output of 5kW. The power is used to

Apply

C3

Apply

C3

C4

Apply

Apply

C3

Apply

C3

Apply

C3

charge a

storage battery. Heat transfer from the battery to

the surroundings
occurs at a constant rate of 0.6 kW. Determine the
total amount of
energy stored in the battery, in kJ, in 8h of operation.
Page 93 pk nag
(6)
(6)
(a)
A mass of 1.5 kg of air is compressed in a quasi-static
process from 0.1 MPa to 0.7 MPa for which pv =
constant. The initial density of air is 1.16 kg/m3. Find
the work done by the piston to compress the air.
(5)
(b)
A thermometer is calibrated in such a way that
it reads 320N when placed in melting ice and 212 0N
when placed in boiling water. What will it read when
the measured temperature is 2880K
(5)
5M

C3
Apply
C2

(7)

(8)

(9)

(a)
If a gas of volume 6000 cm 3 and at pressure
of 100 kPa is compressed quasi-statically according
to pV2 = constant until the volume becomes 2000
cm3, determine the final pressure and the work
transfer.
(5)
(b)
A gas contained in a piston cylinder
arrangement expands from
0.75m3 volume to
1.25m3 volume while the pressure remains constant
at 200kPa. If the gaseous system receives 80kJ of
work from a paddle wheel, determine the net work
done
by
the
system.
(5)
(a)
Distinguish
between
Macroscopic
and
Microscopic points of view of thermodynamic
system investigation.
(4)
4M
(b)
What are different forms of work energy?
Explain each briefly.
(a)
1 kg of gas at 2400C expands adiabatically so
that its volume
is doubled and the temperature
falls to 1150C . The work done during the expansion
is 89.86 kJ. Calculate the two specific heats.

(5)
5M
(b)
State Zeroth law of thermodynamics. Briefly
explain how it
forms the basis for temperature measurement.
(5)
5M
(10) A spherical balloon contains air at a pressure of 1.5
bar. The diameter
of the balloon is increased to 40 cm by heating and
during the
process the pressure is proportional to its diameter.
Calculate the
work done assuming the process to be quasi static.
(10)
(1)
(a) State first law of thermodynamics applied to a
closed system
undergoing cyclic process.
(3)
(b) A stationary closed system containing air goes
through a
cycle comprising the following processes:
(i) Process 1-2 isochoric heat addition of 235 kJ/kg;
(ii) Process 2-3 adiabatic expansion to its original
pressure
with loss of 70 kJ/kg in internal energy;
(iii) Process 3-1 isobaric compression to its original
volume
with heat rejection of 200 kJ/kg
Show that this cycle obeys first law and find its
thermal
efficiency.
(4+3)
(2)
(a) State first law applied to a change of state

Apply

C3

Apply
Understan
d

C1

Apply

C3

C3

Understan
d

C2

Apply

C3

Apply

C4

Apply

C4

undergone by a
closed system.
(3)
(b) A stationary system consisting of 2 kg of the fluid
expands in an
adiabatic process according to pv1.2 = constant.
The initial
conditions are 1 MPa and 200oC and the final
pressure is 0.1 MPa.
Find W and E for the process. Why is the work
transfer not equal
to p.dv ?
3

(5+2)
(3) (a) Define Enthalpy.
(4)
(b) A fluid contained in a cylinder receives 150 kJ of
mechanical energy
by means of a paddle wheel, together with 50 kJ in
the form of
heat. At the same time, a piston in the cylinder
moves in such a
way that the pressure remains constant at 200
kN/m2 during the
fluid expansion from 2m3 to 5m3. What is the
change in internal
energy, and in enthalpy? Q)4.19
(6)

Analyze

Understan
d
C4
Apply

(4)
(4)

(a) Define Internal Energy.

(b) A gas undergoes a thermodynamic cycle consisting

of three
processes beginning at an initial state where p1 =
1 bar, V1 =
1.5 m3 and U1 = 512 kJ. The processes are as
follows:
(i)
Process 1-2 : Compression with pV =
constant to p2 = 2 bar,
U2 = 690 kJ
(ii) Process 2-3 : W23 = 0, Q23 = -150 kJ, and
(iii) Process 3-1: W31 = + 50kJ. Neglecting KE and PE
changes,
determine the heat interactions Q12 and Q31.
Q)4.17
(6)
(5) A gas of mass 1.5 kg undergoes a quasi-static expansion
which follows a
relationship p = a + bV, where a and b are constants.
The initial and
final pressures are 1000 kPa and 200 kPa respectively
and the
corresponding volumes are 0.20 m3 and 1.20 m3. The
specific internal
energy of the gas is given by the relation
U = 1.5 pv 85 kJ/kg
Where p is the kPa and v is in m 3/kg. Calculate the net
heat transfer
and the maximum internal energy of the gas attained
during
expansion.
(4+6)
(6) A gas undergoes a thermodynamic cycle
consisting of the
following processes:
(i) Process 12: Constant pressure p = 1.4 bar, V1
= 0.028 m3, W12 = 10.5kJ
(ii) Process 23: Compression with pV = constant,
U3 = U2
(iii) Process 31: Constant volume, U1 U3 = 26.4
kJ. There are no significant changes in KE and
PE.
(a) Sketch the cycle on a pV diagram
(b) Calculate the net work for the cycle in kJ.
(c) Calculate the heat transfer for process 12.
(d) Show that cycle
Q
=
W
(10)
Cycle

Apply

C4

Apply

C4

Apply

C4

Apply

C4

Justify

C6

cycle

10M
(7) (a) A mass of 8 kg gas expands within a flexible
container so that the pv relationship is of the from
pvl.2 = constant. The initial pressure is 1000 kPa and
the initial volume is 1 m 3. The final pressure is 5 kPa.
If specific internal energy of the gas decreases by 40
kJ/kg, find the heat transfer in magnitude and
direction.
(6)
6M

3
Page
95
Pk
nag

(b) Can we use the equation dQ=dU+dw for any

irreversible
process undergone by a closed system
(4)
(8) (a)
A stationary system consisting of 2 kg of the
fluid of Problem 4.8 expands in an adiabatic process
according to pv1.2 = constant. The initial conditions
are 1 MPa and 200C, and the final pressure is 0.1
MPa. Find W and E for the process. Why is the work
transfer
not
equal
to
pdV?
(7)
7M
(b)
Derive an expression for heat transfer in
non-flow constant
Volume
process.
(3)
3M

Analyze
C3
Apply

3
Page
95
Pk
nag

(9)

A slow chemical reaction takes place in a fluid at the

constant
pressure of 0.1 MPa. The fluid is surrounded by a
perfect heat
insulator during the reaction which begins at state 1
and ends
at state 2. The insulation is then removed and 105 kJ
of heat
flow to the surroundings as the fluid goes to state 3.
The
following data are observed for the fluid at states 1, 2
and 3.
State
v (m3 )
t (C)
1
0.003
20
2
0.3
370
3
0.06
20
For the fluid system, calculate E2 and E3, if E1 = 0.
(10)
10M
(10) (a) Prove that energy is a property of the system.
(4)
(b) 5 kg of air at 40 C and 1 bar is heated in a
reversible non-flow
constant pressure process until the volume is
doubled. Find
(i) work done (ii) change in internal energy and (iii)
change in
entropy.
(6)
(1) Air flows steadily at the rate of 0.4 kg/s through an air
compressor,
entering at 6m/s with a pressure of 1 bar and a specific
volume of 0.85
m3/kg, and leaving at 4.5 m/s with a pressure of 6.9 bar
and a specific
volume of 0.16 m3/kg. The internal energy of the air
leaving is 88 kJ/kg
greater than that of the air entering. Cooling water in a
jacket
surrounding the cylinder absorbs heat from the air at the
rate of 59 W.
Calculate the power required to drive the compressor
and the inlet and
outlet cross-sectional areas.
(5+3+2)
(2) Air flows steadily through a rotary compressor. The gas
enters the
compressor at a temperature of 16 oC, a pressure of 100
kPa, and an
enthalpy of 391.2 kJ/kg. The gas leaves the compressor
at a
temperature of 245oC, a pressure of 0.6 MPa, and an
enthalpy of 534.5
kJ/kg. There is no heat transfer to or from the gas as it
flows through the
compressor. (a) Evaluate the external work done per unit
mass of gas

Apply

C4

C3
Apply
C7

Application

C5

Evaluate

C5

assuming the gas velocities at entry and exit to be

negligible. (b)
Evaluate the external work done per unit mass of gas
when the gas
velocity at entry is 80 m/s and that at exit is 160 m/s.
(10)
(3) (a) Derive the steady flow energy equation.
(4)
(b) A turbo compressor delivers air @ 2.33m 3/s at 0.276
MPa, 43oC
which is heated at this pressure to 430 oC and finally
expanded in a
turbine which delivers 1860 kW. During the
expansion, there is a
heat transfer of 0.09 mJ/s to the surroundings.
Calculate the turbine
exhaust temperature if changes in kinetic and
potential energy are
negligible.
(6)
(4) In a gas turbine the gas enters at the rate of 5 kg/s with a
velocity of 50
m/s and enthalpy of 900 kJ/kg and leaves the turbine
with a velocity of
150 m/s and enthalpy of 400 kJ/kg. The loss of heat from
the gases to
the surroundings is 25 kJ/kg. Assume for gas R = 0.285
kJ/kg K and cp =
1.004 kJ/kgK and the inlet conditions to be at 100 kPa
and 27oC.
Determine the power output of the turbine and the
diameter of the
inlet pipe.
(10)

Apply

C5

Apply

C5

(5) (a) What is the significance of the term PV in the

expression H=U+PV.
Explain.
(4)
(b) A turbine operates under steady flow conditions,
receiving steam at
the following state: pressure 1.2 MPa, temperature
188oC, enthalpy
2785 kJ/kg, velocity 33.3 m/s and elevation 3m. The
steam leaves
the turbine at the following state: pressure 20 kPa,
enthalpy 2512
kJ/kg, velocity 100 m/s, and elevation 0 m. Heat is
lost to the
surroundings at the rate of 0.29 kJ/s. If the rate of
steam flow
through the turbine is 0.42 kg/s, what is the power
output of the
turbine
in
kW?
(6)
(6) Steam enters a horizontal nozzle at an enthalpy of
2764.85 kJ/kg, a
specific volume of 0.25547 m3/kg, a temperature of
2800C and at a
steady velocity of 40 m/s. At the exit, the steam has the
enthalpy and
specific volume of 2755.5 kJ/kg and 0.31546 m 3/kg,
respectively. If the
nozzle is adiabatic and if the diameter of the nozzle at
the inlet is 15 cm,
calculate (i) the velocity of steam at the exit, (ii) the rate
of flow of
steam per second and (iii) the exit diameter of the
nozzle.
(10) 10M
(7) (a) A blower handles 1 kg/s of air at 20C and consumes
a power of 15
kW. The inlet and outlet velocities of air are 100m/s
and 150m/s
respectively. Find the exit air temperature, assuming
adiabatic
conditions. Take cp of air is 1.005 kJ/kg K.
(5)
5M
(b) Make an energy analysis for a steam nozzle and heat
exchanger. (5)
(8)
Derive an Expression for SFEE. Discuss its
application to
compressors
and
nozzles.
(6+4) 6+4M
(9) (a) A turbine operates under steady flow conditions,
receiving steam at
the following state: Pressure 1.2MPa, temperature
188C, enthalpy
2785kJ/kg, velocity 33.3m/s and elevation 3m. The
steam leaves the
turbine at the following state: Pressure 20kPa,
enthalpy 2512kJ/kg,
velocity 100m/s, and elevation 0m. Heat is lost to

Understan
d

Apply

C5

Apply

C5

Apply
C5
Analyze

Apply

C5

Apply

C5

Understan
d

C1

the surroundings
at the rate of 0.29kJ/s. If the rate of steam flow
through the turbine
is 0.42 kg/s, what is the power output of the turbine
in kW?
(6)
6M
(b) State the importance of boundary in
thermodynamics?
(4)
(10) Air at 10/.325 kPa, 20 oC is taken into a gas turbine
power plant at a
velocity of 140 m/s through an opening of 0.15 m 2
cross-sectional area.
The air is compressed heated, expanded through a
turbine, and
exhausted at 0.18 MPa, 150oC through an opening of
0.10 m2 crosssectional area. The power output is 375 kW. Calculate
the net amount
of heat added to the air in kJ/kg.
(10)
(1) A heat pump is used to maintain an auditorium hall at
24 C when the
atmospheric temperature is 10 C. The heat lost from
the hall is 1500
kJ/min. Calculate the power required to run the heat
pump if its COP is
30% of Carnot machine working between the same
temperature limits.
(10)
(2) A heat pump working on the Carnot cycle takes in heat
from a reservoir
at 5oC and delivers heat to a reservoir at 60oC. The heat
pump is driven
by a reversible heat engine which takes in heat from a
reservoir at 840oC
and rejects heat to a reservoir at 60 oC. The reversible
heat engine also
drives a machine that absorbs 30kW. If the heat pump
extracts 17 kJ/s
from the 5oC reservoir, determine (a) the rate of heat
supply from the
840oC source, and (b) the rate of heat rejection to the
o
60 C sink.
(5+5)

C5

Apply

C6

Apply

C6

(3) A heat engine is used to drive a heat pump. The heat

transfers from the
heat engine and from the heat pump are used to heat
the water
circulating through the radiators of a building. The
efficiency of the heat
engine is 27% and the COP of the heat pump is 4.
Evaluate the ratio of
the heat transfer to the circulating water to the heat
transfer to the
heat engine.
(10)
(4) (a) What is a PMM2.
(4)
(b) A reversible power cycle is used to drive a reversible
heat pump
cycle. The power cycle takes in Q 1 heat units at T1
and rejects fQ2 at
T2. The heat pump abstracts Q 4 from the sink at T 4
and
discharges Q3 at T3. Develop an expression for the
ratio Q4/Q1 in
terms of the four temperatures.
(6)
(5) A reversible cyclic heat engine operates between the
maximum and
minimum temperatures of 671oC and 60oC respectively.
It drives a heat
pump which uses river water at 4.4oC to heat a block of
flats in which
the temperature is to be maintained at 21.1 oC.
Assuming that a
temperature difference of 11.1oC exists between the
working fluid and
the river water, on the one hand, and the required room
temperature
on the other, and find the heat input to the engine per
unit heat output
from the heat pump.
Why is direct heating
thermodynamically more
wasteful?
(10)
(6) (a) State the assumptions made by Carnot in developing
Carnot
Engine.
(4)
(b) Consider an engine in outer space which operates on
the Carnot
cycle. The only way in which heat can be transferred
from the
engine is by radiation. The rate at which heat is
radiated is
proportional to the fourth power of the absolute
temperature and to
the area of the radiating surface. Show that for a
given power
output and a given T1, the area of the radiator will be

Evaluate

C6

Remember
Apply

C6

Apply

C6

Understan
d

C5

Apply

a minimum
when
5

T2
3

T1
4

(6)
(7) (a) Two reversible heat engines 1 and 2 are connected in
series such
that 1 is rejecting heat directly to 2. Engine 1
receives 200 kJ at a
temperature of 421oC from a hot source, while
Engine 2 is in
communication with a cold sink at a temperature of
4.4oC. The
work output of 1 is two times that of 2. Calculate (i)
the
intermediate temperature between 1 and 2, (ii) the
efficiency of
each engine, and (iii) the heat rejected to the cold
sink.
(6)
(b) State and prove Clausius inequality
(4)
(8) (a) A heat engine is used to drive a heat pump. The heat
transfers from
the heat engine and from the heat pump are used to
heat the water
circulating through the radiators of a building. The
efficiency of the
heat engine is 27% and the COP of the heat pump is
4. Evaluate the
ratio of the heat transfer to the circulating water to
the heat
transfer to the heat engine.
(5)
5M
(b) State and prove Carnots theorem
(5)
(9) A heat pump working on the Carnot cycle takes in heat
from a reservoir at 5C and delivers heat to a reservoir
at 60C. The heat
pump is driven by a reversible heat engine which
takes in heat from a
reservoir at 840C and rejects heat to a reservoir at
60C. The
reversible heat engine also drives a machine that
absorbs 30 kW. If
the heat pump extracts 17 kJ/s from the 5C reservoir,
determine
(i) The rate of heat supply from the 840C
source
(ii)The rate of heat rejection to the 60C sink.
(10)
(10) A household refrigerator is maintained at a
temperature of 2C. Every time the door is opened,
warm material is placed inside, introducing an average
of 420 kJ, but making only a small change in the
temperature of the refrigerator. The door is opened 20
times a day, and the refrigerator operates at 15% of the
ideal COP. The cost of work is Rs. 2.50 per kWh. What
is the monthly bill for this refrigerator? The atmosphere
is at 30C.
(10)

Apply

C6

Apply

C6

Apply

C6

Apply

C6

(1) (a) Explain (i) Availability (ii) Second law efficiency.

(4)
(b) One kg of air is contained in a rigid tank at 500 kPa
and 700 K. The
dead state is taken as 20 C and 100 kPa. Calculate
maximum useful
work (i) if the system were to change to dead state.
(ii) when air is
cooled to 400 K in the tank.
(6)
(2) (a) What do you understand by the terms availability and
unavailability?
(4)
(b) Eighty kg of water at 100 oC are mixed with 50 kg of
water at 60oC,
while the temperature of the surroundings is 150C.
Determine the
decrease in available energy due to mixing.
(6)
(3) (a) Define Entropy and state its physical significance.
(3)
(b) Air flows through an adiabatic compressor at 2 kg/s.
The inlet
conditions are 1 bar and 310 K and the exit
conditions are 7 bar and
560 K. Compute the net rate of availability transfer
and the
irreversibility. Take T0 =298 K.
(5+2)
(4) (a)Show that Mixing is always irreversible using principle
of Entropy.
(4)
(b)A reversible engine, as shown in Fig. during a cycle of
operations
draws 5 MJ from the 400 K reservoir and does 840 kJ
of work. Find
the amount and direction of heat interaction with
other
reservoirs.
(6)

200

Q1 = 5 MJ

300
Q3

Understan
d
C8
Apply

Understan
d
Apply

Understan
d
Apply

C8

C7
C8

Apply

C7

Apply

C7

400
Q2

E
6

W=840 kJ
(5) Calculate the entropy change of the universe as a result
of the
following processes:
(a) A copper block of 600gm and with C p of 150 J/K at
100o C
is placed in a lake at 8oC.
(b) The same block, at 8oC, is dropped from a height

of 100m into the lake.

(c)
Two such blocks, at 100 and 0 oC, are joined
together.
(10)
(6) (a) What do understand by Clausius inequality? Explain.
(4)
(b) Two kg of water at 80oC are mixed adiabatically with 3
kg of water at
30oC in a constant pressure process of 1 atmosphere.
Find the
increase in the entropy of the total mass of water due
to the mixing
process (cp of water = 4.187 kJ/kg K).
(6)

Understan
d
Apply

C7

(7) (a) The volume of 1 kg of air increases from 0.5 m 3 to

1.3 m3 while its
pressure decreases from 1 MPa to 0.25 MPa. Then
100 KJ of heat is
added to it is a constant pressure process. Calculate
the entropy
change for the whole events. Assume for air C P =
1.005 KJ/KgK and
R = 0.287 KJ/KgK.
(6)
(b) 1250 KJ of heat is supplied to a reversible cyclic
engine at 527oC.
The surrounding are at 20oC. Find the available
energy and
unavailable energy.
(4)
(8) (a) 5 kg of air at 1.3 bar and 27 oC is compressed to 24
bar pressure
according to the law
PV1.33 = C. After
compression air is cooled at
constant volume at 30oC. Determine i) Change of
entropy during
compression and ii) change of entropy during
constant volume
cooling. For air take CP=1.01 and CV = 0.72.
(5)
(b) 2 kgs of water at 50 oC is mixed with 3 kgs of water
at 100oC in a
steady flow process calculate (a) the mixture
temperature (b) in
mixing reversible or irreversible (c) what is the
unavailable energy
w.r.t the reservoir at 50oC.
(5)
(9) (a) A Carnot engine operates between 1000 K and 300
K. The change
in entropy of the source is 0.6 KJ/K. Find the heat
added and net
work
output.
(4)
(b) An ideal gas R = 0.2 KJ/kgk is throttled adiabatically
from 12.2 bar
37oC to 1 bar. If the surroundings are at 27 oC find
the irreversibility
of the process in KJ/Kg.
(6)
(10) (a) Explain the principle of increase of entropy.
(3)
(b) Calculate the entropy change of the universe as a
result of the following processes:
(i) A copper block of 600 g mass and with Cp
of 150 J/K
at 100C is placed in a lake at 8C.
(ii) The same block, at 8C, is dropped from a height
of 100 m into
the lake.
(iii) Two such blocks, at 100 and 0C, are joined

C7
Apply
C8

C7
Apply
C8

C7
Apply
C8

Understan
d

Apply

C7

together.
7

(3+2+2)

(1)(a) Derive the equation

=
T

and hence
V

(6)
(b) Prove that cv of an ideal gas is a function of T only.
(4)
(2) Derive the third TdS equation
T
T
dp + Cp
dV
TdS = Cv
dV p
p v
and hence prove that
TdS = Cv dT +

2 p

2
T

Apply

C9

Apply

C9

Apply

C9

T
dV
k

(10)
(3) Derive the equation using Maxwells relations.

C p

p
(10)

2V
-T
2
T

(4) Show that equation

V
Cp Cv = -T

(10)
(5) Derive the equations
V p

(a) Cp = T
T p T
(5)

(b)
7
7

7
7

T V

Cp

(6) Using Maxwells relations deduce the two TdS equations.

(10)
(7) If entropy S be imagined as a function of T and V, then
show that
dS
=
cv
(dT/T)
+
(p/T)v
dV
(10)
(8) If entropy S be imagined as a function of T and p, then
show
that
TdS
=
cp dT
T(
V/T
)p
dp
(10)
(9) Prove that cp cv = - T (V/T)p2
x
(p/V)T
(10)
(10) (a) Derive the equation
=
T

C9

Apply

C9

Analyze

C9

Apply

C9

Apply

C9

Apply

C9

Apply

C9

(5)

V T

Apply
T

2 p

2
T

and hence
V

(6)
(4)
8

(b) Prove that cv of an ideal gas is a function of T only.

(1) (a) Compare Otto and Diesel cycle for the same
compression ratio and
same
heat
rejection.
(4)
(b) In an air standard Otto cycle the compression ratio is
7, and
compression begins at 35oC, 0.1 MPa. The maximum
temperature of
the cycle is 1100oC. Find (a) the work done per kg of
air, (b) the cycle
efficiency.
(6)
(2)In an air standard Diesel cycle, the compression ratio is
15. Compression
begins at 0.1 MPa, 40oC. The heat added is 1.675 MJ/kg.
Find (a) the
maximum temperature of the cycle, (b) the work done
per kg of air, (c)
the cycle efficiency, (d) the cut-off ratio, (e) the m.e.p. of
the cycle. (10)
(3) In an air standard Brayton cycle the compression ratio is
7 and the
maximum temperature of the cycle is 800 oC. The
compression begins at
0.1 MPa, 35oC. Compare the maximum specific volume

Evaluate
Apply

C10

Apply

C10

Analyze

C10

and the
maximum pressure with the Otto cycle. Find (a) the heat
supplied per
kg of air, (b) the net work done per kg of air, (c) the cycle
efficiency, and
(d) the temperature at the end of the expansion process.
(10)
(4) A gas turbine plant operates on the Brayton cycle
between the
temperatures 27oC and 800oC. (a) Find the
pressure
ratio at which the
cycle efficiency approaches the Carnot cycle efficiency,
(b) find the
pressure ratio at which the work done per kg of air is
maximum, and (c)
compare the efficiency at this pressure ratio with the
Carnot efficiency
for the given temperatures.
(10)
(5) (a) Derive the expression for efficiency of an Otto cycle in
terms of
compression ratio.
(4)
(b) In an air standard Diesel cycle, the compression ratio
is16, and at
the beginning of isentropic compression, the
temperature is 15oC
and the pressure is 0.1 MPa. Heat is added until the
temperature at
the end of the constant pressure process is 1480 oC.
Calculate (a) the
cut-off ratio, (b) the cycle efficiency, and (c) the
m.e.p.
(6)

Analyze

C10

Apply

C10

(6)

A dual combustion cycle operates with a volumetric

compression ratio rk = 12, and with a cut-off ratio 1.615.
The maximum pressure is given by p max = 54p1, where p1
is the pressure before compression. Assuming indices of
compression and expansion of 1.35, show that the m.e.p.
of the cycle
pm = 10 p1.
Hence evaluate (a)
temperatures at cardinal points with T1 = 335 K, and (b)
Cycle efficiency.
(10)
(7)
Show that the air standard efficiency for a cycle
comprising two
constant pressure processes and two isothermal
processes (all
reversible) is given by
=

(T1 T2 ) In(rp ) ( 1)

T1 1 In(rp )

( 1) /

T2

Where T1 and T2 are the maximum and minimum

temperatures of the
cycle, and rp is the pressure ratio.
(10)
(8) Two engines are to operate on Otto and Diesel cycles
with the following data: Maximum temperature 1400 K,
exhaust temperature
700 K. State of air at the beginning of compression 0.1
MPa, 300 K.
Estimate the compression ratios, the maximum 0.2
pressures,
efficiencies, and rate of work outputs (for 1 kg/min 0.3
of
air)
of
the
respective
cycles.
(10)
(9) Helium is used as the working fluid in an ideal Brayton
cycle. Gas enters
the compressor at 27C and 20 bar and is discharged at
60 bar. The gas
is heated to l000C before entering the turbine. The
cooler returns the
hot turbine exhaust to the temperature of the
compressor inlet.
Determine: (a) the temperatures at the end of
compression and
expansion, (b) the heat supplied, the heat rejected and
the net work
per kg of He, and (c) the cycle efficiency and the heat
rate. Take Cp =
5.1926
kJ/kg
K.
(10)
(10) (a) Derive an expression for air standard efficiency of a
Diesel cycle. (4)
(b) An engine operating on ideal Otto cycle for which
the following
information is available:
Maximum temperature
: 1277 C
Exhaust temperature
: 447 C
Ambient conditions
: 1 bar and 37 C
Air consumption
: 2 kg/min
Estimate (i) Air standard efficiency and (ii) power
output.

Evaluate

C10

Apply

C10

Analyze

C10

Apply

C10

Apply

C10

Take Cp = 1.005 kJ/kg and Cv = 0.718 kJ/kg.

(6)