Contemporary Black History Terms

Term

Definition

Herbert Hoover

31st president of the United States during the Great

Depression, laizze faire attitude made him unpopular
Sordid clusters of shacks made of tin, cardboard and
burlap next to railroad tracks and dumps
led the National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People (NAACP) for almost a quarter of a
century and directed a broad program of legal
challenges to segregation and disfranchisement. H
Black lawyer who helped play a role in dismantling the
Jim Crow laws and helped train future Supreme Court
justice Thurgood Marshall. Known as "The Man Who
Killed Jim Crow", he played a role in nearly every civil
rights case before the Supreme Court between 1930
and Brown v. Board of Education
Best known for his high success rate in arguing before
the Supreme Court and for the victory in Brown v.
Board of Education, a decision that desegregated
public schools. Became first black supreme court
justice in 1967.
Supreme Court decision holding that states that
provide a school to white students must provide instate education to blacks as well. States can satisfy
this requirement by allowing blacks and whites to
attend the same school or creating a second school for
blacks.
(1935) An article in the Crisis, an expose on the
exploitation of black domestic workers during the
Great Depression written by Ella Baker and Marvel
Cooke
Mobilized black parents, professionals and religious
and business leaders to persuade the state board of
health to provide free inoculations and immunization
shots to black children
Court decided that the state of Oklahoma must provide
instruction for Blacks equal to that of Whites, requiring
the admission of qualified black students to previously
all-white state law schools [Precursor to Brown v. Board
of Edu]
State of Texas made a new law school so that they
wouldnt have to integrate but Supreme Court found
that the institution was not equal to the University of
Texass Law School [Precursor to Brown v. Board of

Hoovervilles
Walter Francis White

Charles Hamilton Houston

Thurgood Marshall

Missouri ex rel. Gaines v.

Canada (1938)

The Bronx Slave Market

Dr. Matilda A. Evans

Sipuel v Board of Regents

of the University of
Oklahoma
Sweatt v. Painter (1950)

Edu]
Terrell Law
Nixon v. Herndon
Smith v. Allwright
Daisy Adams Lampkin
Juanita (Jackson) Mitchel

Ella Baker

Negro Womens Franchise

League
Clarence Mitchell

Law in Texas that banned black people from

Democratic Primaries
Supreme Court found that the Texas Democratic
primary was unconstitutional
Ended all white primaries all together
President of the Negro Womens Franchise League a
group dedicated to fighting for the vote
Helped found the City-Wide Young Peoples Forum,
organization encouraged young people to combat
unemployment, segregation and lynching
Directed NAACP youth program from 35-28
Directed the NAACPs voter registration campaign
Practiced
Cofounded the Young Negroes Cooperative League
in Harlem
Assistant field secretary for the NAACP
Director of NAACP branches and built membership
Joined New York Urban League
Suffragist group Daisy Lampkin was President of

Fannie B. Peck

Chief lobbyist for the NAACP for nearly 30 years

Lobbied to secure the passage of a comprehensive
series of civil rights laws: the 1957 Civil Rights Act,
the 1960 Civil Rights Act, the 1964 Civil Rights Act,
the 1965 Voting Rights Act and the 1968 Fair
Housing Act.[2]
Founded the Young Negroes Cooperative League in
Harlem
federation of local groups founded by black journalist
and anarchist George Schuyler, that sponsored the
growth and development of local consumer
cooperatives and buying clubs in major cities
throughout the country
Helped found the Detroit Housewives League

Rev. William H. Peck

George Schuyler
The young Negroes
Cooperative League in
Harlem

Bethel African Methodist

Episcopal
Booker T. Washington Trade
Association

Pastor of 2,000 member Bethel African Methodist

Episcopal Church
President of Booker T. Washington Trade Association
Big church pastor was Rev. William H. Peck
Organized in 1930 by a small group of Detroit
business and professional men headed by William


Detroit Housewives League

M.A.L Holsey

National Negro Business

League

Franklin D. Roosevelt

The New Deal

Agricultural Adjustment Act

(AAA)

H. Peck.
Purpose of the organization was to promote the
development of local businesses.
Formed by Fannie B. Peck and 50 black women
An organization that combined economic
nationalism and black womens self-determination
Secretary of the National Negro Business League
Consolidated spending power of Harlem housewives
to persuade businesses to hire black women and
children
Founded in Boston, Massachusetts in 1900 by
Booker T. Washington, with the support of Andrew
Carnegie.
"to promote the commercial and financial
development of the Negro." It was recognized as
"composed of negro men and women who have
achieved success along business lines
By 1901 spread to New York, and established 320
chapters across the United States.
32nd President of the United States
Elected four times and served from March 1933 to
his death in April 1945
Lead the United States during economic depression
and WWII.
Built a New Deal Coalition that realigned American
politics after 1932, as his New Deal domestic
policies
Programs in response to the Great Depression, and
focused on the "3 Rs": Relief, Recovery, and Reform.
That is Relief for the unemployed and poor;
Recovery of the economy to normal levels; and
Reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat
depression.
Series of domestic programs enacted in the United
States between 1933 and 1936,
Laws passed by Congress as well as presidential
executive orders during the first term (193337) of
President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Reduced agricultural production by paying farmers
subsidies not to plant on part of their land and to kill
off excess livestock.
Purpose was to reduce crop surplus and raise the


Extension Service and

County Agricultural
Conservation Committees
National Industrial Recovery
Act (NRA)

the National Recovery

Administration (NRA)
Federal Emergency Relief
Administration (FERA)
Civilian Conservation Corps
(CCC)
Public Works Administration

Civil Works Administration

(CWA)
Eleanor Roosevelt

Daughters of the American

Revolution

Marian Anderson

Harold Ickes

value of crops.
Created the Agricultural Adjustment Administration
to oversee the distribution of the subsidies
Held local control of the AAA and was supposed to
represent all farmers but the county agents were
usually planters and excluded black people
Federal law intended to promote the revival of
manufacturing by allowing cooperation among
industries
Created the National Recover Administration
Temporarily suspended antitrust laws, established
minimum wages, eliminated child labor, maximized
working hours, and strengthened labor unions.
Gave the President regulatory power over pipelines,
interstate and foreign transport of petroleum and
petroleum products
Declared unconstitutional
Administered the National Industrial Recovery Act
and attempted to develop fair competition codes for
discrete industries or lines of business.
Provided funds for local and state relief operations
to restart and expand programs
Built segregated camps to employ young men and
remove them from the poverty of urban areas
A large-scale public works construction agency in
the United States headed by Secretary of the
Interior Harold L. Ickes.
Built large-scale public works such as dams,
bridges, hospitals, and schools.
Temporary agency created to help people through
the winter of 1933-1934
First lady who was considered an ally to black
people, opposed segregation and left Daughters of
the American Revolution after the organization
refused to let black opera singer perform
Publically called for equal opportunity for black
people and pushed it politically
lineage-based membership service organization for
women who are directly descended from a person
involved in United States' independence
Black Opera singer not allowed to perform at
Daughters of American Revolution
Former president of the Chicago chapter of the


Clark Foreman

Daniel Roper

Harry Hopkins

Eugene Jones

National Youth
Administration

Mary McLeod Bethune

William H. Hastie

Robert Weaver

Ira De A. Reid

NAACP
Secretary of the Interior who Roosevelt asked to
take on the task of ensuring that African Americans
received fair treatment
Brought on by Ickes to ensure African Americans
received fair treatment
Recruited highly trained African Americans into
government positions
Supervised New Deal projects for the Department of
the Interior, the state parks, the interdepartmental
committee on Negro affairs, and the power division
of the Public Works Authority
7th U.S. Secretary of Commerce under President
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Made efforts to bring African Americans into
government positions
8th U.S. Secretary of Commerce
One of Franklin Delano Roosevelt's closest advisers
One of the architects of the New Deal, especially
the relief programs of the Works Progress
Administration (WPA)
Made efforts to put African Americans in
government positions
First Executive Secretary of the National Urban
League
Under his direction it expanded its campaign he
implemented boycotts against firms that refused to
employ blacks, pressured schools to expand
vocational opportunities for young people etc.
Member of President Franklin D. Roosevelts Black
Cabinet, under the Department of Commerce
New Deal agency in the United States that focused
on providing work and education for Americans
between the ages of 16 and 25. as part of the Works
Progress Administration (WPA)
Member of Roosevelts Black Cabinet, under the
National Youth Administration
Employed by the Department of the Interior, part of
Roosevelts Black Cabinet
Employed by the Department of the Interior, part of
Roosevelts Black Cabinet
Roosevelts Black Cabinet/ Social Security
Administration

Lawrence W. Oxley

Ambrose Caliver

Federal Council on Negro

Affairs (Roosevelts black
cabinet)

E. Franklin Frazier

Charles S. Johnson

Opportunity (Journal)

Carter G. Woodson

Lorenzo Greene

Benjamin Quarles

John Hope Franklin

Association for the Study of

Negro Life and history
Aintheus Taylor

Monroe Work

Roosevelts Black Cabinet/ Worked for the

Department of Labor
Roosevelts Black Cabinet/ WPA and Office of
Education
Informal group of African-American public policy
advisors to United States President Franklin D.
Roosevelt. It was supported by First Lady Eleanor
Roosevelt.
Most members were not politicians but community
leaders, scholars and activists, with strong ties to
the African American community.
American sociologist.
Studied black families and was part of the debate
on social policy
Sociologist and editor of Opportunity the Journal of
the Urban League
The Urban Leagues Journal
Historian and member of the Association for the
Study of Negro Life and through his scholarly work
emphasized racial pride, achievement and
autonomy
Historian and member of the Association for the
Study of Negro Life and through his scholarly work
emphasized racial pride, achievement and
autonomy
Historian and member of the Association for the
Study of Negro Life and through his scholarly work
emphasized racial pride, achievement and
autonomy
Historian and member of the Association for the
Study of Negro Life and through his scholarly work
emphasized racial pride, achievement and
autonomy
scholarly work emphasized racial pride,
achievement and autonomy
Historian and member of the Association for the
Study of Negro Life and through his scholarly work
emphasized racial pride, achievement and
autonomy
Historian and member of the Association for the
Study of Negro Life and through his scholarly work
emphasized racial pride, achievement and
autonomy

Gunnar Myrdal

An American Dilemma
(1944)

Swedish Social scientist who led the study into

Black life called An American Dilemma
Profoundly affected public understanding of how
racism undermined progress of African Americans
and helped set the agenda for the CR movement

Second New Deal

Set of laws

Social Security Act (SSA)

Provided the rudiments of a social welfare system

as well as unemployment and retirement insurance

Social Security
Administration
Lawrence A. Oxley

National Labor Relations Act

(NLRA)
Works Progress
Administration
Oscar De Priest
Arthur W. Mitchell
Pittsburgh Courier
Robert Vann
Senator Ellison D. Smith
Mayor Burnet Maybank
Harry Hopkins
Lincoln Tunnel
Tribourough Bridge
Bonneville and Boulder
Dams (Hoover Dam)
Federal Art Project
Federal Music Project
Federal Theatre Project
Federal Writers Project
Aaron Douglas
Charles Alston
Richmond Barthe
Sarggaent Johnson

Archibald Motley Jr
Augusta Savage
Savage School of Arts and
Crafts
Savage Studios and Uptown
Art Laboratory
St. Louis Argus
St. Louis American
Fletcher Henderson
Duke Ellington
Count Bassie
Cab Calloway
Swing
Bebop
Dizzy Gillespie
Charlie Bird Parker
The Amos n Andy Show
Race Films
Stephin Fetchit
Bill Bojangles Robinson
Hattie McDaniels
Oscar Micheaux
Chicago Renaissance
Arna Bontemps
Richard Wright
Philadelphia Independent
The Jones Family
Fair Play Committee
The Negro Soldier
Gone With the Wind
Gospel

Mahalia Jackson
The New Negro Art Theatre
Negro Dance Group
Edna Buy
Hemsley Winfield
Katherine Dunham
Billie Holiday
Charles White
Elizabeth Catlett
Jacob Lawrence
Federal Arts Project
Richard Wright
Native Son
James Baldwin
Ralph Ellison
Invisible Man
Jesse Owens
Joe Louis Brown
Jackie Robinson
Negro American League
Nation of Islam
Moorish Science Temple of
America
Wallace D. Fard/ Master
Farad Muhammad/ Wali
Farad
The Secret Ritual of the
Nation of Islam
Elijah Muhammad
Father Major Jealous Divine
Peace Mission Movement
New Day Journal

Double V. Campaign
A Philip Randolph
March on Washington
Movement
Benajamin O. Davis Jr
Congress of Racial Equality
James Farmer
Bayard Rustin
Ralph Bunche
House Un-American
Activities Committee
Executive Order 8802
Horace Pippin
Fair Employment Practices
Committee (FEPC)
William H. Hastie
Southern Regional Council
(SRC)
Congress of Racial Equality
(CORE)
Rosa Parks
Ruth Powell
Marianne Musgrave
Juanito Morrow
North Atlantic Treaty
Organization
Cold War
Paul Robeson
Henry Wallace
Harry S. Truman
Executive Order 9981
Adam Clayton Powell
I Love Lucy
Shelly v Kramer

Constance Baker Motley

State of Missouri ex. Rel
Gaines v. Canada
Sipuel v. Board of Regents
of University of Oklahoma
Sweatt v. Painter
Leon A. Ransom
Briggs v. Elliot
Brown II
Emmett Till
Claudette Colvin
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Montgomery Improvement
Association
Martin Luther King Jr.
Stanley Levison
Browder v. Gayle
Southern Christian
Leadership Confrence
(SCLC)
Civil Rights Act of 1957
Little Rock Central High
President Eisenhower
Greensboro Sit in
Sit in Movement
Student Nonviolent
Coordinating Committee
(SNCC)
Freedom Rides
Robert Parriss Moses
Election of 1960
John F. Kennedy
Robert Kennedy
Executive Order 11063

Lyndon B. Johnson
Committee on Equal
Employment Opportunity
Browder v. Gayle
James Meredith
Fred Shuttlesworth
Eugene Bull Connor
Laurie Pritchett
The Albany Movement
Fannie Lou Hamer
Alabama Christian
Movement for Human
Rights (AMHR)
Project C for Confrontation
Letter From a Birmingham
Jail
James Bevel
I Have a Dream Speech
March on Washington for
Jobs and Freedom
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Robert Bob Moses
Council of Federated
Organizations
Mississippi Freedom
Democratic Party (MFDP)
Voting Rights Act of 1965
March from Selma to
Montgomery
Dorothy Irene Height
16th Street Baptist Church
Malcolm X
Muslim Mosque
24th Amendment
Great Society

Stokely Carmichael
Charles V. Hamilton
Vietnam War
Senator Barry Goldwater
Council of Federated
Organizations
Floyd McKissick
Lowndes County
(Mississippi) Freedom
Organization
James H. Cone
Rev. Albert Cleage Jr.
Huey P. Newton
Organization for Afro
American Unity
March Against Fear
Black Power
Hurbert G. Brown
National Council of
Churches
Anna Hedgeman
J. Oscar Lee
James Breeden
Benjamin Payton
Black Manifesto
James Forman
Eldridge Cleaver
Soul on Ice
J. Edgar Hoover
COINTELPRO
Ten Point Program
Fred Hampton
Angela Davis

Soledad Brothers
Jonathon Jackson
Free Angela
Attica Prison
Watts Riot
Newark Riot
Detroit Riot
National Advisor
Commission
Otto Kenner
Edward W. Brooke
Roy Wikins
Economic Opportunity Act
of 1964
Office of Economic
Opportunity
Head Start
Upward Bound
VISTA
War on Poverty
New Careers Program
Job Corps
Community Action Program
War in Vietnam
Viet Cong
Project 100,000
Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
Muhammad Ali
Chicago Freedom
Movemetn
Mayor Richard Daley
Marquette Park

Poor Peoples Campaign

Civil Rights Act of 1960
Mayor Henry Leob
James Earl Ray
Black Arts Movement
Sonia Sanchez
Nikki Giovani
Don L. Lee (Haki
Madhubuti)
Imamu Amiri Baraka
Larry Neal
Black Arts Repertory
Theatre
LeRoi Jones
Black Fire
Maya Angelou
James Baldwin
The Fire Next Time
Negro Digest/ Black World
Hoyt Fuller
John Johnson
Naomi Long Madgett
Lotus Press
Dudley Randall
Broadside Press
Gwendolyn Brooks
Margaret Walker
Sterling Brown
Third World Press
Ed Bullin
Robert Chrisman

Nathan Hare
The Black Scholar
Lorraine Hansberry
King of Blues
Archie Sheep
Ornette Coleman
Pharoah Sanders
Eric Dolphy
Thelonious Monk
John Coltrane
Aretha Franklin
James Brown
Berry Gordy
Jesse Jackson
Orangeburg Massacre
Higher Education Act of
1965
Yales Black Student
Alliance
Intro to Black Studies
Ron Karenga
Election of 1968
Eugene McCarthy
Hubert Humphrey
Richard Nixon
Environmental Protection
Agency
Daniel Patrick Moynihan
Moynihan Report
Family Assitance Plan (FAP)
Busing
Southern Strategy

Senator George McGoven

Watergate
Gerald Ford
Ronald REagon
Vernon Jordan
Carl Stokes
Richard G. Hatcher
Gary National Black Political
Convention
Charles Piggs
Maulana Karenga
Shirley Chisholm
National Conference of
Black Mayors
Jimmy Carter
Patricia Harriss
Andrew Young
Ernest Green
Jacob Lawrence
William ARtis
Norman Lewis
Elton Fax
John Houseman
Rose McClendon
Harlem Federal Theatre
Project
John L Lewis
Committee for Industrial
Organization (CIO)
National Mediation Board
Louise Mama Hariss
I.N. Vaugh Company in
Richmond

International Ladies
Garment Workers Union
Tobacco Workers Organizing
Committee
Thedosia Simpson
Miranda Smith
R.J. Reynolds Tobacco
Company
Food, Tobacco, Agricultural
and Allied Workers of
America
James Forde
Scottsborro Boys
Angela Herdon
Communist Partys
International Labor Defend
Powell v. Alabama (1932)
Norris v. Alabama (1935)
Arthur Mitchell
National Negro Congress
Tuskegee Study
Fred D. Gray
NAACP Legal Defense Fund