REPORTED SPEECH

The Style Reported or indirect speech is used when reporting structure or make mention of
something someone has previously said. Here are several pages that will help you understand its
use.
Changes tenses
I live in Italy. She Said. She Said That I lived in Italy.

Changes in modal verbs

"They will help you. She Said. She Said That They Would help me.
Changes in the references of time and place
We live here. They Said They Said That They lived there
Changes in questions
"Where do they sell the tickets? He Asked Where They sold the tickets

Tense

Direct Speech

Reported Speech

present simple

I like ice cream

She said (that) she liked ice cream.

present
continuous

I am living in
London

She said (that) she was living in London.

past simple

I bought a car

She said (that) she had bought a car OR

She said (that) she bought a car.

past continuous

I was walking along the

street

She said (that) she had been walking

along the street.

present perfect

I haven't seen Julie

She said (that) she hadn't seen Julie.

past perfect*

I had taken English

lessons before

She said (that) she had taken English

lessons before.

Conditional 0,l,ll,lll

The "conditional" are certain structures of English in which, if a certain condition,

situation or circumstance is true, then it happens a specific result. Here we look at
several common types of "conditional"
*Conditional Zero - (Type Zero) - Situation always true
If you freeze water, it turns into ice.
*First Conditional - (Type I) - actual or possible
If it rains today, I'll stay at home.
*Second Conditional - (Type II) - Scenario
If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world.
*Third Conditional - (Type III) - Scenario of the past
If I had won the lottery, I Would Have Traveled around the world.
Conditional: wish + past simply wish on an unreal situation
I Wish I Were Rich (but I am not)
Conditional: wish + past perfect - I Wish Upon last
I wish I had Learned Ingls When I was younger (but I did not)
Conditional: would wish + - Expressing displeasure or irritation
I wish you would stop making that noise
Words to express conditions: UNLESS, provided ...
You will not pass the exam UNLESS you study harde

False friends
They are called false friends (false friends) or false cognates (false cognates) to
the words to be written in the same way (or similar) in Spanish are confused,
but actually mean anything in English.
For example, "driver" in English does not mean the driver, but refers to the
director of the orchestra and the conductor located on the buses. Here is a list
of the most known false friends.

to abet: instigating, abetting someone (not spruce, fir is said)

an abstract overview (not abstract)
to Achieve: to achieve (and not file, which is said to file)
Current: real, effective (and not current, said current)
Actually: in reality (and not today, it says that nowadays, at present)
to advertise: advertise (not warn, it is said to warn)
advice: advice (and not notice, said warning, notice)
ailment: mild illness, ailment (and not food, said food)
apparel: apparel, clothing (not apparatus, apparatus, machine is said)
Application Form: Application Form (and no application form)
to apologize: apologize (and no apology, said defense)
to approve: agree, accept, approve a decision (and not pass an exam, which is
said to pass an exam)

ECONOMY
Development and
underdevelopment
*Economic development is the ability of countries or regions to create wealth in
order to promote and maintain the prosperity and economic and social welfare of
its inhabitants. The study of economic development is known as development
economics.
Thus, it is understood as development, the living conditions of a society in which
the real needs of groups and / or individuals are met through the rational, that is
sustained, resources and natural systems. To this end technologies that are not
in contradiction with the cultural elements of the groups involved it would be
used.
*The concept of underdevelopment is disclosed during the 60s thanks to the
mass media, throwing as hunger problem in the Third World, wars, dictatorships,
etc. During the 60 underdevelopment it is understood as a consequence of low
consumption. On one side is underdeveloped, or poor, who can not consume;
and secondly, the Keynesian doctrine links development and economic growth to
consumption. Consumption levels of developed capitalist countries are a stage of
civilization to which everyone is doomed.

HISTORY
CUBAN REVOLUTION
The Cuban revolution is the main result of the Cuban revolutionary leftist
movement that brought down the regime of dictator Fulgencio Batista, and the
coming to power of the Guerrilla Army leader Fidel Castro. As revolutionaries
continue in power since then, it is considered the Revolution as the period
between the uprising against Batista and now.
The Cuban revolution was an important milestone in American history as the first
and most successful of several leftist revolutions that took place in various
countries of the continent. The resulting system of totalitarian revolutionconsidered by many observers, the government has remained in the country
despite the huge amount of adversity, keeping it afloat even after the fall of the
socialist bloc.
He has been accused of violating some basic rights of the population as freedom
of expression, freedom of movement or freedom economic, 4 although in general
terms it has been successful in many of the reforms he has done, mainly in the
system health and free public education system. The United States maintains a
harsh economic embargo on the island since the early 60s of the twentieth
century. This policy is seen as an economic blockade in the framework of the
United Nations and rejected every year by the General Assembly of this
international body that votes in favor of a resolution entitled Necessity of ending
the economic, commercial and financial embargo imposed by the United States
against Cuba. Despite international pressure and the damage caused to the
Cuban people, the United States continues to justify its policy by putting the
existence of numerous allegations of violations of human rights on the island.

Physical
Simple harmonic
motion
also called simple harmonic vibratory motion (more) is a periodic motion, and
vibration in the absence of friction produced by the action of a restoring force
which is directly proportional to position, and which is described in function of
time by a sine function (sine or cosine). If the description of a movement
requiriese over a harmonic function in general would be a harmonic motion, but
no more
In the event that the trajectory is rectilinear, the particle hits a more oscillates
toward and away from one point located in the center of the path, so that its
position versus time with respect to that point is a sinusoid. In this movement,
the force acting on the particle is proportional to its displacement from said point
and directed towards it.

physical education
basketball
Basketball, basketball or basketball (English basketball, basketball, 'basket' and
ball, 'ball'), or simply basketball Note 1, 1 is a team sport that can develop both
indoor and outdoor, in which two sets of five players each try to score points, also
called baskets or double and / or triple introducing a ball into a hoop placed at
3.05 meters above the ground from which hangs a network, which gives a look
basket or basket.
National federations of the Spanish-speaking Caribbean and Central America,
Guatemala, and Equatorial Guinea, call it basketball. National federations of other
countries in the South / South American Spanish-speaking Latin bsquetbol.2 call
it the Pan American Association (FIBA) used the name Spanish basketball, while
the American Association (ABASU) uses the name basketball. Also it called Note 1
basketball or basketball, especially in Guatemala, Argentina and Peru, for
Castilianization its original name in English: basketball.3
It was invented by James Naismith, a Canadian physical education teacher in
December 1891 at the YMCA in Springfield, Massachusetts, United States. It is
played with two teams of five people, during 4 periods or quarters of 10 (FIBA), 4
or 12 minutes each. (NBA) At the end of the second quarter, a break, usually 15 to
20 minutes is performed according to the regulation Championship own party to
which he belongs.

RELIGION
The Sacraments
-in The sacraments theology of the Catholic Church, Orthodox and copta- are
sensitive and effective signs of invisible grace of God through which divine life
is given, that is, offer the believer become children of God. According to
Catholicism, Orthodoxy and coptismo they were instituted by Christ and
entrusted to the Church.
In total the Catholic, Orthodox and Coptic Churches recognize seven
sacraments, in order:
Sacraments of Christian Initiation
Baptism is necessary because baptism removes original sin, had to be created
to become children of God.
Eucharist: This is when the consecrated host is received.
Confirmation: The confirmation of the Christian faith.
Sacraments of healing
Reconciliation or Penance is repentance of sins and confess them to a priest or
bishop so that through him, God forgive him.
Anointing of the Sick: a person is given all those with health problems or
persons in danger of death.
Sacraments Service
Holy Orders: Men take the sacrament of the priesthood, required by the
statutes of the Catholic church to give communion and other sacraments,
except in extreme situations.
Marriage is the union of a man and a woman, who would later become one
flesh

technical drawing
angles
Types of
angles
Acute angle

Description
an angle of less than

90

Right angle

An angle of 90

Obtuse angle

an angle of more than

than 180

Straight angle

An angle of180

Concave angle

An angle of more than 180

90 but less

It is the angle of the plane between two rays that have the same point of origin or
vrtice.1 often measured in units such as the radian, degree sexagesimal or
hundredth degree.
They can be defined on flat surfaces (plane trigonometry) or curved (spherical
trigonometry). It is called the dihedral angle space between two half-planes whose
common origin is a line. A solid angle is covering an object seen from a given point,
measuring its apparent size.
There are two common ways to make an angle:
1. giving name, usually as a lowercase letter b, or sometimes as a Greek letter
(alpha) or (theta)
2. or three letters that define the angle, placing the letter where it is (its vertex) in
the middle.
Example: the angle "a" is "BAC" and the angle "" is "BCD"

Spanish
Legend
A legend is a narrative of natural, mixed or supernatural events, which is
transmitted from generation to generation orally or in writing. Generally, the
story is set in an imprecise way between myth and true event, which gives a
certain uniqueness.
It is located in a time and place that are familiar to members of a community,
which gives the story some verisimilitude. In the legends who have supernatural
elements such as miracles, presence of ferric or otherworldly creatures, etc.,
these are presented as real, they are part of the vision of the world community
itself where the legend originates. In the process of transmission through oral
tradition legends often they experience deletions, additions or modifications that
express a strange state, thus resulting in a world full of variants
Its main features are:
* Brief narrative text, simple way
* Are collected from different locations where circulating stories or writers who
gathered earlier traditions.
* The narrator often used to express the following statements: "I was told to,"
"Legend has it that ..."
The author captures the culture, the narrator is the voice on the story.
* Place and fixed space
* Fluctuating Weather
* Presents symbolic elements
* They are marked by a destiny that will be fulfilled
* Spaces usually natural because they have a phenomenon that already exists (a
pond, a tree, etc.

QUIMCA
Benzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon of molecular formula C6H6 (originally to it and its
derivatives is termed aromatic compounds because they possess the characteristic
shape). In benzene each carbon atom occupies the apex of a regular hexagon,
apparently three of the four valencies of the carbon atoms are used to join adjacent
carbon atoms together, and the fourth valency with a hydrogen atom. According to
modern theories about chemical bonds, three of the four electrons in the valence shell
of the carbon atom they are used directly to form the typical covalent bonds (2C-C and
CH) and the fourth is shared with the other five carbon atoms, obtaining what is called
"cloud (pi)" contained in six different orbital electrons. Benzene is a colorless and
highly flammable liquid with a sweet smell (which must be handled carefully because
of its carcinogenic nature), with a relatively high boiling point.