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Nodular Goiter
Precipitating Factors:
Diet
History of Radiation
Regular intake of
substances (Goitrogens)
Predisposing Factors:
Age
Gender
Genetics
Geographic
Decreased/Suppression of
synthesis of thyroid
hormones
Decreased T4 and T3 in
the body
Negative feedback:
Increased production of
TSH
Heterogeneous growth of
thyroid follicles
Ischemic necrosis of
expanding follicles
Development of
nodules
Thyroid architecture
loses uniformity
Gradual
enlargement of the
Thyroid Gland
(Nontoxic Nodular
Functional
autonomy of
Toxic Multinodular
Goiter
May lead to
Thyrotoxicosis
Thyroid Storm
Heart Failure
Death
Visible and
palpable
mass
(Goiter)
Pressure on
anterior
neck
Venous outflow
obstruction of
the head and
neck
Facial
plethora
Engorgement
of neck
Pressure on
esophagus
Dysphagia
Pressure on
trachea
Dyspnea
Coughing
Wheezing
Pressure on
recurrent
laryngeal
nerve
Treatment:
Thyroidectomy
Radioactive
Iodine
therapy
Levothyroxine Therapy
Hoarseness